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FOREWORDS

When Dr. R.N. Pandey, Addnl DG, Ministry of Tourism (MoT), approached me asthe then Head, Applied Statistics Unit, ISI for conducting the International PassengerSurvey (IPS), the decision could not be taken instantaneously. Several rounds ofmeetings with the then Director, Prof. Sankar K. Pal were held. Also the faculty in ourUnit were invited in a meeting to discuss their possible participation and feasibility ofthis exercise. It transpired that I would need a group of experienced as well as young,motivated and energetic persons who would view this work as one for the sake of thecountry above all personal benefits. It would also require cooperation from all cornersof ISI. Coming to the conclusion of IPS, it is indeed with great pleasure that I lookback and greatly appreciate the encouragement and profuse help rendered by both ourDirectors, previous and present, Profs. Sankar K. Pal and Bimal K.Roy, respectively,as well as the Heads and Professors-in-Charge of ASU and ASD, and various workersfrom almost all corners of ISI. A national survey spanning over a year is bound toface troubled waters. However, we had possibly more tan our share, with bomb blasts,catastrophes, blizzards, volcanic eruptions, and not the least, changing operationalrequirements. However, the team held together and put forward exemplary efforts.We have tried to enhance several new methods for IPS, both operational andmethodological. In this respect the support from MoT, thanks to Dr. Pandey, has beenexemplary. We present the reader with this report and hope it will be found useful forour national cause. There are several shortcomings as with any real-life large surveys,which researchers need to ponder on for solutions. Finally, as change is the essence ofstatistics, we look forward to further research and development on the statisticspresented in this report. We, the team members of IPS feel proud and privileged to bea part of this IPS and hope it will serve its purpose for the benefit of our nation.

Ashis SenGuptaPrincipal InvestigatorInternational Passenger Survey16 August 2012

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CONTENTS

1. Genesis of IPS 1-2

2. Aims and their Formalizations 3-4

3. Idealized Sampling Plans 4-8

4. Force Majeure and Realized Sampling 8-12

5. Repeat Surveys: Forced and Unforced Errors 13

6. Lot Quality Sampling for Error Reduction 13

7. Packages Developed for Data and Error Analyses 13-14

8. Major Findings: Averages and Extremes 15-147

9. Validation Study 148-151

10. Knowledge Discovery and Recommendations 152-153

11. Acknowledgments 154

12. Appendix 155-175

A. Sampling Schemes and Estimation Procedures 155-158

B. Definitions 159-163

C. Foreigner and Outbound Schedules 164-174

D. On-site photos of IPS 175

1 Genesis of IPS

To explore is humane. For centuries human beings are traveling in pursuit of new-ness and knowledge, for pleasure and trade. This has resulted in unearthing of newlands, new cultures and great avenues for trade. The new world order has given thismovement of people in general the name ‘Tourism’.

Who is a ‘Tourist’ ? The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defines tourists aspeople who ‘travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more thantwenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year, for leisure, businessand other purposes not related to the exercise of an actively remunerated from withinthe place visited’. Persons whose duration of visit is less than twenty-four hours arecalled ‘Same day tourists’ or ‘Excursionist’ India also follows the same definition of‘Tourist’ (Refs.:Recommendations on Tourism Statistics, UN-WTO- series M no. 83,WTO, 1994).

Tourism, in recent times, has helped in developing awareness among people aboutdifferent societies, varied cultures and availability of many places of interest. Glob-alization of economy has also given a great push to tourism. Many multi-nationalcompanies are expanding their business beyond boundaries thus enhancing the move-ment of people to a great deal. This in turn has resulted into availability of attractivepackages for traveling within and outside countries. Even in India, a great number ofpeople have started traveling abroad for academics, trade and pleasure. An upwardlymobile class of people now looks towards spending its vacations in foreign countries.

Tourism is important and in some cases vital for many countries, such as France,Egypt, Greece, Lebanon, Israel, the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy,and Thailand, and many island nations, such as Mauritius, The Bahamas, Fiji, Mal-dives, Philippines and the Seychelles. It brings in large amounts of income in paymentfor goods and services available, contributing an estimated 5% to the worldwide grossdomestic product (GDP), and it creates opportunities for employment in the ser-vice industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transporta-tion services, such as airlines, cruise ships and taxicabs; hospitality services, suchas accommodations, including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such asamusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues and theaters.

Tourism Sector is a major generator of employment. As a highly labor intensiveactivity, tourism and tourism support activities create a high proportion of employ-ment and career opportunities for low skilled and semi-skilled workers, particularlyfor poor, female and young workers. The share of women labor force in tourism sectoris 70% and half of all tourism workers are aged 25 years or less (Refs.: United NationsConference on trade and development,2010)

Infrastructure for tourism is essential for its development globally. Connectivity totourist places, availability of hotels, food and local transport are some of the requisitesfor developing tourism in a country. Different countries have invested on developinginfrastructure in their countries and thus have boosted their economy. This increase ininfrastructure spending has resulted in making modern tourism a key driver of socio-economic growth through creation of jobs and enterprizes, infrastructure developmentand export revenues earned. As an internationally traded service, inbound tourismhas become one of the major trade categories globally. The overall export incomegenerated by inbound tourism, including passenger transport, exceeded US$ 1 trillionin 2010, or close to US$ 3 billion a day (Refs.: 2010 International Tourism resultsand Prospects for 2011, UNWTO, 2011.). Tourism exports account for around 30% ofworld’s export of commercial services and 6% of overall exports of goods and services.

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For many developing countries tourism is one of the main sources of foreign exchangeincome and the number one export category, creating much needed employment andopportunities for development (Refs.: 2010 Tourism Report, UNWTO, 2011). Inover 150 countries tourism is one of the five top export earners, and in 60 it is thenumber one export. Tourism is the main source of foreign exchange for one-third ofdeveloping countries and one-half of each Least Developed Countries (LDCs), whereit accounts for 40% of their GDP.

India has great potential for developing itself into a leading country for tourism.Inbound tourism in India has made steady progress in recent years. However, India’sshare of total Foreign Tourists Arrivals (FTAs) remains a modest 0.6% and we earnonly about 0.1% of our GDP through tourism. These figures are far below the po-tential India has given her unparallel cultural diversity, historical heritage and greatamount of flora and fauna.

Our government in recent years has made great efforts in this direction. TheMinistry of Tourism, Government of India, has started an ‘Incredible India’ campaignthroughout the world showcasing what India has in store for tourists. We have alsoinvested handsomely in developing the infrastructure required to absorb increasingnumber of tourists.

Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs) are essential to measure all forms of tourismin the country and thus bridging the data gap. A TSA provides for macro-economicaggregates that describe the size and the economic contribution of different forms oftourism, data on tourism consumption, how the demand is met by domestic supplyand imports and detailed production accounts of the tourism industries includinglinkages with other productive economic activities. For computing a TSA, data re-quirements include (I) data on Inbound tourism which comprises of activities of non-resident visitors within the country on inbound trips (II) Outbound tourism whichcovers activities of resident visitors outside the country as part of an outbound tripand (III) Domestic tourism which comprises of activities of resident visitors withinthe country as part of a domestic trip.

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India had on last occasion computed TSA forthe year 2002-03, wherefrom it can be noted that as per this TSA, the contribution(direct and indirect) of Tourism in the GDP and the total jobs in the country in2007-08 is estimated to be 5.92 % and 9.24 % respectively. However, much moreis required to do in this direction. The International Passenger Survey 2010-11,undertaken by Indian Statistical Institute on being approached by the Ministry ofTourism, Government of India is an effort in this direction.

Two officials from Ministry of Tourism, headed by Dr. R.N. Pandey, AdditionalDirector General, MR, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, arrived on April4th, 2008 and had a meeting with a team from Indian Statistical Institute underthe leadership of Prof. Ashis SenGupta of Applied Statistics Unit, ISI. The officialsalso met the Director, ISI and got the assurance of full co-operation. After severalmeetings, the detailed operational plan of the Survey was worked out.The Surveywas conducted with the nodal center at ISI, Kolkata. ISI utilized also its personnelat its various centers nationwide, e.g. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai andalso engaged faculty members of IIM-Ahmedabad, Bangalore University and CUSAT-Cochin.

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2 Aims and their Formalizations

After several deliberations among ISI team members from April to June 2008, Prof.Ashis SenGupta finally visited New Delhi on July 1 on an invitation from Ministry ofTourism to discuss the modalities of the survey with the officials along with a draftproposal about the estimated cost of the survey. Consequent to elaborate discussionswith the officials from Ministry of Tourism, the formal plan and budget of the Surveywere finalized.

The aims or data requirements formulated by Ministry of Tourism were as follow-ing:

• Demographic, economic and social profile of foreign and NRI tourists visitingIndia.

• Number of foreign tourists and NRI s visiting India.

• Number of outbound Indian resident tourists.

• Market segmentation analysis.

• Average duration of stay of foreign and NRI tourists in India.

• Experience and views of tourists on tourism infrastructure and services in thecountry.

• Motivational factors responsible for attracting tourist to India.

• The detailed expenditure pattern of foreign as well as NRI tourists visiting In-dia on various tourism products such as accommodation, food and beveragesservices, passenger transport, travel agencies, tour operators and tourist guideservices, transport equipment on rental, cultural services, recreation and otherentertainment services and other tourism related products and services, includingexpenditure on package tours.

• Value of non-monetary tourism transaction acquired from the residents on non-residents.

• Expenditure pattern of outbound Indian resident tourists up to the point of exitfrom the country.

The primary objective of this survey was to collect data on various aspects offoreign and NRI tourists- particularly, their demographic and social profile, their ex-penditure pattern in India, their places of interest in India and their contribution tothe India’s foreign exchange kitty.

It was proposed to focus on the following issues only during the course of mainsurvey:

• Demographic, economic and social profile of foreign and NRI tourists visitingIndia.

• Volume of foreign tourists and NRI s visiting India.

• Market segmentation analysis.

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• Average duration of stay of foreign and NRI tourists in India.

• Experience and views of tourists on tourism infrastructure and services in thecountry.

• Motivational factors responsible for attracting tourist to India.

• The detailed expenditure pattern of foreign as well as NRI tourists visiting In-dia on various tourism products such as accommodation, food and beveragesservices, passenger transport, travel agencies, tour operators and tourist guideservices, transport equipment on rental, cultural services, recreation and otherentertainment services and other tourism related products and services, includingexpenditure on package tours.

• Value of non-monetary tourism transaction acquired from the residents on non-residents.

3 Idealized Sampling Plans

To achieve the aims and objectives detailed in the foregoing section, a sample offoreign tourists and NRI was surveyed at the airports, sea-ports and land check-posts. Also, to obtain information on outbound Indians, another sample of outboundIndians was surveyed at the above exit points. Sampling schemes were accordinglydevised.

The target population is a mobile one. Recall visits cannot be made also. Further,it is impossible to get a precise sampling frame of the passengers. The flow of passen-gers is also not uniform and further, depends on the exit points. It is thus transparentthat a homogeneous Poisson process cannot be used to model the flow. Each day wasthus attempted to be stratified into mutually exhaustive and mutually exclusive timeperiods, such that the intensity parameter remains same within each zone but variesover the zones. In certain cases of sparse zones, this facilitated the sampling to beconfined to the meaningful zones only. Allocations were done on a daily basis for theselected dates and sampling within the demarcated zones was enhanced. This led tothe idealized aggregate allocations as presented below.

Sampling design

Multi-stage sampling design for each of three stratums, namely international air-ports, sea-ports and land check-posts is adopted to cover this survey.

Airports :

At the first stage, Six Mandatory airports: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore,Dabolim (Goa) and Kolkata are selected. Apart from those, 3 minor internationalairports are selected with Rao, Hartley and Cochran’s (RHC, 1962) celebrated schemeout of 17 airports with the total number of persons leaving India as per 2006 recordsas size measure. Those 3 selected airports are given below.

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Table IS 1. Three Airports Selected through Rao, Hartley andCochran’s Sampling Scheme

Sr Airport State Forei- Sample Indians Sample # #daysNo. /UT gners Size (2006) Size wks /wk

(2006)1 Hyderabad A.P. 82209 972 461616 273 8 32 Ahmedabad Gujarat 52867 625 95714 56 8 33 Kochi Kerala 59287 700 591236 349 8 3Total 194363 2297 1148566 678

Table IS 2. Six Mandatory Airports

Sr Airport State Forei- Sample Indians Sample # #daysNo. /UT gners Size (2006) Size wks /wk

(2006)1 Delhi Delhi 1405052 13994 1764264 2785 12 52 Mumbai Maharastra 1066020 10617 2368115 3739 12 53 Chennai Tamilnadu 428558 4268 1039973 1642 12 54 Bangalore Karnataka 224084 2232 369508 583 12 55 Dabolim Goa 177011 1763 24846 39 8 56 Kolkata W.Bengal 125498 1250 232219 367 12 5Total 3426223 34124 5798925 9155

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Land Check posts :

At the first stage, Four Mandatory Land check posts: Haridaspur (West Bengal),Attari Rail (Punjab), Sonauli (Nautanwa, Uttar Pradesh) and Raxual (Bihar) areselected. Apart from those, 2 more land check posts are selected with RHC (1962)scheme out of 25 land check posts with the total number of persons leaving India asper 2006 records as size measure. Those 2 selected land check posts are given below.

Table IS 3. Two Land Check Posts Selected through Rao, Hartleyand Cochran’s Sampling Scheme

Sr Land Check State Forei- Sample Indians Sample # #daysNo. Post /UT gners Size (2006) Size wks /wk

(2006)1 Ghojadanga W.Bengal 16998 69 3053 13 4 32 Munabao Rajasthan 6400 26 8503 37 4 3Total 23398 95 11556 50

Table IS 4. Four Mandatory Land Check Posts

Sr Land Check State Forei- Sample Indians Sample # #daysNo. post /UT gners Size (2006) Size wks /wk

(2006)1 Haridaspur W.Bengal 286551 2759 36005 48 12 52 Attari Rail Punjab 35511 342 36495 49 8 33 Sonauli UP 19993 192 0 0 4 34 Raxual Bihar 1267 12 0 0 2 2Total 343322 3305 72500 97

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Survey Methodology for selected exit points

For Airports:

Major international Airports: To perform this survey, the 12 months periodfrom February, 2010 to January, 2011 will be divided in 4 stratums of time periods.From each time stratum, a random number of weeks will be chosen by RHC schemewith weekly number of outgoing passengers in 2008 whichever is available. The samplesizes will be as follows :–

3 weeks from February, 2010 - April, 2010 (3 months).3 weeks from May, 2010 - July, 2010 (3 months).3 weeks from August, 2010 - October, 2010 (3 months).3 weeks from November, 2010 - January, 2011 (3 months).

For any sampled week, 5 days out of 7 days will be chosen by SRSWOR. For thesampled days in a particular stratum, entire time schedules of all international flightsand total number of persons booked for leaving India during that week will be neededbeforehand. Those information should be stratified by number of foreigners, NRI’sand outbound Indians for each flight, if possible.

For the selected day, a suitably determined number of sample of total number oftourists leaving in that particular day will be surveyed. Yearly quota of total samplesize for a particular exit point will be subdivided to weekly quota as proportionateto the weekly total traffic volume. Similarly weekly quota of total sample size for aparticular exit point will be distributed to daily quota as proportionate to the dailytotal traffic volume. Each selected day will be subdivided into 4 time slots of 6-hourseach. Tourists from each of these 4 time slots will be surveyed after their boardingpass.

Dabolim (Goa) and other selected airports :

Dabolim (Goa), Hyderabad (AP), Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Kochi (Ker-ala): In all the above four stratums of time periods, a random number of weeks(8=2+2+2+2 weeks) will be selected. Then within the chosen weeks, a random num-ber of days (3 days) will be selected for survey.

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For Sea Ports :

Mumbai Sea-port: Out of the 12 selected weeks for Mumbai airport, 4 weeks willbe chosen randomly for Mumbai sea-port. Then within the chosen week, a randomnumber of days (2 days) will be selected for carrying out survey.

Kochi Sea-port : Dividing the entire survey year into two stratums of time periods,a random number of weeks (4=2+2 weeks) and then within the chosen weeks, arandom number of days (2 days) will be selected for survey.

Port Blair Sea-port : 2 weeks out of 52 weeks will be selected for survey andthen within the chosen weeks, a random number of days (3 days) will be selected forsurvey.

For two other selected sea ports Kakinada and Chennai : A random periods ofweeks (2 weeks out of 52 weeks) will be selected by RHC scheme and then within thechosen weeks, a random number of days (2 days) in each season will be selected forsurvey.

For Land Check Posts :

Haridaspur (WB) : Within each of 4 stratums of time periods in the entire surveyyear, a random number of weeks will be selected by RHC scheme exactly as in thecase of Major International airports. Within each selected week, randomly 5 dayswill be selected by SRSWOR. Then in a selected day, a random sample of touristswill be surveyed following as in the same procedure of main airports.

Attari Rail (Punjab): A random number of weeks (8 = 2+2+2+2 weeks) andthen within the chosen weeks, a random number of days (3 days) in each season willbe selected for survey.

Sonauli (UP): Dividing the entire survey year into two stratums of time periods, arandom number of weeks (4=2+2 weeks) and then within the chosen weeks, a randomnumber of days (3 days) in each season will be selected for survey.

Raxual (Bihar): A random number of weeks (2 weeks out of 52 weeks) will beselected first and then within the chosen weeks, a random number of days (2 days)in each season will be selected for survey.

Two other selected Land Check posts : Ghojadanga (West Bengal) and Muna-bao (Rajasthan): Dividing the entire survey year into two stratums of time periods,a random number of weeks (4=2+2 weeks) will be selected first and then within thechosen weeks, a random number of days (3 days) in each season will be selected forsurvey.

4 Force Majeure and Realized Sampling

“Chance, change,....- to these every man and every plan is subjected” - a phrase similarto a famous saying. IPS was no exception. Bomb blasts, snow storms, bird and swineflues, ash clouds from volcanic eruptions and not the least, human insurgencies andunrests, played havoc during the initially targeted survey period. Their was non-cooperation too - we could not get to sample in the Delhi airport after only a fraction

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of the allocated number was met. Similarly, at Goa airport, we were not given accessto interview even a single passenger.

Due to sparse sample sizes and irregular and infrequent departure schedules, it wasdecided that sea ports will not be included in this IPS.

The above constraints and changes resulted in the need for developing ”compro-mise” sampling strategies, which would still attempt to closely approximate the effi-ciency and optimality of the estimates and designs. The achieved allocation resultsare displayed in the tables below. We also give details and rigorous formulae used toobtain the estimates as also those which could be used to obtain the variance of theestimates in the Appendix. To our knowledge to date such variances and coefficientof variations as given here have not been presented in any national survey of the scaleof IPS.

Sampling design (modified)

Multi-stage sampling design for international airports and land check-posts isadopted to cover this survey.

Airports :

At the first stage, the major international airports: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Ban-galore, and Kolkata are selected mandatorily. Apart from those, 3 more internationalairports namely Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Kochi are selected with Rao, Hart-ley and Cochran’s (RHC, 1962) celebrated scheme from the remaining internationalairports with the total number of persons leaving India as per 2006 records as sizemeasure.

Land Check Posts :

At the first stage, Haridaspur (West Bengal), Attari (Punjab), Sonauli (Nautanwa,Uttar Pradesh) are selected mandatorily. Apart from those, 2 more land check postsnamely Ghojadanga and Munabao are selected with RHC (1962) scheme out of theremaining land check posts with the total number of persons leaving India as per2006 records as size measure.

Survey Methodology for Selected Exit Ports

Major ports: To perform this survey, the 12 months period from February,2010 to January, 2011 is divided in 4 stratums of time periods. From each timestratum, several weeks are selected by Midzuno (1952)’s scheme with weekly numberof outgoing passengers in 2008 as size measures.

st1 : Stratum 1: February, 2010 - April, 2010 (3 months).st2 : Stratum 2: May, 2010 - July, 2010 (3 months).st3 : Stratum 3: August, 2010 - October, 2010 (3 months).st4 : Stratum 4: November, 2010 - January, 2011 (3 months).

For any sampled week, several days out of 7 days are chosen by SRSWOR. In asampled day, the passengers are interviewed at random, but not the same person wasinterviewed more than once.

For the selected day, a suitably determined number of tourists are surveyed. Yearlyquota of total sample size for a particular exit point is subdivided to weekly quota

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as proportionate to the weekly total traffic volume as per record in 2008. Similarlyweekly quota of total sample size for a particular exit point is distributed to dailyquota as proportionate to the daily total traffic volume as per the same record.

Minor ports: For minor ports, the entire survey year is divided into two timestratums, or for very small ports the entire survey year is considered as the whole.Then a few weeks are selected within that time stratum and the rest are same.

Table RS 1. Three Airports Selected through Rao, Hartley andCochran’s Sampling Scheme

Sr Airport State Forei- Sample Actual Indians Sample ActualNo. /UT gners Size Filled (2006) Size Filled

(2006) in in1 Hyderabad A.P. 82209 972 1559 461616 273 2862 Ahmedabad Gujrat 52867 625 581 95714 56 543 Kochi Kerala 59287 700 327 591236 349 401Total 194363 2297 2467 1148566 678 741

Table RS 2. Mandatory Airports

Sr Airport State Forei- Sample Actual Indians Sample ActualNo. /UT gners Size Filled (2006) Size Filled

(2006) in in1 Delhi Delhi 1405052 13994 6798 1764264 2785 15862 Mumbai Maharastra 1066020 12380 15674 2368115 3778 38743 Chennai Tamilnadu 428558 4268 1915 1039973 1642 12474 Bangalore Karnataka 224084 2232 4639 369508 583 5995 Kolkata W.Bengal 125498 1250 7114 232219 367 957Total 3249212 34124 36140 5798925 9155 8263

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Table RS 3. Two Land Check posts Selected through Rao,Hartley and Cochran’s Sampling Scheme

Sr Land Check State Forei- Sample Actual Indians Sample ActualNo. Post /UT gners Size Filled (2006) Size Filled

(2006) in in1 Ghojadanga W.Bengal 16998 69 32 3053 13 52 Munabao Rajasthan 6400 26 79 8503 37 52Total 23398 95 111 11556 50 57

Table RS 4. Mandatory Land Check posts

Sr Land Check State Forei- Sample Actual Indians Sample ActualNo. post /UT gners Size Filled (2006) Size Filled

(2006) in in1 Haridaspur W.Bengal 286551 2759 1650 36005 48 782 Attari Punjab 35511 342 96 36495 49 03 Sonauli UP 19993 204 208 0 0 0Total 342055 3305 1954 72500 97 78

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5 Repeat Surveys: Forced and Unforced Errors

Due to the unexpected and unforeseen events, sampling was constrained leading toshortfalls in several ports. Further, casualties in terms of unsatisfactory scheduleswere expected. Under this backdrop, repeat surveys were conducted to boost theactual number of interviews to the targeted one. The achieved allocation is given inthe Table RS 1, RS 2, RS 3 and RS 4 of previous section.

6 Lot Quality Sampling for Error Reduction

To reduce errors in the tabulated data, detailed procedures were adopted. At theentry level, both manual and program-based checks were enforced. After the datawere entered, again manual and program-based checks were conducted. The formerfollowed the principle of Lot Quality Acceptance sampling, invoking as little as 10%sampling for rejection (i.e. re-checking) of the entire lot. Programs were updated andmodified to also accommodate true peculiarities found in the data.

7 Packages Developed and Accessed for Data and Error Analyses

To reduce errors and maintain homogeneity, programs and a data entry package weredeveloped by some members of the IPS team at ISI. These enabled error checksto a large degree. These further provided routines such that one and multi-waytables could be constructed. Such tables were constructed as per the requirement ofMoT and are attached herewith. Additionally, the software R was used for statisticalcomputations. We also accessed Arc GIS for visual presentation of Spatial Informationthrough several maps as displayed below.

Accuracy of an estimator is of prime importance. A measure of this accuracy is thusmandatory. However, to our knowledge, possibly due to complicated formulae, suchmeasures have not been so far reported in Indian passenger surveys. In this respect,the present report makes a maiden attempt to present such important measures, interms of standard error and coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation (inpercentage) of any estimated total is defined as (Standard error of the total / Estimateof the total) x 100. The smaller the value of the coefficient of variation, more accurateis the estimator. Table ER 1 presents the standard errors and coefficients of variationof total number of tourists visiting India by ports of exit. Due to sparse sample size,when considered within each category, values for smaller ports (e.g., Attari, Sonauli,Ghojadanga and Munabao) are unreliable and hence are omitted.

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Table ER 1. Standard Error and Coefficient of Variation of Number ofTourist Visiting India by Ports of Exit and Category of Tourists

Port NRI Foreigner PIOTotal S.E. C.V.(%) Total S.E. C.V.(%)

Delhi 442834 59299.17 13.39 596868 33686.65 5.64Mumbai 25622 5264.27 20.55 29032 8552.45 29.46Chennai 179933 14636.67 8.13 105715 14062.04 13.30Bangalore 49361 5885.30 11.92 33825 5543.63 16.39Kolkata 7425 1059.41 14.27 7650 1277.08 16.69Hyderabad 81646 7101.03 8.70 9246 3344.30 36.17Ahmedabad 10793 3663.47 33.94 20320 4705.77 23.16Kochi 53111 8995.13 16.94 16133 7248.71 44.93Haridaspur 1696 766.95 45.21 15591 8521.98 54.66India 1148232 344556.00 30.01 917284 48158.79 5.25

Table ER 1. (Contd.) Standard Error and Coefficient of Variation ofNumber of Tourist Visiting India by Ports of Exit and Category of

Tourists

Port Foreigner Others All(NRI+Foreigner PIO+Foreigner Others)Total S.E. C.V.(%) Total S.E. C.V.(%)

Delhi 1190427 83168.74 6.99 2230130 59318.32 2.66Mumbai 1174955 28923.38 2.46 1229609 28511.67 2.32Chennai 259331 23254.56 8.97 544979 40843.17 7.49Bangalore 323153 14218.04 4.40 406340 17253.87 4.25Kolkata 244668 8896.39 3.64 259742 8479.34 3.26Hyderabad 124560 10721.01 8.61 215453 6211.06 2.88Ahmedabad 81531 9093.18 11.15 112644 11653.55 10.35Kochi 80791 17773.97 22.00 150036 14775.33 9.85Haridaspur 224843 11048.10 4.91 242130 9884.54 4.08India 4538392 487893.20 10.75 6603896 832422.00 12.61

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8 Major Findings: Averages and Extremes

We consider two distinct groups of international passengers: (1) NRIs, PIOs, andother Foreign nationals/residents (e.g. Work Permit/Green Card holders and residentof a country different from the passenger’s nationality) to be collectively termed‘International Visitors’ and (2) Outbound Indian nationals.

Tables have been constructed for each of the above two groups for both Sampledata, depicted by ‘S’ in the table number and also for the estimated population underconsideration. Since the former tables are solely data based, conclusions can be di-rectly made from those related only to the samples. We place these tables at the endof the corresponding subsections. The estimated tables are of prime interest. The‘Multipliers’ of such tables required ‘Base values’, i.e. emigration figures for each dayat each port where the survey was conducted. Such input data as deemed properby MoT for these base values were supplied by them to us. Due to the importanceof these tables, we elucidate below some features which we felt of significance andnote-worthy for each such table in its respective category.

Notes:

1. It was observed from the tables that samples at Ahmedabad, Haridaspur andGhojadanga were quite homogeneous within their respective groups. So, to in-crease the efficiency of the estimators, smaller sample sizes could be allocated tothese ports and the remaining ones could be allocated to the ports embracinghigher variability in the data composition.

2. The ranks allocated for the qualitative characteristics differed greatly and henceinference therefrom should be made cautiously.

3. Non-response and outliers were within the tolerable range of 5%.

1. Spatio-Demographic Characteristics:

Table 1(a),(b),(c),(d) give estimated number and percentage distribution of NRI,Foreigner PIO, Foreigner Others and All Tourists by country of normal residence. Asexpected, the group ‘Foreigner Others’ with 68.72 % contributed most while ‘NRI’with 17.39 % and ‘Foreigner PIO’ with 13.89% lagged far behind. Among all countries,USA contributed most with 13.31 % followed by UK with 9.14 %.

Table 2(a),(b),(c),(d) give estimated percentage distribution of NRI,Foreigner PIO,Foreigner Others and All Tourists by mode of travel. As expected, an estimated 91.13% of visitors used ‘Air’ as their mode of travel while 8.87 % used ‘Land’ for travel.In case of ‘Land’ mode of travel, ‘Bangladesh’ topped the list.

Table 3(a),(b),(c),(d) give estimated percentage distribution of NRI,Foreigner PIO,Foreigner Others and All Tourists by gender. It shows that around 2/3 of all visitorswere male while only around 1/3 were females.

Table 4 gives estimated number of visitors by age group (in Thousands). It showsthat maximum number of visitors belonged to age group 41-60 while the youngergroups 18-30 with 1700.76 and 31-40 with 2194.06 also contributed significantly.Nopassenger in the age group 0-17 was interviewed and hence are not included in Table4.

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Table 5 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by marital status. Itshows that an estimated 70.36 % of the visitors were ‘Currently-Married’ while 23.40% were ‘Not-Married’.

Table 6 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by education level. Itshows that a major chunk of visitors was fairly educated with ‘Graduates’ being 50.69% and ‘Post-Graduates and above’ being 31.44 %.

