Olson United States History

Unit 2 Identifications: Expansion and Reform

For each of the following write one sentence that defines the term, followed by one or two sentences that EXPLAINS THE SIGNIFICANCE of each term (why it is important in context of the unit.) Please take note of the different due dates for each set of IDs! All sets will be submitted through Turn It In.

DUE via Turn It In.com: WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 1

1. Federalism – A political concept in which a group of members is bound together with a governing representative head.

2. Republic – A form of government where the power lies with the people. Government is ruled by elected leaders rather than inherited or appointed.

3. Articles of Confederation – A document signed by the 13 original colonies that established the United States of America as a confederation. It was America’s first constitution.

4. Federalist – Those who favor stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution.

5. Anti- federalist – Those who oppose stronger national government. They support State over government.

6. Louisiana Purchase – The acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana.

7. Monroe Doctrine – Stating that efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with US states would be seen as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.

8. Jeffersonian republicanism – Decentralized power, cut government spending and taxes. New pattern of Southern dominance, Northern Federalist influence declines.

9. Trail of Tears – Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the journey.

10. Missouri Compromise – Henry Clay of Kentucky made a compromise to leave Missouri a slave state, but Maine had to be a free state. No more slavery in the rest of the Louisiana purchase above the line 36 30.

11. Jacksonian democracy – The political movement towards greater democracy for the common man symbolized by Andrew Jackson and his supporters

12. Manifest destiny – The widely held belief in the US that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent.

13. Oregon Trail – A 2,200 Mile wagon route and emigrant trail that connected the Missouri River to Oregon. It was laid by fur trappers and traders and was only passable on foot or by horseback

14. Market revolution – A drastic change in how manual labor was conducted in the US. This development was marked by improvements in how goods were processed as well as by a transformation of how labor was organized to process trade goods for consumption.

15. Free enterprise – An economic system where few restrictions are placed on business activities and ownership. This system aims for limited restrictions on trade and minimal government intervention.

16. Transcendentalism – A religious and philosophical movement that was developed in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of spirituality. They believe that organized religion and political parties will corrupt an individual, and that people are at their best when they are “self-reliant”.

17. Judicial review – The doctrine under which legislative and/or executive actions are subject to review and possible invalidation by the judiciary.

18. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – The Peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American War.

19. Seneca Falls Convention – The first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"

20. James Monroe – The fifth President of the United States. He was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States. Created the Monroe Doctrine.

21. Andrew Jackson – The seventh President of the United States. Founded the Democratic Party.

22. Samuel F.B. Morse – An American painter and inventor. He contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system and was a co-developer of the Morse Code and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.

23. Nat Turner – An African-American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 known as Turner’s Rebellion. It resulted in 60 white deaths and the whites responded with at least 200 black deaths. Turner was convicted, sentenced to death, and hanged.

24. Frederick Douglass – An African-American social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman. He became a leader of the abolitionist movement. He also stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders’ arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens.

25. Elizabeth Cady Stanton – An American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early Women’s Rights Movement.

26. Ralph Waldo Emerson – An American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the Transcendentalist Movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism

27. Sojourner Truth – An African-American abolitionist and Women’s Rights activist. During the Civil War, she helped recruit black troops for the Union Army.

28. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark – Lewis and Clark are best known for their expedition from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast and back. The primary objective was to explore and map the new territory and establish an American presence in the territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it.