Jan. 21, 2003 APAN 2003 Conference in Fukuoka 1

FOREST MONITORING PROTOTYPE FOREST MONITORING PROTOTYPE SYSTEM USING WEB MAPPING SYSTEM USING WEB MAPPING

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

RESTEC Kaori Kuroiwa

NASDA 　 Shin-ichi Sobue

NASDA Osamu Ochiai

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ContentsContents

Background Purpose Introduction of Web Mapping Technology Providing Data Use case System Overview Main Considerations for system design Conclusion

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BackgroundBackground Earth observation data has been highly effective in

environmental monitoring, especially it has been shown to be useful for monitoring forest fires and for agricultural management

However, Earth Observation Satellite data is not yet commonly used for operational purposes.

So, we would like to promote research and operational use of Earth Observation Satellite data for agriculture and forest fire applications by providing multi-satellite data and in-situ data.

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PurposePurpose

To study new services and possibilities of data interoperability between the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan

(MAFF) and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) through the Development of a prototype system for the forest fire monitoring in Thailand

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Introduction of web mapping Introduction of web mapping technologytechnology

Standard interface of Interoperability for Spatial data via WWW.

OpenGIS 　 Consortium (OGC) Specification Standard interface between Client and Server

– Possible to send the request as same message format to multiple servers (to the distributed environment)

– Possible to develop own system independently Don’t need to understand the system configuration of other servers,

only care about the standard interface

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http://a-map-co.com/mapserver.cgi?VERSION=1.1.0&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG:4326&BBOX=-97.105,24.913,78.794,36.358&WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350&LAYERS=AVHRR-09-27&STYLES=&FORMAT=image/png&BGCOLOR=0xFFFFFF&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage

http://b-maps.com/map.cgi?VERSION=1.1.0&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG:4326&BBOX=-97.105,24.913,78.794,36.358&WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350&LAYERS=BUILTUPA_1M,COASTL_1M,POLBNDL_1M&STYLES=0XFF8080,0X101040,BLACK&FORMAT=image/png&BGCOLOR=0xFFFFFF&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage

Reference ： http://www.opengis.org/techno/implementation.htm

WMS (Web Map Server)WMS (Web Map Server)

Combined 　 Image

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Providing DataProviding Data Fire risk map Fire risk map

– the risk of each 10 days is determined by the dryness of the area using NOAA/AVHRR NDVI and channel 4.

JERS1-SAR mosaic dataJERS1-SAR mosaic data– Mosaic data of Southeast Asia using JERS1-SAR

NoNo　　 Forest Area mask dataForest Area mask data– No Forest Area mask data of Thailand

Hotspots dataHotspots data– Hotspots extract from NOAA/AVHRR data– Hotspots extract from DMSP/OLS data

Map dataMap data– DCW (Digital Chart World): coastline, boundaries– Global Map: river, load and so on

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Fire risk mapsFire risk maps

March March with no forest area mask

October October with no forest area mask

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JERS1-JERS1-SAR SAR imageimage

Target area: Thailand

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Use caseUse case

Target user– Forest fire monitoring operators in Thailand

Needs of operators– To grasp the situation about extensive forest fire easily

and timely– For an operational system it is important to study the

use case.

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Use CaseUse Case Operators can find the latest fire locations and evaluate further risk of

fires by combining fire risk maps with the latest hot spot information. For a more detailed understanding the operator can zoom into an area

and overlay hot spots onto the JERS-SAR mosaic image to understand the topography. Also, the operator can overlay state boundaries, rivers, roads, etc.

For confirming the location of fire spot the operator can see the lat/lon information on other window.

Operator can do temporal searches on historical (past) Fire Risk maps and hot spots database.

Operator can save the image in JPEG format and hot spot lat/lon information in text format.

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System overviewSystem overview Fire risk map server 　（ WMS 1.1.0)

– For getting a request from the forest monitoring client and sending to the client a fire risk map which is processed according to a request

JERS1-SAR mosaic data server (WMS 1.1.0)– For getting a request from forest monitoring client and sending to the

client a mosaic image which is processed according to a request

Hotspots server (WMS 1.1.0 & WFS 0.0.14)– For overlying the hotspots on the fire risk map and mosaic image, W

MS interface is used. – For showing the location (lat/lon) of hotspots WFS interface is used.

Forest monitoring client– For sending the requests to multiple server and getting the image fro

m multiple servers and combine multiple images

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Machine environmentMachine environmentServer name OS Software

Fire risk map server Solaris 2.7 Apache( WWW server), Perl (Script languare),

IDL (Image processing software)

JESR-SAR mosaic data server

Linux 7.3 Apache, Perl, IDL

Hotspots data server Linux 7.3 Apahce, Perl,

PostgreSQL (DB), IDL

Forest monitoring Clinet

Linux 7.3 Apahce,

EarthNavi (Map Applet), PostgreSQL (DB), PHP,

GD library

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Figure 2 System ConfigurationFigure 2 System Configuration

Hotspots data server（WMS＆WFS）

Forest Monitoring Client

RequestRequest

Image Image

Request

Result

Fire risk map

Fire risk map（WMS）

AVHRR＆DMSP

hotspots　 DB

JERS SAR Mosaic data server

JERS-SAR mosaic data server

（WMS）

RequestGMLRequest

Image

internet

WMS and WFSWMS and WFSI/F pertI/F pert

User

internet

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Main considerations for system design Simple and Easy user interfaceSimple and Easy user interface

– According to study the use case, the usefulness functions were selected. – Reduce a missing of input form user by preparing the check box and pull down menu

Consideration of limited bandwidths in ThailandConsideration of limited bandwidths in Thailand– Small data sizes– Minimize the number of transmissions

How to show the continuous days of forest fireHow to show the continuous days of forest fire– Important to know the continuous days of forest fire – Forest fire usually continue 3days, big forest fire continue 5days.– Scientists wanted the system to show the number of days that a fire had burned in the

same area. – The solution chosen was to show the age of the fire by its color. Thus, a new fire is

shown in red, a fire one day old is shown in pink, and fires that are two or more days old are shown in another color.

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Display imageDisplay image

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Legend of Hot spotsLegend of Hot spots

0 1dayago

2dayago

3dayago

0 1dayago

2dayago

3dayago

AVHRR hotspots DMSP/OLS hotspots

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ConclusionsConclusions Confirmed the possibilities to provide the valuable services by

combining the data from multiple servers using web mapping technology

By using the standard interface – Possible to provide the data to WMS compliant system– Increase the field of data usage

Prototype system operation is scheduled to end of February, 2003. We will obtain comments from the users to guide us in

developing a more useful system. In addition, this data will be available to the planned Digital Asia

Network for Southeast Asia as a demonstration system.