Table 7 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by occupation. The ‘selfemployed’ visitors contributed most with 30.22 % while visitors in ‘Private-service’were second best with 18.46 %.

Table 8 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by household incomegroup. As expected, ‘Middle Income Group’ topped the list with 69.75 % of visitorsbelonging to this group while only a meagre 3.61 % belonged to ‘Lower Income Group’and a fairly significant 26.65 % belonged to ‘Higher Income Group’.

16

Table 1(a). Estimated Number and Percentage Distribution ofNRI Visitors by Country of Normal Residence (in Thousands)

NRICountry of Number PercentageNormal ResidenceUnited Arab Emirates 235.09 3.56United States of America 234.48 3.55Malaysia 185.55 2.81Others 147.26 2.23China 64.50 0.98Singapore 60.07 0.91Saudi Arabia 51.41 0.78United Kingdom 48.36 0.73Japan 42.82 0.65Sri Lanka 16.15 0.24Russia 10.62 0.16Australia 10.56 0.16Thailand 10.35 0.16Canada 10.06 0.15France 8.13 0.12New Zealand 6.51 0.10Germany 6.08 0.09Bangladesh 4.20 0.06Italy 1.78 0.03South Korea 0.75 0.01All Countries 1148.23 17.39

17

Table 1(b). Estimated Number and Percentage Distribution ofForeigner PIO Visitors by Country of Normal Residence (in Thousands)

Foreigner PIOCountry of Number PercentageNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 116.20 1.76South Korea 89.05 1.35China 70.92 1.07United Kingdom 69.62 1.05Sri Lanka 57.24 0.87New Zealand 56.08 0.85France 55.27 0.84Malaysia 53.19 0.81Russia 46.92 0.71United Arab Emirates 45.78 0.69Germany 44.35 0.67Bangladesh 39.39 0.60Singapore 22.30 0.34Thailand 17.99 0.27Japan 13.91 0.21Pakistan 9.21 0.14Canada 8.30 0.13Australia 6.43 0.10Saudi Arabia 5.99 0.09Italy 2.75 0.04Others 142.49 1.31All Countries 917.28 13.89

18

Table 1(c). Estimated Number and Percentage Distribution ofForeigner Others Visitors by Country of Normal Residence (in

Thousands)

Foreigner OthersCountry of Number PercentageNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 528.32 8.00United Kingdom 485.33 7.35Bangladesh 390.44 5.91United Arab Emirates 316.84 4.80Germany 307.75 4.66France 210.17 3.18Pakistan 185.96 2.82Malaysia 174.95 2.65Australia 172.75 2.62Singapore 160.95 2.44Thailand 100.12 1.52Sri Lanka 97.16 1.47Italy 88.24 1.34China 83.33 1.26Japan 80.54 1.22Canada 79.83 1.21Russia 56.72 0.86Saudi Arabia 34.59 0.52New Zealand 27.93 0.42South Korea 23.47 0.36Others 932.99 14.13All Countries 4538.39 68.72

19

Table 1(d). Estimated Number and Percentage Distribution ofAll Foreigners by Country of Normal Residence (in Thousands)

All ForeignersCountry of Number PercentageNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 879.00 13.31United Kingdom 603.31 9.14United Arab Emirates 597.71 9.05Bangladesh 434.03 6.57Malaysia 413.69 6.26Germany 358.18 5.42France 273.57 4.14Singapore 243.32 3.68China 218.75 3.31Pakistan 195.16 2.96Australia 189.74 2.87Sri Lanka 170.56 2.58Japan 137.27 2.08Thailand 128.46 1.95Russia 114.25 1.73South Korea 113.29 1.72Canada 98.19 1.49Italy 92.75 1.40Saudi Arabia 91.99 1.39New Zealand 90.52 1.37Others 1160.16 17.58All Countries 6603.90 100.00

20

Table 2(a). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofNRI Visitors by Mode of Travel

NRICountry of Air LandNormal ResidenceUnited Arab Emirates 3.56 0.00United States of America 3.55 0.00Malaysia 2.81 0.00China 0.98 0.00Singapore 0.91 0.00Saudi Arabia 0.78 0.00United Kingdom 0.73 0.00Japan 0.65 0.00Sri Lanka 0.24 0.00Australia 0.16 0.00Thailand 0.16 0.00Russia 0.16 0.00Canada 0.15 0.00France 0.12 0.00New Zealand 0.10 0.00Germany 0.09 0.00Bangladesh 0.04 0.03Italy 0.03 0.00South Korea 0.01 0.00Others 2.13 0.00All Countries 17.36 0.03

21

Table 2(b). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner PIO Visitors by Mode of Travel

Foreigner PIOCountry of Air LandNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 1.76 0.00South Korea 1.35 0.00China 1.07 0.00United Kingdom 1.05 0.00Sri Lanka 0.87 0.00New Zealand 0.85 0.00France 0.84 0.00Malaysia 0.81 0.00Russia 0.71 0.00United Arab Emirates 0.69 0.00Germany 0.67 0.00Bangladesh 0.16 0.44Singapore 0.34 0.00Thailand 0.27 0.00Japan 0.21 0.00Pakistan 0.10 0.04Canada 0.13 0.00Australia 0.10 0.00Saudi Arabia 0.09 0.00Italy 0.04 0.00Others 1.30 0.00All Countries 13.41 0.48

22

Table 2(c). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner Others Visitors by Mode of Travel

Foreigner OthersCountry of Air LandNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 7.99 0.02United Kingdom 7.33 0.02Bangladesh 0.75 5.16United Arab Emirates 4.80 0.00Germany 4.64 0.02France 3.15 0.03Pakistan 0.07 2.75Malaysia 2.65 0.00Australia 2.61 0.00Singapore 2.44 0.00Thailand 1.51 0.00Sri Lanka 1.39 0.08Italy 1.33 0.00China 1.24 0.02Japan 1.21 0.02Canada 1.20 0.02Russia 0.85 0.00Saudi Arabia 0.52 0.00New Zealand 0.42 0.00South Korea 0.33 0.03Others 13.92 0.20All Countries 60.35 8.37

23

Table 2(d). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofAll Foreigners by Mode of Travel

All ForeignersCountry of Air LandNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 13.30 0.02United Kingdom 9.11 0.02United Arab Emirates 9.05 0.00Bangladesh 0.95 5.62Malaysia 6.26 0.00Germany 5.41 0.02France 4.11 0.03Singapore 3.68 0.00China 3.29 0.02Pakistan 0.17 2.79Australia 2.87 0.00Sri Lanka 2.50 0.08Japan 2.07 0.02Thailand 1.94 0.00Russia 1.73 0.00South Korea 1.69 0.03Canada 1.47 0.02Italy 1.40 0.00Saudi Arabia 1.39 0.00New Zealand 1.37 0.00Others 17.37 0.20All Countries 91.13 8.87

24

Table 3(a). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofNRI Visitors by Gender

NRICountry of % Male %FemaleNormal ResidenceUnited Arab Emirates 3.05 0.51United States of America 2.33 1.22Malaysia 1.91 0.90China 0.87 0.11Singapore 0.73 0.18Saudi Arabia 0.66 0.12United Kingdom 0.51 0.22Japan 0.61 0.04Sri Lanka 0.20 0.04Australia 0.12 0.04Russia 0.15 0.01Canada 0.13 0.03Thailand 0.14 0.01France 0.10 0.02Germany 0.07 0.02New Zealand 0.01 0.08Bangladesh 0.06 0.01Italy 0.01 0.02South Korea 0.01 0.00Others 1.46 0.68All Countries 13.13 4.26

25

Table 3(b). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner PIO Visitors by Gender

Foreigner PIOCountry of % Male %FemaleNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 1.54 0.22South Korea 1.33 0.01China 0.26 0.82United Kingdom 0.93 0.12Sri Lanka 0.67 0.20New Zealand 0.01 0.84France 0.74 0.10Malaysia 0.61 0.19Russia 0.02 0.69United Arab Emirates 0.55 0.15Germany 0.08 0.59Bangladesh 0.57 0.03Singapore 0.25 0.09Thailand 0.15 0.12Japan 0.17 0.04Pakistan 0.10 0.04Canada 0.07 0.05Australia 0.06 0.04Saudi Arabia 0.07 0.01Italy 0.03 0.01Others 1.02 0.30All Countries 9.23 4.66

26

Table 3(c). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner Others Visitors by Gender

Foreigner OthersCountry of % Male %FemaleNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 5.45 2.55United Kingdom 4.58 2.77United Arab Emirates 3.99 0.81Bangladesh 5.03 0.88Malaysia 1.87 0.78Germany 2.01 2.65France 1.67 1.52Singapore 1.70 0.74China 0.95 0.31Pakistan 2.10 0.71Australia 1.48 1.14Sri Lanka 1.04 0.43Japan 0.89 0.33Thailand 0.98 0.54Russia 0.42 0.43South Korea 0.27 0.08Canada 0.72 0.49Italy 1.05 0.28Saudi Arabia 0.45 0.07New Zealand 0.36 0.06Others 9.32 4.82All Countries 46.33 22.39

27

Table 3(d). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofAll Foreigners by Gender

All ForeignersCountry of % Male %FemaleNormal ResidenceUnited States of America 9.32 3.99United Kingdom 6.02 3.12United Arab Emirates 7.58 1.47Bangladesh 5.65 0.92Malaysia 4.39 1.88Germany 2.16 3.26France 2.51 1.63Singapore 2.68 1.00China 2.08 1.24Pakistan 2.20 0.75Australia 1.66 1.21Sri Lanka 1.91 0.67Japan 1.67 0.41Thailand 1.27 0.68Russia 0.60 1.13South Korea 1.62 0.10Canada 0.92 0.57Italy 1.09 0.31Saudi Arabia 1.19 0.20New Zealand 0.38 0.99Others 11.79 5.78All Countries 68.69 31.31

28

Table 4. Estimated Number of Visitorsby Age Group (in Thousands)

Age Group* NRI Foreigner Foreigner Total(in Year) PIO Others18-30 249.28 251.36 1200.12 1700.7631-40 419.01 293.90 1481.15 2194.0641-60 385.19 358.59 1657.38 2401.1561-65 85.30 9.11 136.46 230.86Above 65 9.45 4.32 63.28 77.07All Visitors 1148.23 917.28 4538.39 6603.90

*No passenger in the age group 0-17 years was interviewed and hence this age groupis not included in Table 4.

*‘Running age’ is noted, i.e. current age equal to age last completed birth date(LBD) plus one.

29

Table

5.

Est

imate

dP

erc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Mari

tal

Sta

tus

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

Cou

ntr

yof

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

edD

ivor

ced/

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

edD

ivor

ced/

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edU

nit

edSta

tes

0.51

3.02

0.01

0.01

0.70

1.05

0.01

0.01

ofA

mer

ica

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

100.

600.

000.

030.

130.

910.

000.

01U

nit

edA

rab

0.29

3.24

0.02

0.01

0.08

0.56

0.02

0.04

Em

irat

esB

angl

ades

h0.

010.

060.

000.

000.

160.

430.

000.

00M

alay

sia

0.12

2.01

0.01

0.67

0.18

0.61

0.01

0.00

Ger

man

y0.

020.

070.

000.

000.

040.

620.

010.

01F

rance

0.03

0.08

0.00

0.02

0.03

0.80

0.00

0.01

Sin

gap

ore

0.13

0.77

0.00

0.01

0.05

0.27

0.00

0.02

Chin

a0.

790.

190.

000.

000.

110.

960.

000.

01P

akis

tan

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.11

0.01

0.00

Aust

ralia

0.05

0.11

0.00

0.00

0.04

0.05

0.00

0.01

Sri

Lan

ka0.

080.

170.

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110.

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630.

000.

000.

050.

160.

010.

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hai

land

0.01

0.14

0.00

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0.22

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0.01

Russ

ia0.

010.

010.

000.

140.

020.

680.

000.

00Sou

thK

orea

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.56

0.79

0.00

0.00

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ada

0.02

0.13

0.00

0.00

0.04

0.09

0.00

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Ital

y0.

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010.

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010.

020.

000.

02Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.19

0.58

0.00

0.00

0.03

0.06

0.00

0.00

New

Zea

land

0.00

0.10

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.84

0.00

0.00

Oth

ers

0.72

1.35

0.04

0.03

0.53

0.74

0.01

0.03

All

Cou

ntr

ies

3.13

13.2

60.

080.

912.

9010

.71

0.09

0.19

31

Table

5.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dP

erc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Mari

tal

Sta

tus

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cou

ntr

yof

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

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ced/

Nev

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yW

idow

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ced/

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edM

arri

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arri

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arat

edU

nit

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1.95

4.35

0.22

1.48

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Unit

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194.

730.

110.

322.

436.

230.

110.

36U

nit

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rab

0.74

3.90

0.09

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0.12

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Em

irat

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angl

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114.

740.

050.

011.

285.

230.

050.

01M

alay

sia

0.50

2.08

0.03

0.04

0.81

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0.05

0.71

Ger

man

y0.

963.

390.

120.

191.

024.

080.

120.

20F

rance

1.12

1.85

0.06

0.16

1.17

2.73

0.06

0.18

Sin

gap

ore

0.55

1.78

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0.09

0.73

2.82

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Chin

a0.

310.

910.

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011.

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050.

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akis

tan

0.51

2.27

0.03

0.00

0.53

2.38

0.05

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Aust

ralia

0.88

1.63

0.04

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0.97

1.79

0.05

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Sri

Lan

ka0.

251.

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020.

442.

030.

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an0.

500.

710.

000.

010.

571.

490.

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hai

land

0.49

0.99

0.02

0.03

0.54

1.35

0.02

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Russ

ia0.

360.

440.

010.

040.

391.

140.

010.

19Sou

thK

orea

0.10

0.25

0.00

0.01

0.67

1.04

0.00

0.01

Can

ada

0.44

0.68

0.01

0.08

0.50

0.89

0.01

0.08

Ital

y0.

220.

520.

040.

560.

240.

550.

040.

58Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.08

0.45

0.00

0.00

0.30

1.09

0.00

0.00

New

Zea

land

0.08

0.34

0.01

0.00

0.08

1.28

0.01

0.00

Oth

ers

4.03

9.27

0.20

0.63

5.28

11.3

60.

240.

69A

llC

ountr

ies

17.3

746

.39

1.16

3.80

23.4

070

.36

1.33

4.91

32

Table 6. Estimated Percentage Distributionof Visitors by Education Level

Educational NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalStatus PIO OthersIlliterate 0.02 0.05 0.84 0.90Below Primary 0.02 0.09 0.50 0.60Primary 0.02 0.03 0.78 0.83Middle 0.04 0.02 1.42 1.48Secondary 0.09 0.33 1.86 2.28Higher Secondary 1.63 1.87 6.46 9.96Graduate 8.36 7.86 34.48 50.69Postgraduate 6.76 3.47 21.21 31.44and aboveOthers 0.46 0.17 1.18 1.80Total 17.39 13.89 68.72 100.00

Table 7. Estimated Percentage Distributionof Visitors by Occupation

Occupation NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Industrialist/Trader/ 2.01 1.92 5.43 9.36Shop OwnerSelf Employed 6.13 3.33 20.77 30.22ProfessionalGovernment Service 0.78 1.72 2.46 4.96Private Service 3.29 1.42 13.74 18.46Student/Researcher 1.01 2.35 5.93 9.30Business Person 1.84 1.06 10.48 13.38Agriculturist 0.78 0.16 1.71 2.65Housewife 0.92 1.35 3.25 5.52Others 0.63 0.57 4.95 6.15All Visitors 17.39 13.89 68.72 100.00

Table 8. Estimated Percentage Distributionof Visitors by Household Income Group

Income NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalGroup PIO OthersLIG 0.22 0.28 3.10 3.61MIG 13.88 11.81 44.06 69.75HIG 3.29 1.80 21.56 26.65Total 17.39 13.89 68.72 100.00

33

2. Travel Pattern

Table 9 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by port of entry inIndia. Delhi airport was the most preferred port of entry for visitors with 32.60 % ofthem entering India through it. For ‘Foreigner others’, Mumbai airport was the mostpreferred port of entry while most preferred port of entry for ‘NRI’ and ‘ForeignerPIO’ was Delhi airport.

Table 10 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by travel pattern. Itis seen that 57.66 % of the visitors traveled individually while 24.12 % traveled ‘withfamily’ and 18.21 % traveled in group.

Table 11 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by number of accom-panying family persons. It shows that 75.89 % of the visitors traveling with ‘Family’traveled only with one companion. The percentage of visitors traveling with ‘Family’decreases with increase in number of accompanying persons.

Table 12(a),(b),(c),(d) give estimated percentage distributions with purpose of visitby age and cross classified with respect to type of visitors. For each purpose, themaximum percentage (in terms of visitors) is presented in bold.

Table 13 gives estimated number (in thousand) and average duration of stay (indays) at last place of night halt (LPNH). The estimated average duration of stay inIndia was 11 days approximately.

Table 14 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by number of previousvisits. It shows that majority of the visitors (68.72 %) came to India for the first timewhile for 19.61 % of visitors it was the second visit to India.

Table 15 gives estimated percentage propensity of visitors availing package tours.It shows that visitors from Germany availed package tours most among all pack-age travelers. Overall, among all the visitors, around 7.67 % of visitors traveled onpackage.

34

Table

9.

Est

imate

dN

um

ber(

inT

housa

nd)

and

Perc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Port

of

Entr

yin

India

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Por

tof

Entr

yN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geD

elhi

Air

por

t44

3.48

6.72

584.

788.

8511

24.7

417

.03

2153

.00

32.6

0M

um

bai

Air

por

t39

.09

0.59

57.8

00.

8812

93.4

319

.59

1390

.32

21.0

5H

yder

abad

Air

por

t34

4.50

5.22

70.5

51.

0747

7.15

7.23

892.

1913

.51

Chen

nai

Air

por

t13

5.34

2.05

85.8

81.

3026

3.75

3.99

484.

977.

34K

olka

taA

irp

ort

57.3

10.

8733

.76

0.51

257.

083.

8934

8.15

5.27

Ban

galo

reA

irp

ort

41.9

30.

6324

.89

0.38

242.

983.

6830

9.81

4.69

Har

idas

pur

Lan

d2.

200.

0316

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0.25

267.

074.

0428

5.53

4.32

Ahm

edab

adA

irp

ort

15.7

50.

2417

.86

0.27

148.

922.

2518

2.53

2.76

Munab

aoL

and

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

173.

622.

6317

3.62

2.63

Koch

iA

irp

ort

53.7

70.

813.

590.

0598

.93

1.50

156.

292.

37G

hoja

dan

gaL

and

0.00

0.00

13.1

70.

2011

5.11

1.74

128.

281.

94R

axual

Lan

d8.

090.

120.

820.

0111

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0.17

20.1

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31A

mri

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Air

por

t2.

350.

040.

000.

0014

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0.22

16.5

90.

25A

ttar

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ail

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d0.

000.

002.

760.

049.

510.

1412

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0.19

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tB

lair

Sea

0.14

0.00

0.27

0.00

6.92

0.10

7.33

0.11

Dab

olim

Air

por

t1.

010.

020.

160.

004.

420.

075.

590.

08Son

auli

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d0.

000.

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000.

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430.

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430.

04Jai

pur

Air

por

t0.

000.

000.

110.

001.

780.

031.

890.

03T

riva

ndru

mA

irp

ort

0.56

0.01

0.00

0.00

1.30

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1.86

0.03

Oth

ers

2.72

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4.62

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23.7

70.

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0.47

All

Por

ts11

48.2

317

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917.

2813

.89

4538

.39

68.7

266

03.9

010

0.00

35

Table

10.

Est

imate

dP

erc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Tra

vel

Patt

ern

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sC

ountr

yof

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceU

nit

edSta

tes

1.78

1.74

0.03

0.34

0.12

1.30

4.90

1.26

1.85

ofA

mer

ica

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

550.

170.

020.

940.

080.

044.

711.

331.

31U

nit

edA

rab

2.68

0.83

0.05

0.49

0.15

0.05

3.02

1.50

0.27

Em

irat

esB

angl

ades

h0.

030.

030.

000.

340.

260.

003.

791.

780.

34M

alay

sia

1.34

1.44

0.03

0.50

0.25

0.06

1.65

0.72

0.28

Ger

man

y0.

050.

030.

010.

070.

580.

022.

290.

461.

92F

rance

0.08

0.04

0.00

0.73

0.08

0.03

1.86

0.76

0.56

Sin

gap

ore

0.55

0.33

0.03

0.19

0.09

0.06

1.61

0.43

0.41

Chin

a0.

100.

100.

780.

200.

040.

840.

910.

160.

19P

akis

tan

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.08

0.04

0.02

0.78

2.03

0.01

Aust

ralia

0.13

0.02

0.01

0.07

0.01

0.02

1.21

0.78

0.63

Sri

Lan

ka0.

170.

050.

020.

390.

430.

060.

920.

280.

27Jap

an0.

060.

020.

560.

170.

010.

030.

920.

140.

16T

hai

land

0.13

0.02

0.00

0.13

0.11

0.03

1.06

0.22

0.23

Russ

ia0.

150.

010.

010.

690.

000.

010.

580.

090.

19Sou

thK

orea

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.58

0.76

0.02

0.26

0.04

0.05

Can

ada

0.09

0.05

0.01

0.10

0.02

0.01

0.68

0.31

0.22

Ital

y0.

020.

010.

000.

030.

000.

000.

500.

090.

74Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.54

0.22

0.02

0.07

0.01

0.01

0.32

0.18

0.02

New

Zea

land

0.01

0.09

0.00

0.09

0.00

0.75

0.25

0.12

0.05

Oth

ers

1.36

0.70

0.08

0.85

0.21

0.25

8.59

2.29

3.25

All

Cou

ntr

ies

9.82

5.91

1.66

7.03

3.24

3.61

40.8

214

.96

12.9

4

36

Table 10.(Contd.)Estimated Percentage Distributionof Visitors by Travel Pattern

TotalCountry of Individual Family GroupNormal ResidenceUnited States 7.02 3.11 3.18of AmericaUnited Kingdom 6.19 1.58 1.36United Arab 6.19 2.49 0.37EmiratesBangladesh 4.16 2.06 0.35Malaysia 3.49 2.41 0.37Germany 2.40 1.07 1.95France 2.67 0.88 0.59Singapore 2.35 0.84 0.49China 1.21 0.30 1.80Pakistan 0.85 2.07 0.03Australia 1.41 0.81 0.66Sri Lanka 1.47 0.76 0.35Japan 1.15 0.17 0.76Thailand 1.32 0.36 0.27Russia 1.42 0.10 0.21South Korea 0.85 0.80 0.06Canada 0.88 0.38 0.23Italy 0.55 0.10 0.75Saudi Arabia 0.93 0.41 0.05New Zealand 0.35 0.22 0.80Others 10.80 3.20 3.58All Countries 57.66 24.12 18.21

37

Table 11. Estimated Percentage Distribution ofVisitors by Family Persons

Family Persons NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

1 11.48 10.64 53.77 75.892 2.72 1.87 8.2 12.793 1.66 0.43 2.86 4.954 1.00 0.28 2.19 3.475 0.23 0.59 0.65 1.476 0.12 0.04 0.25 0.417 0.17 0.00 0.69 0.868 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.119 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.0110 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01More than 10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03Total 17.39 13.89 68.72 100.00

Table 12(a). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofNRI Visitors with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

NRIPurpose of Visit

Age Group Business Holidaying Social Religious Education Health(in Years) Leisure Activities Training Medical

Recreation18-30 0.27 1.58 1.34 0.15 0.12 0.0731-40 0.73 1.35 3.12 0.15 0.18 0.0941-60 0.56 2.31 2.59 0.12 0.02 0.0761-65 0.01 1.18 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00Above 65 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00Total 1.59 6.49 7.16 0.42 0.32 0.23

38

Table 12(a)(Contd.). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofNRI Visitors with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

NRIPurpose of Visit

Age Group Shopping Games Job on Invited Others Total(in Years ) Sports Foreign by India

Deputation18-30 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.09 3.7731-40 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.60 0.04 6.3641-60 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.10 5.8361-65 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.29Above 65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.14Total 0.01 0.08 0.14 0.68 0.27 17.39

Table 12(b). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner PIO Visitors with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

Foreigner PIOPurpose of Visit



39

Table 12(b)(Contd.). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner PIO Visitors with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

Foreigner PIOPurpose of Visit



Table 12(c). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner Others Visitors with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

Foreigner OthersPurpose of Visit



40

Table 12(c)(Contd.). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofForeigner Others Visitors with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

Foreigner OthersPurpose of Visit



Table 12(d). Estimated Percentage Distribution ofAll Foreigners with Purpose of Visit by Age Group

All ForeignersPurpose of Visit



All ForeignersPurpose of Visit



41

Table

13.

Est

imate

dN

um

ber

(in

Thousa

nd)

and

Avera

ge

Dura

tion

of

Sta

y(i

nD

ays)

at

Last

Pla

ceof

Nig

ht

Halt

(LP

NH

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

LP

NH

Num

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

Num

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

ofSta

yof

Sta

yN

ewD

elhi(

DL

)20

0.89

7.68

211.

466.

35M

um

bai

(MH

)34

.32

8.08

37.3

813

.01

Hyder

abad

(AP

)26

7.92

17.3

632

.51

15.2

4B

enga

luru

(KA

)48

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9.66

66.2

57.

67C

hen

nai

(TN

)14

0.05

23.3

169

.03

13.7

2K

olka

ta(W

B)

11.0

212

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21.8

16.

89K

och

i(K

L)

137.

4510

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29.7

07.

81A

hm

edab

ad(G

J)

14.2

88.

1935

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10.8

1G

urg

aon(H

R)

4.39

9.51

91.1

317

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Nor

th24

Pgs

(WB

)0.

675.

8013

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15.8

1Jai

pur(

RJ)

76.8

12.

0312

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2.23

Am

rits

ar(P

B)

50.5

18.

0051

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Pan

aji

(GA

)1.

055.

243.

4117

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Agr

a(U

P)

0.32

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51.2

51.

06C

han

dig

arh

10.0

96.

3347

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5.63

Udai

pur(

RJ)

36.0

71.

0038

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1.26

Jodhpur(

RJ)

0.09

4.00

0.10

2.91

Pune(

MH

)2.

4215

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1.74

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la(H

P)

0.04

8.00

36.8

75.

99L

uck

now

(UP

)36

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5.15

0.62

1.62

Oth

ers

47.1

13.

4131

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3.05

All

Pla

ces

1121

.09

11.9

088

4.21

8.41

42

Table

13.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dN

um

ber

(in

Thousa

nd)

and

Avera

ge

Dura

tion

of

Sta

y(i

nD

ays)

at

Last

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ceof

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ht

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(LP

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For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

LP

NH

Num

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

Num

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

ofSta

yof

Sta

yN

ewD

elhi(

DL

)75

1.01

7.01

1163

.36

7.01

Mum

bai

(MH

)99

7.74

8.18

1069

.44

8.35

Hyder

abad

(AP

)42

7.71

16.3

372

8.14

16.6

6B

enga

luru

(KA

)32

2.81

9.48

437.

829.

23C

hen

nai

(TN

)21

8.50

12.4

042

7.58

16.1

9K

olka

ta(W

B)

370.

588.

5540

3.40

8.56

Koch

i(K

L)

211.

767.

2537

8.90

8.34

Ahm

edab

ad(G

J)

185.

4910

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234.

9710

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Gurg

aon(H

R)

111.

867.

2520

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11.8

1N

orth

24P

gs(W

B)

171.

4313

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185.

5813

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Jai

pur(

RJ)

54.0

85.

2014

3.18

3.25

Am

rits

ar(P

B)

16.8

55.

8311

9.36

5.61

Pan

aji

(GA

)11

0.49

8.21

114.

958.

45A

gra(

UP

)56

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1.85

108.

361.

48C

han

dig

arh

42.8

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100.

8419

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Udai

pur(

RJ)

22.4

25.

9596

.67

2.25

Jodhpur(

RJ)

96.3

656

.91

96.5

556

.81

Pune(

MH

)53

.91

11.0

058

.07

11.2

8Shim

la(H

P)

13.1

83.

1250

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5.24

Luck

now

(UP

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449

.12

6.91

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ers

257.

649.

0233

6.60

10.5

2A

llP

lace

s45

05.0

710

.78

6510

.37

10.6

5

43

Table 14. Estimated Percentage Distributionof Visitors by Number of Previous Visits

No of Visits NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Not Visited 9.96 8.46 50.30 68.72EarlierVisited Once 4.34 2.79 12.49 19.61Visited Twice 1.73 1.69 3.62 7.04Visited Thrice 1.06 0.10 1.13 2.30Visited Four 0.13 0.80 0.45 1.38TimesVisited Five 0.05 0.01 0.20 0.26TimesVisited More Than 0.12 0.04 0.53 0.69Five TimesTotal 17.39 13.89 68.72 100.00

44

Table 15. Estimated Percentage Propensity of VisitorsAvailing Package Tours by Country of Normal Residence

Country of NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalNormal Residence PIO OthersGermany 0.00 0.55 0.55 1.10United Kingdom 0.22 0.01 0.58 0.81United States 0.04 0.03 0.65 0.72of AmericaItaly 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.59United Arab 0.05 0.07 0.35 0.46EmiratesThailand 0.00 0.09 0.28 0.37France 0.00 0.01 0.34 0.35Iran 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26Singapore 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.26Sri Lanka 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.23Australia 0.00 0.01 0.22 0.23Malaysia 0.00 0.04 0.18 0.22Japan 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.18Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16Belgium 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15Canada 0.00 0.01 0.13 0.14Bangladesh 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.10Saudi Arabia 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.08Mauritius 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08Netherlands 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.08Others 0.04 0.05 1.01 1.10All Countries 0.43 1.00 6.24 7.67

45

3. Expenditure DetailsTable 16 gives percentage distribution of visitors by type of within India package

tour availed and average cost by type of package (in Lakh). It shows that the mostavailed within India package type was ‘Travel,Food,Accommodation,’ availed by 51.36% of visitors at an average cost of Rs. 12,581.

