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UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project2013 Modern Israel Summer Institute

Negotiating PeaceOlivia Santillan Grade 11

Unit Topic: Modern Israel

Unit Focus Question: How has the creation of the state of Israel impacted the politics, geography, and people of the region?

Unit Teaching Thesis: The establishment of an Israeli state has impacted the political, social, and economic landscape of the region beginning with the Age of Empire the rise of nationalism in the region and Europe, continuing through the creation and modern condition of state of Israel and Israel’s influence on US foreign policy in the middle east.

History-Social Science Content Standard:11.9 Students analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II.

6. Describe U.S. Middle East policy and its strategic, political, and economic interests, including those related to the Gulf War.

9-12 Historical and Social Sciences Analysis Skills:Chronological and Spatial Thinking2. Students analyze how change happens at different rates at different times; understand that some aspects can change while others remain the same; and understand that change is complicated and affects not only technology and politics but also values and beliefs.

Historical Research, Evidence, and Point of View4. Students construct and test hypotheses; collect, evaluate, and employ information from multiple primary and secondary sources; and apply it in oral and written presentations.

Common Core Standards: Reading Standards for Literacy in History / Social Studies 6-12: Grade 9-12 Students: Reading: Informational Text11.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain.11.6 Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text

Common Core Standards: Writing Standards for Literacy in History / Social Studies 6-12: Grade 9-12 Students11.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Lesson Plan Lesson Topic: Peace Process

Lesson Focus Questions: Identify and explain how competing interests have shaped the peace process between Israelis and Palestinians in modern Israel.

Lesson Teaching Thesis: In the post 9/11 world, obstacles to creating peace bewtween the Israelis and Paliestinians still persist. These obstacles include land issues and varying perspectives from the Israelis, Palestinians, and the United States on the details of a two-state solution.

Text: Prentice Hall World History textbook, “Overcoming Obstacles”, page 592 - 593.

Copies of relevant passages included.

Primary Sources:

Abbas, Mahmoud. "Abbas’ Remarks to the UN General Assembly, September 2012."Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013.

Bush, George W. "American Rhetoric: George W. Bush - Rose Garden Speech on Israel-Palestine Two-State Solution." American Rhetoric: George W. Bush - Rose Garden Speech on Israel-Palestine Two-State Solution. American Rhetoric, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013.

Netanyahu, Benjamin. " Address by PM Netanyahu at Bar-Ilan University." GxMSDev. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013.

Obama, Barack H. "American Rhetoric: Barack Obama - Speech at Cairo University."American Rhetoric: Barack Obama - Speech at Cairo University. American Rhetoric, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013.

Writing Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

UCBHSSP StrategiesPrimary Source Analysis Strategy: Analyzing a Primary Source (modified)

Primary Sources: speeches by Obama, Netanyahu, Bush, and Abbas Four Student Worksheet and Teacher Keys provided

Reading Strategy: Passage Level Analysis: Main Idea/Detail Passage Level Analysis with Prentice Hall World History textbook, “Overcoming Obstacles”,

page 592 - 593. o Focus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what

is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians? Student Worksheet and Teacher Key provided

Writing Strategy:

Writing Question - What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

Student Worksheet Teacher Key

Possible Extension Activity Students research Israeli/Palestinian negotiations today – where do parties stand now?

PASSAGE LEVEL ANALYSIS – MAIN IDEA & DETAIL

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Focus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

Directions1. Read Prentice Hall World History textbook, “Overcoming Obstacles”, page 592 - 593. 2. Read with a pencil, marking the words, phrases, or passages that help you answer the focus

question. Look for signal words and phrases to help you identify the main ideas and details. (Signal words and phrases such as: due to, led to, although, for example, consequently, because.)

3. Discuss your findings with your neighbor. 4. Complete the chart for thesis/evidence.

Overcoming Obstables to Peace

Beyond the distrust and bitterness, many obstables to peace remained. One obstable was land claims by the Palestinians. Many Palestinians had fled their homes during Arab-Israeli wars. They wanted the right to return to their families’ lands. Israel opposed this “right of return,” which could bring a large number of Palestianis into Israel. A second obstable was the future of Israli settlements in the occupied territories. Israeli settlers were determined to remain. Palestinians insisted that they must leave.

