Forensic Science-Unit 6

Blood Spatter Packet #3

Ms. Wines April 24th-May 15th

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IF YOU LEARN ANY THING FROM

THIS UNIT, KNOW THAT IT IS…

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Assignments: 1. Blood Basic Notes

2. Sam Shepard Case

3. “A ‘Bloody’ Mess: The use of Blood Evidence in Criminal Cases” Worksheet

4. Lab Experiment #7: Microscopic Analysis of Blood: Human vs. Animal Worksheet

5. What TYPE of Blood is it? Worksheet

6. What’s Your Blood Type? Don’t know; research some ways that you could find out!

7. Quiz: Blood Types

8. Blood Spatter Notes

9. Video: Science of Murder: Blood Spatter

10. Video: Blood Pattern Analysis Worksheet

11. Classify the Bloodstain Pattern Worksheet

12. Video: Forensic File: Invisible Intruder; Worksheet

13. Case Study: The Ludwig Tessnow Case; Write-up

14. Case Study: How did Phil Beardman Die? Worksheet

15. Blood Basics Quiz

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Instructions: Take NOTES. Notes are available on google classroom under Unit 6

Blood Basics

What is the difference?

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

Angles…

Velocities and surfaces

TARGET SURFACE TEXTURE

• ________droplets that _______

linoleum flooring take on a slightly

different appearance. Notice the

_____________ (scalloping) around

the edge of the blood droplets.

• i.e. the outer edge of the

droplet, resembling a scallop shell.

___ ___ ___ ___

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Sam Sheppard Case

Read pages 317-318 (Article is attached below) and…

1. Summarize the evidence.

2. Think about the importance of blood evidence being more than just ID of

someone's blood type

3. Direction of travel, angle of impact, position of origin, blood drops and speed at

impact

How Marilyn was murdered is indisputable: sometime in the pre-dawn hours of July 4,

1954, Dr. Sheppard's wife, four months pregnant with their second child, was savagely

beaten to death in the couple's bedroom, struck twenty-seven times in the head and thirty-

five times in all, with a blunt-force weapon, while the Sheppards' son, Chip, slept soundly

next door. Her injuries were horrifying: a broken nose and shattered skull, terrible crescent-

shaped gashes on her forehead and scalp, a fingernail on her left hand nearly torn from the

cuticle, and two incisors broken or else ripped out when she bit her attacker. There was

evidence of a sexual assault: her pajama top had been pushed up around her neck, the

bottom left dangling from her right leg. The room was haloed in blood from sheets to

ceiling, headboard to mattress, the walls splattered except for a space off to the side of the

bed where her killer stood, his clothes absorbing the spray, his weapon spewing more blood

each time his arm was raised. As to motive, there was evidence downstairs of a robbery:

drawers were pulled from cabinets and Dr. Sam's medical bag was overturned. His watch,

signet ring, and keychain, along with several other items, had been stashed in a green duffel

bag that was discovered on the property. Yet there seemed to be something personal about

the burglary, more akin to vandalism than theft: several of the couple's sporting trophies'

figureheads1, for example, had been broken off, as if in spite. At the same time, the home

had been rifled too neatly, as if the robbery itself had been staged. Most mysteriously and

suspiciously, only the items in the green duffel bag were taken from the home; Marilyn's

wristwatch had been left behind in the study, along with her husband's wallet, with a $1000

check and cash inside.

What makes up our blood?

• RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – ___________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

http://adam-ross.com/mr-peanut/did-sam-do-it/

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• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – __________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

• PLASMA – _______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

• PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Blood Facts

The average ___________ has about _______ liters of blood inside of their body, which

makes up _________ of their body ___________.

__________ is living _____________ that carries ________ and nutrients to all parts of the

body, and carries _________________ and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys

and liver for ______________. It also fights against _____________ and helps heal

______________, so we can stay healthy.

There are about one ____________ red blood cells in ____________________ drops of

blood. For every ______ red blood cells, there are about 40 platelets and ______ white cell.

Genetics of Blood Types

• Your blood ________ is established before you are ________, by

specific _________ inherited from your parents.

• You inherit one gene from your __________ and one from your

_____________.

• These genes determine your blood type by causing ____________

called __________________ to exist on the _____________ of all of

your red blood cells.

What are blood types?

There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type: __________________.

Since we have 2 genes, there are _____ possible combinations.

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How common is your blood type?

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm

____%

38.8%

___%

3.9%

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Blood Transfusions

A _________________________ is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an

intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to ________ blood

lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body

________________ make blood properly because of an ________________.

Who can give you blood?

People with _____________ blood are called

___________________ Donors, because they can

give blood to ________ blood type.

People with _____________ blood are called

Universal ________________, because they can

_____________ any blood type.

Rh + → Can receive + or -

Rh - → Can only receive –

Rh Factors

• Scientists sometimes study ________________________

to learn more about the human ______________ because

there are certain similarities between the _______

species. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a __________

blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present

in the blood of some people. Other people, however, do

not have the protein.

• The presence of the ___________, or lack of it, is referred

to as the ______ (for Rhesus) factor.