Table 17(a),(b),(c) and (d) give estimated average cost(in Million INR) and dura-tion of stay (in Day) by country of normal residence for NRI,Foreigner PIO,ForeignerOthers and All Tourists for package travelers respectively.It is seen that for visitorstraveling to India on package tour, the average duration of stay was 20 days approx-imately at an average cost of Rs. 0.137 million.

Table 18(a),(b),(c) and (d) give estimated average cost(in Million INR) and dura-tion of stay (in Day) by country of normal residence for NRI,Foreigner PIO,ForeignerOthers and All Tourists for package travelers respectively. It is seen that for visi-tors traveling to India without a package, the average duration of stay was 19 daysapproximately at an average cost of Rs. 0.093 million.

Table 19 gives estimated component - wise break - up of package cost for ‘NRI’(average cost in INR , other components in percentage of average cost). It showsthat ‘NRI’ spent on an average Rs.0.071 million on package for traveling to India,the highest average cost among ‘NRI’ package travelers being Rs. 0.169 million for‘NRI’s from USA.

Table 20 gives estimated component - wise break - up of package cost for ‘ForeignerPIO’ (average cost in INR , other components in percentage of average cost). It showsthat ‘Foreigner PIO’ spent on an average Rs. 0.098 million on package for travelingto India, the highest average cost being Rs. 0.373 million for those coming from UKfollowed by Rs. 0.348 million for those from Spain.

Table 21 gives estimated component - wise break - up of package cost for ‘Foreignerothers’ (average cost in INR , other components in percentage of average cost). Itis seen that ‘Foreigner others’ spent on an average Rs. 0.145 million on package fortraveling to India, the highest average cost being Rs. 0.470 million for those fromBahamas.Among the remaining “Important Countries” which are important sourcemarket of India,‘Foreigner others’ coming from Spain spent maximum (Rs. 0.208million) average cost on package for traveling to India,followed by Rs. 0.182 millionfor those coming from UK.

Table 22 gives estimated component-wise break-up of package cost for all tourists(average cost in INR ,other components in percentage of average cost).It shows thatpackage travelers spent on an average Rs. 0.137 million on package for traveling toIndia, the highest average cost being Rs. 0.470 million for those from Bahamas.Amongthe remaining “Important Countries” which are important source market of India, alltourists coming from Switzerland spent maximum (Rs. 0.111 million) average coston package for traveling to India,followed by Rs. 0.107 million for those coming fromAustralia.

Table 23 gives estimated average expenditure of visitors availing within India pack-age (in INR). It shows that the average cost of within India package was Rs. 40597,the highest Rs. 45272 being for ‘NRI’ followed by Rs. 43142 for ‘Foreigner others’.For non-package items the average expenditure was Rs. 61715, the highest Rs. 92548being for ‘Foreigner others’ followed by Rs. 59156 for ‘NRI’.

Table 24 gives estimated average expenditure of visitors not availing within Indiapackage (in INR). It shows that the average expenditure within India was Rs. 50047,the highest Rs. 54452 being for ‘Foreigner PIO’ followed by Rs. 53408 for ‘Foreignerothers’ and Rs. 36847 for ‘NRI’.

46

Table 16. Percentage Distribution of Visitors by Type of PackageTour Availed and Average Cost by Type of Package(in INR)

NRI Foreigner PIOType of Package Percent Average Cost Percent Average Cost

in INR in INRNone 0.07 0 0.00 0Travel 0.00 0 0.00 0Food 15.86 261 11.71 7,341Accommodation 0.06 7,000 0.16 22,758Local Sight Seeing 0.00 0 0.09 9,865Transport 0.06 10,000 0.10 4,398Any Other 0.04 5,250 0.07 9,161Travel+Food 0.30 4,682 0.64 6,141Travel+Food+ 12.52 19,504 7.56 10,033AccommodationTravel+Food+ 3.29 23,679 1.08 8,727Accommodation+TransportTotal 32.21 7,812 21.41 8,587

Table 16.(Contd.)Percentage Distribution of Visitors by Type of PackageTour Availed and Average Cost by Type of Package(in INR)

Foreigner Others TotalType of Package Percent Average Cost Percent Average Cost

in INR in INRNone 0.26 2,017 0.33 1,692Travel 0.33 9,030 0.33 9,030Food 5.82 2,261 33.39 2,434Accommodation 0.72 26,427 0.94 24,791Local Sight Seeing 0.97 7,108 1.06 7,348Transport 0.82 6,203 0.98 6,243Any Other 0.52 16,532 0.63 14,994Travel+Food 2.28 2,097 3.22 2,917Travel+Food+ 31.28 11,235 51.36 12,581AccommodationTravel+Food+ 3.39 36,256 7.76 27,522Accommodation+TransportTotal 46.38 11,966 100.00 9,835

47

Table 17(a). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of

Normal Residence for NRI for Package travelers

NRICountry of Normal Residence Average

Cost DurationUnited States of America# 0.169 27.02United Arab Emirates# 0.088 6.59United Kingdom# 0.065 3.3Sri Lanka# 0.047 18.84Saudi Arabia 0.031 19.12Mauritius 0.030 20Other* - -Total 0.071 7.93

# List of “Important Countries” which are important source market of India compriseof USA, UK, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Canada, Germany, France, Malaysia, Australia,Japan, Russia, China, Singapore, Nepal, Korea, Thailand Spain, Pakistan, Switzer-land, UAE, and New Zealand.

* Information from no other country including “Important Countries” were avail-able.

48

Table 17(b). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of

Normal Residence for Foreigner PIO for PackageTravelers

Foreigner PIOCountry of Normal Residence Average

Cost DurationUnited Kingdom# 0.373 10.38Spain# 0.348 29.00India 0.236 745.00Canada# 0.227 12.00Germany# 0.200 12.00China# 0.199 7.95United Arab Emirates# 0.135 26.04United States of America# 0.118 11.88Thailand# 0.110 6.16Algeria 0.088 21.00Japan# 0.080 10.00Netherlands 0.075 16.50Singapore 0.063 15.27France# 0.033 10.00Bangladesh# 0.029 18.51Malaysia 0.026 65.73Other* - -Total 0.098 32.64

# List of “Important Countries” which are important source market of India compriseof USA, UK, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Canada, Germany, France, Malaysia, Australia,Japan, Russia, China, Singapore, Nepal, Korea, Thailand Spain, Pakistan, Switzer-land, UAE, and New Zealand.


49

Table 17(c). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of

Normal Residence for Foreigner Others forPackage Travelers

Foreigner Others

Country of Normal Residence Average

Top 20 Cost Duration

Bahamas 0.470 30.00

New Zealand# 0.377 16.30

Netherlands Antilles 0.345 30.67

Ethiopia 0.340 56.00

Philippines 0.310 9.00

Iraq 0.301 37.64

Afghanistan 0.300 21.51

Kenya 0.296 29.20

Sweden 0.290 13.85

Denmark 0.285 37.43

Cuba 0.280 51.00

Italy 0.279 30.96

Greece 0.274 55.73

Austria 0.261 23.36

Burma 0.260 37.00

Finland 0.245 29.64

Great Britain 0.236 33.12

Ukraine 0.235 28.31

Albania 0.230 50.00

Colombia 0.230 17.00

Remaining “Important Countries”


Cost Duration

Spain 0.208 27.82

Germany 0.171 23.38

Canada 0.146 19.45

United Arab Emirates 0.145 15.98

Bangladesh 0.142 18.01

United States of America 0.139 32.11

France 0.139 19.95

Thailand 0.133 18.97

Sri Lanka 0.129 17.85

Singapore 0.126 22.02

Switzerland 0.111 17.96

Australia 0.107 17.19

Malaysia 0.101 15.22

Korea, South 0.094 15.72

Japan 0.093 12.98

China 0.086 12.46

Nepal 0.070 81.61

Pakistan 0.050 4.00

Others of remaining countries 0.140 19.24

Total 0.145 20.63

For # List of “Important Countries”, see footnote of Table 17(a).

50

Table 17(d). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of

Normal Residence for All Tourists forPackage Travelers

All Tourists



Bahamas 0.470 30.00

New Zealand# 0.377 16.30

Netherlands Antilles 0.345 30.67

Ethiopia 0.340 56.00

Philippines 0.310 9.00

Iraq 0.301 37.64

Afghanistan 0.300 21.51

Kenya 0.296 29.20

Sweden 0.290 13.85

Denmark 0.285 37.43

Cuba 0.280 51.00

Italy 0.279 30.96

Greece 0.274 55.73

Austria 0.261 23.36

Burma 0.260 37.00

Finland 0.245 29.64

India 0.236 745.00


Ukraine 0.235 28.31

Albania 0.230 50.00



Cost Duration

Spain 0.213 27.90

Germany 0.171 23.36

Canada 0.149 18.90


United Kingdom 0.139 10.81




France 0.112 19.08



China 0.100 11.69

Korea, South 0.094 15.72

Japan 0.093 12.93

Sri Lanka 0.086 18.09


Nepal 0.070 81.61

Pakistan 0.050 4.00


Total 0.137 20.05


51

Table 18(a). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country ofNormal Residence for NRI for Non Package

Travelers

NRI



Japan# 0.414 12.25

Mali 0.313 72.17

Belgium 0.313 36.96

Nauru 0.300 63.00

Spain# 0.256 11.90

Israel 0.232 37.88

Italy 0.222 77.08

Fiji 0.200 42.00

Nigeria 0.200 31.00

Denmark 0.190 13.61

Bermuda 0.187 6.82

Bahrain 0.171 25.90

Burma 0.170 20.00

Kuwait 0.154 22.25

Syria 0.154 9.00

Laos 0.150 19.00

Vietnam 0.146 25.19

Barbados 0.142 32.00

Australia# 0.141 67.25

Ukraine 0.139 5.00



Cost Duration

Canada 0.082 40.72


New Zealand 0.074 11.22


China 0.069 3.35



Sri Lanka 0.060 16.02



Nepal 0.037 17.46


Total 0.078 17.33


52

Table 18(b). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country ofNormal Residence for Foreigner PIO for Non

Package Travelers

Foreigner PIO



Portugal 0.571 43.93

Peru 0.550 16.00

Korea, South# 0.461 46.16

Vietnam 0.380 30.00

Ireland 0.377 36.82

Uruguay 0.363 30.00

Russia# 0.353 7.77

Serbia 0.325 8.00

Mali 0.295 198.62

France# 0.286 20.11

Czech Republic 0.260 24.74

Denmark 0.220 15.66

Bulgaria 0.220 29.00

Canada# 0.214 29.93

Spain# 0.206 17.00

Finland 0.206 18.93

British Indian Ocean Territory 0.200 7.00


United Kingdom# 0.192 8.94

Jamaica 0.188 28.63



Cost Duration




Japan 0.145 15.50


Pakistan 0.119 19.90


Germany 0.100 16.76


Korea, North 0.091 10.11

China 0.074 11.26



Sri Lanka 0.044 13.83

Nepal 0.044 12.92


”Others of remaining countries” 0.089 23.62

Total 0.140 18.99


53

Table 18(c). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of

Normal Residence for Foreigner Others for NonPackage Travelers

Foreigner Others



Niger 0.700 26.00

Nicaragua 0.544 16.88

Comoros 0.400 14.00

Cyprus 0.370 7.00

Isle of Man 0.304 33.10

Monaco 0.300 15.00

Libya 0.295 19.85

Falkland Islands 0.280 20.00

Greenland 0.270 15.59

French Polynesia 0.256 35.20

San Marino 0.255 36.83

Luxembourg 0.246 12.82

Malawi 0.232 21.00

Wallis and Futuna Islands 0.228 10.57

Botswana 0.227 13.97

Somalia 0.222 14.52

Greece 0.218 25.71

Paraguay 0.217 25.80

Bermuda 0.216 10.49

Samoa (Western) 0.205 40.00



Cost Duration

Spain 0.104 13.93

Japan 0.100 27.19



China 0.094 11.77





Sri Lanka 0.086 14.53




Nepal 0.046 14.35




Total 0.089 18.88


54

Table 18(d). Estimated Average Cost (in Million INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of

Normal Residence for All Tourists for NonPackage Travelers

All Tourists



Niger 0.700 26.00

Nicaragua 0.544 16.88

Comoros 0.400 14.00

Portugal 0.378 34.40

Cyprus 0.370 7.00

Peru 0.343 10.62

Korea, South# 0.320 34.89

Monaco 0.300 15.00

Falkland Islands 0.280 20.00

Greenland 0.270 15.59

Libya 0.266 17.23

French Polynesia 0.256 35.20

San Marino 0.255 36.83

Malawi 0.232 21.00

Nauru 0.232 51.88

Wallis and Futuna Islands 0.228 10.57

Botswana 0.227 13.97

Somalia 0.222 14.52

Greece 0.218 25.71

Paraguay 0.217 25.80



Cost Duration

France 0.144 22.76


Canada 0.115 27.74

Spain 0.107 14.00








China 0.081 9.18


Sri Lanka 0.066 14.42


Nepal 0.044 14.54




Total 0.093 18.60


55

Table

19.

Est

imate

dC

om

ponent

wis

eB

reak

up

of

Pack

age

Cost

of

NR

I(A

vera

ge

Cost

inM

illion

INR

,O

ther

Com

ponents

inP

erc

enta

ge

of

Avera

ge

Cost

)

NR

IC

ountr

yof

Res

iden

ceA

vera

geT

rave

lfr

omL

oca

lT

ransp

ort

Sig

ht

seei

ng

Acc

omm

odat

ion

Food

Oth

erT

otal

order

ed*

Cos

tst

art

toen

din

India

inIn

dia

Unit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

0.16

933

.33

11.3

11.

3122

.50

1.99

29.5

610

0.00

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

065

62.7

33.

2210

.54

12.8

210

.43

0.26

100.

00U

nit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es0.

088

71.0

12.

701.

0119

.29

3.63

2.36

100.

00Sri

Lan

ka0.

047

17.3

438

.40

0.29

9.46

16.3

818

.14

100.

00Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.03

112

.13

15.1

92.

6959

.41

10.5

80.

0010

0.00

Mau

riti

us

0.03

083

.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

16.6

710

0.00

Tot

al0.

071

50.1

39.

905.

9416

.05

8.63

9.35

100.

00

*F

orco

untr

ies

wit

hav

aila

ble

info

rmat

ion.

56

Table

20.

Est

imate

dC

om

ponent

wis

eB

reak

up

of

Pack

age

Cost

of

Fore

igner

PIO

(Avera

ge

Cost

inM

illion

INR

,O

ther

Com

ponents

inP

erc

enta

ge

of

Avera

ge

Cost

)

For

eign

erP

IOC

ountr

yof

Res

iden

ceA

vera

geC

ost

Tra

vel

from

Loca

lT

ransp

ort

Acc

omm

odat

ion

Food

Oth

erT

otal

order

ed*

star

tto

end

inIn

dia

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

373

74.2

14.

955.

613.

788.

7710

0.00

Spai

n0.

348

17.8

735

.71

5.36

35.7

10.

0010

0.00

India

0.23

616

.95

21.6

142

.37

6.36

0.00

100.

00C

anad

a0.

227

88.1

11.

763.

523.

960.

0010

0.00

Ger

man

y0.

200

10.0

01.

500.

002.

5086

.00

100.

00C

hin

a0.

199

3.98

10.2

712

.13

6.85

58.6

810

0.00

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es0.

135

18.6

06.

7913

.99

10.3

844

.82

100.

00U

nit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

0.11

811

.43

10.3

838

.96

21.8

72.

3710

0.00

Thai

land

0.11

038

.35

26.6

516

.21

4.54

13.2

610

0.00

Alg

eria

0.08

817

.00

1.13

45.3

313

.88

0.00

100.

00Jap

an0.

080

0.00

31.2

568

.75

0.00

0.00

100.

00N

ether

lands

0.07

50.

000.

0031

.79

5.77

62.4

410

0.00

Sin

gap

ore

0.06

330

.58

14.4

328

.17

15.6

30.

4910

0.00

Fra

nce

0.03

317

.99

9.00

3.60

4.50

62.2

210

0.00

Ban

glad

esh

0.02

934

.74

15.2

418

.29

12.1

60.

0010

0.00

Mal

aysi

a0.

026

23.5

610

.15

13.5

318

.41

28.3

010

0.00

Tot

al0.

098

27.8

28.

2317

.82

10.9

328

.29

100.

00

*F

orco

untr

ies

wit

hav

aila

ble

info

rmat

ion.

57

Table 21. Estimated Component wise Break up of Package Cost ofForeigner Others (Average Cost in Million INR, Other Components in

Percentage of Average Cost)

Foreigner Others

Country of Residence Average Cost Travel from Local Transport Sight seeingTop 20 start to end in India in India

Bahamas 0.470 14.89 10.64 0.00

New Zealand# 0.377 9.93 4.74 2.74

Netherlands Antilles 0.345 16.85 9.73 1.73

Ethiopia 0.340 5.88 14.71 0.00

Philippines 0.310 0.00 3.23 0.00

Iraq 0.301 2.28 5.37 0.39

Afghanistan 0.300 0.00 22.22 9.73

Kenya 0.296 19.01 16.26 0.47

Sweden 0.290 0.00 17.14 24.59

Denmark 0.285 6.72 10.08 3.36

Cuba 0.280 0.00 17.86 0.00

Italy 0.279 10.08 7.66 4.29

Greece 0.274 25.04 12.72 0.34

Austria 0.261 19.01 14.10 6.13

Burma 0.260 30.77 7.69 0.00

Finland 0.245 5.41 9.61 1.88

Great Britain 0.236 0.00 12.09 0.99

Ukraine 0.235 20.36 6.38 10.96

Albania 0.230 21.74 10.87 2.17

Colombia 0.230 0.00 13.04 0.00


Spain 0.208 66.41 0.64 28.46

United Kingdom 0.182 26.45 12.22 5.70

Germany 0.171 17.32 13.87 8.70

Canada 0.146 27.89 12.08 7.45

United Arab Emirates 0.145 41.39 6.21 5.63

Bangladesh 0.142 19.07 15.21 16.79

United States of America 0.139 16.64 13.93 9.32

France 0.139 18.86 16.51 6.95

Thailand 0.133 9.25 14.19 4.58

Sri Lanka 0.129 12.25 10.76 4.74

Singapore 0.126 14.48 13.14 7.77

Switzerland 0.111 14.16 15.54 11.11

Australia 0.107 11.85 14.85 12.03

Malaysia 0.101 19.79 17.47 6.80

Korea, South 0.094 14.76 6.33 1.03

Japan 0.093 22.26 15.89 11.25

China 0.086 18.05 18.87 9.52

Nepal 0.070 7.78 5.84 2.08

Pakistan 0.050 0.00 10.00 0.00

Others of remaining countries 0.139 19.31 11.62 4.87

Total 0.145 19.68 12.57 7.30


58

Table 21.(Contd.) Estimated Component wise Break up ofPackage Cost of Foreigner Others (Average Cost in Million INR,

Other Components in Percentage of Average Cost)

Foreigner Others

Country of Residence Average Cost Accommodation Food Other TotalTop 20

Bahamas 0.470 63.83 10.64 0.00 100.00

New Zealand# 0.377 71.73 10.87 0.00 100.00

Netherlands Antilles 0.345 59.34 8.24 4.11 100.00

Ethiopia 0.340 58.82 14.71 5.88 100.00

Philippines 0.310 96.77 0.00 0.00 100.00

Iraq 0.301 78.65 6.58 6.73 100.00

Afghanistan 0.300 65.28 2.77 0.00 100.00

Kenya 0.296 43.22 21.05 0.00 100.00

Sweden 0.290 37.79 12.69 7.80 100.00

Denmark 0.285 71.35 8.49 0.00 100.00

Cuba 0.280 71.43 10.71 0.00 100.00

Italy 0.279 44.16 8.85 24.96 100.00

Greece 0.274 47.82 14.07 0.00 100.00

Austria 0.261 46.85 13.91 0.00 100.00

Burma 0.260 38.46 3.85 19.23 100.00

Finland 0.245 81.43 1.67 0.00 100.00

Great Britain 0.236 56.74 12.52 17.66 100.00

Ukraine 0.235 36.16 11.91 14.24 100.00

Albania 0.230 43.48 21.74 0.00 100.00

Colombia 0.230 65.22 21.74 0.00 100.00


Spain 0.208 3.52 0.96 0.00 100.00

United Kingdom 0.182 30.24 8.89 16.49 100.00

Germany 0.171 50.25 8.57 1.28 100.00

Canada 0.146 43.46 6.75 2.37 100.00

United Arab Emirates 0.145 10.35 4.55 31.87 100.00

Bangladesh 0.142 33.38 15.55 0.00 100.00

United States of America 0.139 45.01 11.37 3.74 100.00

France 0.139 39.71 13.01 4.96 100.00

Thailand 0.133 55.29 10.49 6.20 100.00

Sri Lanka 0.129 55.34 13.37 3.54 100.00

Singapore 0.126 51.95 9.85 2.81 100.00

Switzerland 0.111 46.24 11.66 1.28 100.00

Australia 0.107 40.30 10.95 10.03 100.00

Malaysia 0.101 42.46 10.25 3.23 100.00

Korea, South 0.094 19.21 1.54 57.13 100.00

Japan 0.093 36.42 11.47 2.73 100.00

China 0.086 33.50 9.83 10.23 100.00

Nepal 0.070 60.63 11.17 12.50 100.00

Pakistan 0.050 70.00 20.00 0.00 100.00

Others of remaining countries 0.139 48.42 10.19 5.60 100.00

Total 0.145 43.43 9.44 7.59 100.00


59

Table 22. Estimated Component wise Break up of Package Cost of(NRI + Foreigner PIO + Foreigner Others)(Average Cost in Million

INR, Other Components in Percentage of Average Cost)

All Tourists

Country of Residence Average Cost Travel from Local Transport Sight seeingTop 20 start to end in India in India

Bahamas 0.470 14.89 10.64 0.00

New Zealand# 0.377 9.93 4.74 2.74


Ethiopia 0.340 5.88 14.71 0.00

Philippines 0.310 0.00 3.23 0.00

Iraq 0.301 2.28 5.37 0.39

Afghanistan 0.300 0.00 22.22 9.73

Kenya 0.296 19.01 16.26 0.47

Sweden 0.290 0.00 17.14 24.59

Denmark 0.285 6.72 10.08 3.36

Cuba 0.280 0.00 17.86 0.00

Italy 0.279 10.08 7.66 4.29

Greece 0.274 25.04 12.72 0.34

Austria 0.261 19.01 14.10 6.13

Burma 0.260 30.77 7.69 0.00

Finland 0.245 5.41 9.61 1.88

India 0.236 16.95 21.61 12.71

Great Britain 0.236 0.00 12.09 0.99

Ukraine 0.235 20.36 6.38 10.96

Albania 0.230 21.74 10.87 2.17


Switzerland 0.111 14.16 15.54 11.11

Australia 0.107 11.85 14.85 12.03

China 0.100 14.60 16.76 9.17

Korea, South 0.094 14.76 6.33 1.03

Japan 0.093 22.10 16.00 11.17

Sri Lanka 0.086 13.69 18.58 3.48

Malaysia 0.083 20.07 16.92 6.74

Nepal 0.070 7.78 5.84 2.08

Pakistan 0.050 0.00 10.00 0.00

”Others of remaining countries” 0.138 18.71 11.51 5.05

Total 0.137 21.19 12.30 7.23


60

Table 22.(Contd.) Estimated Component wise Break up of PackageCost of(NRI + Foreigner PIO + Foreigner Others) (Average Cost in

Million INR, Other Components in Percentage of Average Cost)

All Tourists

Country of Residence Average Cost Accommodation Food Other TotalTop 20

Bahamas 0.470 63.83 10.64 0.00 100.00

New Zealand# 0.377 71.73 10.87 0.00 100.00

Netherlands Antilles 0.345 59.34 8.24 4.11 100.00

Ethiopia 0.340 58.82 14.71 5.88 100.00

Philippines 0.310 96.77 0.00 0.00 100.00

Iraq 0.301 78.65 6.58 6.73 100.00

Afghanistan 0.300 65.28 2.77 0.00 100.00

Kenya 0.296 43.22 21.05 0.00 100.00

Sweden 0.290 37.79 12.69 7.80 100.00

Denmark 0.285 71.35 8.49 0.00 100.00

Cuba 0.280 71.43 10.71 0.00 100.00

Italy 0.279 44.16 8.85 24.96 100.00

Greece 0.274 47.82 14.07 0.00 100.00

Austria 0.261 46.85 13.91 0.00 100.00

Burma 0.260 38.46 3.85 19.23 100.00

Finland 0.245 81.43 1.67 0.00 100.00

India 0.236 42.37 6.36 0.00 100.00

Great Britain 0.236 56.74 12.52 17.66 100.00

Ukraine 0.235 36.16 11.91 14.24 100.00

Albania 0.230 43.48 21.74 0.00 100.00


Switzerland 0.111 46.24 11.66 1.28 100.00

Australia 0.107 40.30 10.95 10.03 100.00

China 0.100 28.27 9.10 22.10 100.00

Korea, South 0.094 19.21 1.54 57.13 100.00

Japan 0.093 36.65 11.39 2.71 100.00

Sri Lanka 0.086 42.36 14.22 7.67 100.00

Malaysia 0.083 40.26 10.87 5.14 100.00

Nepal 0.070 60.63 11.17 12.50 100.00

Pakistan 0.050 70.00 20.00 0.00 100.00

Others of remaining countries 0.138 48.57 10.64 5.52 100.00

Total 0.137 41.42 9.46 8.39 100.00


61

Table

23.E

stim

ate

dA

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gP

ack

age

wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cost

of

wit

hin

India

pack

age

Ave

rage

pac

kage

cost

45,2

7214

,687

43,1

4240

,597

Non

pack

age

com

ponent

Acc

om

modati

on

Hot

el27

,599

3972

3,87

,555

3,43

,425

Pri

vate

gues

thou

se3,

000

34,1

4266

,667

28,8

10G

ovt.

gues

thou

se0

8,00

04,

415

6,07

7D

har

msh

ala

00

7,08

77,

087

Ren

ted

hou

se0

24,0

000

24,0

00F

rien

ds

and

rela

tive

s12

,119

046

,848

40,5

97O

ther

s0

9,72

912

,804

11,4

50Sub

tota

lof

acco

mm

odat

ion

13,3

6322

,680

31,1

583

2,70

,542

Food

&dri

nk

Inth

eac

com

modat

ion

unit

5,04

728

082

,883

22,5

46O

uts

ide

acco

m.

unit

1,18

486

726

,742

10,7

62Sub-t

otal

offo

od

&dri

nk

1,70

11,

111

59,6

0625

038

Tra

nsp

ort

Rai

lway

s1,

735

11,5

006,

035

8,97

1R

oad(e

xcl

tran

spor

teq

uip

.ren

tal

4,16

07,

572

2,72

04,

660

Wat

er0

501,

390

868

Air

16,2

5017

,138

23,4

1919

,266

Tra

nsp

ort

equip

men

tsre

nta

l4,

305

248

4,29

688

3T

rave

lag

ency

serv

ices

/2,

815

1,66

711

,819

6,56

0to

ur

oper

ator

sO

ther

and

supp

orti

ng

serv

ices

1,25

030

03,

076

2,70

4Subto

tal

oftr

ansp

ort

15,0

111,

391

6,12

83,

064

62

Table

23.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dA

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gP

ack

age

wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non

pack

age

com

ponent

Shoppin

gC

loth

ing

and

garm

ents

10,0

211,

185

12,6

566,

929

Pro

cess

edfo

od

513

664

1,28

01,

227

Tob

acco

pro

duct

s25

32,

485

1,96

91,

963

Alc

ohol

951

385

3,67

81,

415

Tra

vel

rela

ted

consu

mer

goods

3,74

82,

234

741

1,49

2F

oot

war

e/le

ather

goods

2105

992

2008

1,98

3T

oile

trie

s2,

000

135

490

475

Gem

san

dje

wel

ery

etc.

53,6

322,

851

4,80

05,

357

Book

s,jo

urn

als

etc.

2,40

32,

179

1,50

61,

574

Oth

ers

3,00

06,

333

3,81

53,

848

Subto

tal

ofsh

oppin

g42

,959

4,28

614

,748

11,9

26R

ecr

eati

on,

reli

gio

ns,

cult

ura

l,sp

ort

ing

Cin

ema,

thea

ter,

amuse

men

ts60

82,

493

747

799

Entr

yfe

eto

and

other

exp.

