form 5 geography - global warming topic 1 - global warming and china geography news presentation...

Form 5 Geography - Global WarmingTopic 1 - Global warming and China

Geography News Presentation

Charles Lui 5DJenny Leung 5E


Negative Impacts brought by global warmingExtreme Weather condition

In 2003, the high air temperature in Taipei, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Wuhan Zhejiang and Fuzhou had broken the record by comparing to the past century.

In 2004, the high air temperature in Guangzhou had broke its record by comparing to past 53 years.

In 2006, the high air temperature in Chongqing had reached 43 degree Celsius.

In 2010, the air temperature in southeast China had reached 38 degree Celsius and the precipitation rate is low.

High air temperature


In 2013, In northeast China, which typically has snowy, cold winters, the average temperature was an icy minus 15.3 degrees Celsius, the lowest in 42 years.

Temperatures have dropped down to minus 40 degrees Celsius in eastern Inner Mongolia, northern Xinjiang and the Arctic reaches of northeast China.

http://www.livescience.com/26095-china-cold-winter-weather.html


http://www.livescience.com/26095-




frequency of heat waves in summer has increased and droughts have worsened in some areas, especially in northern China

temperature anomalies across China between August 5 & 12, 2013



In 2013 July and the first half of August, eastern China baked in a record-breaking heat wave. Nineteen provinces endured above-normal temperatures.

Shanghai broke its all-time record high three times in as many weeks. The current record—40.8 degrees Celsius (105.4°F)—was set on August 7, 2013. At least 40 people have died during the heat wave, including ten in Shanghai

The image above shows temperature anomalies across China between August 5 and August 12, 2013, as observed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite.


Heat wave



Red areas are warmer than the long-term average for the week, while cooler-than-average temperatures are blue. While much of China was warm during this period, the worst of the heat wave was concentrated near the coast and in Tibet. This weather pattern is tied to a subtropical high-pressure system parked over southern China.

The heat wave was likely worst in China’s cities, where manmade surfaces absorb heat during the day and cool slowly at night. As a result, cities are warmer during the day and slower to cool at night, making an extended heat wave more uncomfortable, and more deadly, in a city.http://climate.nasa.gov/news/969

Heat wave


In 2013 August, 26 rivers had been cut off, 65 reservoirs dried up and 1,100 others left with dead storage levels in central China's Hubei Province, dubbed "the land of a thousand lakes“.

Of those affected, about 4.3 million people live in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, and the rest are in Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces and Chongqing Municipality.

The drought has caused direct economic losses of 12.1 billion yuan (1.98 billion U.S. dollars) and affected about 2.09 million hectares of farmland, including 350,000 hectares that have been left unharvestable.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-08/06/c_132607372.htm


Drought


the snow disaster has became more frequent In November 2013, 50,000 people were

mobilized to clear snow in Harbin, capital of Northeast China's Heilongjiang province, after the worst snowstorm in 50 years hit the city for 60 hours.

Average daily snowfall in the city proper reached 11.4 mm, the highest level recorded since 1961 when consecutive weather recording began in the city.

Residents, police and volunteers helped to clear snow and ice on the streets, and special snow clearing machines and vehicles were also mobilized


Snow disaster


Education authorities requested that all kindergartens, primary and high schools in the urban area close as the accumulated snow on streets exceeded 10 cm in some areas.

The National Meteorological Center on Tuesday issued a blue alert for snowstorms, forecasting continuous snow in the eastern part of Heilongjiang for the next 24 hours. Snowfall is expected to reach 10 to 14 mm.

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-11/19/content_17115820.htm


Snow disaster


heavy precipitation has increased in nothwest China and caused flooding

Ten rounds of rainfall have battered north China's Shandong Province since the beginning of July.

The province received 328.1 mm of rainfall in July, a 50-year high.

The heavy rains severely affected 399,000 people and destroyed 440 houses in Shandong.

In arid northwest China, Gansu Province received double the average annual precipitation recorded for the past 30 years in July.

Arid northwest China is more vulnerable to rainstorm-triggered landslides and torrential flooding, and people there have been warned to enhance their awareness of flood and waterlogging prevention


Heavy Precipitation


Twenty-four people died and one person was reported missing after rainstorm-triggered floods and flows of mud and rock hit Tianshui City in Gansu on July 25.

Four rounds of downpours swept Tianshui City in July, triggering floods, landslides and mud-rock flows in seven townships and affecting 1.22 million people.

there is a trend of increasing extreme weather events in summer

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-08/06/c_132607372.htm


Heavy Precipitation


Negative Impacts brought by global warmingExtreme natural disaster

Melting GlaciersSince the 19th century, the average temperature in China increased 0.5~0.8 degrees Celsius. The phenomenon of rising surface temperatures in China is most significant in the Himalayan Mountain region. The air temperature of the Tibetan Plateau is now increasing at the rate of 0.3 degrees Celsius every ten years.Temperature rise of 4 degrees Celsius could trigger rapid melting of glaciers on a global scale. The shrinking of these glaciers leads to:

① flooding from glacial lakes into the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

② lower volume of water in the Yangtze's downstream areas.