• If your blood does _________ the protein, your blood is

said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does

_____________ the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-).

Blood Evidence

• Blood samples – __________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Universal Donor

Universal Recipient

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• Blood droplets – __________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

• Blood spatter – ___________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

“A ‘Bloody’ Mess: The use of Blood Evidence in Criminal Cases”

The Worksheet and Article are attached below.

Instructions:

• Read through the introduction

• Complete “Changes in Blood”

• Read: “Looking at Red Blood Cells Under the Microscope;”

• And then answer the following questions

1- Why would the body produce more red blood cells in low Oxygen conditions?

2- Is this a benefit? Why or why not?

3- Forensically, How could this knowledge help

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Lab Experiment #7: Microscopic Analysis of Blood: Human vs. Animal

Below is the worksheet that goes with the following photos:

Instructions: Complete the Worksheet “Lab Experiment #7: Microscopic Analysis of Blood:

Human vs. Animal” given the pictures provided.

You must choose 1 animal blood slide to draw, make sure that you give a complete microscope

diagram; which includes your name, specimen name, magnification (listed on the worksheet),

and scale (this was not included on your worksheet, use 10 µm).

Additionally, answer Part II: Related Questions.

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What TYPE of Blood is it?

Instructions: Read and complete activity 5-4 and 5-5 (use the chart providednbelow if you are still confused about the compatibility of blood types)

• Answer questions (Related Queries) 1 and 2

• Read and Complete “Related Case Study Exercise:”-Questions are in the last

paragraph of the article and also listed below.

1- How many people were involved?

2- What were the course of events that may have occurred?

3- Who (identify) is the suspect, who is presumed to have committed this

murder?

4- Give a small diagram of your analysis of this scenario.

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Emma.berthold@science.org.au. “Why Are Some Blood Types Incompatible with Others?”

Curious, 4 June 2018, www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/why-are-some-blood-types-

incompatible-others.

http://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/why-are-some-blood-types-incompatible-othershttp://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/why-are-some-blood-types-incompatible-others

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https://gfycat.com/secondaryheartybobolink-gif-videos-comedy

Anonymous. “Blood Type Chart And Compatibility GIF.” Gfycat, 27 Aug. 2018,

gfycat.com/secondaryheartybobolink-gif-videos-comedy.

What’s Your Blood Type? Don’t know; research some ways that you

could find out!

Instructions: if you know your blood type, just list it. If not research on how you could find out

your blood, and write 1-2 sentences informing me about you found.

https://gfycat.com/secondaryheartybobolink-gif-videos-comedy

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Quiz: Blood Types

1. Blood types are determined by the protein located on

a) All of the blood cells

b) Only the white blood cells

c) Only the T-helper cells

d) Only the red blood cells

2. Blood proteins that determine blood types are

a) On the surface of the membrane

b) Inside the cytoplasm

c) Both on the cell membrane and inside the of the cytoplasm

d) Found in the bone marrow

3. If a person has type A- blood, then they have

a) Only the A protein

b) Both the A and Rh proteins

c) All three blood proteins

d) The Rh protein but not the A or B proteins

4. If a person has O+ blood, then they have

a) The A and B protein, but lack the Rh protein

b) An O protein but not the Rh protein

c) None of the ABO nor the Rh proteins

d) The Rh protein but not the A or the B proteins

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Instructions: Take NOTES. Notes are available on google classroom under Unit 6

Blood Spatter Warm up…

Carl was attacked by an alligator while swimming in the pool at the water park. He lost a

large amount of blood and needed a transfusion, after arriving at the hospital he was given

a bag of blood labeled B+. Later the nurse tested his blood type and he was AB-.

Is Carl able to accept B+ blood? Explain.

Spatter, NOT Splatter!

Bugs splatter

Blood spatters

• When a wound is inflicted and ____________ leaves the body, a blood-spatter pattern

may be _______________.

• A ____________ stain or drop of blood does not constitute a _____________.

• A blood spatter can help ______________ the series of events surrounding a

______________, ______________, or ______________.

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History of Blood Spatter

• _______ – Pitoroski wrote the earliest reference to blood spatter

• 1939 – Balthazard first researcher to __________________________ of spatter pattern

• 1955 – blood spatter evidence used in the _____________________case, helping to

_____________ him

• _________ – Dr. Herbert McDonnell used blood-spatter analysis as ________ in forensic

examination

Analysis

Given blood-spatter patterns, it is possible to determine

• ______________________________________

____________________________________

• _____________________________________

• _____________________________________

• ______________________________________

____________________________________

Did you ever wonder why blood forms droplets as it falls

from the wound?

Why doesn’t it separate in the air before it hits the ground or

an object?

Answer –

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

_________________________________________________.

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Properties of Blood

• _______________: pulls it to ground

– Droplet becomes ____________ than ________

• Cohesion: blood mixture is ________________ to similar blood

______________ and sticks together, not _________________, as it falls

– Causes droplet to stay ____________

• _______________: attractive forces of two

different objects

– starts as _______________ because

of adhesion

• Surface Tension: the __________ like

property of the surface of the __________

that makes it tend to contract, caused by

the forces of _______________ between

the molecules of the liquid.