1,00

41,

558

1,66

41,

608

atre

li.

site

sE

ntr

yfe

ean

dot

her

sex

pen

ses

297

1,05

93,

456

2,37

8at

cult

ura

lsi

tes

Sp

orti

ng

acti

vit

ies

06,

464

2,25

72,

427

Subto

tal

ofre

crea

tion

,re

ligi

ons,

954

2,22

02,

553

2,24

7cu

ltura

l,sp

orti

ng

Medic

al

and

healt

hre

late

dact

ivit

ies

Med

icin

e10

,392

1,23

21,

525

2152

Med

ical

acce

ssor

ies

200

721

4,48

44,

138

Oth

erhea

lth

rela

ted

serv

ices

187

450

4,30

531

54Subto

tal

ofm

edic

alan

dhea

lth

7,01

11,

521

2,78

82,

995

rela

ted

acti

vit

ies

63

Table

23.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dA

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gP

ack

age

wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non

pack

age

com

ponent

Oth

ers(

non

-pac

kage

s)25

06,

996

13,9

1812

,230

Tot

alav

erag

eco

stof

49,2

147,

477

92,8

5760

,031

Non

Pac

kage

com

pon

ent

Tot

alav

erag

eco

stof

59,1

568,

017

92,5

4961

,715

Pac

kage

+non

pac

kage

com

pon

ent

64

Table

24.

Est

imate

dA

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

not

Availin

gP

ack

age

wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cost

of

wit

hin

India

pack

age

Ave

rage

pac

kage

cost

12,6

6112

,747

15,6

4814

,156

Non

pack

age

com

ponent

Acc

om

modati

on

Hot

el14

,329

29,1

2828

,110

26,9

36P

riva

tegu

est

hou

se9,

358

11,4

1410

,455

10,4

60G

ovt.

gues

thou

se7,

173

23,9

557,

601

9,52

5D

har

msh

ala

2,71

08,

679

4,01

85,

859

Ren

ted

hou

se18

,493

14,3

9714

,514

14,6

51F

rien

ds

and

rela

tive

s24

,677

6,04

86,

237

9,26

9O

ther

s14

,776

9,92

220

,494

18,4

09Sub

tota

lof

Acc

omm

odat

ion

16,7

4226

,659

27,5

1326

,404

Food

&dri

nk

Inth

eac

com

modat

ion

unit

10,3

147,

492

7,97

88,

302

Outs

ide

acco

m.

unit

3,82

96,

684

5,78

45,

562

Subto

tal

ofF

ood

&dri

nk

7,21

08,

977

8,87

88,

586

Tra

nsp

ort

Rai

lway

s1,

913

3,43

02,

265

2,45

5R

oad(e

xcl

tran

spor

teq

uip

.ren

tal

4,03

76,

427

4,75

64,

846

Wat

er6,

752

975

1,88

63,

315

Air

18,4

7213

,286

15,3

9315

,368

Tra

nsp

ort

equip

men

tsre

nta

l2,

070

7,08

44,

587

4,35

0T

rave

lag

ency

serv

ices

/3,

872

7,86

36,

547

6,39

5to

ur

oper

ator

sO

ther

and

supp

orti

ng

serv

ices

1,86

02,

515

4,47

73,

931

Subto

tal

oftr

ansp

ort

6,78

512

,233

10,0

459,

712

65

Table

24.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dA

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

not

Availin

gP

ack

age

wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non

pack

age

com

ponent

Shoppin

gC

loth

ing

and

garm

ents

6,94

15,

911

5,88

96,

166

Pro

cess

edfo

od

3,40

01,

483

2,09

02,

135

Tob

acco

pro

duct

s67

42,

162

1,68

216

64.6

2A

lcoh

ol2,

475

7,03

36,

089

5,80

4T

rave

lre

late

dco

nsu

mer

goods

3,18

01,

756

2,95

22,

832

Foot

war

e/le

ather

goods

1,79

32,

032

2,23

02,

106

Toi

letr

ies

389

682

1,03

072

7G

ems

and

jew

eler

yet

c.20

,798

6,58

79,

394

11,6

75B

ook

s,jo

urn

als

etc.

1,66

096

71,

480

1,45

0O

ther

s19

,063

5,66

88,

341

9,85

4Subto

tal

ofsh

oppin

g19

,509

14,2

7912

,780

14,4

65R

ecr

eati

on,

reli

gio

ns,

cult

ura

l,sp

ort

ing

Cin

ema,

thea

ter,

amuse

men

ts1,

210

5,89

21,

908

2,49

7E

ntr

yfe

eto

and

other

exp.

1,31

83,

571

2,47

52,

397

atre

li.

site

sE

ntr

yfe

ean

dot

her

sex

pen

ses

1,58

93,

005

1,88

12,

137

atcu

ltura

lsi

tes

Sp

orti

ng

acti

vit

ies

2,33

91,

160

3,40

02,

623

Subto

tal

ofre

crea

tion

,re

ligi

ons,

2,02

06,

231

3,21

93,

466

cult

ura

l,sp

orti

ng

Medic

al

and

healt

hre

late

dact

ivit

ies

Med

icin

e3,

881

3,08

83,

617

3,62

8M

edic

alac

cess

orie

s8,

088

3,13

511

,687

10,6

20O

ther

hea

lth

rela

ted

serv

ices

5,49

25,

577

6,78

26,

612

Subto

tal

ofm

edic

alan

d5,

383

4,67

611

,237

9,54

0hea

lth

rela

ted

acti

vit

ies

66

Table

24.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dA

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

not

Availin

gP

ack

age

wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non

pack

age

com

ponent

Oth

ers(

non

-pac

kage

s)25

,304

26,2

2522

,245

23,6

18T

otal

aver

age

cost

of36

,222

53,5

0053

,090

49,5

77N

onpac

kage

com

pon

ent

Tot

alav

erag

eco

stof

36,8

4754

,452

53,4

0850

,047

Pac

kage

+non

pac

kage

com

pon

ent

67

4.Perceptions Prior to and Post Visit

Table 25 gives estimated percentage distribution of visitors by type of accommo-dation preferred. Of all the visitors, 63.5 % preferred ’Hotel’ while 22.51 % preferredto stay with ’Friends and Relatives’.

Table 26 gives estimated value of non-monetary tourism transactions (in INR). It isclear from the table that cost of ‘Gifts Given’ far exceeds the cost of ‘Gifts Received’.

Table 27 gives estimated distribution of visitors(in thousand) by perceived expec-tation level of various factors of motivation/attraction . Maximum number of ‘NRI’,‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ gave rank 1 to the factor ‘Monuments, Fortsetc’. Maximum number of ‘NRI’ gave Rank 2 to the factor ‘Hill-stations, Mountainsetc’ while maximum number of ‘Foreigner PIO’ gave this rank to the factor ‘ReligiousPlaces’. Maximum number of ‘Foreigner Others’ gave Rank 2 to the factor ‘Hill-stations, Mountains etc’. All the three groups of visitors gave Rank 3 to ‘ReligiousPlaces’. Also, maximum number of ‘Foreigner Others’ and ‘Foreigner PIO’ gave rank4 to ‘Shopping’ whereas maximum number of ‘NRI’ gave Rank 4 to ’Medical Treat-ments and Yoga’ etc. Maximum number of ‘NRI’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ gave Rank5 to ‘Shopping’ whereas maximum number of ‘Foreigner PIO’ gave this rank to ‘FairsFestivals and Theme Parks’.

Table 28 gives estimated distribution of visitors(in thousand) by experienced sat-isfaction level of various factors of motivation/attraction . It shows that the groups‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ had high satisfaction level for ‘Monuments,Forts etc’ while the group ‘NRI’ had a Fully Satisfied level for ‘Religious Places’.

Table 29 gives estimated distribution of visitors (in thousand) by perceived impor-tance level for various factors related to tourism (in thousands).All the three groups,‘NRI’, ‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ had maximum number of visitors givingRank 1 to the factor ‘Friendly People and Easy Communication’. All the three groupsof visitors had maximum number giving Rank 2 to the factor ‘Personal Safety’, Rank3 to ‘Food’ and Rank 4 to ‘Spatial Security’. Maximum number of ‘Foreigner PIO’and ‘Foreigner Others’ gave Rank 5 to ’Food’ whereas maximum number of ‘NRI’gave this rank to ‘Sight Seeing Facilities’.

Table 30 gives estimated distribution of visitors(in thousand) by experienced levelof satisfaction for various factors related to tourism . The table shows that all visitorswere fully satisfied with the category ‘Friendly People and Easy Communication’.

68

Table 25. Estimated Percentage Distribution byType of Accommodation

Type of Accommodation NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Hotel 6.49 6.71 50.30 63.50Private Guest House 0.43 1.10 3.98 5.51Govt Guest House 0.85 1.74 1.31 3.90Dharamshala 0.05 0.74 1.10 1.89Rented House 0.09 0.07 0.89 1.05Friends and Relatives 8.84 2.80 10.86 22.51Others 0.31 0.78 0.56 1.64All Type 17.06 13.94 69.00 100.00

Table 26. Estimated Value of Non-Monetary Tourism Transaction(in Billion INR) (Total Amount)

NRI Foreigner PIO Foreigner Others TotalGifts Given 6.784 1.015 5.865 13.663Gifts Received 3.911 0.386 4.168 8.465Total 10.695 1.401 10.033 22.128

69

Table

27.

Est

imate

dD

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

(in

Thousa

nd)

by

Perc

eiv

ed

Exp

ect

ati

on

Level

of

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

of

Moti

vati

on/A

ttra

ctio

n

Ran

kR

ank

1R

ank

2R

ank3

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sM

onum

ents

,etc

.42

2.48

431.

3614

23.3

266

.15

103.

2373

5.45

144.

2873

.65

371.

17H

ill

stat

ions,

etc.

87.2

910

3.34

518.

4032

1.34

129.

6289

5.44

62.0

698

.04

453.

39R

elig

ious

pla

ces

178.

5461

.73

612.

4023

3.19

319.

7365

1.26

260.

0512

8.76

827.

76M

edic

altr

eatm

ent,

etc.

17.4

827

.86

276.

3195

.29

85.5

139

7.95

228.

1121

5.88

356.

23W

ildlife

24.6

046

.37

87.6

829

.40

15.5

515

5.32

39.9

472

.99

314.

26F

airs

,etc

.15

.11

11.4

095

.92

74.2

433

.27

203.

1170

.84

45.7

135

8.92

Adve

ntu

repla

ces

10.3

87.

0673

.56

17.7

017

.42

157.

7444

.30

85.9

928

3.88

Shop

pin

g38

.09

73.4

826

5.18

157.

4390

.14

431.

8514

5.64

56.3

645

9.02

Vis

itin

gre

lati

ves

287.

1651

.84

314.

4979

.00

26.0

117

4.81

57.1

415

.85

131.

68O

ther

20.7

713

.47

407.

577.

011.

6239

.03

2.26

3.05

51.5

8

Ran

kR

ank

4R

ank

5F

acto

rsN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sM

onum

ents

,etc

.75

.75

32.9

327

1.23

96.1

221

.67

216.

03H

ill

stat

ions,

etc.

73.5

274

.33

296.

9157

.28

31.6

923

1.54

Rel

igio

us

pla

ces

78.9

091

.23

316.

5889

.15

82.2

021

9.06

Med

ical

trea

tmen

t,et

c.18

7.26

130.

9643

0.24

44.0

642

.96

245.

78W

ildlife

167.

8968

.04

347.

0487

.08

85.0

441

5.78

Fai

rs,e

tc.

125.

9985

.75

463.

7271

.01

109.

1332

5.18

Adve

ntu

repla

ces

48.6

570

.47

404.

6596

.55

76.9

534

7.84

Shop

pin

g11

0.35

168.

2849

0.05

199.

1191

.03

503.

65V

isit

ing

rela

tive

s10

0.31

41.7

019

3.57

130.

6077

.34

173.

95O

ther

7.46

3.01

37.5

722

.06

13.8

151

.64

70

Table

28.

Est

imate

dD

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

(in

Thousa

nd)

by

Exp

eri

ence

dSati

sfact

ion

Level

of

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

of

Moti

vati

on/A

ttra

ctio

n

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Fully

Sat

isfied

Par

tial

lySat

isfied

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

Mon

um

ents

,etc

.62

9.65

536.

6822

66.6

214

0.43

112.

6844

7.18

Hill

stat

ions,

etc.

430.

4234

6.75

1458

.55

151.

4276

.32

647.

07R

elig

ious

pla

ces

693.

0950

8.82

1885

.06

131.

5611

2.00

461.

30M

edic

altr

eatm

ent,

etc.

496.

0937

9.75

1141

.39

54.2

963

.23

347.

48W

ildlife

272.

2823

3.44

719.

7948

.92

34.1

628

0.89

Fai

rs,e

tc.

236.

6821

4.68

877.

3994

.10

52.1

331

7.83

Adve

ntu

repla

ces

88.4

715

3.89

717.

0859

.79

86.8

931

8.94

Shop

pin

g37

8.51

217.

6513

78.2

817

1.85

191.

5451

5.13

Vis

itin

gre

lati

ves

590.

6817

1.61

774.

4849

.97

30.2

598

.71

Oth

er52

.61

28.3

453

2.57

4.94

3.13

29.8

4

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Not

Sat

isfied

No

Com

men

tF

acto

rsN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sM

onum

ents

,etc

.24

.09

5.43

53.1

610

.78

7.81

249.

66H

ill

stat

ions,

etc.

10.3

63.

7161

.36

9.29

9.97

228.

37R

elig

ious

pla

ces

8.89

10.3

513

1.01

6.46

52.2

914

8.91

Med

ical

trea

tmen

t,et

c.17

.22

11.7

385

.21

4.76

48.2

713

2.34

Wildlife

20.5

212

.23

126.

847.

207.

9819

2.78

Fai

rs,e

tc.

16.4

112

.35

98.2

29.

986.

0315

3.19

Adve

ntu

repla

ces

57.4

76.

7570

.76

11.8

410

.29

161.

01Shop

pin

g91

.85

62.2

111

1.41

8.40

7.82

144.

74V

isit

ing

rela

tive

s7.

115.

8931

.87

6.62

4.98

83.6

9O

ther

1.49

0.67

7.91

0.68

2.82

17.3

2

71

Table

29.

Est

imate

dD

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

(in

Thousa

nd)

by

Perc

eiv

ed

Imp

ort

ance

Level

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Ran

kR

ank

1R

ank

2R

ank3

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sF

rien

dly

peo

ple

etc.

732.

4646

2.87

2610

.56

77.4

731

.42

432.

4859

.63

36.5

333

3.87

Per

sonal

Saf

ety

108.

4969

.17

339.

7734

8.82

311.

0612

06.9

569

.95

33.4

732

4.94

Spat

ial

secu

rity

11.9

414

5.01

192.

8610

9.88

69.6

224

3.25

240.

4818

5.83

424.

59In

tere

stin

gpla

ces

etc.

33.8

394

.99

214.

0978

.45

126.

9332

2.74

154.

8796

.17

381.

26Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es15

.69

10.3

815

2.49

116.

7014

5.25

300.

1340

.39

140.

2832

4.19

Tou

rist

guid

es4.

029.

1153

.22

28.7

514

.96

109.

3423

.05

98.3

330

2.95

Acc

omm

odat

ion

15.6

215

.64

129.

9844

.22

34.6

332

5.78

86.4

686

.16

576.

07co

mfo

rtab

leSer

vic

e12

.88

14.2

712

8.71

37.5

325

.35

314.

1013

8.54

47.6

748

0.80

Food

133.

0350

.24

335.

8412

4.99

51.2

348

4.78

126.

7811

7.09

671.

83G

ood

sanit

ary

etc.

17.4

32.

2430

.50

6.85

6.84

33.3

27.

393.

3264

.39

Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es4.

802.

6418

.59

11.2

13.

5954

.30

36.7

610

.04

77.4

1R

easo

nab

leC

ost

3.86

2.40

45.3

96.

425.

6952

.47

21.6

36.

3879

.81

Clim

ate

4.28

7.40

30.2

914

.10

2.32

33.6

327

.52

5.64

84.7

7A

ccom

modat

ion

1.42

0.66

19.1

10.

360.

469.

739.

063.

1822

.61

tari

ffA

ir8.

454.

5550

.18

68.4

654

.69

302.

2816

.69

13.4

612

9.18

Rai

l3.

710.

635.

1519

.81

1.37

57.4

639

.94

3.32

26.1

4Sea

0.00

0.72

0.34

0.74

0.50

2.96

0.28

0.34

1.89

Roa

d6.

620.

075.

0522

.03

7.13

71.8

310

.77

3.29

26.8

5

72

Table

29.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dD

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

(in

Thousa

nd)

by

Perc

eiv

ed

Imp

ort

ance

Level

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Ran

kR

ank

4R

ank

5F

acto

rsN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sF

rien

dly

peo

ple

etc.

24.1

216

.10

155.

8830

.59

20.7

715

5.32

Per

sonal

Saf

ety

68.4

530

.48

236.

8034

.63

23.9

023

8.37

Spat

ial

secu

rity

12.1

010

.27

152.

8932

.29

18.8

012

5.70

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

251.

5516

9.55

235.

2940

.96

21.1

014

5.50

Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es84

.87

78.5

920

0.44

151.

6115

9.79

213.

31T

ouri

stgu

ides

20.6

865

.27

151.

5614

2.29

70.3

114

7.16

Acc

omm

odat

ion

102.

4012

9.22

626.

0243

.32

33.6

828

8.43

com

fort

able

Ser

vic

e65

.14

91.1

752

3.98

83.3

294

.53

461.

17F

ood

166.

2463

.89

703.

0872

.79

103.

5869

8.07

Good

sanit

ary

etc.

21.7

257

.87

132.

7266

.34

20.1

827

7.80

Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es45

.42

67.0

217

8.80

132.

3612

2.35

221.

96R

easo

nab

leC

ost

44.9

212

.99

156.

9348

.88

73.8

027

2.83

Clim

ate

38.8

613

.09

232.

1160

.02

26.3

433

6.84

Acc

omm

odat

ion

7.43

2.82

38.1

410

.55

6.32

67.0

1ta

riff

Air

20.1

613

.37

143.

4131

.21

52.0

620

8.34

Rai

l46

.29

18.1

615

7.68

14.1

04.

5055

.87

Sea

5.16

2.99

36.5

40.

670.

4415

.00

Roa

d69

.79

37.2

520

2.22

43.7

911

.33

203.

45

73

Table

30.

Est

imate

dD

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

(in

Thousa

nd)

by

Exp

eri

ence

dL

evel

of

Sati

sfact

ion

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Fully

Sat

isfied

Par

tial

lySat

isfied

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

Fri

endly

peo

ple

etc.

827.

7849

1.14

3114

.95

85.2

770

.16

491.

63P

erso

nal

Saf

ety

494.

3938

3.09

1707

.47

101.

4166

.27

504.

98Spat

ial

secu

rity

353.

8133

7.04

669.

9744

.06

81.3

032

4.37

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

471.

9544

7.36

986.

5774

.37

49.7

123

3.39

Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es34

6.20

443.

5388

5.45

47.5

872

.18

235.

83T

ouri

stgu

ides

176.

4821

2.53

515.

6528

.64

30.0

116

7.65

Acc

omm

odat

ion

201.

6423

6.03

1436

.66

65.2

748

.46

401.

72co

mfo

rtab

leSer

vic

e25

7.48

209.

0614

63.3

950

.31

49.4

335

9.60

Food

538.

6432

0.18

2297

.79

69.4

549

.10

479.

36G

ood

sanit

ary

etc.

33.3

869

.98

351.

5535

.15

13.1

911

4.90

Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es19

1.26

136.

0937

8.09

32.4

965

.98

133.

13R

easo

nab

leC

ost

89.8

680

.83

425.

2329

.98

14.8

512

7.59

Clim

ate

82.2

030

.64

490.

1735

.47

12.7

214

3.36

Acc

omm

odat

ion

19.1

77.

1111

4.32

6.59

4.94

26.1

3ta

riff

Air

122.

2012

4.91

657.

8417

.31

11.9

912

0.60

Rai

l83

.69

13.1

417

7.85

21.2

99.

0954

.71

Sea

4.11

2.69

26.5

11.

370.

478.

38R

oad

98.5

327

.42

278.

9632

.87

21.9

014

0.48

74

Table

30.(

Contd

.)E

stim

ate

dD

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

(in

Thousa

nd)

by

Exp

eri

ence

dL

evel

of

Sati

sfact

ion

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Not

Sat

isfied

No

Com

men

tF

acto

rsN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sF

rien

dly

peo

ple

etc.

9.04

3.99

50.8

72.

212.

4630

.37

Per

sonal

Saf

ety

27.1

515

.53

92.8

57.

372.

9641

.62

Spat

ial

secu

rity

3.97

6.86

116.

545.

014.

3128

.68

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

7.70

5.45

51.2

65.

806.

1527

.39

Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es12

.95

14.0

841

.03

2.53

4.40

28.1

6T

ouri

stgu

ides

11.9

811

.87

56.2

71.

863.

5825

.12

Acc

omm

odat

ion

17.8

911

.09

65.5

47.

033.

7543

.01

com

fort

able

Ser

vic

e27

.49

9.76

55.4

22.

124.

6430

.52

Food

13.2

58.

2282

.78

3.42

8.33

33.0

4G

ood

sanit

ary

etc.

44.9

43.

4858

.79

6.18

3.81

13.4

9Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es5.

272.

1130

.70

1.69

1.46

8.95

Rea

sonab

leC

ost

4.47

3.59

44.1

81.

651.

9910

.53

Clim

ate

21.6

47.

3354

.23

5.46

4.10

29.7

9A

ccom

modat

ion

2.68

0.96

11.5

40.

370.

434.

62ta

riff

Air

3.61

0.71

44.8

31.

940.

5310

.12

Rai

l16

.22

4.08

44.9

92.

651.

6024

.00

Sea

0.59

1.24

1.53

0.79

0.60

19.9

0R

oad

17.4

87.

6463

.08

4.30

2.03

26.4

3

75

We now present our findings nationally for the Outbound Indian passengers throughthe Estimated tables, e.g. Table nos. 31-37 below.

1. Demographic Characteristics.

Table 31 gives estimated distribution of outbound Indians by Port of Exit. It showsthat 29.31 % of passengers went abroad through Mumbai Airport, followed by DelhiAirport with the corresponding figure being 27.01 %.

Table 32 gives estimated distribution of outbound Indians by age. It shows thatamong all the outbound Indians 39.26 % of passengers belonged to the ‘18-30’ agegroup.

Table 33 gives estimated distribution of outbound Indians by education level. Itshows that among all the outbound Indians 45.72 % were ‘Graduate’.

Table 34 gives estimated distribution of outbound Indians by occupation. It showsthat a high 26.22 % of passengers going abroad were ‘Engineers’.

Table 35 gives estimated distribution of outbound Indians by household incomegroup. It shows that majority (72.27 %) of the outbound Indians belonged to ‘MediumIncome Group (MIG)’.

Table 36 gives estimated distribution of outbound Indians by purpose of visit. Itshows that a significant percentage (24.63 %) of outbound Indians went abroad for‘Business’ purpose.

76

Table 31. Estimated Distribution of Outbound Indiansby Port of Exit from India

Port of Exit Total Percentage PercentagePortwise estimated total and

percentage with respect to 11 portsMumbai 2972508 29.31 21.36Delhi 2739060 27.01 19.68Chennai 1306233 12.88 9.38Kochi 975062 9.61 7.01Hyderabad 723931 7.14 5.20Bengaluru 657053 6.48 4.72Kolkata 406989 4.01 2.92Ahmedabad 286912 2.83 2.06Haridaspur 49433 0.49 0.36Munabao 17591 0.17 0.13Ghojadanga 7675 0.08 0.06Total 10142446 100.00 72.87(for 11 ports)INDIA 13919201 100

Table 32. Estimated Distributionof Outbound Indians

by Age Group

Age Group Percentagein Years18-30 39.2631-40 35.4641-65 24.89Above 65 0.39All Visitors 100.00

77

Table 33. Estimated Distributionof Outbound Indians by

Education Level

Education Level PercentageIlliterate 0.83Below Primary 0.49Primary 1.23Middle 1.38Secondary 5.94Higher Secondary 13.57Graduate 45.72Postgraduate 26.74and aboveOthers 4.10All Visitors 100.00

Table 34. Estimated Distributionof Outbound Indians by Occupation

Occupation PercentageIndustrialist 8.08Engineer 26.22Government Service 2.75Private Service 24.93Student Researcher 9.07Business Person 11.04Agriculturist 1.71Housewife 7.36Others 8.85All Visitors 100.00

Table 35. Estimated Distributionof Outbound Indians by

Household Income Group

Income PercentagegroupLIG 6.78MIG 72.27HIG 20.94All Visitors 100.00

78

Table 36. Estimated Distributionof Outbound Indians by Purpose

of Visit

Purpose of Visit PercentageBusiness 24.63Holiday,Leisure 22.20and RecreationSocial 16.56Religious Activities 1.08Education & Training 6.13Health & Medical 0.99Shopping 0.62Games/Sports 0.14Job on foreign 22.02deputationInvited for 2.01Specific MissionOthers 3.62All Visitors 100.00

2. Expenditure Details Till Exit

Table 37 (Estimated Average Expenditure by Outbound Indians (Within India)in INR) shows that (estimated) maximum cost of Rs. 17251 is incurred in ‘Gemsand Jewelery’ from the total average cost on shopping Rs.9669, whereas the secondmaximum cost of Rs.11156 was incurred towards ‘Air’ transport cost, with an averagetransport cost of Rs. 2413.

79

Table 37. Estimated Average Expenditure byOutbound Indians within India (in INR)

Item Avg.est.exp.Package costAverage package cost 45512AccommodationHotel 6958Private guest house 3338Govt. guest house 5393Dharmshala 613Rented house 5001Friends and relatives 2098Others 5198Sub-total of accommodation 6396Food & drinkIn the accommodation unit 2062Outside accommodation. unit 1435Sub total of Food & drink 1694TransportRailways 1013Road(excl transport equip. rental) 1296Water 1464Air 11156Transport equipments rental 2279Travel agency services/ 1459tour operatorsOther and supporting services 1553Subtotal of transport 2413

80

Table 37.(Contd.) Estimated Average Expenditure byOutbound Indians within India (in INR)

Item Avg.est.exp.ShoppingClothing and garments 5339Processed food 1282Tobacco products 537Alcohol 1914Travel related consumer goods 1495Footwear/leather goods 1629Toiletries 1297Gems and jewelery etc. 17251Books, journals etc. 848Others 7883Subtotal of shopping 9669Recreation, religious,cultural,sportingCinema, theater, amusements 656Entry fee to and other exp. 1175at religious. sitesEntry fee and other expenses 828at cultural sitesSporting activities 781Subtotal of Recreation, religious, 1222cultural,sportingMedical and health related activitiesMedicine 2392.43Medical accessories 2069Other health related services 7710Subtotal of medical and 3438health related activitiesOthers(non-packages) 16591.42Total average cost of 12489.85Non package componentTotal average cost of 13924.87Package+non package component

81

For the benefit of the readers and researchers, we also annex here the statisticsfrom the collected sample data. For our final analysis as presented in the estimatedtables and the comments preceding those given above, sample data were subject totrimming to discard outliers and robustify under contamination.

We first present our comments and then the corresponding tables, separately forInternational Visitors and Outbound Indians All tables derived from sample data arenumbered with “S”, e.g. Table S1.

1. Spatio-Demographic Characteristics:

Table S1(Distribution of Visitors by Country of Normal Residence) shows that inthe sample data out of 100 % visitors in India, 84.62 % of them belongs to ‘For-eigner Others’, 7.67 % belongs to ‘Foreigner PIO’, 7.71 % belong to ‘NRI’. From U.Kmaximum number of visitors in India belongs to ‘Foreigner Others’ groups and ‘For-eigner PIO’ groups and from U.A.E maximum number of visitors in India belongs to‘NRI’category.

Table S2 (Distribution of Visitors by Mode of Travel) shows if the mode of travelused is ‘Air’ then for ‘Total visitors’,‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ U.Ktopped the list for availing this mode of travel. For ‘NRI’, U.A.E topped the listfor availing this mode of travel. If the mode of travel used is ‘Land’ then for all thegroups Bangladesh topped the list.

Table S3 (Distribution of Visitors by Gender) shows that out of 70.32 % of malesvisited India, 58.94 %, 5.50 % and 5.88 % belonged to ’Foreigner Others’ , ‘ForeignerPIO’ and ‘NRI’ group respectively. Again, out of 29.68 % of total females visitedIndia, 25.68 %, 2.16 % and 1.83 % of females belonged to ‘Foreigner Others’, ‘ForeignerPIO’ and ‘NRI’ group respectively. U.K top the list of male and female visitors amongall nations.

Table S4 (Distribution of Visitors by Age Group) shows maximum number visi-tors belonged to the age-group of 31-40 years of age. Visitors ‘Above 65’ years wasquite low as compared to the other groups.No passenger in the age group 0-17 wasinterviewed and hence are not included in Table S4.

Table S5 (Distribution of Visitors by Marital Status) shows UK had maximum‘Foreigner Others’ visitors in all groups of marital status except the group ‘CurrentlyMarried’. U.A.E had maximum ‘Never Married’ and ‘Currently Married ‘NRI’ visitorsamong all nations. U.A.E also had maximum ‘Currently Married’ ‘Foreigner PIO’visitors among all nations.Maximum ‘Foreigner Others’ visitors in this group camefrom Bangladesh.