Jerusalem was a third stumbling block. The city is sacred to Jews, Muslims, and Christians. As you have read, Israel occupied East Jerusalem, with a mostly Arab population, during the 1967 war. Later, Israel declared all of Jerusalem part of Israel and made Jersalem the capital of Israel. Palestinians, however, wanted East Jerusalem to be the capital of a future Palestinian state.

During the early 2000s, new steps towards peace offered some hope. The United States devised a new plan, called the “road map” to peace. It called for two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine, to exist side by side. In 2004, Israeli Prime Minister Sharon launced a plan to withdraw Israeli settlements from Gaza. The plan angered some Israelis and did not satisfy Palestinians, who wanted Israeli settlements removed from the West Bank as well. Still, the plan was a step toward peace.

Further progress followed the death in 2004 of Yasir Arafat, whom the Israelis distrusted. His democratically elected successor, Mahmoud Abbas, pledged to stop Palestinian terrorist attacks on Israel. Israel responded in 2005 by releasing hundreds of Palestinian prisoners. While these events brought new hopes for peace, serious obstacles remained.

Main Ideas and DetailsMain Idea

Palestinian Land Claims

Detail

Detail

Detail

Main Idea Detail

Israeli Settlements

Detail

Detail

Main Idea

Jerusalem

Detail

Detail

Detail

Main Idea

Two State Solution

Detail

Detail

Detail

WRITTEN SUMMARYWhat are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

The main obstacles_________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

A proposed solution_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

PASSAGE LEVEL ANALYSIS – MAIN IDEA & DETAILThe Israeli-Palestinian Conflict


Directions1. Read Prentice Hall World History textbook, “Overcoming Obstacles”, page 592 - 593. 2. Read with a pencil, marking the words, phrases, or passages that help you answer the focus

question. Look for signal words and phrases to help you identify the main ideas and details. (Signal words and phrases such as: due to, led to, although, for example, consequently, because.)

3. Discuss your findings with your neighbor. 4. Complete the chart for thesis/evidence.

Overcoming Obstables to Peace

KEY

Beyond the distrust and bitterness, many obstables to peace remained. One obstable was land claims by the Palestinians. Many Palestinians had fled their homes during Arab-Israeli wars. They wanted the right to return to their families’ lands. Israel opposed this “right of return,” which could bring a large number of Palestianis into Israel. A second obstable was the future of Israli settlements in the occupied territories. Israeli settlers were determined to remain. Palestinians insisted that they must leave.

Jerusalem was a third stumbling block. The city is sacred to Jews, Muslims, and Christians. As you have read, Israel occupied East Jerusalem, with a mostly Arab population, during the 1967 war. Later, Israel declared all of Jerusalem part of Israel and made Jersalem the capital of Israel. Palestinians, however, wanted East Jerusalem to be the capital of a future Palestinian state.

During the early 2000s, new steps towards peace offered some hope. The United States devised a new plan, called the “road map” to peace. It called for two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine, to exist side by side. In 2004, Israeli Prime Minister Sharon launced a plan to withdraw Israeli settlements from Gaza. The plan angered some Israelis and did not satisfy Palestinians, who wanted Israeli settlements removed from the West Bank as well. Still, the plan was a step toward peace.

Further progress followed the death in 2004 of Yasir Arafat, whom the Israelis distrusted. His democratically elected successor, Mahmoud Abbas, pledged to stop Palestinian terrorist attacks on Israel. Israel responded in 2005 by releasing hundreds of Palestinian prisoners. While these events brought new hopes for peace, serious obstacles remained.

Main Ideas and DetailsMain Idea

Palestinian Land Claims

DetailPalestinians left their land during Israel-Arab Wars

DetailThese Palestinians now want to return to their left lands – called the “right of return”- the was a stumbling block to peace

DetailIf this “right of return” is honored, many more Palestinians would live in Israel

Main Idea

Israeli Settlements

DetailIsraelis are determined to remain in settlements, which are areas settled by Israelis.