– Formation of a ___________

• Recall that blood is a thick mixture of _________________ and _______________.

• When a person is bleeding, ____________ acts on blood, pulling it _________________

toward the ground.

• Being _____________- the blood mixture is attracted to similar blood mixtures and

tends to stick together and not separate as it falls.

• When blood falls on a __________ surface

– The blood drop will have a __________ surface

– The blood drop _______________ totally __________ out

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0d/BPA_ellipse_example.jpg

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– Cohesion- _____________________________________!

– Surface is elastic, giving the top of the blood spatter a _________________ shape.

• If any of the blood does __________________ cohesion…

– ______________ from the __________ droplet of blood

– Forms _____________ droplets

– These are known as ___________________

• If blood is dropped onto a _____________ surface

– Such as glass or marble

– The edge of the blood drop is ___________ and

___________.

• If blood is dropped on a ____________ surface

– such as wood or ceiling tile

– The edge of the blood drop may form small ____________ that are still

_________________ to the main droplet of blood.

Blood Droplets

• _____ surface – edge of blood drop appears _________

and circular

– Glass, marble

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• ___________ surface – edge of drop of blood may form small ________

(extensions) or ______________

– ____________ – attached to

make droplet

– ____________ – not attached to

main droplet

• In1909 Dr. John Glaister first described the ________ patterns into which

blood spatters could be ________________.

WATCH VIDEO: Video: the science of murder:blood spatter

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794)

Answer the following questions about the video:

1. What was the purpose of placing the blood on the sponge and hitting it with a

hammer?

2. How was hitting the sponge with the hammer classified?

3. What is the tail, and what does it tell forensic scientist?

4. What are the two methods that the expects use to reconstruct a crime?

5. How can they determine that a murder walked away verses one who ran away?

Blood Spatter Notes Continued…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od8YuwUT794

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Six Patterns Blood can be classified:

1. ___________ Fall - Blood falling ________ to

floor at ______-degree angle will produce

__________ drops, with more

_________________________ being produced if

the surface it hits is _________________.

2. Arterial __________ or _________ – typically

found on ___________ or ______________ caused by pumping action of the

_______________

3. ________________ – shaped like _________________ points.

– Shape and position of spatter pattern can help __________ the ______________

of the victim at the time of the _____________

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4. ___________ – left by ______________ victim _______________ blood as he or she

touches or brushes against a wall or furniture

– transfers

6. ____________ – form around victim who is bleeding

_______________ and _____________ in one place.

– If victim is _______________ to another location,

there may be _____________ or __________________

connecting the first location with a second

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Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

Instructions: Watch the video- “These Are the Three Main Categories of Bloodstain Pattern” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjfdpenl1Rc&feature=emb_logo

And Answer the following Questions.

1. What are the 3 types of blood stains?

a.

b.

c.

2. What is the shape of a drop produced from a passive drop?

3. List 2 examples of how passive drops would occur in a crime scene.

a.

b.

4. What is 1 example of what would create a transfer stain at a crime scene?

5. Label the pictures below with low velocity, medium velocity, or high velocity. Then give

an example of what weapon would create each.

Velocity

Weapon Example

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjfdpenl1Rc&feature=emb_logo

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Classify the Bloodstain Pattern

Instructions: Using the word bank provided, classify the bloodstain patterns, and how the stain

was created.

Passive Fall Arterial Spurt

Splash Smear

Trail Pool

Transfers Cast-off

Bloodstain Classification How was it created?

1

2

3

4

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5

6

7

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Bonus Question: Look at the photo.

What is the reason for the circle/clean space

in the middle?

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Forensic Files: Invisible Intruder

Instructions: Watch Forensic Files Invisible Intruders, and answer the following questions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDiW2go11xo&disable_polymer=true

Questions:

1. Whose blood was found on the sock outside?

2. What was suspicious about the broken wine glass?

3. True or false: The blood spatter on the vacuum cleaner was consistent with Darlie running past it.

4. What do circular blood drops indicate?

5. True or false: Blood drops deposited by someone moving quickly are elliptical in shape.

6. True or false: A dropped bloody knife would leave evidence on the floor, such as an outline

7. What is luminol?

8. True or false: The blood pattern at the kitchen sink was consistent with someone running past it

9. What was found on another knife in the kitchen?

10. What was found on the back of Darlie’s nightshirt?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDiW2go11xo&disable_polymer=true

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Instructions: Read Case Study-The Ludwig Tessnow Case and complete a write-up.

Case Study Write-up:

What:

• Brief description of case

Who:

• Victim, suspect, & their relationship

• Any other key players (witnesses, lawyers, experts)

When/ Where:

• Year, geographic location (ex: San Diego, CA)

• Physical location/ time of day

Evidence:

• Forensic evidence/ witness testimony

• How did the suspect become a suspect?

• Did suspect have the means/ motive/ opportunity?

Outcome:

• Legal outcome

Reflections:

• Why do you think this case is famous?

Instructions: Read the Case Study: How did Phil Breardman Die? And answer the questions on

the following worksheets.

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2

3

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