Table S6 (Distribution of Visitors by Education Level) shows that among threegroups of visitors maximum strength of visitors were ‘Graduate’.

Table S7 (Distributions of Visitors by Occupation) shows among all the threegroups of visitors maximum of them were ‘Self employed’ , the next occupation withhighest strength of visitors were ‘Private Service’.

Table S8 (Distribution of Visitors by Household Income Group) shows that maxi-mum number of visitors belonged to the ‘Middle Income Group’. Number of visitorsbelonging to ‘Lower Income group’ is much lower as compared to others.

82

Table

S1.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Countr

yof

Norm

al

Resi

dence

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cou

ntr

yof

Num

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

orm

alR

esid

ence

Unit

edK

ingd

om26

80.

6628

20.

6939

779.

7845

2711

.13

Unit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

432

1.06

255

0.63

3474

8.54

4161

10.2

3B

angl

ades

h40

0.10

243

0.60

3002

7.38

3285

8.08

Ger

man

y75

0.18

124

0.30

2341

5.76

2540

6.25

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es58

81.

4527

60.

6816

414.

0325

056.

16F

rance

780.

1996

0.24

1789

4.40

1963

4.83

Sin

gap

ore

298

0.73

143

0.35

1292

3.18

1733

4.26

Mal

aysi

a22

20.

5517

40.

4312

993.

1916

954.

17T

hai

land

660.

1615

50.

3813

993.

4416

203.

98A

ust

ralia

520.

1359

0.15

1121

2.76

1232

3.03

Chin

a10

80.

2718

60.

4689

22.

1911

862.

92Jap

an56

0.14

116

0.29

728

1.79

900

2.21

Sri

Lan

ka87

0.21

153

0.38

637

1.57

877

2.16

Can

ada

780.

1959

0.15

656

1.61

793

1.95

Hon

gK

ong

460.

1159

0.15

617

1.52

722

1.78

Sw

itze

rlan

d16

0.04

300.

0766

91.

6471

51.

76It

aly

70.

0214

0.03

529

1.30

550

1.35

Net

her

lands

120.

0314

0.03

501

1.23

527

1.30

Sou

thA

fric

a13

0.03

210.

0548

01.

1851

41.

26Spai

n5

0.01

160.

0443

51.

0745

61.

12O

ther

s59

01.

4564

41.

5869

3717

.06

8171

20.0

9A

llC

ountr

ies

3137

7.71

3119

7.67

3441

684

.62

4067

210

0.00

83

Table S2. Distribution of Visitors by Mode of Travel

NRI Foreigner PIO Foreigner Others TotalCountry of Air Land Air Land Air Land Air LandNormal ResidenceU.K 268 0 281 1 3967 10 4516 11U.S.A 432 0 255 0 3465 9 4152 9Bangladesh 31 9 149 94 1449 1553 1629 1656Germany 75 0 124 0 2325 16 2524 16U.A.E 588 0 276 0 1641 0 2505 0France 78 0 96 0 1773 16 1947 16Singapore 298 0 143 0 1292 0 1733 0Malaysia 222 0 174 0 1297 2 1693 2Thailand 66 0 155 0 1394 5 1615 5Australia 52 0 59 0 1119 2 1230 2China 108 0 186 0 883 9 1177 9Japan 56 0 116 0 716 12 888 12Sri Lanka 87 0 153 0 586 51 826 51Canada 78 0 59 0 649 7 786 7Hong Kong 46 0 59 0 617 0 722 0Switzerland 16 0 30 0 665 4 711 4Italy 7 0 14 0 527 2 548 2Netherlands 12 0 14 0 479 22 505 22South Africa 13 0 21 0 480 0 514 0Spain 5 0 16 0 416 19 437 19Others 508 0 524 21 5184 184 6216 205All Countries 3128 9 3003 116 32476 1940 38607 2065

84

Table

S3.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Gender

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cou

ntr

yof

%M

ale

%F

emal

e%

Mal

e%

Fem

ale

%M

ale

%F

emal

e%

Mal

e%

Fem

ale

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceU

nit

edK

ingd

om0.

500.

160.

450.

246.

293.

497.

243.

89U

nit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

0.76

0.30

0.43

0.20

5.77

2.77

6.96

3.27

Ban

glad

esh

0.09

0.01

0.51

0.08

6.09

1.30

6.69

1.39

Ger

man

y0.

150.

040.

200.

113.

821.

944.

162.

09U

nit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es1.

160.

290.

520.

163.

210.

824.

891.

27F

rance

0.15

0.05

0.14

0.10

2.85

1.55

3.13

1.69

Sin

gap

ore

0.56

0.17

0.24

0.11

2.25

0.93

3.05

1.21

Mal

aysi

a0.

420.

130.

310.

122.

151.

042.

881.

29T

hai

land

0.13

0.03

0.29

0.09

2.35

1.09

2.78

1.21

Aust

ralia

0.09

0.04

0.09

0.05

1.80

0.96

1.98

1.05

Chin

a0.

200.

060.

320.

131.

610.

582.

140.

77Jap

an0.

090.

050.

210.

081.

330.

461.

630.

58Sri

Lan

ka0.

180.

030.

300.

081.

150.

411.

630.

53C

anad

a0.

150.

040.

100.

041.

150.

461.

400.

55H

ong

Kon

g0.

090.

020.

090.

061.

030.

491.

200.

57Sw

itze

rlan

d0.

030.

010.

030.

041.

010.

631.

080.

68It

aly

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.86

0.45

0.89

0.46

Net

her

lands

0.03

0.00

0.02

0.01

0.87

0.36

0.92

0.38

Sou

thA

fric

a0.

020.

010.

030.

020.

770.

410.

820.

45Spai

n0.

010.

000.

020.

010.

730.

340.

760.

36O

ther

s1.

090.

361.

170.

4111

.85

5.21

14.1

15.

98T

otal

5.88

1.83

5.50

2.16

58.9

425

.68

70.3

229

.68

85

Table S4. Distribution of Visitorsby Age Group

Age Group NRI Foreigner Foreigner Total(in Year) PIO Others18-30 812 991 9370 1117331-40 1319 1176 12572 1506741-65 989 921 12091 14001Above 65 17 31 383 431All Visitors 3137 3119 34416 40672

*No passenger in the age group 0-17 years was interviewed and hence this age groupis not included in Table S4.

* ‘Running age’ is noted, i.e. current age equal to age last completed birth date(LBD) plus one.

86

Table

S5.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Mari

tal

Sta

tus

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

Cou

ntr

yof

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

edD

ivor

ced/

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

edD

ivor

ced/

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edU

nit

edK

ingd

om60

197

110

107

163

48

Unit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

9532

57

568

174

58

Ban

glad

esh

534

01

4819

31

1G

erm

any

1953

03

4468

57

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es96

481

65

3923

13

3F

rance

2253

12

1968

36

Sin

gap

ore

5024

32

335

101

16

Mal

aysi

a36

181

14

5111

74

2T

hai

land

1253

10

3411

33

5A

ust

ralia

1933

00

2529

23

Chin

a24

831

045

134

07

Jap

an17

390

023

902

1Sri

Lan

ka26

610

039

111

21

Can

ada

1066

11

1740

20

Hon

gK

ong

1232

11

2336

00

Sw

itze

rlan

d6

100

017

111

1It

aly

43

00

76

01

Net

her

lands

39

00

75

02

Sou

thA

fric

a2

101

03

160

2Spai

n1

40

05

101

0O

ther

s14

042

412

1422

040

15

18A

llC

ountr

ies

659

2394

3549

876

2117

4482

87

Table

S5.(

Contd

.)D

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Mari

tal

Sta

tus

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cou

ntr

yof

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

edD

ivor

ced/

Nev

erC

urr

entl

yW

idow

edD

ivor

ced/

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edM

arri

edM

arri

edSep

arat

edU

nit

edK

ingd

om13

3423

8073

190

1501

2740

7820

8U

nit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

1062

2225

5113

612

2527

2463

149

Ban

glad

esh

477

2482

367

530

2709

379

Ger

man

y75

314

5745

8681

615

7850

96U

nit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es27

013

2225

2440

520

3434

32F

rance

552

1118

4277

593

1239

4685

Sin

gap

ore

341

916

1619

426

1260

1928

Mal

aysi

a31

294

321

2339

912

4126

29T

hai

land

414

947

1820

460

1113

2225

Aust

ralia

411

656

1242

455

718

1445

Chin

a23

463

96

1330

385

67

20Jap

an24

547

44

528

560

36

6Sri

Lan

ka12

348

921

418

866

123

5C

anad

a22

239

59

3024

950

112

31H

ong

Kon

g12

548

23

716

055

04

8Sw

itze

rlan

d20

344

35

1822

646

46

19It

aly

208

299

814

219

308

815

Net

her

lands

199

278

816

209

292

818

Sou

thA

fric

a11

534

79

912

037

310

11Spai

n19

921

24

2020

522

65

20O

ther

s22

2544

3885

189

2585

5263

102

221

All

Cou

ntr

ies

1002

422

942

501

949

1155

927

453

580

1080

88

Table S6. Distribution of Visitors byEducation Level

Education Level NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Illiterate 10 14 161 185Below Primary 7 15 132 154Primary 7 19 236 262Middle 9 16 320 345Secondary 35 56 651 742Higher Secondary 265 326 3036 3627Graduate 1476 1506 18405 21387Postgraduate 1251 1088 10936 13275and aboveOthers 77 79 539 695All Visitors 3137 3119 34416 40672

Table S7. Distributions of Visitors byOccupation

Occupation NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Industrialist/ 283 295 2421 2999Trader/Shop OwnerSelf Employed 1080 876 10901 12857ProfessionalGovernment Service 104 133 1204 1441Private Service 672 713 8177 9562Student/Researcher 206 327 2687 3220Business Person 396 435 5346 6177Agriculturist 13 20 385 418Housewife 212 139 1119 1470Others 171 181 2176 2528All Visitors 3137 3119 34416 40672

Table S8. Distribution of Visitorsby Household Income Group

Annual Income NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalGroup PIO OthersLIG 103 85 872 1060MIG 2077 2158 21984 26219HIG 957 876 11560 13393All Visitors 3137 3119 34416 40672

89

2. Travel Pattern

Table S9 (Distribution of Visitors by Port of Entry in India) shows 2.03 percentageand 3.23 percentage of ‘NRI’ and ‘Foreigner PIO’ respectively had used Delhi airportas their port of entry.33.69 percentage of ‘Foreigner Others’ used Mumbai airport astheir port of entry. 35.66 percentage out of total visitors used Mumbai airport astheir port of entry.

Table S10 (Distribution of Visitors by Travel pattern) shows that from USA maxi-mum visitors traveled ‘Individually’. From U.K, ‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Oth-ers’ visitors traveled ‘Individually’. From U.A.E maximum ‘NRI’ visitors traveled‘Individually’. From Bangladesh maximum ‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’visitors traveled with ’Family’. UAE had maximum ‘NRI’ visitor traveled with ‘Fam-ily’.UK had maximum ‘Foreigner Others’ visitors who have traveled in group. USAhad maximum ‘Foreigner PIO’ visitors who have traveled in group.

Table S11 (Distribution of Visitors by Family Persons ) shows that the maximumnumber of visitors refers to the group with family person-1, it gradually decreases asthe number of family person increases.

Table S12 (Distribution of Visitors by Purpose of Visit ) shows that main purposeof visit for maximum number of visitors was for ‘Holidaying Leisure and Recreation’and secondly for ‘Business’.

Table S13 (Average Duration of Stay (in Day) at Last Place of Night Halt(LPNH))shows a total of 12679 visitors stayed at Mumbai with average duration of stay being8 days. Among the total number of visitors a total of 621 ‘NRI’ visitors stayed atChennai with an average of 23 nights of stay, 1083 ‘Foreigner-PIO’ visitors stayedat New Delhi with an average of 7 night stays and 11991 ‘Foreigner Others’ visitorsstayed at Mumbai with average 8 night stays.

Table S14 (Distribution of Visitors by Number of Previous Visits ) shows thatnumber of previous visits for all the groups of visitors for the first time have a greaterfrequency as compared to it being more than one. Again, number of visits beingmore than five times is seen to increase probably owing to the cause that it may beclubbed.

Table S15 (Propensity of Visitors Availing Package Tours ) shows that U.S.A hadmaximum ‘NRI’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ visitors availing package tours. Malaysia hadmaximum ‘Foreigner PIO’ visitors availing package tours.

90

Table

S9.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Port

of

Entr

yin

India

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Por

tof

Entr

yN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geN

um

ber

Per

centa

geM

um

bai

Air

por

t26

70.

6653

41.

3113

701

33.6

914

502

35.6

6D

elhi

Air

por

t82

42.

0313

153.

2366

9116

.45

8830

21.7

1K

olka

taA

irp

ort

314

0.77

261

0.64

5023

12.3

555

9813

.76

Ban

galo

reA

irp

ort

357

0.88

314

0.77

2483

6.10

3154

7.75

Chen

nai

Air

por

t56

81.

4028

90.

7117

044.

1925

616.

30H

yder

abad

Air

por

t63

11.

5512

00.

3010

012.

4617

524.

31H

arid

aspur

Lan

d15

0.04

990.

2416

023.

9417

164.

22A

hm

edab

adA

irp

ort

940.

2381

0.20

1441

3.54

1616

3.97

Koch

iA

irp

ort

330.

0814

0.03

700.

1711

70.

29A

ttar

iR

ail

Lan

d0

0.00

220.

0564

0.16

860.

21M

unab

aoL

and

00.

000

0.00

830.

2083

0.20

Por

tB

lair

20.

001

0.00

740.

1877

0.19

Rax

ual

Lan

d10

0.02

30.

0135

0.09

480.

12D

abol

imA

irp

ort

20.

002

0.00

370.

0941

0.10

Ghoja

dan

gaL

and

00.

003

0.01

340.

0837

0.09

Son

auli

Lan

d0

0.00

00.

0027

0.07

270.

07P

ani

Tan

kL

and

10.

002

0.00

240.

0627

0.07

Jai

pur

Air

por

t0

0.00

20.

0023

0.06

250.

06A

mri

tsar

Air

por

t3

0.01

00.

0016

0.04

190.

05N

R7

0.02

510.

1319

50.

4825

30.

62O

ther

s9

0.02

60.

0188

0.22

103

0.25

All

Por

ts31

377.

7131

197.

6734

416

84.6

240

672

100.

00

91

Table

S10.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Tra

vel

Patt

ern

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sC

ountr

yof

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceU

K14

899

2118

255

4525

0170

077

6U

SA

304

111

1714

851

5624

6953

347

2B

angl

ades

h14

233

141

957

1666

1124

212

Ger

man

y39

279

6530

2915

1940

941

3U

AE

391

167

3017

069

3710

2245

716

2F

rance

4924

553

2815

1007

456

326

Sin

gap

ore

170

113

1569

3440

881

200

211

Mal

aysi

a12

982

1110

049

2573

832

423

7T

hai

land

4616

410

027

2887

927

324

7A

ust

ralia

379

631

820

655

241

225

Chin

a73

1718

116

2842

605

128

159

Jap

an23

1617

8212

2251

710

910

2Sri

Lan

ka51

2610

9636

2138

612

612

5C

anad

a45

303

3311

1541

214

010

4H

ong

Kon

g26

173

2715

1737

612

012

1Sw

itze

rlan

d10

42

176

735

518

213

2It

aly

52

010

22

316

8512

8N

ether

lands

56

17

25

286

9012

5Sou

thA

fric

a5

44

133

530

077

103

Spai

n1

31

141

121

896

121

Oth

ers

407

141

4239

414

410

640

7115

2013

46A

llC

ountr

ies

1978

937

222

1868

706

545

2117

973

9058

47

92

Table

S10.(

Contd

.)D

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Tra

vel

Patt

ern Tot

alC

ountr

yof

Indiv

idual

Fam

ily

Gro

up

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceU

K28

3185

484

2U

SA

2921

695

545

Ban

glad

esh

1821

1242

222

Ger

man

y16

2346

645

1U

AE

1583

693

229

Fra

nce

1109

508

346

Sin

gap

ore

1120

347

266

Mal

aysi

a96

745

527

3T

hai

land

1025

316

279

Aust

ralia

723

258

251

Chin

a79

417

321

9Jap

an62

213

714

1Sri

Lan

ka53

318

815

6C

anad

a49

018

112

2H

ong

Kon

g42

915

214

1Sw

itze

rlan

d38

219

214

1It

aly

331

8913

0N

ether

lands

298

9813

1Sou

thA

fric

a31

884

112

Spai

n23

310

012

3O

ther

s48

7218

0514

94A

llC

ountr

ies

2502

590

3366

14

93

Table S11. Distribution of Visitors by FamilyPersons

Family Persons NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

1 2200 2413 27029 316422 314 369 4082 47653 270 146 1583 19994 266 138 1260 16645 65 30 296 3916 14 15 101 1307 5 2 38 458 0 2 14 169 1 2 5 810 2 0 0 2More Than 10 0 2 8 10Total 3137 3119 34416 40672

Table S12. Distribution of Visitors by Purposeof Visit

Purpose of Visit NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Business 587 852 13325 14764Holiday,Leisure 927 1219 12959 15105& RecreationSocial 1162 432 3302 4896Religious Activities 135 138 1113 1386Education & Training 81 147 1030 1258Health & Medical 47 107 1156 1310Shopping 6 11 74 91Games/Sports 40 37 195 272Job on Foreign 43 43 411 497DeputationInvited 48 65 385 498by IndiaOthers 61 68 466 595Total 3137 3119 34416 40672

94

Table

S13.

Avera

ge

Dura

tion

of

Sta

y(i

nD

ay)

at

Last

Pla

ceof

Nig

ht

Halt

(LP

NH

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sL

PN

HN

um

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

Num

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

Num

ber

Ave

rage

Dura

tion

ofSta

yof

Sta

yof

Sta

yM

um

bai

(MH

)27

37.

3941

514

.37

1199

17.

61K

olka

ta(W

B)

159

16.6

026

510

.08

7235

7.86

New

Del

hi(

DL

)54

09.

3210

836.

8338

986.

84B

enga

luru

(KA

)48

010

.11

429

9.09

3673

8.84

Chen

nai

(TN

)62

122

.89

258

12.1

910

7212

.23

Hyder

abad

(AP

)54

919

.95

9217

.14

997

17.2

0P

anaji

(GA

)10

4.10

4116

.88

1128

9.24

Ahm

edab

ad(G

J)

408.

1312

310

.67

615

7.52

Pune(

MH

)8

10.7

517

14.8

866

611

.84

Nor

th24

Pgs

(WB

)3

0.00

260.

0048

33.

00K

och

i(K

L)

124

15.5

631

11.9

019

79.

14Jai

pur(

RJ)

124.

3351

3.55

265

4.07

Noi

da(

UP

)48

5.25

422.

5215

54.

30G

urg

aon(H

R)

499.

6135

5.94

142

4.23

Nas

ik(M

H)

25.

501

40.0

019

37.

66C

han

dig

arh

3710

.89

3111

.68

105

9.32

Var

anas

i(U

P)

00.

006

3.33

167

5.08

Agr

a(U

P)

45.

7526

2.15

109

1.97

Kri

shnag

ar(W

B)

00.

005

5.00

978.

86G

aya(

BH

)1

9.00

16.

0076

7.97

Oth

ers

168

3.51

134

2.87

1125

8.99

All

Pla

ces

3128

0.00

3112

0.00

3438

928

.00

95

Table S13.(Contd.)Average Duration of Stay (in Day)at Last Place of Night Halt (LPNH)

TotalLPNH Number Average Duration

of StayMumbai(MH) 12679 7.83Kolkata(WB) 7659 8.12New Delhi(DL) 5521 7.08Bengaluru(KA) 4582 8.99Chennai(TN) 1951 15.62Hyderabad(AP) 1638 18.12Panaji(GA) 1179 9.46Ahmedabad(GJ) 778 8.05Pune(MH) 691 11.9North 24Pgs(WB) 512 3.00Kochi(KL) 352 11.64Jaipur(RJ) 328 4.00Noida(UP) 245 4.18Gurgaon(HR) 226 5.66Nasik(MH) 196 7.81Chandigarh 173 10.08Varanasi(UP) 173 5.02Agra(UP) 139 2.12Krishnagar(WB) 102 8.38Gaya(BH) 78 7.96Others 1427 10.58All Places 40629 28.00

96

Table S14. Distribution of Visitorsby Number of Previous Visits

No of Visits NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Not Visited 1920 2302 26216 30438EarlierVisited Once 808 551 5513 6872Visited Twice 225 164 1715 2104Visited Thrice 98 41 486 625Visited Four 41 21 210 272TimesVisited Five 14 8 91 113TimesVisited More Than 31 32 185 248Five TimesTotal 3137 3119 34416 40672

Table S15. Propensity of VisitorsAvailing Package Tours

Country of NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalNormal Residence PIO OthersUSA 7 11 309 327UK 6 9 276 291Germany 2 8 252 262Thailand 0 8 220 228France 1 11 165 177Malaysia 0 15 143 158Singapore 1 8 138 147Sri Lanka 4 7 122 133UAE 8 11 92 111Switzerland 0 0 94 94Australia 0 3 89 92Japan 1 7 83 91Canada 3 4 71 78Hong Kong 1 2 73 76Netherlands 0 2 54 56China 1 9 44 54South Africa 0 0 43 43Italy 0 1 41 42Mauritius 1 0 41 42Sweden 0 0 38 38others 13 21 635 669All Countries 49 137 3023 3209

97

3. Expenditure Details

( All cost mentioned are in Indian Rupees(INR))

Table S16 (Percentage Distribution of Visitors by Type of Package Tour Availedand Average Cost by Type of Package) shows that 3.64 percentage of ‘NRI’ visi-tors, 11.44 percentage of ‘Foreigner PIO’ visitors and 53.24 percentage of ‘ForeignerOthers’ visitors availed the package for ‘Travel,Food and Accommodation’ with anaverage cost of 48965, 20054 and 31000 respectively. Thus, maximum visitors (68.32percentage) availed the package for ‘Travel,Food and Accommodation’ on an averagecost of 30345.

Table S17(a),(b),(c) and (d) give sample observation of average cost(in INR) andduration of stay (in Day) by country of normal residence for NRI,Foreigner PIO,Forei-gner Others and All Tourists for package travelers respectively.It is seen that forvisitor traveling to India on package tour, the average duration of stay was 20 daysapproximately at an average cost of Rs. 1,41,021.

Table S18(a),(b),(c) and (d) give sample observation of average cost(in INR) andduration of stay (in Day) by country of normal residence for NRI,Foreigner PIO,Forei-gner Others and All Tourists for non-package travelers respectively.It is seen thatfor visitors traveling to India without package, the average duration of stay was 17approximately at an average cost of Rs. 83,236.

Table S19 gives sample observation of component - wise break - up of package costfor ‘NRI’ (average cost in INR , other components in percentage of average cost).Itis seen that ‘NRI’ spent on an average Rs. 79,652 on package for traveling to India,the highest average cost for ‘NRI’ package travelers being Rs. 1,16,500 for ‘NRI’ fromUSA.

Table S20 gives sample observation of component - wise break - up of package costfor ‘Foreigner PIO’ (average cost in INR , other components in percentage of averagecost).It is seen that ‘Foreigner PIO’ spent on an average Rs. 98,351 on package fortraveling to India, the highest average cost being Rs. 348136 for those coming fromSpain followed by Rs. 3,25,000 for those coming from UK.

Table S21 gives sample observation of component - wise break - up of packagecost for ‘Foreigner Others’ (average cost in INR , other components in percentage ofaverage cost).It is seen that ‘Foreigner Others’ spent on an average Rs. 1,43,235 onpackage for traveling to India, the highest average cost being Rs. 4,70,000 for thosefrom Bahamas. Among the remaining “Important Countries” which are importantsource market of India, ‘Foreigner Others’ coming from Germany spent maximum(Rs. 1,87,217) average cost on package traveling to India followed by Rs.1,83,468 forthose coming from UK.

Table S22 gives sample observation of component - wise break - up of packagecost for all tourists (average cost in INR , other components in percentage of averagecost).It is seen that package travelers spent on an average Rs. 1,41,021 on package fortraveling to India, the highest average cost being Rs. 4,70,000 for those from Bahamas.Among the remaining “Important Countries” which are important source market ofIndia, package travelers coming from Germany spent maximum (Rs. 1,87,290) averagecost on package traveling to India followed by Rs.1,81,598 for those coming from UK.

Table S23 (Average Expenditure of Visitors Availing Package Within India) showsthat for the Accommodation category ,‘NRI’ had maximum amount spent on anaverage on ‘Hotel’,‘Foreigner PIO’ had maximum amount spent on an average on‘Rented Houses’, while , ‘Foreigner Others’ had maximum amount spent on an av-

98

erage on ‘Private Guest Houses’. For transport, all the three categories of visitorsnamely ‘NRI’, ‘Foreigner PIO’, ‘Foreigner Others’ spent their maximum on ’Air’. For‘Shopping’, the category ‘NRI’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ spent maximum on ‘Gems andJewelery’, whereas ’Foreigner PIO’ spent maximum on ‘Clothing and Garments’. For‘Recreation’, the category ’Foreigner Others’ spent most with an average on ‘EntryFee and other Expenses at Cultural Sites’. The category ‘Foreigner PIO’ spent moston ‘Sporting Activities’. The category ‘NRI’ spent most on ‘Cinema, theater andamusement’.

Table S24 (Average Expenditure of Visitors Availing Non Package Within India inINR)) shows that for the accommodation category, ‘Foreigner PIO’ group had spentmaximum amount on ‘Rented House’, whereas,the group ‘NRI’ spent the maximumamount on an average for using ‘Friend and Relatives House’ for staying in India,while ‘Foreigner Others’ had spent on an average for using ‘Others’ category’.For‘Transport’, all the three categories of visitors namely ‘NRI’, ‘Foreigner PIO’, ‘For-eigner Others’ spent maximum on ‘Air’ . For ‘Shopping’ category, for all the threegroups maximum amount was spent on ‘Gems and Jewelery’ on average. For ‘Recre-ation’, all the category have spent maximum on ‘Sport Activities’. For the ‘Medicaland Health related activities’, both the groups, ‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Oth-ers’ had spent maximum on ‘Other Health related activities’,whereas the group ‘NRI’spent maximum on ’Medical Accessories’.

99

Table

S16.

Perc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Typ

eof

Pack

age

Tour

Availed

and

Avera

ge

Cost

by

Typ

eof

Pack

age

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Typ

eof

Pac

kage

Per

cent

Ave

rage

Cos

tP

erce

nt

Ave

rage

Cos

tP

erce

nt

Ave

rage

Cos

tP

erce

nt

Ave

rage

Cos

tN

one

0.20

00.

000

1.21

5928

1.42

5270

Tra

vel

0.00

00.

000

0.91

1255

60.

9112

556

Food

0.51

3000

00.

4033

336.

2887

767.

1910

442

Acc

omm

odat

ion

0.10

7000

0.30

2133

31.

2113

633

1.62

1450

0L

oca

lSig

ht

See

ing

0.00

00.

2011

000

1.32

7470

1.52

7941

Tra

nsp

ort

0.10

1000

00.

2042

501.

5255

491.

8256

23A

ny

Oth

er0.

2052

500.

3071

670.

7117

000

1.21

1258

3T

rave

l+

Food

0.40

2900

0.30

5625

1.72

9530

2.43

7316

Tra

vel+

Food+

3.64

4896

511

.44

2005

453

.24

3100

068

.32

3034

5A

ccom

modat

ion

Trv

el+

Food+

3.34

5207

2.33

1009

17.

8943

048

13.5

625

367

Acc

omm

odat

ion+

Tra

nsp

ort

Tot

al8.

5021

715

15.4

917

007

76.0

128

346

100.

0025

823

100

Table S17(a). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of Normal

Residence for NRI for Package travelers

NRICountry of Normal Residence Average

Cost DurationUnited States of America 116500 19.25United Kingdom 115363 11.00United Arab Emirates 62667 7.33Sri Lanka 44444 18.00Saudi Arabia 35000 21.50Mauritius 30000 20.00Other* 0 0.00Total 79652 15.40

List of “Important Countries” which are important source market of India compriseof USA, UK, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Canada, Germany, France, Malaysia, Australia,Japan, Russia, China, Singapore, Nepal, Korea, Thailand Spain, Pakistan, Switzer-land, UAE, and New Zealand.


101

Table S17(b). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of Normal

Residence for Foreigner PIO for Package travelers

Foreigner PIOCountry of Normal Residence Average

Cost DurationSpain 348136.00 29.00United Kingdom 325000.00 10.00India 236000.00 745.00Canada 227000.00 12.00Germany 200000.00 12.00China 160000.00 9.20United States of America 140000.00 14.33United Arab Emirates 125000.00 24.75Thailand 110911.00 6.00Algeria 88250.00 21.00Malaysia 84454.55 25.40Japan 80000.00 10.00Singapore 77542.33 12.75Netherlands 75493.00 16.50France 33333.33 10.00Bangladesh 28750.00 18.50Other* 0.00 0.00Total 98351.48 35.59

List of “Important Countries” which are important source market of India compriseof USA, UK, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Canada, Germany, France, Malaysia, Australia,Japan, Russia, China, Singapore, Nepal, Korea, Thailand Spain, Pakistan, Switzer-land, UAE, and New Zealand.