DetailPalestinians insisted that they must leave, especially the settlements in the West Bank.

DetailThese two reasons above were a second stumbling block to peace

Main Idea

Jerusalem

DetailEast Jerusalem was occupied by Israel in 1967

DetailEventually Israelis made all of Jerusalem the capital of Israel

DetailSince Jerusalem is a holy place to more than one group, this was a third stumbling block

Main Idea

Two State Solution

DetailThe US devised the Two State Solution plan

DetailIsraelis and Palestinians would live side by side as democracies

DetailSome Israelis were angered by the plan and some Palestinians were not satisfied with the plan

WRITTEN SUMMARYWhat are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

The main obstacles to the peace process are issues over land ownership and settlement. The Palestinians left their land during the Israel-Arab Wars and wanted to return once the wars were over. The Israelis and Palestinians did not agree on this “right of return”, as both Palestinians and Israelis claim rights to the same lands. Other obstacles to peace include the status of Jerusalem, which is a holy city to both Jews and Muslims. . A proposed solution is the two-state solution, made by the United States. According to the two-state solution, Israel and Palestinians would live side by side as democratic nations.

MAP COMPARISON

Focus Question: How have land claims changed in the last 100 years in Israel/Palestine?Directions:

1. Analyze the following maps and answer the focus question. 2. Highlight the border around the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Circle Jerusalem and a settlement.

MAP (ADD IN:, ,)MAP OF MANDATE PALESTINE MAP OF 1949 LINE MAP OF POST-1967

Focus Question: How have land claims changed in the last 100 years in Israel/Palestine?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Barack ObamaPresident of the United States 2009-present

Excerpts from Speech: A New Beginning: Speech at Cairo UniversityDelivered: June 4, 2009, Cairo, EgyptFull Speech Available for Reference: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/barackobama/barackobamacairouniversity.htm


Directions: Read the excerpt and underline or highlight suggested actions required for peace.……..Chunk 1The second major source of tension that we need to discuss is the situation between Israelis, Palestinians and the Arab world.

Chunk 2America's strong bonds with Israel are well known. This bond is unbreakable. It is based upon cultural and historical ties, and the recognition that the aspiration for a Jewish homeland is rooted in a tragic history that cannot be denied.

Chunk 3Around the world, the Jewish people were persecuted for centuries, and anti-Semitism in Europe culminated in an unprecedented Holocaust. Tomorrow, I will visit Buchenwald, which was part of a network of camps where Jews were enslaved, tortured, shot and gassed to death by the Third Reich. Six million Jews were killed -- more than the entire Jewish population of Israel today. Denying that fact is baseless, it is ignorant, and it is hateful. Threatening Israel with destruction -- or repeating vile stereotypes about Jews -- is deeply wrong, and only serves to evoke in the minds of Israelis this most painful of memories while preventing the peace that the people of this region deserve.

Chunk 4On the other hand, it is also undeniable that the Palestinian people -- Muslims and Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a homeland. For more than 60 years they've endured the pain of dislocation. Many wait in refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, and neighboring lands for a life of peace and security that they have never been able to lead. They endure the daily humiliations -- large and small -- that come with occupation. So let there be no doubt: The situation for the Palestinian people is intolerable. And America will not turn our backs on the legitimate Palestinian aspiration for dignity, opportunity, and a state of their own. (Applause.)

Chunk 5 For decades then, there has been a stalemate: two peoples with legitimate aspirations, each with a painful history that makes compromise elusive. It's easy to point fingers -- for Palestinians to point to the displacement brought about by Israel's founding, and for Israelis to point to the constant hostility and attacks throughout its history from within its borders as well as beyond. But if we see this conflict only from one side or the other, then we will be blind to the truth: The only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states, where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security. (Applause.)

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/barackobama/barackobamacairouniversity.htm

Chunk 6 That is in Israel's interest, Palestine's interest, America's interest, and the world's interest. And that is why I intend to personally pursue this outcome with all the patience and dedication that the task requires. (Applause.) The obligations -- the obligations that the parties have agreed to under the road map are clear. For peace to come, it is time for them -- and all of us -- to live up to our responsibilities.