Negative Impacts brought by global warmingExtreme Natural disaster

Glaciers Lakes Overflow

Glaciers melting in the Himalayas could lead to the overflow of 200 glacial lakes and produce large-scale flooding and mudslides in mountainous areas. Areas along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway (Chuan Zhang Gong Lu), the upstream region of Yarkand River, the Eastern part of Pamirs Plateau, and the middle part of Mount Tian have all encountered increasingly frequent and devastating mud slides. E.g. On 10 June 2004, rapid landslides and massive flooding from the River Yi'ong Zangbo in the Tibetan Plateau destroyed major highways and bridges connecting neighboring regions. The massive flood destroyed approximately 10 bridges, 50 miles of highway and hundreds of homes in Tibet.


Negative Impacts brought by global warmingExtreme Natural disaster

Decrease of Water Volume in Major

RiversThe shrinkage of the Jianggendiru Glacier and Toutou River, the source of the Yangtze River. Chinese scientists predict that even if global warming stops, one-third of the glacial area in Tibet will disappear by 2050, and half will disappear by 2090. Glacial retreat may cause a transformation in the pattern of rivers that currently feed the Yangtze River. If these rivers fail to flow into the Yangtze River, the natural runoff volume of the Yangtze River is likely to decrease by 25 percent in the future. If the Yangtze River runoff decreases, the wetland ecosystem in Qinghai—a major migratory bird habitat located in northwestern China—will face possible desertification

http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/climate-change-impacts-chinas-environment-biophysical-impacts


Negative Impacts brought by global warming

Disturbance to wildlife ecosystemHarmful to farming activities and

food supplyCoastal settlementsRecreation and tourismFreshwater supply(covered in book and notes)


Global warming leads to higher temperatures, longer summer months and a greater number of heat wave.

People tend to use air conditioners or fans longer and refrigerator more intensely.

E.g. Power consumption exceeded 50 billion kwh in July in neighboring Jiangsu Province, the highest among all provinces, partly due to the wide use of air-conditioners

(http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013- 08/06/c_132607372.htm) As a result, energy consumption and burning of

fossil fuels for generating electricity increase. More money is needed to pay for electricity fee.

Vicious cycle


Energy Consumption


Since there is more frequent extreme climate events and disasters, more money is needed for relief work

More money are needed to solve the problem caused by global warming (as mentioned above),it may take heavy financial burden to the Chinese government, and finally lead to China’s economic loss.


Economic Loss


目前，中國二氧化碳排放總量大，增長速度快，減排壓力很大。但是，中國選擇了既對自己負責，又要對世界負責﹔既對當代人負責，又要對后代負責的態度，以實際行動履行著一個發展中大國的義務和責任。

　　 1.中國仍然是發展中大國。 2008年，中國人均 GDP剛剛突破 3000美元，世界排名 106位，廣大人民物質文化生活離中等發達國家水平還有一定距離，按 2008年農村貧困標准 1196元測算，年末農村貧困人口為 4007萬人。中國人口眾多，每年淨增 7000多萬人，消費需求大。同時，仍然存在較大的城鄉差距、地區差距。

　　 2.中國仍處在工業化中期后半段，人均碳排放量低。雖然中國各個省所處的工業化階段不一樣，有的已經完成工業化，有的甚至還在前工業化階段，但整體而言，目前處在工業化中期的后半階段。 2008年，中國第三產業增加值佔 GDP比重為 40.1%，低於第二產業比重。 2009年上半年，中國第三產業增加值佔 GDP比重為 41.3%，低於第二產業比重。而美國已完成工業化，其第三產業產值佔 GDP比重超過 80%。世界銀行的研究表明，目前世界年人均碳排放量為 4.3噸，中國為 4.1噸，美國為 19噸，遠低於發達國家。

　　

The Stance of China in mitigation of Global Warming


　　 3.中國節能減排工作起步晚，“碳捕獲、碳儲存、碳利用”等技術較落后。作為發展中國家，中國工業化起步於 20世紀 50年代，真正快速的時期是改革開放后。由於起步晚，中國的節能減排技術研究進程慢、水平低。另一方面，受較低的人均財政收入制約，中國人均節能減排資金量投入較少，現階段中國“碳捕獲、碳儲存、碳利用”等技術較落后。

　　 4.中國已經並正在為減排做出積極努力。近些年來，中國本著對世界負責，對自己負責任的態度，為應對氣候變化做出了積極努力。 2007年，中國成立了“國家應對氣候變化領導小組”，開始實施《中國應對氣候變化國家方案》。 2009年 8月，中國全國人大常委會通過《全國人大常委會關於積極應對氣候變化的決議》。

　


Form 5 Geography - Global WarmingTopic 1 - Global warming and ChinaThe Stance of

China in mitigation of Global Warming 5.中國為減少碳排放所做的巨大貢獻。一方面，中國節能減排工作取得顯著成績。國家發改委應付氣候變化司表示，中國如果能實現“十一五”期間的節能減排目標，將節能 20%，減少 16億噸二氧化碳排放，這在國際上是貢獻最大的一個國家目標。另一方面，公眾的環保意識增強。據中國環境文化促進會的調查，自該組織開展公眾環保意識調查以來， 2006—2008年環境污染問題的關注比例連續三次進入前三名，調查還顯示公眾的環保意識和支付意願也在逐步提高。

http://theory.people.com.cn/BIG5/41038/10578937.html





• China’s carbon emission rate→high• Such rate continue to increase rapidly• Therefore→Face great pressure to reduce emission→combat

climate Change

• However China should be responsible to:• -China itself• -The whole world• -Present generation• -Next generation• China→developing country • Have Solid Actions to fulfill their duties and responsibilities?


