Forest restoration: national plan, MMA actions lines and a

zoom in Atlantic Forest

Ministry of the Environment - MMA Secretariat of Biodiversity and Forests - SBF Department of Biodiversity Conservation – DCBio

In Landscape approach to reforestation of Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil: socioenvironmental context and economic viability, Global

Landscape Forum, Warsaw, 16-17.11.13

Perspectives • Large-scale forest restoration

• Bridging public policy with science

• Ecological restoration with economic revenue to landowners

• Funding for ecological restoration

• Up scaling forest restoration supply chain

• Integration of public agendas (federal, state, and county level)

• Implementation of Brazilian Forest Code and the National Brazilian Biodiversity Target no. 15 – Ecological restoration

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Amazônia Mata Atlântica Cerrado Caatinga Pantanal Pampa

Mill

ion

s h

a (M

ha)

Total = 21 Mha

Demand for restoration according to the Brazilian

Forest code

Demand for restoration per biogeographical domain - adapted from Soares-Filho, B. S., 2013.

Map: IBGE – 2004

What the Federal Government Plan (PPA12-15) defines about forest restoration ?

• Goal: foster ecological restoration research and implementation in farms as a compliance with forest code and a new business

• Targets:

– Build a National Forest Restoration Plan 2014-19

– Define ecological restoration protocols and perform economic viability analyses for each biome

– perform economic viability analyses for each biogeographical domain

– Implement 12 CRADs (Reference Centers for Ecological Restoration)

Target 1: build a National Forest

Restoration Plan

• Lessons-learned and best practices from past experiences

• Structured on 3 major chapters: Motivation; Enabling Conditions and Implementation

• Gaps and key success factors

• with the support of IIS, WRI & IUCN

How to build a plan that covers the several dimensions of forest restoration ?

Natural regeneration

Assisted restoration

Only native species

Envrionmental

Services

Public lands Forest goods

Some exotic species

Private lands

How to motivate Brazilian society to join this endeavour?

Which are the enabling conditions ?

What about the implementation ?

• MOTIVATE

1. Launch public awareness campaign on forest restoration

2. Launch landowner awareness campaign on forest restoration

• ENABLE

3. Increase availability of native seeds and seedlings

4. Build markets for goods and services generated by restored forests

5. Strengthen institutional cooperation and policy coherence for forest

restoration

• IMPLEMENT

6. Improve financial mechanisms for forest restoration

7. Strengthen extension services and capacity building for forest

restoration

8. Develop and implement a spatial planning and monitoring system for

forest restoration

9. Increase research on forest restoration

• TARGETED EFFORTS

10. Restore APP in riparian areas

11. Kick-start wide-scale natural regeneration

And the eleven strategies are…

Target 2: define ecological restoration protocols for each

biogeographical domain

*Partnership with Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation)

Develop online database

Provide information on methods and techniques

Collect ecological restoration data in each biogeographical region

Restoration methods clearing house

Data

analysis

Analysis of costs, revenues, benefits, and risks of supply chain restoration

Demand for restoration

Ability to restore

(structure)

public policies to boost

ecological restoration,

based on economical

analysis

Bottlenecks and

restoration business

cases

*Partnership with IIS, IPEA and Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact

Target 3: perform economic viability analyses for each biogeographical domain

Target 4: implement 12 CRADs (Reference Centers for Ecological Restoration)

• Activities: research, training and outreaching in ecological restoration

• University and NGOs based centers

• Governmental regulation (in process): procedure for formal mission and duties statement (criteria, scope of activities, target public)

• Financial and institutional sustainability

CRADs

Training courses

Nursery development

Seedling production

Outreach Photos: CRAD

University of Brasília

Biodiversity and Climate Change in Atlantic Forest

• International Initiative for Climate Protection (IKI/BMU)

Remaining vegetation

• 22% in different stages of regeneration

• 8% well conserved fragments (>100 ha)

• 20.000 plants

• 850 bird species

• 370 amphibian species

• 200 reptile species

• 270 mammal species

• 350 fish species

60% of endangered species

Protected areas ~ 10.000.000 ha (8% of original cover) e

10 PA mosaics (570.000 ha)

Why Atlantic Forest?