102

Table S17(c). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of NormalResidence for Foreigner Others for Package travelers

Foreigner Others



Bahamas 470000 30.00

Netherlands Antilles 403333 33.50

New Zealand 347273 17.00

Ethiopia 340000 56.00

Philippines 310000 9.00

Iraq 308889 31.67

Kazakhstan 300000 43.33

Kenya 298750 29.00

Greece 287500 58.75

Cambodia 282500 46.33

Cuba 280000 51.00

Afghanistan 270000 20.00

Burma 260000 37.00

Italy 254667 31.08

Austria 252143 23.33

Denmark 251667 37.00

Finland 245000 38.33

Ukraine 238000 28.80

Great Britain 232000 26.50

Albania 230000 50.00


Germany 187217 23.33

United Kingdom 183468 19.32

Spain 178545 35.50

Canada 151328 20.97

United States of America 149150 25.08

Sri Lanka 143793 16.91

France 141789 20.29

Singapore 121993 19.71

Switzerland 121663 17.96

United Arab Emirates 120788 13.09

Thailand 114684 20.42

Australia 113079 15.62

Japan 105360 12.18

Malaysia 104142 12.99

China 100237 10.87

Nepal 85833 60.33

Bangladesh 82644 16.71

Korea, South 82371 20.33

Pakistan 50000 4.00

Others ofremaining countries 139107 17.40

Total 143235 19.90

103

Table S17(d). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of Normal

Residence for All Tourists for Package travelers

All Tourists



Bahamas 470000 30.00

Netherlands Antilles 403333 33.50


Ethiopia 340000 56.00

Philippines 310000 9.00

Iraq 308889 31.67

Kazakhstan 300000 43.33

Kenya 298750 29.00

Greece 287500 58.75

Cambodia 282500 46.33

Cuba 280000 51.00

Afghanistan 270000 20.00

Burma 260000 37.00

Italy 254667 31.08

Austria 252143 23.33

Denmark 251667 37.00

Finland 245000 38.33

Ukraine 238000 28.80

India 236000 745.00



Spain 220943 33.33

Germany 187290 23.24


Canada 152441 20.74


France 130064 19.93



Sri Lanka 118956 17.00


Thailand 114629 20.08


China 106096 10.63

Japan 105121 12.13

Malaysia 101976 13.85

Nepal 85833 60.33



Pakistan 50000 4.00


Total 141021 20.27

104

Table S18(a). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of Normal

Residence for NRI for Package travelers

NRI



Nauru 300000 63.00

Israel 230000 37.00

Mali 225000 55.00

Spain 218889 13.20

Belgium 215000 30.33

Mexico 208500 6.50

Fiji 200000 42.00

Nigeria 200000 31.00

Burma 170000 20.00

Bermuda 168039 7.50

Syria 153692 9.00

Italy 152176 35.14

Laos 150000 19.00

Russia 149516 32.67

Barbados 141750 32.00

Ukraine 139000 5.00

France 135521 20.29


Cuba 125000 4.00

Germany 118541 13.35




Thailand 94657 15.85

China 91403 10.01

Canada 87092 36.62




Japan 71197 11.58



Malaysia 66666 15.53

Sri Lanka 55903 19.06

Nepal 52638 34.65



Total 81054 19.63

105

Table S18(b). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of Normal

Residence for Foreigner PIO for Package travelers

Foreigner PIO



Peru 550000 16.00

Vietnam 380000 30.00

Uruguay 362500 30.00

Serbia 325000 8.00

Ireland 312675 43.33

Portugal 309668 28.00

Bulgaria 220000 29.00

Mali 216667 127.00

British Indian Ocean Territory 200000 7.00


Norway 192250 6.50

Finland 181389 24.50

Spain 173555 27.47

Mexico 168145 13.00

Cambodia 166667 25.00

Russia 161101 36.21

Albania 160000 11.50

Czech Republic 160000 16.50

Denmark 154770 19.79




Japan 131662 19.41


France 122665 16.34


Canada 121601 19.71



China 107475 15.37

Germany 106110 18.01

Thailand 104033 14.22



Korea, North 87500 11.67


Sri Lanka 61412 13.10

Nepal 49712 12.29

Pakistan 46883 16.36



Total 93269 17.73

106

Table S18(c). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of NormalResidence for Foreigner Others for Package travelers

Foreigner Others



Niger 700000 26.00

Comoros 400000 14.00

Nicaragua 375000 22.50

Cyprus 370000 7.00

Monaco 300000 15.00

Falkland Islands 280000 20.00

Isle of Man 279200 30.50

Luxembourg 275000 14.00

Sudan 248171 16.57

Greenland 247785 16.20

Malawi 232282 21.00

Solomon Islands 227143 39.71

French Polynesia 223816 34.00

Wallis and Futuna Islands 216600 11.00

Libya 210091 20.95

Samoa (Western) 205000 40.00

San Marino 202333 29.00

Bolivia 200958 13.00

Vatican 200000 24.00

Venezuela 200000 18.67



Russia 110220 17.14

France 103916 18.94

Germany 100771 16.08




China 84148 12.62


Sri Lanka 83263 15.12




Spain 79706 19.02

Japan 75912 14.74



Nepal 51719 15.99




Total 82510 16.44

107

Table S18(d). Sample Observation of Average Cost(in INR)and Duration of Stay (in Days) by Country of Normal

Residence for All Tourists for Package travelers

All Tourists



Niger 700000 26.00

Comoros 400000 14.00

Nicaragua 375000 22.50

Cyprus 370000 7.00

Monaco 300000 15.00

Falkland Islands 280000 20.00

Sudan 248171 16.57

Greenland 247785 16.20

Malawi 232282 21.00

French Polynesia 223816 34.00

Wallis and Futuna Islands 216600 11.00

Solomon Islands 211250 35.75

Samoa (Western) 205000 40.00

San Marino 202333 29.00

Bolivia 200958 13.00

Libya 200680 19.68

Vatican 200000 24.00

Venezuela 200000 18.67

Uruguay 192966 21.70

Isle of Man 189467 23.67

Rwanda 182000 53.00


Russia 116058 19.48


France 106536 18.88

Germany 101797 16.09

Canada 98374 22.29



Korea, North 89089 31.05

China 88530 12.80





Spain 84289 19.25


Japan 82023 15.14

Sri Lanka 75194 15.17



Nepal 51351 16.53




Total 83236 16.80

108

Table

S19.

Sam

ple

Obse

rvati

on

of

Com

ponent

wis

eB

reak

up

of

Pack

age

Cost

of

NR

I(A

vera

ge

Cost

inIN

R,

Oth

er

Com

ponents

inP

erc

enta

ge

of

Avera

ge

Cost

)

NR

IC

ountr

yof

Res

iden

ceA

vera

geC

ost

Tra

vel

from

Loca

lT

ransp

ort

Sig

ht

seei

ng

Acc

omm

odat

ion

Food

Oth

erT

otal

order

ed*

Cos

tIn

dia

toen

din

India

inIn

dia

Unit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

1165

0031

.33

15.3

15.

1530

.04

7.87

10.3

010

0.00

Unit

edK

ingd

om11

5363

26.0

019

.61

12.6

827

.95

12.3

51.

4110

0.00

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es62

667

57.2

38.

513.

1916

.17

7.45

7.45

100.

00Sri

Lan

ka44

444

27.0

030

.00

0.50

7.25

13.7

521

.50

100.

00Sau

di

Ara

bia

3500

09.

8114

.29

2.86

63.0

510

.00

0.00

100.

00M

auri

tius

3000

083

.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

16.6

710

0.00

Tot

al79

652

30.5

818

.79

7.06

24.7

410

.61

8.23

100.

00

*For

countr

ies

wit

hav

aila

ble

info

rmat

ion.

109

Table

S20.

Sam

ple

Obse

rvati

on

of

Com

ponent

wis

eB

reak

up

of

Pack

age

Cost

of

Fore

igner

PIO

(Avera

ge

Cost

inIN

R,

Oth

er

Com

ponents

inP

erc

enta

ge

of

Avera

ge

Cost

)

For

eign

erP

IOC

ountr

yof

Res

iden

ceA

vera

geC

ost

Tra

vel

from

Loca

lT

ransp

ort

Sig

ht

seei

ng

Acc

omm

odat

ion

Food

Oth

erT

otal

order

ed*

Cos

tIn

dia

toen

din

India

inIn

dia

Spai

n34

8136

17.8

735

.71

5.36

5.36

35.7

10.

0010

0.00

Unit

edK

ingd

om32

5000

61.5

45.

383.

088.

925.

6915

.38

100.

00In

dia

2360

0016

.95

21.6

112

.71

42.3

76.

360.

0010

0.00

Can

ada

2270

0088

.11

1.76

2.64

3.52

3.96

0.00

100.

00G

erm

any

2000

0010

.00

1.50

0.00

0.00

2.50

86.0

010

0.00

Chin

a16

0000

5.00

11.2

59.

0014

.00

8.00

52.7

510

0.00

Unit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

1400

007.

8611

.43

26.5

740

.00

13.5

70.

5710

0.00

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es12

5000

19.0

07.

205.

4014

.60

9.60

44.2

010

0.00

Thai

land

1109

1141

.39

24.7

90.

9016

.23

4.51

12.1

710

0.00

Alg

eria

8825

017

.00

1.13

22.6

645

.33

13.8

80.

0010

0.00

Mal

aysi

a84

455

18.3

07.

867.

5316

.25

16.1

533

.91

100.

00Jap

an80

000

0.00

31.2

50.

0068

.75

0.00

0.00

100.

00Sin

gap

ore

7754

226

.15

13.4

89.

5331

.93

18.2

60.

6410

0.00

Net

her

lands

7549

30.

000.

000.

0031

.79

5.77

62.4

410

0.00

Fra

nce

3333

317

.99

9.00

2.70

3.60

4.50

62.2

210

0.00

Ban

glad

esh

2875

034

.78

15.2

219

.57

18.2

612

.17

0.00

100.

00T

otal

9835

123

.23

11.0

09.

4220

.10

11.4

924

.76

100.

00

*For

countr

ies

wit

hav

aila

ble

info

rmat

ion.

110

Table S21. Sample Observation of Component wise Break up of PackageCost of Foreigner Others (Average Cost in INR, Other Components in

Percentage of Average Cost)

Foreigner Others

Country of Residence Average Cost Travel from Local Transport Sight seeingTop 20 India to end in India in India

Bahamas 470000 14.89 10.64 0.00

Netherlands Antilles 403333 10.74 8.47 4.13

New Zealand 347273 10.73 3.66 6.73

Ethiopia 340000 5.88 14.71 0.00

Philippines 310000 0.00 3.23 0.00

Iraq 308889 4.32 8.09 1.80

Kazakhstan 300000 13.33 12.22 0.56

Kenya 298750 20.08 13.39 0.84

Greece 287500 20.87 11.30 0.87

Cambodia 282500 22.12 4.42 2.21

Cuba 280000 0.00 17.86 0.00

Afghanistan 270000 0.00 22.22 9.26

Burma 260000 30.77 7.69 0.00

Italy 254667 13.69 7.88 4.92

Austria 252143 17.00 15.30 6.52

Denmark 251667 6.62 10.60 3.31

Finland 245000 10.88 5.44 5.44

Ukraine 238000 20.50 6.55 12.61

Great Britain 232000 0.00 13.36 0.60

Albania 230000 21.74 10.87 2.17


Germany 187217 16.97 14.80 7.88

United Kingdom 183468 19.15 14.93 6.45

Spain 178545 59.55 1.87 25.52

Canada 151328 22.99 12.79 7.22

United States of America 149150 17.66 14.91 10.97

Sri Lanka 143793 9.07 11.85 4.72

France 141789 17.86 16.11 6.15

Singapore 121993 14.40 15.38 11.35

Switzerland 121663 14.07 17.14 8.90

United Arab Emirates 120788 32.96 10.96 6.23

Thailand 114684 12.60 14.34 8.01

Australia 113079 12.22 14.99 12.47

Japan 105360 17.85 17.66 13.84

Malaysia 104142 19.58 19.75 6.61

China 100237 17.18 17.80 11.22

Nepal 85833 2.91 7.96 0.78

Bangladesh 82644 17.80 8.89 10.92

Korea, South 82371 10.23 12.14 1.73

Pakistan 50000 0.00 10.00 0.00

Others ofremaining countries 139107 18.11 12.53 5.74

Total 143235 16.51 14.20 8.33

111

Table S21.(Contd.)Sample Observation of Component wise Break up ofPackage Cost of Foreigner Others (Average Cost in INR, Other

Components in Percentage of Average Cost)

Foreigner Others

Country of Residence Accommodation Food Other TotalTop 20

Bahamas 63.83 10.64 0.00 100.00


New Zealand 67.23 11.65 0.00 100.00

Ethiopia 58.82 14.71 5.88 100.00

Philippines 96.77 0.00 0.00 100.00

Iraq 76.62 5.94 3.24 100.00

Kazakhstan 49.44 24.44 0.00 100.00

Kenya 37.66 28.03 0.00 100.00

Greece 54.78 12.17 0.00 100.00

Cambodia 66.37 4.87 0.00 100.00

Cuba 71.43 10.71 0.00 100.00

Afghanistan 64.81 3.70 0.00 100.00

Burma 38.46 3.85 19.23 100.00

Italy 50.58 12.33 10.60 100.00

Austria 46.74 14.45 0.00 100.00

Denmark 67.55 11.92 0.00 100.00

Finland 76.87 1.36 0.00 100.00

Ukraine 35.80 11.93 12.61 100.00

Great Britain 62.07 13.19 10.78 100.00

Albania 43.48 21.74 0.00 100.00


Germany 49.61 9.26 1.47 100.00

United Kingdom 37.38 10.28 11.81 100.00

Spain 10.27 2.80 0.00 100.00

Canada 46.19 8.35 2.45 100.00


Sri Lanka 55.74 13.81 4.82 100.00

France 43.09 11.82 4.97 100.00

Singapore 45.96 10.69 2.22 100.00

Switzerland 45.93 12.52 1.43 100.00


Thailand 43.12 10.92 11.01 100.00

Australia 43.75 11.12 5.44 100.00

Japan 37.44 12.21 1.00 100.00

Malaysia 42.03 10.08 1.93 100.00

China 36.78 9.95 7.07 100.00

Nepal 63.11 12.62 12.62 100.00

Bangladesh 50.50 11.89 0.00 100.00

Korea, South 37.29 2.60 36.00 100.00

Pakistan 70.00 20.00 0.00 100.00

Others ofremaining countries 48.45 10.31 4.86 100.00

Total 45.64 10.38 4.93 100.00

112

Table S22. Estimated Component wise Break up of Package Costof(NRI + Foreigner PIO + Foreigner Others) (Average Cost in INR,

Others in Percentage)

All Tourists

Country of Residence Average Cost Travel from Local Transport Sight seeingTop 20 India to end in India in India

Bahamas 470000 14.89 10.64 0.00

Netherlands Antilles 403333 10.74 8.47 4.13

New Zealand 347273 10.73 3.66 6.73

Ethiopia 340000 5.88 14.71 0.00

Philippines 310000 0.00 3.23 0.00

Iraq 308889 4.32 8.09 1.80

Kazakhstan 300000 13.33 12.22 0.56

Kenya 298750 20.08 13.39 0.84

Greece 287500 20.87 11.30 0.87

Cambodia 282500 22.12 4.42 2.21

Cuba 280000 0.00 17.86 0.00

Afghanistan 270000 0.00 22.22 9.26

Burma 260000 30.77 7.69 0.00

Italy 254667 13.69 7.88 4.92

Austria 252143 17.00 15.30 6.52

Denmark 251667 6.62 10.60 3.31

Finland 245000 10.88 5.44 5.44

Ukraine 238000 20.50 6.55 12.61

India 236000 16.95 21.61 12.71

Great Britain 232000 0.00 13.36 0.60


Germany 187290 16.93 14.72 7.83

United Kingdom 181598 20.48 14.85 6.59

Canada 152441 24.42 12.55 7.12

United States of America 148217 17.73 14.86 11.15

France 130064 17.86 15.92 6.05

Switzerland 121663 14.07 17.14 8.90

Singapore 120283 14.69 15.33 11.31

Sri Lanka 118956 10.74 13.54 4.33

United Arab Emirates 118437 32.66 10.66 6.11

Thailand 114629 13.01 14.48 7.91

Australia 113079 12.22 14.99 12.47

China 106096 15.38 16.83 10.89

Japan 105121 17.72 17.75 13.74

Malaysia 101976 19.46 18.67 6.70

Nepal 85833 2.91 7.96 0.78

Korea, South 82371 10.23 12.14 1.73

Bangladesh 63898 20.46 9.88 12.27

Pakistan 50000 0.00 10.00 0.00

Others ofremaining countries 141580 18.91 12.30 6.31

Total 141021 16.76 14.17 8.34

113

Table S22.(Contd.)Estimated Component wise Break up ofPackage Cost of(NRI + Foreigner PIO + Foreigner Others)

(Average Cost in INR, Others in Percentage)

All Tourists

Country of Residence Accommodation Food Other TotalTop 20

Bahamas 63.83 10.64 0.00 100.00


New Zealand 67.23 11.65 0.00 100.00

Ethiopia 58.82 14.71 5.88 100.00

Philippines 96.77 0.00 0.00 100.00

Iraq 76.62 5.94 3.24 100.00

Kazakhstan 49.44 24.44 0.00 100.00

Kenya 37.66 28.03 0.00 100.00

Greece 54.78 12.17 0.00 100.00

Cambodia 66.37 4.87 0.00 100.00

Cuba 71.43 10.71 0.00 100.00

Afghanistan 64.81 3.70 0.00 100.00

Burma 38.46 3.85 19.23 100.00

Italy 50.58 12.33 10.60 100.00

Austria 46.74 14.45 0.00 100.00

Denmark 67.55 11.92 0.00 100.00

Finland 76.87 1.36 0.00 100.00

Ukraine 35.80 11.93 12.61 100.00

India 42.37 6.36 0.00 100.00

Great Britain 62.07 13.19 10.78 100.00


Germany 49.31 9.22 1.98 100.00

United Kingdom 36.31 10.24 11.53 100.00

Canada 45.26 8.26 2.40 100.00


France 42.00 11.62 6.55 100.00

Switzerland 45.93 12.52 1.43 100.00

Singapore 45.62 10.88 2.18 100.00

Sri Lanka 51.21 13.80 6.37 100.00


Thailand 42.74 10.83 11.03 100.00

Australia 43.75 11.12 5.44 100.00

China 33.41 9.66 13.83 100.00

Japan 37.67 12.12 1.00 100.00

Malaysia 39.69 10.63 4.85 100.00

Nepal 63.11 12.62 12.62 100.00

Korea, South 37.29 2.60 36.00 100.00

Bangladesh 45.45 11.93 0.00 100.00

Pakistan 70.00 20.00 0.00 100.00

Others ofremaining countries 46.89 10.93 4.66 100.00

Total 44.94 10.41 5.38 100.00

114

Table

S23.

Avera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gP

ack

age

Wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cost

of

Wit

hin

India

Pack

age

Ave

rage

Pac

kage

Cos

t16

000.

0026

844.

4372

813.

0099

077.

42N

on-P

ack

age

Com

ponent

inIN

R.

Acc

om

modati

on

Hot

el85

250.

0081

52.0

032

367.

5444

254.

63P

riva

tegu

est

hou

se30

00.0

022

000.

0066

666.

6756

200.

00G

ovt.

gues

thou

se0.

0080

00.0

041

66.6

751

25.0

0D

har

msh

ala

0.00

0.00

8066

.67

1210

0.00

Ren

ted

hou

se0.

0024

000.

000.

0024

000.

00F

rien

ds

&re

lati

ves

7915

.00

0.00

3637

5.00

4383

2.86

Oth

ers

0.00

7333

.33

1222

6.67

1467

1.43

Sub-t

otal

ofA

ccom

modat

ion

3718

3.00

1083

3.33

3672

5.19

4623

4.83

Food

&D

rink

Inth

eac

com

modat

ion

unit

1410

.00

3068

.42

9201

.36

1346

6.98

Outs

ide

acco

m.

unit

1984

.38

3030

.43

5555

.85

8557

.89

Sub-t

otal

ofF

ood

&D

rink

2551

.22

5079

.11

7495

.44

1126

3.66

Tra

nsp

ort

Rai

lway

s16

00.0

013

043.

3370

98.6

210

999.

57R

oad(e

xcl

tran

spor

teq

uip

.ren

tal

3259

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3259

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3573

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6352

.14

Wat

er0.

0035

0.00

428.

5781

0.00

Air

1625

0.00

1832

3.75

2194

2.71

4326

6.83

Tra

nsp

ort

equip

men

tsre

nta

l34

00.0

042

66.6

770

07.7

484

34.7

9T

rave

lag

ency

serv

ices

/27

77.7

816

66.6

717

970.

5923

366.

67to

ur

oper

ator

sO

ther

&su

pp

orti

ng

serv

ices

1250

.00

300.

0038

28.5

761

21.4

3Subto

tal

ofT

ransp

ort

7430

.63

1167

8.30

1126

7.29

1769

2.03

115

Table

S23.(

Contd

.)A

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gP

ack

age

Wit

hin

India

inIN

R.

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non-P

ack

age

Com

ponent

inIN

R.

Shoppin

gC

loth

ing

and

garm

ents

9984

.85

4928

.76

3603

.59

7048

.22

Pro

cess

edfo

od

581.

8275

4.00

1309

.57

2598

.71

Tob

acco

pro

duct

s20

0.00

1810

.00

1595

.76

2614

.81

Alc

ohol

2571

.43

3675

.86

3007

.88

5515

.73

Tra

vel

rela

ted

consu

mer

goods

3600

.00

2000

.00

779.

7217

90.0

0F

oot

war

e/le

ather

goods

1931

.11

1247

.37

1156

.71

2349

.83

Toi

letr

ies

2000

.00

306.

0061

7.62

1497

.34

Gem

san

dje

wel

ery

etc.

3253

5.29

4203

.19

3778

.76

8009

.86

Book

s,jo

urn

als

etc.

2777

.78

1426

.47

1631

.19

2861

.01

Oth

ers

3000

.00

5360

.93

4558

.20

9171

.39

Subto

tal

ofShop

pin

g21

505.

7189

92.3

478

66.3

914

604.

44R

ecr

eati

on,

reli

gio

us,

cult

ura

l,sp

ort

ing

Cin

ema,

thea

ter,

amuse

men

ts54

1.38

688.

8992

8.28

1741

.64

Entr

yfe

eto

&ot

her

exp.

560.

0091

2.90

1644

.16

2536

.90

atre

li.

site

sE

ntr

yfe

e&

other

exp

ense

s53

3.33

996.

0432

01.8

146

98.6

0at

cult

ura

lsi

tes

Sp

orti

ng

acti

vit

ies

0.00

5098

.00

1180

.77

4071

.96

Sub-t

otal

ofR

ecre

atio

n,

religi

ous,

772.

7320

80.4

021

80.0

444

14.2

2cu

ltura

l,sp

orti

ng

Medic

al

and

healt

hre

late

dact

ivit

ies

Med

icin

e42

00.0

040

64.5

322

07.4

439

25.0

0M

edic

alac

cess

orie

s20

0.00

721.

4037

74.3

255

17.5

8O

ther

hea

lth

rela

ted

serv

ices

180.

0045

0.00

3958

.62

6452

.78

Sub-t

otal

ofM

edic

alan

d23

90.9

132

61.9

632

91.1

155

79.9

4hea

lth

rela

ted

acti

vit

ies

116

Table

S23.(

Contd

.)A

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gP

ack

age

Wit

hin

India

inIN

R.

Non-P

ack

age

Com

ponent

inIN

R.

Oth

ers(

non

-pac

kage

s)25

0.00

4310

.00

3140

2.35

4111

0.61

Tot

alA

vera

geco

stof

2758

7.73

1621

0.75

1259

3.34

2308

5.80

Non

Pac

kage

Com

pon

ent

Tot

alA

vera

geco

stof

2963

4.64

2466

8.78

2250

9.59

3950

2.71

Pac

kage

+N

onP

acka

geC

omp

onen

t

117

Table

S24.

Avera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gN

on

Pack

age

Wit

hin

India

(in

INR

)

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Cost

of

Wit

hin

India

Pack

age

Ave

rage

Pac

kage

Cos

t15

722.

7315

736.

9628

088.

2522

669.

40N

on-P

ack

age

Com

ponents

inIN

R.

Acc

om

modati

on

Hot

el18

595.

6224

620.

6629

345.

2428

417.

11P

riva

tegu

est

hou

se11

309.

7710

192.

2812

801.

4512

516.

75G

ovt.

gues

thou

se70

61.5

475

41.2

790

10.7

687

74.7

5D

har

msh

ala

2726

.79

4162

.12

4565

.34

4460

.67

Ren

ted

hou

se15

781.

8271

710.

4529

411.

9732

250.

95F

rien

ds

&re

lati

ves

2036

1.52

6277

.35

4734

.23

7589

.20

Oth

ers

1104

8.33

9052

.97

3093

8.67

2544

5.72

Sub-t

otal

ofA

ccom

modat

ion

2036

6.86

2730

6.11

2944

4.62

2883

5.00

Food

&D

rink

Inth

eac

com

modat

ion

unit

5614

.13

7156

.24

6602

.50

6591

.77

Outs

ide

acco

m.

unit

3891

.09

4927

.19

6004

.48

5704

.78

Sub-t

otal

ofF

ood

&D

rink

5609

.33

8919

.57

8942

.26

8660

.40

Tra

nsp

ort

Rai

lway

s19

26.3

022

30.5

822

42.1

722

16.8

3R

oad(e

xcl

tran

spor

teq

uip

renta

l31

25.4

538

66.9

846

41.6

044

19.4

4W

ater

2143

.14

3581

.13

3378

.02

3216

.75

Air

2092

7.98

1369

4.16

1614

7.75

1630

8.78

Tra

nsp

ort

equip

men

tsre

nta

l37

96.6

241

30.9

146

90.1

745

86.3

5T

rave

lag

ency

serv

ices

/32

69.9

974

15.2

361

38.0

858

31.9

0to

ur

oper

ator

sO

ther

&su

pp

orti

ng

serv

ices

1794

.62

2554

.84

5365

.54

4785

.70

Subto

tal

ofT

ransp

ort

6986

.81

8629

.81

1015

4.41

9729

.69

118

Table

S24.(

Contd

.)A

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gN

on

Pack

age

Wit

hin

India

inIN

R

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non-P

ack

age

Com

ponents

inIN

R.

Shoppin

gC

loth

ing

and

garm

ents

6755

.76

6431

.94

5763

.37

5943

.62

Pro

cess

edfo

od

2263

.10

2364

.53

2301

.98

2302

.74

Tob

acco

pro

duct

s11

90.2

714

57.3

214

54.2

714

33.6

4A

lcoh

ol35

36.7

633

92.2

536

74.9

036

35.2

9T

rave

lre

late

dco

nsu

mer

goods

3596

.59

3167

.22

2874

.32

2973

.40

Foot

war

e/le

ather

goods

2398

.63

2775

.24

2393

.83

2430

.97

Toi

letr

ies

1263

.21

1512

.28

1501

.12

1475

.84

Gem

san

dje

wel

ery

etc.

1257

2.31

8744

.75

8129

.84

8701

.69

Book

s,jo

urn

als

etc.

1371

.34

1472

.29

1570

.11

1541

.51

Oth

ers

8233

.19

5480

.77

6093

.38

6265

.95

Subto

tal

ofShop

pin

g15

483.

8313

128.

0111

736.

9512

226.

36R

ecr

eati

on,

reli

gio

us,

cult

ura

l,sp

ort

ing

Cin

ema,

thea

ter,

amuse

men

ts12

72.3

010

02.4

414

05.3

113

45.8

7E

ntr

yfe

eto

&ot

her

exp.

1667

.78

1704

.29

2087

.91

2006

.54

atre

li.

site

sE

ntr

yfe

e&

other

sex

pen

ses

1745

.51

1360

.74

1464

.54

1471

.7at

cult

ura

lsi

tes

Sp

orti

ng

acti

vit

ies

3146

.59

3336

.48

3767

.59

3663

.22

Sub-t

otal

ofR

ecre

atio

n,

religi

ous,

2423

.14

2661

.08

3054

.529

50.9

7cu

ltura

l,sp

orti

ng

Medic

al

and

healt

hre

late

dact

ivit

ies

Med

icin

e44

03.7

330

09.5

234

83.8

435

34.1

5M

edic

alac

cess

orie

s83

08.2

361

96.9

368

25.6

268

62.5

7O

ther

hea

lth

rela

ted

serv

ices

5444

.39

6750

.82

7478

.66

7204

.08

Sub-t

otal

ofM

edic

alan

d57

92.2

463

78.9

873

20.7

7079

.64

hea

lth

rela

ted

acti

vit

ies

119

Table

S24.(

Contd

.)A

vera

ge

Exp

endit

ure

of

Vis

itors

Availin

gN

on

Pack

age

Wit

hin

India

inIN

R

NR

IF

orei

gner

PIO

For

eign

erO

ther

sT

otal

Non-P

ack

age

Com

ponents

inIN

R.

