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Index

AActionAid, 56Adventist Development and Relief

Agency, 56Afghanistan, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 32, 49,

52, 60, 71–73, 77–79, 82, 85,89, 91, 92, 95–99, 107–110,112, 118, 121, 123, 150, 153,154, 162, 166

Afghan Northern Alliance, 96African Union (AU), 4, 31, 35,

43–45, 60, 110Africa Peace and Security

Architecture (APSA), 44Peace and Security Council (PSC),

44Alliance for Peacebuilding, 75, 76Al-Qaeda, 96, 104Al-Shabab, 44American Friends Service Committee

(AFSC), 56Arab League, 51, 52armed non-state actors, 72, 73, 83

armed services. See United StatesMilitary

Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN), 43, 46, 47, 60

BBangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance

Committee (BRAC), 56

CCanadaCanadian Humanitarian Assistance

Fund (CHAF), 115Disaster Assistance Response Teams

(DART), 116Emergency Disaster Assistance

Fund, 115Humanitarian Coalition, 115

capacity building, 4, 55, 122CARE, 56, 72, 115Catholic Relief Services, 56, 59Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 76

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021P. Aall and D. Snodderly (eds.), Responding to Violent Conflictsand Humanitarian Crises,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59463-3

179

180 INDEX

Centre of Competence forHumanitarian Negotiation,76

ChinaBelt and Road Initiative, 125China-Africa Development Fund,

125China International Development

Cooperation Agency (CIDCA),125

civilian government agenciescoordinating government conflict

responses, 111coordinating humanitarian relief

operations, 113evolving capacity, 98history of civilian participation, 95stabilization and peacebuilding

operations, 109trends affecting civilian

participation, 90civilian-military relations, 143Civilian Response Corps, U.S., 96civil society, 11, 13, 25, 30, 54,

55, 58, 59, 65, 73, 76, 84–86,92–94, 98, 103, 125

cluster approach, 76, 77codes of conduct, 38, 64, 65conflict management and resolution,

31conflict prevention, 23, 29, 46, 48,

49, 86, 97, 100, 137Congo. See Democratic Republic of

the Congocontractors, private sector, 8–11,

153–154, 162countering violent extremism (CVE),

81, 82, 99, 126counterterrorism (CT), 49, 67, 78,

82, 126cyber warfare, 84

DDarfur, 31, 44, 67Democratic Republic of the Congo,

12, 32, 49, 92Denmark, 91return of Iraqi refugees, 91

development, 1, 3, 4, 7, 10–13, 18,27–30, 38, 41, 45, 46, 49–51,54, 55, 58, 61, 66–68, 73, 75,79, 82–84, 89, 91–95, 100–105,107–110, 112, 113, 117, 118,121–126, 130, 138, 139, 149,162, 164, 165

diaspora groups, 8, 12Do no harm, 15, 80, 166donors, 25, 30, 37, 41, 59, 62, 76,

92, 93, 100, 101, 114, 115

EEbola outbreak, 91Economic Community of Central

African State (ECCAS), 45Economic Community of West African

States (ECOWAS), 4, 43, 44ethnic cleansing, 3, 71European Investment Bank, 29European UnionCommon Security and Defence

Policy (CSDP), 48, 49Directorate-General for Humani-

tarian Aid and Civil Protection(DG ECHO), 49

Directorate-General for Inter-national Cooperation andDevelopment (DG DEVCO),49

European External Action Service(EEAS), 48, 49

Operation Irini, 49

INDEX 181

Ffragile states, 12, 28, 34, 36, 50, 58,

90, 92, 100, 101, 104, 107, 121,125, 126

Ggenocide, 3, 25, 26, 71Global Humanitarian Platform, 94Global Peace Operations Initiative,