Biodiversity hotspot

245.173 fragments:

• 83% less than 50 ha (20% of area)

• 15% btw 50 - 500 ha (30% of area)

• 2% btw 500 - 10.000 ha (25% of area)

• 0,03% larger than 10.000 ha (25% of area)

High isolation (medium distance until the nearest forest):

• 1,4 km incl. all fragments until 30 ha

• 3,5 km incl. only fragments > 50 ha

• 8,0 km incl. only fragments > 200 ha

(fonte: Ribeiro, MC, Metzger, JP, Martensen, AC, Ponzoni, FJ, Hirota, MM. 2009. The Brazilian Atlantica Forest: How much is left and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 142)

Few and isolated

High fragmented but with some large blocks

Foto: Pacto

At stake • 1,3 millions km2 (15% of Brazil)

• 17 states and more than 3.400 counties

• 120 millions (70 % Brazilian population)

• 80% of Brazilian GNP

• Hydrological, climate, slope and soil protections

• Tourism, and cultural values: key scenic landscapes

Dunas da Cidreira (RS)

It’s key for the us …

Ecosystem services

remaining forest : 8 -22%

population concentration: 70 %

economical importance 80 % GDP

high value for restoration of ecosystem services

Forest restoration and connectiveness increase reduce impacts from expected increase of extreme climate events

High potential of carbon sequestration: high content, addionality and permanence

Perfect place for one of the largest forest restoration initiative (AF Restoration PACT : 15,4 millions ha)

Dunas da Cidreira (RS)

The rationale:

© Veracel Celulose

The potential …

Social aspects • New jobs and more incoming to

poor local communities

Economical aspects • Strengthening of restoration

custody chain

• Land availability: 31 millions ha of low productivity pastures with low opportunity cost

• Leakage risk could be neutralized with increase of pasture productivity exploring the low use of support capacity (34%)

Socioenvironmental

Foto: Pacto

What are the benefits …

Some key inputs: Spatial strategy for Atlantic Forest

Long term monitoring of forest remaining fragments Priority areas for biodiversity conservation Priority areas for connectiviness increase by forest restoration

biodiversity conservation

connectiviness increase by forest restoration

Inaction risks

Costs with tragedy versus costs with effective management of Permanent Protection Areas –

PPA in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro State (US dollars) PPA (river borders) Campo Grande neighborhood Bonsucesso neighborhood

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Costs with tragedy

Structural Total Cost $6.774.194,04 $19.207.109,78 $1.692.826,18 $4.429.561,64

Non-Structural Total Cost $75.208,71 $221.220,27 $24.972,44 $73.857,91

Emergency Total Costs $406.292,09 $1.470.613,96 $316.460,71 $722.695,60

Externalities (mortality e morbidity) $54.896.490,49 $187.036.199,29 $7.100.512,71 $24.191.946,53

Total Costs with tragedy $62.152.185,33 $207.935.143,29 $9.134.772,04 $29.418.061,69

Costs with effective management of PPAs

Costs with reallocation of settlements

located on PPAs $2.978.236,80 $8.603.795,20 $2.765.218,62 $7.988.409,73

Costs with urbanization of new

settlements (out of PPAs) $766.577,78 $1.724.800,00 $488.888,89 $1.100.000,00

Costs with PPA reforestation $19.505,69 $37.694,80 $72.392,22 $139.898,98

Opportunity costs of agriculture on PPAs

$0,00 $0,00 $183.873,07 $234.277,02

Total Costs with effective management

of PPAs $3.764.320,27 $10.366.290,00 $3.510.372,80 $9.462.585,73

Suzano’s area in Mucuri – BA Fibria’s area in Aracruz – ES

Restoration associated with management of timber and non-timber forest products

Experimental area – around 10 ha

What are the best restoration models for Atlantic Forest ?

A taxonomy of forest restoration models

Investments in timber sector

Current planting area – ~1000 ha of native species Goal – 100.000 ha

Symbiosis - area in Trancoso, Porto Seguro - BA

Creating track records and better economical analysies

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2008

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2008

Obrigado !

Carlos Alberto de Mattos Scaramuzza, PhD Director

55-61-2028-2028 carlos.scaramuzza@mma.gov.br