Chunk 7Palestinians must abandon violence. Resistance through violence and killing is wrong and it does not succeed. For centuries, black people in America suffered the lash of the whip as slaves and the humiliation of segregation. But it was not violence that won full and equal rights. It was a peaceful and determined insistence upon the ideals at the center of America's founding. This same story can be told by people from South Africa to South Asia; from Eastern Europe to Indonesia. It's a story with a simple truth: that violence is a dead end. It is a sign neither of courage nor power to shoot rockets at sleeping children, or to blow up old women on a bus. That's not how moral authority is claimed; that's how it is surrendered.

Chunk 8Now is the time for Palestinians to focus on what they can build. The Palestinian Authority must develop its capacity to govern, with institutions that serve the needs of its people. Hamas does have support among some Palestinians, but they also have to recognize they have responsibilities. To play a role in fulfilling Palestinian aspirations, to unify the Palestinian people, Hamas must put an end to violence, recognize past agreements, recognize Israel's right to exist.

Chunk 9At the same time, Israelis must acknowledge that just as Israel's right to exist cannot be denied, neither can Palestine's. The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements. (Applause.) This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace. It is time for these settlements to stop. (Applause.)

Chunk 10And Israel must also live up to its obligation to ensure that Palestinians can live and work and develop their society. Just as it devastates Palestinian families, the continuing humanitarian crisis in Gaza does not serve Israel's security; neither does the continuing lack of opportunity in the West Bank. Progress in the daily lives of the Palestinian people must be a critical part of a road to peace, and Israel must take concrete steps to enable such progress.

Chunk 11And finally, the Arab states must recognize that the Arab Peace Initiative was an important beginning, but not the end of their responsibilities. The Arab-Israeli conflict should no longer be used to distract the people of Arab nations from other problems. Instead, it must be a cause for action to help the Palestinian people develop the institutions that will sustain their state, to recognize Israel's legitimacy, and to choose progress over a self-defeating focus on the past.

Chunk 12America will align our policies with those who pursue peace, and we will say in public what we say in private to Israelis and Palestinians and Arabs. (Applause.) We cannot impose peace. But privately, many Muslims recognize that Israel will not go away. Likewise, many Israelis recognize the need for a Palestinian state. It is time for us to act on what everyone knows to be true.

Chunk 13Too many tears have been shed. Too much blood has been shed. All of us have a responsibility to work for the day when the mothers of Israelis and Palestinians can see their children grow up without fear; when the Holy Land of the three great faiths is the place of peace that God intended it to be; when Jerusalem is a secure and lasting home for Jews and Christians and Muslims, and a place for all of the children of Abraham to mingle peacefully together as in the story of Isra -- (applause) -- as in the story of Isra, when Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed, peace be upon them, joined in prayer. (Applause.)

Analyzing a Primary Source – Obama’s SpeechFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians ?

Title of Speech: __________________________________________________Speaker:__________________________________________________

Place and Time: __________________________________________________________

DIRECTIONS: Fill in chart using quotes from the speech. The quote should be an example of an action that would help create peace between the Israeli’s and Palestinians. For each action explain the meaning and reasoning.

Evidence(Quote from speech about what group must do.)

Meaning(Barack Obama’s Suggested ACTIONs)

Reasoning(How suggested action will contribute to peace in the region.)

ACTION FOR ISRAEL

ACTION FOR PALESTINE

ACTION FOR THE UNITED STATES

Analyzing a Primary Source – Obama’s SpeechFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians ?

Title of Speech: A New Beginning: Speech at Cairo University Speaker: Barack Obama; President of the United States 2009-present

Place and Time: Cairo, Egypt June 4, 2009Evidence

(Quote from speech about what group must do.)Meaning

(Barack Obama’s Suggested ACTIONs)Reasoning

(How suggested action will contribute to peace in the region.)

ACTION FOR ISRAEL

“At the same time, Israelis must acknowledge that just as Israel's right to exist cannot be denied, neither can Palestine's. The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements.”

