forest fires 2011 season in romania l ministry of environment and forests l bucharest, romania...
DESCRIPTION
PERIOD 2002 No. of years LEGEND RAINY REGIME NORMAL REGIME DROUGHTY REGIME THE PERIODICITY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL REGIME IN ROMANIA FigTRANSCRIPT
Forest fires 2011 season in Romania
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Bucharest, Romania
*Septimius Mara, *Septimius Mara, ** The Ministry of Environment and Forests, BucharestThe Ministry of Environment and Forests, Bucharest
METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMÂNIA
In România, during 2011 was recorded an increased soil moisture deficit in the country (Fig).
Extreme severe drought years in Romania during the 20th century: Decade 1901-1910: 1907-1908Decade 1911-1920: 1917-1918Decade 1921-1930: 1923-1924, 1927-1928Decade 1931-1940: 1934-1935Decade 1941-1950:1945-1946, 1947-1948, 1949-1950Decade 1951-1960: 1952-1953Decade 1961-1970: 1962-1963, 1964-1965Decade 1971-1980: 1973-1974, 1975-1976Decade 1981-1990:1982-1983,1985-1986,1987-1988Decade 1991-2000: 1992-1993, 1999-2000Extreme severe drought years in Romania during the 21st century: Decade 2001-2010: 2000-2001, 2001-2002, 2002-2003, 2006-2007, 2008-2009,
2011
3
1881 - 1893
1918 - 1930
1906 - 1917
1982 - 2003
1969 - 1981
1954 - 1968
1931 - 1941
1942 - 1953
1894 - 1905
PERIOD2002
No. of years
1412 12 12
1311
1513
21 LEGEND
RAINY REGIME
NORMAL REGIME
DROUGHTY REGIME
THE PERIODICITY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL
REGIME IN ROMANIA
1881 1893 1905 1917 1930 1941 1953 1968 1981
2004-2006
2007
2007
2008
1 1
2
2009
Fig.
2010
2011
1 1 1
2011
4Fig. Surface water run-off regime for the summer (June-August) of 2011
Iza
Lapus
Barcau
Crasna
Cerna
Gilo
r t
Motru
Desna tu i
P ra hovaTeleajen
Rm .Sarat
Suceava
LespeziBahlui
Ciucea
Oradea
C luj
Turda
Band
Satu Mare
Bistra
N epos
Bistrita
Itcani
Brod ina
G. Humorului
SiretDorohoi
Radauti Prut
Frum osu
Tupila ti
Sara teniGoioasa
Tg. O cna
D ragesti
V ic toria
U ngheni
D ra ngen i
Ias i
N eg resti
Ba rlad
O ancea
Tataru
R acovita
C as im cea
Adancata
Bu de sti
C aluga reni
Teleorm an
Buzesti
Po da ri
G ru ia
C etate
C ala fat
Be ch et C orab iaTr. M agurele
Z im n icea
G iurgiu
O ltenitaC ala rasi
Fe testi
H arsova
Braila
G ala ti
Isaccea
Tu lce a
C ernavoda
Top let
Sa lard
D om anes ti
Lapusel
Vadu Izei
D ej
G loden i
Tarnaven i
M e dias
Sebe s
C orne t
R upea G ara
H oghiz
M . D om n easca
Sancra ien i
Bla jMures
Mur
es
Branisca
Talm aciu
VoineasaIscroni
Feldioara
NehoiuTesila
Reci
BotarlauLungoci
Bahna Rusulu i
Maluren i
Mioveni
Po ianaTapulu i
Turburea
Filiasi
Malucu
FloriC ose reni
Fata M otru lui
Ba ls
M a lu Spart
Lunguletu
Alexandria
G ata ia
M ora vita
Partos
Varadia
Dalboset
Bazias
LugojVo is lova
FagetBa lint
Chizatau
Arad
BeregsauP ischia
R adna
G urahont
Chisineu Cris
Tinca H olo d
Talpos
Zerind
M ih alt
S ire t Barla
d
Tur
Somes
A ries
Somesul Mare
Som
esul
Mic
Ta rnava M ica
Ta rnava Ma re
Viseu
C risu l R ep ede
Crisul N egru
Ho lod
C risu l A lb
BegaBega Veche
Ne ra
JiuO
ltet
Vedea
Teleorman Arges
Neajlov
Buzau
Calm atui
Putna
Trotus
Hom
orod
Raul Neg
ru
Moldova
BaseuJ ijia
Bis trita
Dambovita
Barzava
C aras
M o ra v ita Timis
Pogonis Bistra
Str e
i
Turu lungNegresti
Prut
D una rea
Olt
Olt
Cibin
Lo tru
SMM M
SVBT
BH SJ BNNT
IS
CJM S
HR BC VSAR
AB
SB
BVCV VN G L
TM
HD
CSG J VL
AG D B PH
BZ
BRTL
M H
D J
O T
TR
G R
SA I
C L
IL
CT
50-80 % din valorile norm ale lunare
80-100 % din valorile norm ale lunare
30-50 % din valorile norm ale lunare
>100 % din valorile norm ale lunare
10-30 % din valorile norm ale lunare
Legend:>100% of the normal monthly values
80%-100% of the normal monthly values
50%-80% of the normal monthly values
30%-50% of the normal monthly values
10%-30% of the normal monthly values