DOS, 91governance, 2, 13, 27, 29, 31, 42,

45, 46, 50, 52, 55, 58, 65, 66,82, 92–94, 96, 97, 99–102, 107,109, 117, 125, 126, 134, 158,161

gray zone conflicts, 83, 84Gulf Cooperation Council, 51, 52

HHaiti, 8, 14, 30, 37, 46, 72, 73, 77,

91, 95, 106, 112, 118Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), 83host nation (HN), 4, 8, 10, 12, 13,

91, 113, 132, 137, 148, 149,153, 157–159, 161, 162

Humanitarian Practice Network(HPN), 75

humanitarian reliefUK government funding accounts,

100U.S. Defense Department response,

114, 118U.S. government funding accounts,

60humanitarian space, 69, 78human rights, 17–19, 24, 26, 30, 36,

41, 45, 50, 55, 60, 61, 64, 65,68, 71, 75, 76, 81, 84, 85, 103,137, 162

Iimpartiality versus neutrality, 69–71India, 32, 33, 60, 118InterAction, 75Inter-Agency Standing Committee

(IASC), 76Intergovernmental Authority on

Development (IGAD), 4, 42, 45internally displaced persons (IDPs), 3,

6, 23, 77, 104, 107international financial institutions

(IFIs), 8, 11, 25International Monetary Fund (IMF),

11, 28, 29international NGOs, 4, 14, 16, 54,

56, 59, 60, 62, 67, 68, 70, 72,73, 75, 77, 85, 86

international organizationsregional and sub-regional

organizations, 18, 19, 42UN system, 18, 19, 41, 51

Iraq, 3, 5–7, 10, 12, 34, 72, 79, 85,89, 91, 95–99, 104, 107, 108,112, 118, 119, 121, 123, 150,153, 154, 162, 166

Mosul, 91ISIS, 5, 6, 66Islamic Relief, 67, 115Islamic State, 91

JJapan“Build Back Better” policy, 107Japan Disaster Relief, 106Japan International Cooperation

Agency (JICA), 106Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 106

KKenya, 26, 44, 107

182 INDEX

Llocal ownership, 12, 42, 57

MMedicins Sans Frontieres, 72Mennonite Central Committee, 56Mercy Corps, 82Mercy Malaysia, 67, 68monitoring and evaluation (M&E),

59, 120, 122–124Foreign Aid Transparency and

Accountability Act, U.S., 123Myanmar, 5, 35, 60, 72, 83, 97, 104

Nnation building, 95negotiationCamp David Accords, 110Dayton Accords, 111Good Friday agreement, 111Kosovo conflict, 110Minsk II, 111Trilateral Contact Group, 111

Netherlands, 19, 26Ministry of Justice and Security, 90Security and Development doctrine,

109New Deal for Engagement in Fragile

States, 12, 92non-governmental organizations

(NGO)accountability, 54, 64, 65, 74, 84budgets and funding, 59challenges and risks, 54, 56, 62, 66,

69, 70, 79, 166code of conduct, 64, 68coordination, 6, 56, 67, 73–77, 81,

164, 165federated network model, 56international humanitarian law, 57,

80

relations with military, 78staff and structure, 61

Nonviolent Peace Force, 82North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO)International Security Assistance

Force (ISAF), 49operation in Libya, 50response to severe conflict situations,

49

OOperation Enduring Freedom, 96Organization for Economic Coopera-

tion and Development (OECD),16, 101, 103

Development Assistance Committee(DAC), 101

Organization for Security and Cooper-ation in Europe (OSCE), 41, 43,47, 48, 50, 110

combating human trafficking, 50role in peace operations, 42

Organization of American States(OAS), 45, 46, 110

Organization of the IslamicCooperation (OIC), 51, 52, 60

Overseas Development Institute, 75Oxfam, 56, 59, 76, 115

PPacific Islands Forum (PIF), 47peacebuilding, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15,

