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IMPACT OF WOOD BASED ENERGY ON FORESTS IN INDIA

Dr. J V Sharma, Director, Forestry & Biodiversity, TERI, New Delhi, India

Date: 08/05/2018 2018…07.02.2018……………

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Forests and Tree Resource in India

� Forests in India are treated primarily as a Social andEnvironmental Resource and sustain full or partial livelihood formore than 300 million rural population.

� Forest and Tree cover is 80.20 million hectares which is 24.39% ofthe total geographical area (Source: ISFR 2017).

� There is an increase of 6778 sq.km. forest cover in 2017 withrespect to 2015 assessment (Source: ISFR 2017).

� Loss in the quality of forests has been assessed due tounsustainable harvest of fuel wood for energy requirement andfodder need of the cattle (Source: ISFR 2017).

� Strong Policy and Regulatory regime to address Social andEnvironmental Safeguards

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Forest and Tree Cover of India

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Facts about Wood Based Energy in India

� Annual fuel wood consumption is 216 million Tonnes per year, of which 27% fuel wood has been collected from Public Forests (Source: ISFR 2011).

� Around 854 million people in India, largely women spend around 374 hours in an year for collecting fuel wood (Source: NSSO 2012).

� Around 200 million people are collecting 58.7 million Tonnes of fuel wood from Public forests (Source: ISFR 2011).

� 100 million out of 240 million households are still deprived of LPG as cooking fuel, depend upon fuel wood as primary source of energy

� Around 100000 people die prematurely due to various diseases by inhaling smoke.

� More than 30 million LPG connections have been provided from 2014-16 but scheme did not achieve objective due to withdrawal of subsidy on sale of LPGs

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Projections for Fuelwood consumption (In Million

Tonnes)

� Reduction in per capita fuel wood consumption for cooking due to urbanization, higher income of rural population, present marketing and schemes by Government of India.

� The projected increase in population and subsequent increase in number of brick kilns, hotels and restaurants in semi-urban areas will contribute toward overall increase in consumption of fuel wood for energy future scenario’s.

Source: Sharma 2017

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051

Fu

elw

oo

d C

on

sum

pti

on

Year

Fuelwood consumption (In

Million Tonnes)

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Status of Quality of Forests in IndiaForest

resource

accounting

variable

ISFR

2003

ISFR

2005

ISFR

2009

ISFR

2011

ISFR

2013

ISFR

2015

ISFR

2017

Net

Change

between

2003 to

2017

% change

between

2003 to

2017

Forest Cover

(in sq.km.)

686,767 692,027 6,90,899 6,92,027 6,97,898 7,01,673 7,08,273 20,506 3.13

Growing

Stock in

Forests

(million

cubic

meters)

4781.414 4602.04 4498.7 4498.73 4173.36 4195.047 4218.38 -563.034 -11.78

Growing

Stock in

Forests and

Tree outside

forests

(million

cubic

meters)

6413.752 6218.28 6098.2 6047.15 5658.05 5768.387 5822.377 -591.373 -9.22

Source: FSI 2003; FSI, 2005; FSI 2009; FSI 2011; FSI 2013; FSI 2015; FSI 2017

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2003 2005 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Gro

win

g s

tock

(m

illi

on

cu

bic

me

ter)

Growing Stock in Forests

(million cubic meters)

Growing Stock in Forests and

Tree outside forests (million

cubic meters)

Year

Change in growing stock in forests and tree

outside forests (In million cubic meter)

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Mitigating Actions

Efforts to sequester additional 2.5 -3 billion Tonnes of eCO2 from Forestry sector in India by 2030.

Strong Policy and Regulatory Regime is in place to address Social and Environment Safeguards

Capacity building of community and frontline officials

Enhanced efforts towards Research and development

Gap towards linking livelihood of Forest dependent Communities and conservation of forests.

Need to invest 6153 million US$ per year till 2030 to achieve the target

Source: Sharma 2017

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Innovative Financing Mechanism for SFM in India

Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

Financial Allocation by Finance Commission

Green Tax

Carbon Finance (AR-CDM and REDD+ (Only Few Projects and Rates are not encouraging, Transaction Cost too high for developing countries)

Limited finance for achieving 2.5-3 billion Tonnes of additional CO2 sequestration and

Sustainable Development of Forests

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Future Projections (BAU) – Inventory of GHGs in

Forestry Sector of India

Estimated Emissions/ Removals 2015 (MT) 2020 (MT) 2025(MT) 2030 (MT)

Total emissions 482.84 539.16 587.71 626.95

Total removals 398.87 408.11 415.03 422.36

Net Emissions 83.97 131.05 172.68 204.59

More than 93% Emission towards forestry sector are contributed by unsustainable harvest of fuel wood

Source: TERI Analysis

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Potential of CO2 Sequestration in India

2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051

Total CO2emissions

392.51 421.92 481.94 537.42 585.33 623.99 652.87 668.88 676.22 676.45

Total CO2removals

403.00 398.23 398.87 544.31 685.94 751.03 767.67 887.79 914.71 941.64

Net CO2emissions

-10.49 23.70 83.07 -6.90 -100.61 -127.05 -114.79 -218.90 -238.49 -265.18

Source/

Sink

Sink Source Source Sink Sink Sink Sink Sink Sink Sink

Source: TERI Analysis

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Conclusion

� Unsustainable harvest of fuel wood is major driver of forest degradation.

� Indian forestry sector is net source of GHGs. We have the potential to achieve the additional 2.5 -3 billion Tonnes of eCO2 from Forestry sector by 2030 and become the global sink in terms of net emissions. There is limited funding available.

� Amount of 6153 million US$ per year is required till 2030 to achieve the target

� Reduction in unsustainable harvest and use of fuel wood will help in achieving

� NDCs of forestry sector

� Mitigating climate change

� Poverty alleviation

� Biodiversity conservation

� Improvement in the quality of forests , and

� Contributing towards SDG 13,14,15, national biodiversity targets and Aichi Targets.

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Thank you !!!