forestation

FORESTATION

DEFINITION

• Forestation means establishment of a forest

naturally or artificially on an area which was

previously for forests or not so as to cover the

area with tree or forest

The word forest derived

from Latin word foris

which means outside

Forest

A forest is a natural, self sustaining

community. It is characterized by the presence

of trees, which are large, generally single

stemmed plants.

Benefits of forests

• Source of energy

• Source of food

• Provide shelter

• Provide a number of products

• Conserve the soil

• Maintain climate

Forest ecosystem cycle

Reasons for change in compositions and structure of forests

• Natural Succession

• Natural disturbances

• Human disturbances

DEFORESTATION

• Deforestation is defined as the

unscrupolous and indiscriminate

destruction of indigenous forests and

wood lands

Causes of deforestation

Over grazing

of live stock

Human

Activities

Natural

Calamities

Over

population

Effects of deforestation

• Deprivation of shelter for birds, insects and food for animals and

human beings

• Decreased Oxygen and increased carbon dioxide

• Scarcity of fuel wood

• Increase draughts

• Melting of ice caps causing floods

• Loss of cultural diversity

• Increased soil erosion

• Increased pollution

Effects of deforestation

• Decreased availability of food products

• Depletion of soil nutrients

• Global warming

• Increased aridity

• Rise in the sea level

• Global green house effect

• Biological diversity

Prevention of Deforestation

• Use recycled products

• When cutting down trees single out full-grown specimens and

spare younger varieties

• use the same portion of land to plant different crops. Use

alternate sources of energy such as cooking gas instead of wood

• Avoid wastage of forest products.

• Prohibit deforestation

• Encourage reforestation

Prevention of Deforestation

• Use of pesticides to reduce damage to forests.

• Control the forest fire created by human activity due to carelessness.

• Use of modern technology

• Reduce demand though through technological interventions.

• Strengthening the central and state forestry administration and institutions.

• Expansion of forest area can be achieved by implanting trees in forest with

people’s participation.

• Celebrate Environment day to create awareness among people about how

forestation can help in improving environment

Plan and policies for forestation and prevention of deforestation

• Indian forest act,1927

• Van Mahotsava

• National forest policy

• Chipko movement

• Van Samrakshan Samiti

• National Forestry Actions Programme,1999

Indian forest act,1927

Objectives

• To conserve and protect the forests

• To ensure judicious use of forest

products.

Three forest officers

Duties

Prohibition of clearing of land

Manage forest and protect officers

National forest policy,1952

• Recommended that 30 percent of land area of

country should be covered with forest

• In India, forests forms only 23 percent of

total land area.

• Central and state government started

afforestation programmes such as agro

forestry, social forestry and urban forestry.

Van Mahotsava

• Since 1950

• Celebrated twice a year in the month of

February and July

• Deals with plantation of trees.

• Started by Union Ministry of Agriculture

and food K.M. Munsi


Aim

• To ensure environmental sustainability and

maintenance of ecological balance including

atmospheric stability which is vital for the sustenance

of all forms of plants, animals and human beings.


Objectives

• Conserving the natural heritage

• Increasing forest/tree cover substantially

through afforestation and social forestry

programmes.

• Meeting the requirement for fuel wood, fodder

and small timber for rural and tribal population


Objectives

• Increasing productivity of forests.

• Encouraging efficient utilization of

forest produce.

• Creating a massive people’s

movement

• Maintaining environmental stability

National Forest Policy (2011)

Aim

• To ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, forest

management for optimum combinations of

productive, protective, recreational, aesthetic,

scientific and educational benefits, and to

contribute to the national economy and livelihoods.

National Forest Policy (2011)

The strategies include:

• Provision of recreational and educational opportunities in forest areas

• Construct amenity facilities to enhance the recreational experience

• Enactment of legislation for parks and other protected areas

• Conservation of unique and representative flora, fauna, geology,

landscapes, archaeology and other intrinsic features

• Promote participatory management of parks with local communities

and interest groups.

Chipko movement,1973

• Started in hilly areas of Uttar Pradesh

• For prevention of deforestation

against relentless process of forest

destruction.

• The movement got victory in 1982

and Mrs. Indira Gandhi banned the

falling of trees for 15 years.

Vana Samrakshan Samiti

The local /indigeneous

people were involved

who were residing at

the periphery of

forests.

National Forestry Actions Programme,1999

• Plan of next 20 years

Purpose

• To find out the issues and

programmes to achieve

sustainable forestry development

by coordinated efforts.

National Forestry Actions Programme,1999

Protect existing forest

resources

Improve forest

productivity

Reduce total demand

Strengthen the policy

and institutional

network

Expand the forest area

forestation

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