1.Although High GDPper capita GDP lowProblem faced by China:Poverty problem is rural area seriousLarge population, Large consumptionRural-urban disparity, regional disparity

2.China—world factoryIndustrial development in China→still rapidChina still rely on industrial developmentEssential for China to continue to developits secondary/ manufacturing industryAlthough high carbon emissionLow per capita carbon emission


3.China→starts slowly in carbon emission reduction- Development→Still left behindDue to:-lack of technology-lack of capital

4.China actually quite active→combat climate changeAttitude: Responsible to itself Responsible to the worldSet up policies →reduce carbon emission and combat climate changeGovernment take initiative role to start off

5.China→Great effort to carbon reductionMore Contribution in the future- Set carbon reduction as their coming strategy- Try hard to increase public awareness

Form 5 Geography - Global WarmingTopic 1 - Global warming and ChinaThe Measures

taken by China in mitigation of Climate changeAdjusting Industrial Structure

Transformation and upgrading of traditional industry

Supporting the development of strategic and newly emerging industries

Vigorously developing the service industry Speeding up the elimination of backward

production capacity


taken by China in mitigation of Climate changeConserving energy and improving Energy efficiency

Enhancing the assessment and management of energy conservation

Improving standards of energy efficiency. Promoting energy conservative technologies

and products. Carrying out key energy-saving projects Developing a circular economy. Promoting of energy performance contracting Implementing fisical and tax incentives


taken by China in mitigation of Climate changeOptimizing Energy Structure

Accelerating the development of non-fossil fuel Promoting the clean utilization of fossil fuel

Increasing Carbon Sinks Enhancing forest carbon sinks Enhancing grassland carbon sinks Enhancing carbon sinks in other fields

Form 5 Geography - Global WarmingTopic 1 - Global warming and ChinaThe Measures taken by China in

Adapting to Climate change

Agricultural

Forestry and Ecosystem

Water Resources

Form 5 Geography - Global WarmingTopic 1 - Global warming and ChinaThe Measures taken by China in

Adapting to Climate change

Marine Resources

Public Health

Meteorology

Meteorology


Other Measures taken by China related to the emission of GHGPromote Low-carbon Pilot Projects

Continuing to Promote Low-carbon Pilot Projects in Provinces and Cities

Initiating Pilot Programs for Carbon Emissions Trading Establishing a voluntary emission trading system

Conducting carbon emission trading pilot programs

Continuing to Promote Low-carbon Pilot Projects in Provinces and Cities

Studying and starting trials of low-carbon industry park, communities and Commerce

Beginning trials of low-carbon products Selecting cities to pilot low-carbon transport

systems Carrying out green and low-carbon pilot and

demonstration projects in key small towns


Other Measures taken by China related to the emission of GHGStrengthening Capacity Building

Strengthening Top-level Planning of Low-carbon Development

Formulating and implementing the Work Plan for Greenhouse Gases Emission control During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period

Improving the legal system for addressing climate change

Launching major strategic studies and formulating plans

Gradually Establishing Statistical and Accounting Systems for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Launching and improving a basic statistical system for measuring greenhouse gas emissions

Vigorously advancing greenhouse gas inventory compilation and emission accounting


Other Measures taken by China related to the emission of GHGStrengthening Capacity Building

Fueling Support for Science and Technology Strengthening basic scientific research Enhancing R&D, application and promotion of

low--carbon technology Establishing research and advisory institutions

Participation of the Whole Society Enhancing Government Guidance Extensive Media Publicity NGO Initiatives Proactive Participation by the Public

http://www.ccchina.gov.cn/WebSite/CCChina/UpFile/File1324.pdf


http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/aboutcc/problems/rising_temperatures/hotspot_map/china.cfm

http://www.ifg.org/pdf/occasional_paper6-climate_change_and_china.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_China

http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/climate-change-impacts-chinas-environment-biophysical-impacts



Form 5 Geography - Global WarmingTopic 1 - Global warming and ChinaThe Stance of

China in mitigation of Global Warming

http://simpleclimate.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/china-us-conflict-reveals-central-climate-issue/

http://sciencespo-globalgovernance.net/node/23

http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/china-agrees-to-impose-carbon-targets-by-2016-8626101.html







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form 5 geography - global warming topic 1 - global warming and china geography news presentation...

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