Oth

ers(

non

-pac

kage

s)37

298.

2538

918.

8441

452.

1640

538.

82T

otal

Ave

rage

cost

of35

252.

5449

949.

5854

322.

9052

112.

86N

onP

acka

geC

omp

onen

tT

otal

Ave

rage

cost

of35

954.

9750

483.

2154

594.

3052

447.

14P

acka

ge+

Non

Pac

kage

Com

pon

ent

120

4. Perceptions Prior to and Post Visit

Table S25 (Distribution of Visitors by Type of Accommodation) shows that visi-tors preferred ‘Hotel’ as their accommodation.The next preferred accommodation is‘Friends and Relatives House’.

Table S26 (Non Monetary Tourism Transaction (Total Amount)) shows that ‘GiftsGiven’ bears the maximum expenditure rather than ‘Gifts Received’.

Table S27 (Distribution of Visitors by Perceived Expectation Level of Various Fac-tors of Motivation / Attractions) gives rankings by visitors for perceived expectationlevel of various factors of motivation/attraction. Maximum number of ‘NRI’ gave‘Rank 1’ to ‘Visiting Relatives’, ‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ gave ‘Rank1’ to the factor ‘Monuments, Forts etc’. Maximum number of ‘NRI’ gave ‘Rank 2’to the factor ‘Religious Places’, whereas maximum number of ‘Foreigner PIO’ and’Foreigner Others’ gave this rank to the factor ’Hill Stations, Mountains etc’. All thethree groups of visitors gave ‘Rank 3’ to ‘Religious Places’. ‘NRI’ and ‘Foreigner PIO’gave ‘Rank 4’ to ‘Shopping’, whereas ‘Foreigner Others’ gave ‘Rank 4’ to ‘Fairs andFestivals’ etc. All the three groups of visitors gave ’Rank 5’ to ‘Shopping’.

Table S28 (Distribution of Visitors by Experienced Satisfaction Level of VariousFactors of Motivation / Attractions) shows that all the groups of visitors had highsatisfaction level for ‘Monuments, Forts, Places and Museums’, whereas the group‘NRI’ had a ‘Fully Satisfied’ level for ‘Visiting Relatives’.

Table S29 (Distribution of Visitors by Perceived Importance Level for VariousFactors Related to Tourism) shows rankings for perceived importance levels. All thethree groups, ‘NRI’, ‘Foreigner PIO’ and ’Foreigner Others’ had maximum numberof visitors gave ‘Rank 1’ to the Factor ‘Friendly People and Easy Communication’.All the three groups of visitors had maximum number giving ‘Rank 2’ to the Factor‘Personal Safety’, ‘Rank 3’, ‘Rank 4’ and ‘Rank 5’ to ‘Food’.

Table S30 (Distribution of Visitors by Experienced Level of Satisfaction for VariousFactors Related to Tourism) shows that all the three groups of visitors namely ‘NRI’,‘Foreigner PIO’ and ‘Foreigner Others’ were fully satisfied with the category ‘FriendlyPeople’ etc.

121

Table S25. Distribution of Visitors by Type ofAccommodation

Type of Accommodation NRI Foreigner PIO Foreigner Others TotalHotel 1248 2161 27474 30883Private Guest House 91 179 1406 1676Govt Guest Hose 23 96 509 628Dharamshala 14 38 397 449Rented House 30 41 385 456Friends and Relatives 1525 490 3420 5435Others 93 32 244 369Total 3024 3037 33835 39896

Table S26. Non Monetary Tourism Transaction (in Billion INR)(Total Amount)

NRI Foreigner PIO Foreigner Others TotalGifts Given 0.017 0.006 0.038 0.061Gifts Received 0.011 0.003 0.025 0.039Total 0.028 0.009 0.062 0.100

122

Table

S27.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Perc

eiv

ed

Exp

ect

ati

on

Level

of

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

of

Moti

vati

on

/A

ttra

ctio

ns

Ran

kR

ank1

Ran

k2

Ran

k3

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sM

onum

ents

,etc

.68

612

1710

958

425

385

6203

381

294

3479

Hill

stat

ions,

etc.

284

283

4574

416

740

7306

287

290

4144

Rel

igio

us

pla

ces

473

365

4515

520

474

4997

517

631

5785

Med

ical

trea

tmen

t,et

c.11

216

018

3121

226

022

0627

129

425

92W

ildlife

7159

611

103

110

1204

168

184

2711

Fai

rset

c.96

7988

421

715

418

3927

723

230

98A

dve

ntu

repla

ces

5338

693

127

110

1398

233

186

2020

Shop

pin

g15

417

418

1449

328

630

1842

329

830

74V

isit

ing

rela

tive

s86

124

316

0731

814

097

819

013

089

7O

ther

108

123

3164

2416

318

1317

221

Ran

kR

ank4

Ran

k5

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

Mon

um

ents

,etc

.29

721

324

2227

911

314

08H

ill

stat

ions,

etc.

280

223

2487

238

178

2031

Rel

igio

us

pla

ces

301

286

2489

218

202

1740

Med

ical

trea

tmen

t,et

c.24

932

128

5019

221

217

55W

ildlife

195

227

2706

192

278

2862

Fai

rset

c.34

129

738

9428

827

330

56A

dve

ntu

repla

ces

266

207

3350

236

234

3449

Shop

pin

g37

639

238

6837

435

944

44V

isit

ing

rela

tive

s25

111

998

627

215

412

59O

ther

1719

246

3227

402

123

Table

S28.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Exp

eri

ence

dSati

sfact

ion

Level

of

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

of

Moti

vati

on

/A

ttra

ctio

ns

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Fully

Sat

isfied

Par

tial

lySat

isfied

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

Mon

um

ents

,etc

.14

4516

1217

834

513

484

3571

Hill

stat

ions,

etc.

994

1095

1261

142

951

751

48R

elig

ious

pla

ces

1544

1309

1314

540

252

636

61M

edic

altr

eatm

ent,

etc.

647

720

6813

301

375

2581

Wildlife

414

395

5538

212

296

2112

Fai

rset

c.78

957

882

4934

732

725

72A

dve

ntu

repla

ces

513

325

6152

294

319

2620

Shop

pin

g12

3590

810

492

463

433

3675

Vis

itin

gre

lati

ves

1587

563

4224

234

148

717

Oth

er16

716

340

3520

2215

2

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Not

Sat

isfied

No

Com

men

tT

otal

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sM

onum

ents

,etc

.58

5336

553

7527

0120

6922

2424

471

Hill

stat

ions,

etc.

5033

501

3269

2285

1505

1714

2054

5R

elig

ious

pla

ces

5474

1137

3049

1584

2030

1958

1952

7M

edic

altr

eatm

ent,

etc.

6180

599

2872

1244

1037

1247

1123

7W

ildlife

6310

451

940

6319

2972

985

810

098

Fai

rset

c.39

8547

344

4514

7912

1910

3512

773

Adve

ntu

repla

ces

5969

507

5062

1635

916

775

1091

4Shop

pin

g72

9676

850

7212

8818

2015

0916

223

Vis

itin

gre

lati

ves

3928

209

3447

583

1894

786

5733

Oth

er4

548

412

120

195

202

4355

124

Table

S29.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Perc

eiv

ed

Imp

ort

ance

Level

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Ran

kR

ank1

Ran

k2

Ran

k3

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sF

rien

dly

peo

ple

etc.

1604

1846

2022

639

222

533

1732

923

528

34P

erso

nal

Saf

ety

222

165

2605

630

889

8644

245

223

2676

Spat

ial

secu

rity

4861

882

103

125

1673

204

395

3530

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

160

153

1640

203

234

2764

269

277

2833

Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es55

6310

5792

113

1594

159

196

2285

Tou

rist

guid

es22

4633

853

9473

111

316

111

96A

ccom

modat

ion

com

fort

able

100

126

1266

201

224

2814

412

385

4590

Ser

vic

e68

110

1331

180

196

2774

333

323

4053

Food

605

289

2455

468

363

4352

506

437

5466

Good

sanit

ary

etc.

3612

127

2328

210

3930

453

Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es19

1922

231

3027

390

6353

5R

easo

nab

leC

ost

2024

210

3633

333

9251

487

Clim

ate

1813

143

3318

257

8837

592

Acc

omm

odat

ion

tari

ff6

1563

46

9319

1414

3A

ir47

5547

548

737

527

0066

9880

4R

ail

75

3930

1218

223

1720

8Sea

03

57

637

34

25R

oad

101

2572

3239

437

2329

7

125

Table

S29.(

Contd

.)D

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Perc

eiv

ed

Imp

ort

ance

Level

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Ran

kR

ank4

Ran

k5

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

Fri

endly

peo

ple

etc.

118

127

1637

146

125

1192

Per

sonal

Saf

ety

183

172

2117

151

172

1986

Spat

ial

secu

rity

7297

1154

114

111

1125

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

203

299

2229

159

137

1389

Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es12

614

316

4013

619

318

29T

ouri

stgu

ides

8913

711

3887

120

979

Acc

omm

odat

ion

com

fort

able

273

276

3627

258

236

2581

Ser

vic

e29

335

746

4822

127

632

47F

ood

396

392

5001

361

461

5656

Good

sanit

ary

etc.

9886

1095

201

136

1474

Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es19

015

112

4325

917

416

75R

easo

nab

leC

ost

172

9912

9125

822

322

79C

lim

ate

171

8114

7424

219

021

78A

ccom

modat

ion

tari

ff30

2933

450

4267

9A

ir11

210

612

2110

210

015

15R

ail

121

114

688

4144

360

Sea

6326

326

75

99R

oad

268

239

1709

115

9013

79

126

Table

S30.

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Exp

eri

ence

dL

evel

of

Sati

sfact

ion

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

smSati

sfact

ion

Level

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Fully

Sat

isfied

Par

tial

lySat

isfied

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

Fri

endly

peo

ple

etc.

2145

2070

2501

540

242

835

67P

erso

nal

Saf

ety

994

1109

1305

734

241

640

14Spat

ial

secu

rity

351

494

5423

140

196

1903

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

634

666

8420

296

343

1822

Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es33

344

363

4018

418

914

88T

ouri

stgu

ides

189

264

2815

134

211

1077

Acc

omm

odat

ion

com

fort

able

856

828

1163

230

332

124

78Ser

vic

e81

987

612

302

229

324

3079

Food

2026

1473

1844

827

240

236

23G

ood

sanit

ary

etc.

142

160

2149

152

9278

0Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es38

724

426

4516

916

010

28R

easo

nab

leC

ost

388

268

3205

153

115

909

Clim

ate

306

177

3141

170

9210

58A

ccom

modat

ion

tari

ff63

7291

129

2526

4A

ir72

364

956

0775

7394

5R

ail

143

9287

355

6235

0Sea

6024

242

125

109

Roa

d21

915

419

1516

515

811

79

127

Table

S30.(

Contd

.)D

istr

ibuti

on

of

Vis

itors

by

Exp

eri

ence

dL

evel

of

Sati

sfact

ion

for

Vari

ous

Fact

ors

Rela

ted

toT

ouri

sm

Sat

isfa

ctio

nL

evel

Not

Sat

isfied

No

Com

men

tT

otal

Fac

tors

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sN

RI

For

.PIO

For

.Oth

ers

NR

IF

or.P

IOF

or.O

ther

sF

rien

dly

peo

ple

etc.

2840

397

1521

233

2590

2559

2921

2P

erso

nal

Saf

ety

7067

657

2630

306

1432

1622

1803

4Spat

ial

secu

rity

3465

799

1735

246

542

790

8371

Inte

rest

ing

pla

ces

etc.

3249

326

3342

291

995

1100

1085

9Sig

hts

eein

gfa

ciliti

es35

4629

316

3028

956

870

884

10T

ouri

stgu

ides

2662

289

1623

211

365

560

4392

Acc

omm

odat

ion

com

fort

able

5771

516

2927

261

1245

1247

1488

7Ser

vic

e36

3145

411

3222

510

9512

6316

060

Food

2735

609

1632

251

2341

1942

2293

1G

ood

sanit

ary

etc.

8132

331

248

9939

929

233

59Shop

pin

gfa

ciliti

es24

1818

811

1588

591

437

3949

Rea

sonab

leC

ost

2923

408

1026

7958

043

246

01C

lim

ate

5039

295

2731

157

553

339

4651

Acc

omm

odat

ion

tari

ff11

610

46

334

109

106

1313

Air

97

8614

581

821

734

6719

Rai

l16

2799

911

156

223

192

1478

Sea

35

155

1012

780

4449

3R

oad

9954

549

2319

164

506

385

3807

128

We now present our statistics from sample data for Outbound Indians.

1.Demographic Characteristics:

Table S31(Distribution of Outbound Indians by Port of Exit from India) showsthat (sample) maximum number 3874 or 42.39 % of passengers went abroad throughMumbai Airport, followed by Delhi Airport with the corresponding figures being 1586or 17.35 %. For the total of 11 ports (Airport and Land check Post) for OutboundIndians, smaller land ports like Munabao and Ghojadanga at the bottom contributedwith 52 or 0.57 % and 5 and 0.05 % respectively.

Table S32 (Distribution of Outbound Indians by Age Group) shows that (sample)maximum percentage (39.14%) of passengers belonged to the ‘31-40’ age group.

Table S33 (Distribution of Outbound Indians by Education Level) shows that the(sample) maximum (51.24%) of passengers educational qualification was ‘Graduate’.

Table S34 (Distribution of Outbound Indians by Occupation) shows that (sample)maximum (26.00%) of passengers going abroad were ‘Engineers’, which is closelyfollowed by visitors with ‘Private Service’ (25.30%).

Table S35 (Distribution of Outbound Indians by Income Group) shows that (sam-ple) maximum (68.68%) of passengers are belonged to ‘Medium Income Group (MIG)’.

Table S36 (Distribution of Outbound Indians by Purpose of Visit) shows that(sample) maximum (31.58%) of passengers went abroad for ‘Business Purpose’.

129

Table S31. Distribution of OutboundIndians by Port of Exit from India

Port of exit Frequency PercentageMumbai 3874 42.39Delhi 1586 17.35Chennai 1247 13.64Kolkata 957 10.47Bangalore 599 6.55Kochi 401 4.39Hyderabad 286 3.13Haridaspur 78 0.85Ahmedabad 54 0.59Munabao 52 0.57Ghojadanga 5 0.10Total 9139 100.00(for 11 Ports)

Table S32. Distribution of OutboundIndians by Age Group

Age Group Percentagein Years18-30 36.7931-40 39.1441-65 23.60Above 65 0.47All Visitors 100.00

Table S33. Distribution of OutboundIndians by Education Level

Education Level PercentageIlliterate 0.91Below Primary 0.63Primary 1.44Middle 1.20Secondary 4.14Higher Secondary 11.77Graduate 51.24Postgraduate and above 26.47Others 2.19All Visitors 100.00

130

Table S34. Distribution of OutboundIndians by Occupation

Occupation PercentageIndustrialist 7.08Engineer 26.00Government Service 3.52Private Service 25.30Student/Researcher 8.05Business Person 12.91Agriculturist 2.33Housewife 7.40Others 7.41All Visitors 100.00

Table S35. Distribution of OutboundIndians by Income Group

Income Group PercentageLIG 5.21MIG 68.68HIG 26.11All Visitors 100.00

Table S36. Frequency Distributionof Purpose of Visit

Purpose of Visit PercentageBusiness 31.58Holiday,Leisure & Recreation 23.61Social 12.29Religious Activities 1.25Education & Training 6.31Health & Medical 0.94Shopping 0.40Games/Sports 0.30Job on foreign deputation 18.92Invited for Specific Mission 1.66Others 2.74All Visitors 100.00

131

2. Expenditure Details Till Exit

Table S37 (Average Expenditure by Outbound Indians (Within India) in INRshows that (sample) maximum cost of Rs. 11458 is incurred in ‘Air’ from the totalaverage transport cost of Rs. 2381, whereas the second maximum cost of Rs. 9250.31is incurred in ‘Hotel’ etc from the total average cost of Rs. 7277.

Table S38 (Percentage Distribution of Unsatisfactory Reason by Country of Nor-mal Residence (Total Wise)) shows that ‘Poor Sanitary Conditions’ topped the list.However, it is somewhat reassuring to note therefrom that ‘Spatial Security’ was notof any significant concern to the visitors, which may be loosely interpreted as thatour country is considered a safe one for visits by foreigners.

Table S39 (Sample of Comments by Visitors) presents a small sample of commentsby visitors, both positive and negative. These are directly quoted from the statementsgiven by the visitors themselves.

Pie- and stacked bar- charts along with several port-wise categorical andexpenditure tables

Figure 1: (Pie-chart showing estimated distribution of visitors by country of normalresidence from Table 1). From the chart it is seen that 16% of visitors belongs to thecountry U.S.A topping the list and the next highest group of visitors belongs to thecountry U.K with 11 % out of the total.

Figure 2: (Pie-chart showing estimated distribution of visitors by occupation fromTable 7). The chart shows 31% of visitors out of total were self employed and thenext highest group i.e, 18% out of total were employed by private services.

Figure 3: (Pie-chart showing estimated distribution of visitors by port of entryfrom Table 9). The chart shows 34% of visitors preferred Delhi as their port of entry.While, 22 % of visitors preferred Mumbai as their port of entry.

Figure 4: (Pie-Chart showing estimated distribution of visitors by purpose of visitfrom Table 12). Maximum visit(38%) owes to the purpose of holidaying/leisure.

Figure 5: (Stack Bar Diagram showing estimated distribution of visitors by modeof travel from Table 2). Visitors from the country U.S.A, mostly availed ‘Air’ modeof travel. Whereas, visitors from Bangladesh mostly availed ‘Land’ mode of travelamong the other countries availing this mode of travel.

Figure 6: (Stack Bar Diagram showing estimated percentage distribution of visitorsby gender from Table S3). It shows that for both male and female visitors thepercentage is maximum for the country, U.S.A

Figure 7: (Component Bar Chart showing estimated distribution of male visitors bycountry of normal residence) and Figure 8: (Component bar Chart showing estimateddistribution of female visitors by country of normal residence Table 3(d)). These showthat in either case maximum visitors belongs to the ’Foreigner Others’ group for allthe countries.

Figure 9: (Component Bar Chart showing estimated distribution of visitors bymarital status from Table 5). It is seen that ‘Currently Married’ group dominatesuniformly over all countries.

Figure 10: (Component Bar Chart showing estimated distribution of never-marriedvisitors by country of normal residence in accordance to the Table 5). It is been seenthat in all countries, maximum visitors belonged to ’Foreigner Others’ category ascompared to other two categories.

132

Figure 11: (Stack Bar Diagram showing estimated distribution of married visitorsby country of normal residence in accordance to the Table 5). It is seen that amongall married visitors maximum visitors belongs to the ’Foreigner Others’ group for allthe countries.

Figure 12: (Component bar Chart showing estimated distribution of visitors bytravel pattern in accordance to Table 10). It shows maximum visitors traveled indi-vidually as compared to traveling with group or family.

In an attempt to bring out characteristics of ports of exit, we also present fourtables, each for both sample and estimated findings for foreign visitors, by Port ofExit,Frequency Distribution of Visitors,Percentage distribution of visitors by Sex,Distribution of Total Cost of Tour and Distribution of Total Duration of Stay inIndia.

Table S37. Average Expenditure by Outbound Indians(Within India) in INR

Item Average ExpenditureCost of Within India PackageAverage Package Cost 42245.81Non-Package Component in INR.AccommodationHotel 9250.31Private guest house 2895.49Govt. guest house 4104.76Dharmshala 1357.83Rented house 7028.58Friends and relatives 2300.44Others 9975.88Sub-total of Accommodation 8737.34Food & DrinkIn the accommodating unit 2656.75Outside accom. unit 1282.46Sub-total of Food & Drink 1636.71TransportRailways 1004.33Road(excl transport equip. rental 1040.25Water 2293.48Air 11458.56Transport equipments rental 1826.85Travel agency services/tour operators 1543.43Other and supporting services 1866.13Subtotal of Transport 2381.54

133

Table S37.(Contd.) Average Expenditure by OutboundIndians (Within India) in INR

Item Average ExpenditureShoppingClothing and garments 3725.86Processed food 1511.25Tobacco products 836.22Alcohol 1787.20Travel related consumer goods 2115.84Footwear/leather goods 1740.94Toiletries 1060.29Gems and jewelery etc. 6805.98Books, journals etc. 1060.96Others 6645.62Subtotal of Shopping 7276.95Recreation, religious, cultural,sportingCinema,theater,amusements 858.10Entry fee to and other exp. 882.45at reli. sitesEntry fee and others expenses 650.83at cultural sitesSporting activities 1634.42Sub-total of Recreation, religious, 1290.80cultural,sportingMedical and health related activitiesMedicine 1213.10Medical accessories 1038.66Other health related services 2552.29Sub-total of Medical and 1484.92health related activitiesOthers(non-packages) 10307.71Total Average cost of 10244.62Non Package ComponentTotal Average cost of 11136.63Package+Non Package Component

134

Table

S38.

Perc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Unsa

tisf

act

ory

Reaso

nby

Countr

yof

Norm

al

Resi

dence

(Tota

lW

ise

)

Unsa

tisf

acto

ry-R

easo

nC

ountr

yof

Bad

Pol

luti

onP

oor

San

itar

yU

net

hic

alL

ack

ofN

orm

alR

esid

ence

Peo

ple

Con

dit

ions

Tra

der

sW

ork

Cult

ure

Unit

edK

ingd

om8.

110.

0015

.23

0.00

0.00

Ban

glad

esh

6.36

1.18

0.00

0.00

0.26

Unit

edSta

tes

4.81

1.51

0.00

0.00

0.73

ofA

mer

ica

Fra

nce

5.17

0.10

0.73

0.00

0.00

Unit

edA

rab

4.57

0.00

0.00

0.20

0.00

Em

irat

esSou

thK

orea

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Pak

ista

n0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sw

itze

rlan

d0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Jap

an1.

500.

001.

660.

000.

00Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.00

0.54

2.18

0.00

0.00

Ger

man

y1.

500.

000.

000.

000.

00B

ahra

in0.

000.

001.

830.

000.

00C

anad

a0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sou

thA

fric

a0.

000.

001.

420.

000.

19Is

rael

0.00

0.00

1.51

0.00

0.00

Mal

aysi

a0.

390.

000.

000.

000.

07N

epal

1.50

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Sin

gap

ore

0.48

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Om

an1.

000.

000.

000.

050.

00Sw

eden

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Oth

ers

1.66

2.58

0.73

0.00

0.00

Tot

al37

.04

5.92

25.2

90.

251.

25

135

Table

S38.(

Contd

.)P

erc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Unsa

tisf

act

ory

Reaso

nby

Countr

yof

Norm

al

Resi

dence

(Tota

lW

ise

)

Unsa

tisf

acto

ryR

easo

nC

ountr

yof

Per

sonal

Spat

ial

Tra

ffic

Poor

Poor

Poor

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceIn

secu

rity

Inse

curi

tyC

hao

sR

oad

Air

por

tR

ailw

ays

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

030.

000.

000.

000.

030.

00B

angl

ades

h0.

220.

571.

740.

000.

260.

85U

nit

edSta

tes

0.00

0.00

1.51

0.00

0.00

0.00

ofA

mer

ica

Fra

nce

0.00

0.00

0.00

3.35

0.00

0.00

Unit

edA

rab

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.88

0.00

1.53

Em

irat

esSou

thK

orea

4.50

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Pak

ista

n0.

000.

003.

870.

000.

000.

00Sw

itze

rlan

d0.

000.

001.

661.

660.

000.

00Jap

an0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Ger

man

y0.

000.

000.

730.

000.

000.

00B

ahra

in0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00C

anad

a0.

730.

000.

001.

000.

000.

00Sou

thA

fric

a0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

050.

00Is

rael

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Mal

aysi

a0.

860.

000.

000.

000.

190.

00N

epal

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Sin

gap

ore

0.00

0.00

0.13

0.73

0.00

0.00

Om

an0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sw

eden

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Oth

ers

0.09

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Tot

al6.

420.

579.

647.

610.

532.

38

136

Table

S38.(

Contd

.)P

erc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Unsa

tisf

act

ory

Reaso

nby

Countr

yof

Norm

al

Resi

dence

(Tota

lW

ise

)

Unsa

tisf

acto

ryR

easo

nC

ountr

yof

Poor

mai

nta

inP

oor

mai

nta

inC

orru

pti

onP

oor

Pov

erty

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceof

Hill

Sta

tion

sof

Bea

ches

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00B

angl

ades

h0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00U

nit

edSta

tes

0.00

0.44

0.31

0.00

0.00

Fra

nce

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es0.

000.

000.

260.

160.

00Sou

thK

orea

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Pak

ista

n0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sw

itze

rlan

d0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Jap

an0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Ger

man

y0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00B

ahra

in0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00C

anad

a0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Sou

thA

fric

a0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00Is

rael

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Mal

aysi

a0.

000.

000.

000.

000.

00N

epal

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Sin

gap

ore

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Om

an0.

050.

000.

000.

000.

00Sw

eden

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.03

0.00

Oth

ers

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.12

Tot

al0.

050.

440.

571.

190.

12

137

Table

S38.(

Contd

.)P

erc

enta

ge

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

Unsa

tisf

act

ory

-R

easo

nby

Countr

yof

Norm

al

Resi

dence

Est

imate

d(T

ota

lW

ise

)

Unsa

tisf

acto

ryR

easo

nC

ountr

yof

Nor

mal

Res

iden

ceO

ther

sT

otal

Unit

edK

ingd

om0.

0023

.40

Ban

glad

esh

0.02

11.4

6U

nit

edSta

tes

ofA

mer

ica

0.35

9.66

Fra

nce

0.00

9.34

Unit

edA

rab

Em

irat

es0.

357.

97K

orea

,Sou

th0.

004.

50P

akis

tan

0.00

3.87

Sw

itze

rlan

d0.

003.

31Jap

an0.

003.

16Sau

di

Ara

bia

0.00

2.72

Ger

man

y0.

002.

23B

ahra

in0.

001.

83C

anad

a0.

001.

73Sou

thA

fric

a0.

001.

65Is

rael

0.00

1.51

Mal

aysi

a0.

001.

51N

epal

0.00

1.50

Sin

gap

ore

0.00

1.34

Om

an0.

001.

09Sw

eden

0.00

1.03

Oth

ers

0.00

5.19

Tot

al0.

7210

0.00

138

Table

S39.

Sam

ple

of

Com

ments

by

Vis

itors

Por

tof

exit

Bad

Com

men

tsK

olka

taT

he

condit

ion

ofai

rpor

tis

very

bad

.Toi

lets

are

not

clea

ned

.P

hon

ech

argi

ng

faci

lity

isal

sonot

avai

lable

.K

olka

ta“I

was

har

asse

dby

the

traffi

cp

olic

e.T

hey

stop

ped

my

car

nea

rai

rpor

tan

das

ked

me

tosh

owlu

ggag

ech

alla

n.A

fter

show

ing

the

chal

lan

they

bla

med

that

Ica

rrie

dm

ore

wei

ght

than

the

chal

lan

show

n,

and

took

ahuge

amou

nt

ofbri

be

from

me.