17, 18, 23–25, 30, 34, 35, 40,42, 43, 45, 48, 55, 66, 71, 76,79, 97, 98, 102, 108, 136

peace enforcement, 20, 31, 32, 40, 44peacekeeping, 2, 8, 9, 13, 17, 20, 23,

29–33, 35, 37, 39–41, 44, 45,47, 69, 70, 78, 81, 84, 95, 125,126, 161

INDEX 183

peacekeeping missions, 23Philippines, 4, 47, 77, 82Provincial Reconstruction Teams

(PRTs), 49, 78, 166

QQuakers. See American Friends Service

Committee (AFSC)

Rradicalization, 82Red Crescent, 1, 57, 94, 115Red Cross, 1, 57, 94, 115refugees, 3, 6, 14, 15, 23, 27, 36, 53,

61, 66–68, 71, 73, 76, 90, 94,95, 97, 104–107, 113

regional organizations, 4, 18, 38, 42,43, 49–52, 60, 90, 110

Responsibility to Protect (R2P), 3Rohingya, 49, 72rule of law, 13, 19, 49, 54, 91, 96,

99–101, 112, 122, 123, 134, 135Russia, interventions, 125Rwanda, 25, 32, 37, 53, 71

SSafe and Secure Approaches in Field

Environments (SSAFE), 69Save the Children, 56, 57, 76, 115Security Council Resolution 1325, 9security issues, 143soft power, 83Somalia, 3, 31, 35, 40, 44, 48, 52,

60, 67, 72, 73, 82, 93, 95, 104,118

Southern African DevelopmentCommunity (SADC), 4, 45

South Sudan, 19, 42, 73, 92, 93, 104Sphere Handbook, 65

stabilization operations, 7, 98, 107,111, 116, 126, 153

Sudan, 19, 35, 67, 68, 112Sweden, 103, 104Swedish International Development

Cooperation Agency (SIDA),103

Syria, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, 51, 66, 68, 72,83, 87, 89, 91, 95, 104, 106

TTaliban, 71, 85, 91Tanzania, 25, 107terrorism, 2, 5, 47, 91, 99, 107Turkey, 60, 66, 127

UUnion of South American Nations

(UNASUR), 46United Kingdom (UK)Anti-Corruption Justice Center,

Afghanistan, 91Building Stability Overseas Strategy,

109Civilian Stabilisation Group, 122Conflict Department, 100, 120Conflict Pool, 120Conflict Stability and Security Fund

(CSSF), 100, 117, 121, 122,124

Crisis Unit, 113Crown Prosecution Service, 100,

107Department for International

Development (DFID), 97,100, 117, 119–121

Foreign and Commonwealth Office(FCO), 97, 100, 113, 117,119–121

International Stabilisation Responseteam, 113

184 INDEX

Joint Funds Unit (JFU), 100, 121,124

Ministry of Defense (MOD), 97,100, 120, 121

National Crime Agency, 100, 107National Security Council (NSC),

100, 109, 110, 113, 120, 121,124

Post-Conflict Reconstruction Unit(PCRU), 119, 120

Prosperity Fund, 117, 118Stabilisation Unit, 97, 100, 113,

120–122, 124training, 100, 120, 122

United Nations (UN)Central Emergency Response Funds

Charter, 115Children’s Fund, 27, 37, 61, 76coordination with others, 39–41,

52, 74, 76, 77country teams, 30, 41Department of Peace Operations

(DPO), 22, 23, 35, 161Department of Political and

Peacebuilding Affairs (DPPA),22, 23

Development Program, 27, 54Force Intervention Brigade (FIB),

32, 39General Assembly, 19–22, 24, 25,

27, 38, 39High-Level Independent Panel on

UN Peace Operations, 13, 38HIPPO Report , 38, 39, 41Humanitarian Air Service, 70Human Rights Council (HRC), 24,