Israel must stop impeding the progress of Palestinian people – stop building settlements, stop limiting commerce and movement of people’s in Gaza and the West Bank.

If the settlements are stopped, Palestinians may be more willing to negotiate peace with Israel.

ACTION FOR PALESTINE“Palestinians must abandon violence …violence is a dead end. It is a sign neither of courage nor power to shoot rockets at sleeping children, or to blow up old women on a bus. That's not how moral authority is claimed; that's how it is surrendered.”

If Palestinians want a peaceful resolution to the conflict they must stop attacking Israelis. Violence does not further the Palestinian cause for land and rights, it actually undermines their cause.

If the Palestinians stop attacking the Israelis, then the Israelis (and the world community) can hear the demands of the Palestinians. People will want to help the Palestinians cause as long as it is not accompanied by violence.

ACTION FOR THE UNITED STATES“America will align our policies with those who pursue peace, and we will say in public what we say in private to Israelis and Palestinians and Arabs.”

The US will be transparent in their negotiations and work with countries that are committed to a peaceful solution.

If the US is transparent, they are therefore able to be neutral mediator between all parties.

KEY

George W. BushPresident of the United States 2001-2009

Excerpts from Speech: Rose Garden Speech on Israel-Palestine Two-State SolutionDelivered: June 24, 2002, White House, Washington D.C.Full Speech Available for Reference: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbushtwostatesolution.htm


Directions: Read the excerpt and underline or highlight suggested actions required for peace.

Chunk 1 (Two-State Solution)In the situation the Palestinian people will grow more and more miserable. My vision is two states, living side by side in peace and security. There is simply no way to achieve that peace until all parties fight terror. Yet, at this critical moment, if all parties will break with the past and set out on a new path, we can overcome the darkness with the light of hope. Peace requires a new and different Palestinian leadership, so that a Palestinian state can be born.

Chunk 2 (Two-State Solution)I call on the Palestinian people to elect new leaders, leaders not compromised by terror. I call upon them to build a practicing democracy, based on tolerance and liberty. If the Palestinian people actively pursue these goals, America and the world will actively support their efforts. If the Palestinian people meet these goals, they will be able to reach agreement with Israel and Egypt and Jordan on security and other arrangements for independence.

……..

Chunk 3The United States, along with the European Union and Arab states, will work with Palestinian leaders to create a new constitutional framework, and a working democracy for the Palestinian people. And the United States, along with others in the international community will help the Palestinians organize and monitor fair, multi-party local elections by the end of the year, with national elections to follow.

……..

Chunk 4And the United States, along with our partners in the developed world, will increase our humanitarian assistance to relieve Palestinian suffering. Today, the Palestinian people lack effective courts of law and have no means to defend and vindicate their rights. A Palestinian state will require a system of reliable justice to punish those who prey on the innocent. The United States and members of the international community stand ready to work with Palestinian leaders to establish finance -- establish finance and monitor a truly independent judiciary.

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbushtwostatesolution.htm

……..

Chunk 5As we make progress towards security, Israel forces need to withdraw fully to positions they held prior to September 28, 2000. And consistent with the recommendations of the Mitchell Committee, Israeli settlement activity in the occupied territories must stop.

Chunk 6The Palestinian economy must be allowed to develop. As violence subsides, freedom of movement should be restored, permitting innocent Palestinians to resume work and normal life. Palestinian legislators and officials, humanitarian and international workers, must be allowed to go about the business of building a better future. And Israel should release frozen Palestinian revenues into honest, accountable hands.

……..

Chunk 7Ultimately, Israelis and Palestinians must address the core issues that divide them if there is to be a real peace, resolving all claims and ending the conflict between them. This means that the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 will be ended through a settlement negotiated between the parties, based on U.N. Resolutions 242 and 338, with Israeli withdrawal to secure and recognize borders.

Chunk 8We must also resolve questions concerning Jerusalem, the plight and future of Palestinian refugees, and a final peace between Israel and Lebanon, and Israel and a Syria that supports peace and fights terror.

Analyzing a Primary Source – Bush’s SpeechFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?