5Fig. Water soil reserve at the beginning of September 2011 in the depth layer of 0-20 cm
6
B. 2011 FOREST FIRE SEASON IN ROMANIA
Because of the relatively low precipitation values, the year 2011 could be considered as a whole drought compared with other previous years, because was recorded not so frequent precipitation and increased soil humidity deficits.
Therefore, the climatologically and hydrological conditions in 2011 led to a an increased number of forest fires and burnt surface all over Romania (as seen in the figures), higher than previous year.
Fig.
Fig.
The economical losses due to forest fires aren’t very high, because the population and the authorities intervene for extinguishing the forest fires in early phase. The low economical losses are also determinate by the geographic condition from our country, but also by the forests composition. The economical losses assessed are relatively small because the damages are calculated only for substitution forest value and timber values, and also because young forests were most affected by fires.
Fig.
10
Causes of the forest fires in Romania
During 2011, the major cause of forest fires, as in the recent years was represented by the agricultural practices of the people from the rural area, represented by the cleaning of the fields by uncontrolled ignition of the dried plant wastes.
11
Acknowledgements We thank to ROMSILVA for the updated
inventory of the forest fires during 1986-2011
12
Forest fire situation in Danube Deltaduring 2011
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Bucharest, Romania
Reed fires during 2008-2011 in Danube Delta Biosfere Rezerve
21 7 46
1801
600
200 150 230
51
990
2894
266
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
2008 2009 2010 2011
years
burn
t ree
d ar
ea (h
a)
no. of reed firesreed fires surfacelargest fire
Danube Biosphere Danube Biosphere Reserve (Ua)Reserve (Ua)
Danube Delta Danube Delta Biosphere Biosphere Reserve (Ro)Reserve (Ro)
Case study: Danube Delta reed fire from Vadu-Corbu area during
20-21 august 2011
Localization of the
fire vegetation area
14
Fig. Uncontrolled burnt of the surface vegetation in Danube Delta could spread all over the meadow surface area
15Fig. Difficult intervention of the firefighters in the humid reed areas during fire event
16Fig. Large smog quantities emitted during the vegetation fires in Danube Delta
17
Fig. Aftermath of the vegetation fire in Danube Delta: the burnt areas are difficult to access
18
Fig. Aftermath of the vegetation fire in Danube Delta: the humid reed areas are difficult to access by firefighter heavy equipment
19
Fig. Aftermath of the vegetation fire in Danube Delta: patches of green reed remained untouched by the fires
20
Fig. Aftermath of the vegetation fire in Danube Delta: the road acted as a barrier against the spreading of the fires
21
Impact of the vegetation fires on the reed area of Danube Delta
The only interventions were took place just on Constanta county, where the military firefighter units intervened in the affected area of Vadu-Corbu. For the remote areas of Danube Delta, the vegetation fires were extinguished by themselves.
22
Prevention measure for the vegetation fires on the reed
area of Danube Delta
In case of prescribed burning of the reed, weren’t recorded damages for the biodiversity protected areas,
just stressed avifauna migrated from the burnt areas in other safe zones.
- Campaign: Stop the illegal burning of the reed areas!”
which emphasize the use of alternate harvesting of the reed instead of illegal burning ( in the previous
years the number of the reed fires were reduced by 30%).
23
Acknowledgements
We thank to Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Administration – ARBDD, for the updated inventory of the reed fires during 2008-2011