”K

olka

taP

revio

usl

ym

edic

alfa

cility

was

very

good

and

doct

ors

other

med

ical

stuff

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139

Pie-Charts and Bar Charts

Figure 1. Pie Chart Showing Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Country ofNormal Residence (Table 1)

7%5%

5%

4%

4%

21%16%

11%

11%

8%8%

United Statesof America

UnitedKingdom

United ArabEmiratesBangladesh

Malaysia

Germany

France

Singapore

China

Australia

Others

Figure 2. Pie Chart Showing Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Purpose of Visit(Table 7)

13%

9%

9%

6%

5%3% 6%

31%

18%

Self EmployedProfessional

Private Service Business Person

Industrialist/Trader/Shop Owner

Student/Researcher Housewife

Government Service Agriculturist Others

140

Figure 3. Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Port of Entry (Table 9)

0%3%

3%5%

5%

6%

8%

14%22%

34% Delhi Airport

Mumbai Airport

Hyderabad Airport

Chennai Airport

Kolkata Airport

Bangalore Airport

Haridaspur Land

Ahmedabad Airport

Kochi Airport

Others

Figure 4. Pie Chart Showing Estimated Distribution of Purpose of Visit (Table 12)

1%

0%0%

5%

5%

3%

18%

4% 1%25%

38%

Business

Holidaying Leisure Recreation

Social

Religious Activities

Education Training

Health Medical

Shopping

Games Sports

Job on Foreign Deputation

Invited-by-India

Others

141

Figure 5. Bar Chart Showing Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Mode of Travel (Table 2)

USA UK

UA

E

Ban

glad

esh

Mal

aysi

a

Ger

man

y

Fra

nce

Sing

apor

e

Chi

na

Pak

ista

n

Aus

tral

ia

Sri L

anka

Japa

n

Tha

iland

Rus

sia

Sout

h K

orea

Can

ada

Ital

y

Saud

i Ara

bia

New

Zea

land

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Land

Air

Figure 6. Bar Chart Showing Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Gender (Table 3)

US

A

UK

UA

E

Ban

glad

esh

Mal

aysi

a

Ger

man

y

Fra

nce

Sin

gap

ore

Ch

ina

Pak

ista

n

Au

stra

lia

Sri

Lan

ka

Jap

an

Th

aila

nd

Ru

ssia

Sou

th K

orea

Can

ada

Ital

y

Sau

di

Ara

bia

New

Zea

lan

d

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Mail%

Female%

142

Figure 7. Estimated Distribution of Male Visitors by Country of Normal Residence (Table 3(d))

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

United Stat

es of A

merica

United A

rab Emira

tes

United K

ingdom

Banglad

esh

Malays

ia

Singapore

France

Pakist

an

German

yChina

Sri Lan

kaJa

pan

Australi

a

Thailan

dIta

ly

Canad

a

Netherl

ands

Switzerl

and

Russia

Hong Kong

Foreigner OthersForeigner PIONRI

Figure 8. Estimated Distribution of Female Visitors by Country of Normal Residence (Table 3(d))

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

USA UKUAE

Bangla

desh

Mala

ysia

Germ

any

France

Singa

pore

China

Pakist

an

Australi

a

Sri Lan

ka

Japan

Thailan

d

Russia

South

Kor

ea

Canad

aIta

ly

Saudi A

rabia

New Z

ealan

d


143

Figure 9. Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Marital Status (Table 5)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

USA UKUAE

Banglad

esh

Malays

ia

German

y

France

Singapore

China

Pakist

an

Australi

a

Sri Lan

kaJa

pan

Thailan

d

Russia

South Korea

Canad

aIta

ly

Saudi A

rabia

New Zea

land

Divorced/Separated

Widowed

CurrentlyMarried

NeverMarried

Table 10. Estimated Distribution of Never Married Visitors by Country of NormalResidence (Table 5)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

USA UKUAE

Banglad

esh

Malays

ia

German

y

France

Singapore

China

Pakist

an

Australi

a

Sri Lan

kaJa

pan

Thailan

d

Russia

South Korea

Canad

aIta

ly

Saudi A

rabia

New Zea

land


144

Figure 11. Estimated Distribution of Married Visitors by Country of Normal Residence (Table 5)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

UAEUSA

Malays

iaChina

Singapor

eSau

di Arab

ia UKJa

panSri

Lanka

Australi

aRuss

iaTha

iland

Canad

aFran

ceNew

Zeala

ndGerm

any

Bangla

desh Italy

South Korea

Pakist

an


Figure 12. Estimated Distribution of Visitors by Travel Pattern (Table 10)

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

USA UKUAE

Banglades

h

Malays

ia

Germany

France

SingaporeChina

Pakistan

Australi

a

Sri Lan

kaJa

pan

Thailand

Russia

South Korea

Canada

Italy

Saudi Arabia

New Zealan

d

GroupFamilyIndividual

145

Table PE1.Frequency Distribution of Visitorsby Port of Exit

Port Of Exit All foreigners All foreigners(in sample) (Estimated)

Delhi 6798 2230130Mumbai 15674 1229609Chennai 1915 544979Bangalore 4639 406340Kolkata 7114 259742Hyderabad 1559 215453Ahmedabad 581 112644Kochi 327 150036Haridaspur 1650 242130Attari 96 13539Sonauli 208 25976Ghojadanga 32 19124Munabao 79 26552

Table PE2.Percentage Distribution of Port of Exit by Sex

Port-of-Exit Total (sample) Total (estimated)Male % Female % Male % Female %

Delhi 11.61 5.1 21.14 12.63Mumbai 25.66 12.88 12.13 6.49Chennai 3.34 1.37 5.78 2.47Bangalore 8.64 2.76 4.71 1.44Kolkata 12.36 5.13 2.7 1.23Hyderabad 2.77 1.06 7.88 3.26Ahmedabad 1.05 0.38 2.34 0.82Cochin 0.56 0.24 4.71 1.39Haridaspur 3.63 0.43 3.33 0.34Atari 0.15 0.08 0.13 0.07Sonauli 0.33 0.18 0.25 0.13Ghojadanga 0.06 0.01 1.63 0.37Munabao 0.15 0.05 1.96 0.66

146

Table PE3. Average Distribution of Total Cost in Tour by Port of Exit

Port-of-Exit Total (Expenditure in INR) [sample] Total (Expenditure in INR) [estimated]Delhi 759696532 353955513814Mumbai 1173173226 94698193252Chennai 148257742 39415420307Bangalore 593781811 47627870938Kolkata 538759060 21917309367Hyderabad 213802358 124748521862Ahmedabad 64465598 22544104792Cochin 26457117 32376015237Haridaspur 18158932 2703398226Atari 1053759 142241833Sonauli 6152811 665370183Ghojadanga 234706 965947771Munabao 477354 1044731994

Table PE4. Frequency Distribution by Total Duration in India (in nights)

Port-of-Exit Duration in India (sample) Duration in India (estimated)Delhi 108123 37045789Mumbai 260205 21599057Chennai 40224 11876526Bangalore 71045 6789346Kolkata 130876 4740264Hyderabad 37834 15891700Ahmedabad 9745 3600892Cochin 5530 6308927Haridaspur 27643 4078930Atari 3003 352407Sonauli 5531 631073Ghojadanga 642 2693817Munabao 3754 8215970

147

9 Validation Study

We conducted a validation study for some of the estimates for several items obtainedby us for which relevant tables for comparison were supplied by Ministry of Tourism.The tables for this study are referred to here by table numbers bearing ’V’ followedby MoT and IPS identifying the table given by MoT and the one obtained by ourIPS respectively.

For Foreigners, we could compare four sets of findings. Tables V1 show the per-centage distribution of Foreign Tourists by Major Ports of Exit. We note that for themajor 5 ports, the figures are quite close, e.g. the value for Delhi given by MoT is32.20 % while our estimated value is 33.77 %. Tables V2 show Number of ForeignTourists Visiting India by Ports of Exit. All the entries save two match very closely,save that of Delhi, for MoT and our IPS estimates. Tables V3 show for MoT theForeign Tourists Arrival in and for our IPS, Foreign Tourists Exit from India accord-ing to Mode of Travel. According to MoT (India Tourism Statistics 2010), out ofa total of foreign tourist arrivals of 5775692 in 2010, 91.8% of the tourists traveledby air. According to our estimate, the total number of foreign tourist exits ignoringsea travel is 6603898, of which 91.13% of them traveled by air. It is noteworthy thatthough there is a difference in the nature of travel, i.e. entry and exit, considered byMoT and us, yet the values these values are very close. Further, according to MoT(Bureau of Immigration, India, 2010), a total of 5775692 foreign tourists arrived inIndia by ports of exit whereas according to our estimate, a total of 6603898 foreigntourists departed from India by ports of exit.

For Outbound Indians, we compared three sets of findings. For the Number ofIndian Nationals Departures from India, according to MoT (Bureau of Immigration,India, India Tourism Statistics 2010 and 2011), the values are 12988001 and 14.21millions, whereas according to our estimate (Table No. 31), it is 13919201 during theperiod of our survey 2010 - 2011. Our estimate is thus quite reasonable. Tables V5show Specific Mission of Travel by Outbound Tourists if Purpose of Visit is Business.It is clear from the tables that the percentage distributions are very close.

The above results for the validation study, are quite encouraging and establish theefficiency of the methods and techniques adopted by us for IPS.

Table V1 . Percentage Distribution ofForeign Tourists by Major Ports of Exit

Ports of Exit MoT IPSDelhi 32.20 33.77Mumbai 21.50 18.62Kolkata 3.60 3.93Chennai 10.70 8.25Bangalore 6.30 6.15Others 25.70 29.27Total 100.00 100.00

Source for MoT data:Ministry of StatisticsSource for IPS data:International Passenger Survey,2010-2011

148

Table V2 MoT. Number of Foreign TouristsVisited India by Ports of Exit

Port of Exit NRI Foreigner Foreigner Total ForeignPIO Others Tourists

Ahmedabad 10793 20320 81531 112644Attari 0 2708 10832 13539Bangalore 49362 33826 323090 406279Chennai 179933 105715 259224 544871Kochi 53111 16133 80791 150036Delhi 442834 596869 1188372 2228076Ghojadanga 0 1915 17273 19188Haridaspur 1696 15452 224819 241968Hyderabad 81646 9246 124559 215451Kolkata 7425 7650 243411 258485Mumbai 25622 29032 1174773 1229427Munabao 0 0 26552 26552Sonauli 0 215 25318 25533India 852422 839081 3780545 5472048Total Tourists 5775692

Source for MoT data:Bureau of Immigration, India

Table V2 IPS. Number of Foreign TouristsVisited India by Port of Exit

Port of Exit NRI Foreigner Foreigner TotalPIO Others

Ahmedabad 10793 20320 81531 112644Attari 0 2708 10832 13539Bangalore 49361 33825 323154 406340Chennai 179933 105715 259332 544979Kochi 53111 16133 80791 150036Delhi 442834 596868 1190427 2230130Ghojadanga 0 1915 17209 19124Haridaspur 1696 15591 224843 242130Hyderabad 81646 9246 124561 215453Kolkata 7425 7650 244668 259742Mumbai 25622 29032 1174955 1229609Munabao 0 0 26552 26552Sonauli 0 215 25672 25976India 1148234 917277 4538387 6603898

Source:International Passenger Survey,2010-2011

149

Table V3 MoT. Foreign TouristArrivals in India according to

Mode of Travel

Year ArrivalsAir Sea Land

2010 5775692 91.80 0.70 7.50

Source: Bureau of Immigration, India

Table V3 IPS. Foreign TouristDeparture in India according to

Mode of Travel

Year DeparturesAir Sea Land

2010 6603896 91.13 0.00 8.87

Source: International Passenger Survey 2010-2011

Table V4 : Number of Indian Nationals Departures from India

Year MoT IPS2010Total 11066072 13919201

Source for MoT data:Bureau of Immigration, IndiaSource for IPS data:International Passenger Survey,2010-2011

150

Table V5 MoT. Specific Mission of Travel by Outbound Tourist ifpurpose of Visit is Business

Specific mission Number Per cent distributionNo response 101037 3.32Installing equipment, 720889 23.67inspection, purchase and sale etc.Meetings, conferences, 1701232 55.87congresses, seminars, workshopsTradefairs or exhibitions 307569 10.10Professional sports 89104 2.93Government missions 17558 0.58Missions relating to 2947 0.10UN and its organsOthers 104604 3.44Total 3044941 100.00Sample Observation 2886

Source:India Tourism Statistics,2010

Table V5 IPS. Specific Mission of Travel by Outbound Touristif Purpose of Visit is Business

Specific mission Frequency Percentage DistributionInstalling equipment 795753 23.21Meetings conferences 1913050 55.79Trade fairs 367785 10.73Professional Sports 89104 2.60Government Mission 17558 0.51Missions 2947 0.09Others 242777 7.08Total 3428974 100.00

Source:International Passenger Survey

151

10 Knowledge Discovery and Recommendations: Reminiscencesand Visions

This large survey has led to several learning experiences, some of which were not soexpected. We present below some recommendations in this backdrop.

On the operational side, the following may be noted:

1. The IPSF questionnaire for the large-scale national survey should be shortenedto get quality data - it is too long for most passengers.

2. Alternative plans for collection of data need to be made for the known periods ofmajor disruptions in air travel, e.g. December - January nationally and Monsoonperiods in Mumbai and Kolkata.

3. Interim small-scale surveys should be conducted by MoT (in the line of SpecialRounds of surveys conducted by NSSO on specific themes) exclusively on specialtopics, e.g. expenditure details.

4. A mid-term (say 5 years after the large-scale), mid-sized survey should be con-ducted to capture the trend and variabilities.

5. Special Satellite surveys should be conducted to collect data which are onlysparsely available from the passengers, e.g. expenditures covered by companiesor agencies.

6. On-site digitized electronic mode of collection of data should be introduced. Thiswould greatly facilitate data base management, early data processing and earlypreparation of analysis of report. Further, this method would also enhancearchiving and e-governance of time-critical large-scale IPS reports of Ministryof Tourism.

On the theoretical side, the following need to be considered:

1. Prior information on the extent of homogeneity visitors at each port of exit isof great use. The effective allocation of sample sizes may be done based onthis information to capture the variabilities more rigorously and hence obtainefficient estimators. For example, at some of the exit landports like Haridaspur,Ghojadanga and Attari as well as at the airports, like Ahmedabad, it was foundduring the survey that most of the passengers had very similar characteristics interms of expenditure details within each port.

2. Modern techniques for imputation of data should be studied to identify the opti-mal one, specifically for the large-scale survey. This becomes imperative not onlyfor ‘Missing’ values, but also for ‘Combined’ values. The latter arise e.g. whenthe category ‘Others’ in the expenditure table is filled by data corresponding tonot only the ‘Others’ as listed in the table but also when the respondent is ableto give the values for only a few of the subitems and then refers to ‘Others’ asthe remaining listed items including the ‘Others’ listed at the end.

3. Identification of Outliers and Contaminated populations must be done objec-tively.

152

4. Alternative robust estimators compared to the average need to be explored. MoTmay specify the tolerable limits of upper and lower trimming in this respect.

5. Theoretical exercises on the relative gain of such estimators as mentioned in item4 above need to be taken up.

6. If paired data on (arrival, departure) over the last several years are made avail-able, synthetic estimators for the current year may be derived through statisticaltechniques. These would be more efficient than the currently used ones.

153

11 Acknowledgments

The Principal Investigator Prof. Ashis SenGupta likes to express his deep appreciationto Prof. S.K. Pal, the Director, ISI, at the time of acceptance of this project and Prof.B.K. Roy, current Director, ISI, for their exemplary support and encouragements withconducting of IPS. The Heads and Professors-in-Charge of the Applied Statistics Unithave also extended their timely cooperations and are duly thanked hereby. I wouldlike to thank the Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, for his patience and understandingin the extended time needed for conducting as also preparing the report for IPS, dueto reasons beyond our control. It is indeed a great pleasure to note on record theexemplary help and cooperation extended by Dr. R.N. Pandey, ex AD G(MR), MoTand Mr. R.K. Bhatnagar, currently AD G(MR), MoT and the members of his groupincluding Dr. A.K.Gupta, Ms. N. Srivastava, Ms. S.Singh and Mr.S.Kumar of MoTfor this survey. The authorities at all the nine airports where IPS was conductedhad extended their support to us and I express my deep gratitude to them. I amindebted to the Local Coordinators for their untiring and efficient participation in IPS:Prof. Dr. A.Laha, IIM, Ahmedabad, A.L.N. Murthy, ISI-Hyderabad, Mr. A.Sarkar,ISI, Mumbai, Mr. G. Ravindran, ISI-Chennai, Prof. Dr. P.G. Sankaran, KochiUniversity of Science and Technology, Kochi; Prof. Dr. P. Rajalakshmi, BangaloreUniversity, Bangalore - all from outside ISI, and our ISI colleagues . It is not possibleto express in words the profuse help and deep sense of attachment exhibited at ourmain center Kolkata by the core team members of IPS: Mr. Dilip Chaturvedi, Ms.Roma Chaudhury Sahu, Mr. Amiya Das, Dr. Kajal Dihidar, Ms. Kasturi Basu(participated at the initial stage only), Mr. Amit Paria - all of Applied StatisticsUnit, Dr. Md. Zafar Anis of SQC and OR Unit and Dr. Shankar Dihidar of BIRUnit. The project linked personnel of IPS including Mr. Niranjan Chatterjee, andthe staff of ASU had also extended their support and are gratefully acknowledged.Without the valuable cooperation of our Accounts section, it would have been quitedifficult to complete the IPS project.

154

12 Appendix

Appendix A. Sampling Schemes and Estimation Procedures

Rao, Hartley and Cochran (RHC, 1962)’s scheme of sampling

Rao, Hartley and Cochran’s sampling scheme (RHC, 1962) may be described as

follows. Let pi, i = 1, . . . , N (0 < pi < 1,∑N

i=1 pi = 1) be the normed size measures.

The first stage of applying the RHC-scheme is forming n groups with Ni units inthe ith group by simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) out ofthe N units such that, writing Σn as sum over n groups, ΣnNi = N. Optimal groupsizes as given by Rao, Hartley and Cochran (1962) are

Ni = [Nn ] for i = 1, . . . , k= [Nn ] + 1 for i = k + 1, . . . , n.

k is to be determined by solving ΣnNi = N.

Let us denote by (pi1, pi2, . . . , piNi) the normed size measures of the Ni units fallingin the ith group, by Qi the sum of those normed size measures. The second stageof this scheme is choosing a unit ik, say, from the ith group with probability pik/Qi.This is independently repeated across the n groups.

For simplicity, we call the value obtained from the selected unit of ith group as yiand the normed size measure corresponding to the selected unit from ith group as pi.Then RHC’s unbiased estimator for Y = ΣN

i=1yi is

t = ΣnQi

piyi with variance V (t) =

ΣnN2i −N

N(N − 1)

[ΣNΣNpipj

(yipi− yjpj

)2],

where ΣNΣN denotes the summation over non-repeated pairs of N population units.

RHC (1962) have given a uniformly non-negative unbiased estimator of the varianceV (t) as

vP (t) =ΣnN

2i −N

N2 − ΣnN2i

[ΣnΣnQiQj

(yipi− yjpj

)2],

where ΣnΣn denotes the summation over non-overlapping pairs of n groups.

Midzuno (1952)’s scheme of sampling

In this scheme, with xi, i = 1, 2, . . . , N values as the size measures, the first unitis chosen by probability proportional to that size measures. The rest (n − 1) unitsare chosen by SRSWOR out the remaining (N − 1) units. So by this scheme, if

X =N∑i=1

xi, the first order inclusion probabilities are :

πi =xiX

+(

1− xiX

) ((N−2)(n−2)

)((N−1)(n−1)

) =xiX

(N − nN − 1

)+n− 1

N − 1, i = 1, . . . , N.

155

The second order inclusion probabilities for i 6= j are

πij =xi + xjX

((N−2)(n−2)

)((N−1)(n−1)

) +

(1− xi + xj

X

) ((N−3)(n−3)

)((N−1)(n−1)

)=xi + xjX

(n− 1

N − 1

)+

(1− xi + xj

X

)((n− 1)(n− 2)

(N − 1)(N − 2)

).

An unbiased estimator for Y = ΣNi=1yi under this scheme is Horvitz and Thompson

(1952)’s estimator :

YHT =∑i∈s

yiπi.

The Yates and Grundy’s (1953) form for variance of YHT is

VY G(YHT ) =N∑i=1

N∑j=1,j>i

(πiπj − πij)(yiπi− yjπj

)2

.

We have always positive variance estimator under this scheme as

VY G(YHT ) =∑i∈s

∑j∈s,j>i

(πiπj − πij

πij

)(yiπi− yjπj

)2

.

A typical multi-stage estimator for total and variance estimatorrequired for this survey

In this survey, the exit point is the first stage unit and let for a typical ith first stageunit Yi denotes the total of any variable of interest in a particular stratum of timeperiod. But, for any sampled exit point by RHC scheme, we will not have yi directlyat our hand. So, in the above estimator t, yi’s will not be directly ascertainable. Toestimate, yi for a typical ith sampled first stage unit i.e. ith sampled port, we employthree-stage Midzuno-SRSWOR-SRSWOR scheme.

For a particular time period, we choose mi weeks out of Mi weeks by Midzuno’sscheme with weekly number of tourists outgoing in 2008 as size measures. Let Yiwdenotes the total of the variable of interest for a sampled week, say week w. Let πiwdenotes the first order inclusion probabilities of wth selected week in ith exit pointand πiww′ denotes the second order inclusion probabilities for weeks w 6= w′ in ith exitpoint.

We suppose that Miw = 7 denotes the number of days and out of those, we chooseby SRSWOR miw number of days. Miwd denotes the total number of tourists andYiwd denotes the total of any particular variable y of interest for dth sampled day, ofthe sampled week.

To estimate Yiwd, we collect information from miwd tourists with equal proba-bilities and without repetition. Let us suppose our sample obsevations are yiwdt, t =

156

1, . . . ,miwd denoting yiwdt a typical observation for tth sampled tourist for dth sampledday for wth sampled week of a particular time period for ith sampled exit point.

So, an unbiased estimator for the total for a dth sampled day of the wth sampledweek for ith sampled exit point and a variance estimator are given by

Yiwd =Miwd

miwd

miwd∑t=1

yiwdt (1.1)

and

viwd = M2iwd

(1

miwd − 1

)(1

miwd− 1

Miwd

)miwd∑t=1

(yiwdt − yiwd)2, (1.2)

where yiwd =

∑miwd

t=1 yiwdt

miwd.

An unbiased estimator for the total for a sampled week w for ith sampled exit pointand following Raj (1966, 1968) the variance estimator are given by

Yiw =Miw

miw

miw∑d=1

Yiwd (2.1)

and

viw = M2iw

(1

miw − 1

)(1

miw− 1

Miw

) miw∑d=1

(Yiwd − yiw

)2+Miw

miw

miw∑d=1

viwd, (2.2)

where yiw =

∑miw

d=1 Yiwd

miw.

Next, the estimator for Yi for a particular time stratum, say, st1 and a varianceestimator are given by

(Yi)st1 =∑w∈s

Yiwπiw

(3.1)

and

(vi)st1 =∑w∈s

∑w′∈s,w′>w

(πiwπiw′ − πiww′

πiww′

)(Yiwπiw− Yiw′

πiw′

)2

+∑w∈s

viwπiw

. (3.2)

We estimate for all the four time stratums, (Yi)st1, (Yi)st2, (Yi)st3, and (Yi)st4 withthe corresponding variance estimates as (vi)st1, (vi)st2, (vi)st3, and (vi)st4.

Then we estimate the population total for ith selected port for the entire year as

Yi = (Yi)st1 + (Yi)st2 + (Yi)st3 + (Yi)st4 (3.3)

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with the corresponding variance estimate as

vi = (vi)st1 + (vi)st2 + (vi)st3 + (vi)st4. (3.4)

So, our final estimator for all the ports combined (except mandatory ports) in theentire year under four-stage RHC-Midzuno-SRSWOR-SRSWOR scheme is given by

Y = ΣnQi

piYi. (4.1)

An unbiased estimator of the variance of this estimator is

v(Y ) =ΣnN

2i −N

N2 − ΣnN2i

ΣnΣnQiQj

(Yipi− Yjpj

)2

+ ΣnQi

pivi. (4.2)

Note 1: The estimates of population total and the corresponding variance esti-mates for mandatory airports and mandatory landports are added up respectivelywith Y and v(Y ) to obtain the national estimates.

The population ratio of two variables y and z, R =Y

Zis estimated as

R =Y

Z. (5.1)

The mean squared error of R is estimated as

mse(R) =1

(Z)2v(Y )|yiwdt = yiwdt − Rziwdt, (5.2)

where v(Y )|yiwdt = yiwdt − Rziwdt means in formula of v(Y ) in Eq. (4.2), we have to

throughout replace yiwdt by yiwdt − Rziwdt.

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Appendix B. Definitions.

1. DEFINITIONS FOLLOWED IN INDIA

ARRIVALS:

The data presented in this publication refer to the number of arrivals of tourists/visitorsand not to the number of persons. An individual who makes multiple trips to thecountry is counted each time as a new arrival. This is also true in the case of Indiannationals going abroad.

FOREIGN VISITORS:

A Foreign visitor is any person visiting the country on a foreign passport whose mainpurpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from withinthe country or establishment of residence in the country This definition covers twosegments of visitors: ‘Tourists’ and ‘Same Day Visitors’.

FOREIGN TOURIST:

A foreign tourist is a person visiting India on a foreign passport, staying at leasttwenty four hours in the country, the purpose of whose journey can be classifiedunder one of the following headings:

i. Leisure(recreation, holiday, health, study, religion and spot)

ii. Business,family mission,meeting.

The following are not regarded as ’foreign tourists’:

i. Persons arriving with or without a contract, to take up an occupation or engagein activities remunerated from within the country;

ii. Persons coming to establish residence in the country;

iii. ‘Same Day Visitors’ i.e. temporary visitors staying less than twenty four housein the country (including travelers on cruises).

EXCURSIONIST:

A visitor in accordance with the foregoing definition and staying less than 24 hoursin the country is treated as ‘Same Day Visitor’ or ‘Excursionist’.

CRUISE PASSENGER:

A visitor, as defined above, who arrives in the country aboard a cruise ship and doesnot spend a night at an accommodation establishment in the country is treated as acruise passenger.

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PORTS:

Ports are the points of entry of foreign visitors into India. At present, these areseventy two ports. The list of these ports is given below.

Airports:

Hyderabad,Ahmedabad,Kochi,Delhi,Mumbai,Chennai,Bangalore,Kolkata.

Land Ports:

Ghojandanga,Munabao,Haridaspur,Attari,Sonauli.

REGIONS:

The regional classification of countries, used for the presentation of data in the pub-lication, is as following:

1. Africa comprises the continent of Africa including, Egypt and the adjoining is-lands.

2. Australasia includes Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and the Pacific Island groupslike French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia etc.

3. East Asia comprises China, Hongkong,Japan, Korea, Macau, etc.

4. West Asia comprises countries in the Middle East including Turkey, Cyprus andPersian Gulf countries excluding Iran.

5. South Asia includes Iran, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and countries of theIndian sub continent.

6. South East Asia comprises countries of Indo-China including Myanmar andASEAN countries.

7. North America includes Canada and the U.S.A.

8. Central and South America comprises countries in the Central and South Amer-ica, and the Caribbean Islands.

9. Eastern Europe comprises all the countries of former Soviet Union , Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary , Poland, etc.

10. Western Europe includes all the countries of Europe excluding East Europeancountries, Turkey and Cyprus.

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DOMESTIC TOURIST:

A domestic tourist is a person who travels within the country to a place other than hisusual place of residence and stays at hotels or other accommodation establishmentsrun on commercial basis or in dharamshalas/sarais/musafirkhanas/agrashalas/choultris etc. for duration of not less than 24 hours or one night and fornot more than 12 months at a time for any of the following purposes:-

i. Pleasure (holiday, leisure, sports, etc.);

ii. Pilgrimage, religious and social functions;

iii. Business conferences and meetings; and

iv. Study and health.

The following are not regarded as domestic tourists:

i. Persons arriving with or without a contract to take up an occupation or engagein activities remunerated from within the State/Centre.

ii. Persons coming to establish more or less permanent residence in the State/Centre.

iii. Persons visiting their hometowns or native places on leave or a short visit formeeting relations and friends, attending social and religious functions etc. andstaying in their own homes or with relatives and friends and not using any sightseeing facilities.

iv. Foreigners resident in India.

INDIAN NATIONALS GOING ABROAD:

Any person going abroad with an Indian passport is regarded as an Indian nationalgoing abroad irrespective of the purpose and the destination.

TRAVEL RECEIPTS/FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS FROM TOURISM:

These are receipts of the country as a result of consumption expenditure, i.e. pay-ments made for goods and services acquired, by foreign visitors in the economy outof foreign currency brought by them.

ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS:

Places in which rooms are provided to tourists for stay, and classified as hotels, touristbungalows, travelers’ lodges, youth hostels, etc.

APPROVED HOTELS:

Hotels which conform to certain laid down standards on physical features, standardsof facilities and other services are approved by the Tourism Departments of Centraland State Governments and are known as approved hotels. These are graded variouslyas five star deluxe, five star, four star, etc.

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OCCUPANCY RATE:

The occupancy rate refers to the ratio between available capacity (in terms of roomsor beds) and the extent to which it is used. Occupancy is worked out on the basis ofnumber of rooms occupied by both domestic and international tourists.

2. INTERNATIONAL DEFINITIONS

TOURISM:

The activities of persons traveling to and in places outside their usual environmentfor not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

DOMESTIC TOURISM:

Residents of a given country traveling only within that country.

INBOUND TOURISM:

In relation to a given country non-residents traveling to that country.

OUTBOUND TOURISM:

In relation to a given country, residents traveling to another country.

INTERNAL TOURISM:

Domestic and inbound tourism.

NATIONAL TOURISM:

Domestic and Outbound Tourism.

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM:

Inbound and Outbound Tourism.

VISITORS:

All type of travelers engaged in tourism are described as Visitors, and as such as theterm represents the basic concept for the whole system of tourism statistics.

INTERNATIONAL VISITORS:

Any person who travels to a country other than that in which is his/her usual resi-dence, but outside his/her usual environment,for a period not exceeding 12 monthsand whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remuneratedfrom within from within the country visited.

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INTERNATIONAL VISITORS INCLUDE:

• Tourists (overnight visitors): Visitors who stay at least one night in a col-lective of private accommodation in the country visited.

• Same Day Visitors:Visitors who do not spend a night in a collective or privateaccommodation in the country visited. This definition includes passengers ofcruise ships who return to the ship every night to sleep on board even thoughthe ship remains in port for several days. Also included in this group are, byextension, owners or passengers of Yachts, and passengers on a group tour ac-commodated in a train.

Domestic Visitors:

Any person residing in a country who travels to a place within the country, outsidehis/her usual environment,for a period not exceeding 12 months, and whose mainpurpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from withinfrom within the place visited.

DOMESTIC VISITORS INCLUDE:

• Tourists(overnight visitors):Visitors who stay at least one night in a collectiveor private accommodation in the place visited.

• Same Day Visitors: Visitors who do not spend one night in a collective orprivate accommodation in the place visited.

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Appendix C. IPSF and IPSO Schedules.

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Appendix D. On-site Photos of IPS Work at Sonauli,Munabao and Attari.

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