36International Court of Justice (ICJ),

19, 21, 26International Criminal Court, 26International Criminal Tribunal for

Rwanda, 25

International Criminal Tribunal forthe former Yugoslavia, 25

International Organization forMigration (IOM), 22

Millennium Development Goals(MDGs), 101

Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA),20, 23, 24, 37, 77

Office of the High Commissionerfor Human Rights, 24

Office of the UN High Commis-sioner for Refugees (UNHCR),14, 15, 19, 27, 61, 76

Peacebuilding Commission (PBC),24, 25

police missions, 17, 35reform efforts, 38, 39Regional Office in Central Asia, 40Secretariat, 19–24, 26Security Council, 9, 13, 15, 19–26,

31–33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44,125, 137, 161, 167

Special Court for Sierra Leone(SCSL), 26

Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL),26

Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), 27, 92, 101, 103, 125

types of operations, 17, 19, 29, 30,44

Uniting for Peace procedure, 21UN Women, 39World Food Program (WFP), 28,

37, 61, 70, 76United States Agency for International

Development (USAID)Bureau for Conflict Prevention and

Stabilization, 102Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance,

102

INDEX 185

Bureau for Policy, Planning andLearning, 123

Bureau for Resilience and FoodSecurity, 102

Conflict Management andMitigation (CMM), 102, 121

Disaster Assistance Response Teams(DART), 105, 106

Food for Peace (FFP), 102, 105,114

Office for Relief, Response andResilience, 102

Office of Civil-Military Cooperation(CMC), 103, 122

Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance(OFDA), 102, 105, 106, 115,159

Office of Military Affairs (OMA),23, 106

Office of Transition Initiatives(OTI), 102, 105, 114

training, 7, 103, 121U.S. Global Development Lab, 123

United States Central IntelligenceAgency, 109, 110

United States Department ofAgriculture, 105, 114

Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS),108

technical assistance programs, 108United States Department of Defense

(DOD)combatant commands, 103, 105,

114, 160, 161Defense Security Cooperation

Agency, 114Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 109,

110, 130, 139, 167United States Department of State

(DOS)Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization

Operations, 7

Bureau of Political-Military Affairs,99

Bureau of Population, Refugees andMigration (PRM), 105, 114

congressional oversight, 111coordination with other agencies,

99country teams, 112, 164Foreign Service, 99Global Fragility Act, 97“J” Bureau, 99Office of Arms Control and

International Security, 99Office of Civilian Security, Democ-

racy and Human Rights,99

policy coordination committees(PCCs), 111

special envoys, 111, 112United States Department of Treasury,

107Office of Transition Assistance

(OTA), 107United States Militaryarmed services: Army, Navy, Marine

Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard,Space Force, 138, 139, 142,145, 147–149, 157

chain of command, 138, 139, 142,153, 158

combatant commands, 7, 65, 103,106, 114, 139, 141, 146, 148,149

coordination mechanisms, 119direction, 23, 132, 139, 153doctrine, 32, 97, 132, 166funding for other operations, 161hierarchy, 109, 151humanitarian assistance, 44, 78, 80,

81, 106, 116, 160mass atrocities response, 161mission command, 132, 133

186 INDEX

national command structure, 139operational units, 142, 143Operation Tomodachi, 159, 160peace operations, 34, 39, 157–159planning, 33, 96, 103, 119, 120,

131, 133, 139protection of civilians (POC), 80,

137range of operations, 157rank and insignia, 154–156relations with NGOs and IOs, 75Reserves and National Guard, 150risk management and force

protection, 135role of intelligence, 136rules of engagement (ROE), 33,

78, 135specialized staff designations, 144values and culture, 150

United States National SecurityCouncil (NSC), 109, 112, 139

VViolent extremism. See Countering

violent extremism (CVE)

WWomen, Peace, and Security (WPS)

agenda, 9, 137World Association for Non-

Governmental Organizations(WANGO), 75, 86

World Bank, 4, 11, 16, 17, 28, 29,61, 82

World Humanitarian Summit, 93, 94World Vision, 56

YYemen, 14, 49, 51