Place and Time: __________________________________________________________



Meaning(George Bush’s Suggested ACTIONs)


ACTION FOR ISRAEL



Analyzing a Primary Source – Bush’s Speech KEYFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

Title of Speech: Rose Garden Speech on Israel-Palestine Two-State Solution Speaker: George Bush

Place and Time: June 24, 2002, White House, Washington D.C.


Meaning(George Bush’s Suggested Actions)


ACTION FOR ISRAEL“Israel forces need to withdraw fully to positions they held prior to September 28, 2000.”

Israeli military must leave the areas it moved into before September 28, 2000

If the Israeli military leaves, it will de-escalate the conflict, which will encourage peace.

ACTION FOR PALESTINE“I call on the Palestinian people to elect new leaders, leaders not compromised by terror. I call upon them to build a practicing democracy, based on tolerance and liberty.”

The Palestinian people must have a stable democracy and elect leaders that will not promote terrorism.

If the Palestinian people have a democracy based on freedom and tolerance, Israel will be able to negotiate peace with them with fear.

ACTION FOR THE UNITED STATES“The United States, along with our partners in the developed world, will increase our humanitarian assistance to relieve Palestinian suffering”

The US will help the Palestinian leaders to provide aid to those who are in need. The US will call on other countries to aid in the humanitarian efforts.

It is difficult to have peace if people are suffering because they cannot eat or take care of themselves or their family.

Benjamin NetanyahuPrime Minister Israel 2009-present

Excerpts from Speech: Address at the Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic StudiesDelivered: June 4, 2009, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, IsraelFull Speech Available for Reference: http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2009/pages/Address_PM_Netanyahu_Bar-Ilan_University_14-Jun-2009.aspx


Directions: Read the excerpt and underline or highlight suggested actions required for peace.…….

Chunk 1

I call on the Arab countries to cooperate with the Palestinians and with us to advance an economic peace. An economic peace is not a substitute for a political peace, but an important element to achieving it. Together, we can undertake projects to overcome the scarcities of our region, like water desalination or to maximize its advantages, like developing solar energy, or laying gas and petroleum lines, and transportation links between Asia, Africa and Europe.

Chunk 2

The economic success of the Gulf States has impressed us all and it has impressed me. I call on the talented entrepreneurs of the Arab world to come and invest here and to assist the Palestinians - and us - in spurring the economy. Together, we can develop industrial areas that will generate thousands of jobs and create tourist sites that will attract millions of visitors eager to walk in the footsteps of history - in Nazareth and in Bethlehem, around the walls of Jericho and the walls of Jerusalem, on the banks of the Sea of Galilee and the baptismal site of the Jordan. There is an enormous potential for archeological tourism, if we can only learn to cooperate and to develop it.

Chunk 3

I turn to you, our Palestinian neighbors, led by the Palestinian Authority, and I say: Let's begin negotiations immediately without preconditions.

Chunk 4

Israel is obligated by its international commitments and expects all parties to keep their commitments. We want to live with you in peace, as good neighbors. We want our children and your children to never again experience war: that parents, brothers and sisters will never again know the agony of losing loved ones in battle; that our children will be able to dream of a better future and realize that dream; and that together we will invest our energies in plowshares and pruning hooks, not swords and spears.

Chunk 5

I know the face of war. I have experienced battle. I lost close friends, I lost a brother. I have seen the pain of bereaved families. I do not want war. No one in Israel wants war.

Chunk 6

If we join hands and work together for peace, there is no limit to the development and prosperity we can achieve for our

http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2009/pages/Address_PM_Netanyahu_Bar-Ilan_University_14-Jun-2009.aspx

two peoples - in the economy, agriculture, trade, tourism and education - most importantly, in providing our youth a better world in which to live, a life full of tranquility, creativity, opportunity and hope.

……..Chunk 7 (Two-State Solution)

In my vision of peace, in this small land of ours, two peoples live freely, side-by-side, in amity and mutual respect. Each will have its own flag, its own national anthem, its own government. Neither will threaten the security or survival of the other. These two realities - our connection to the land of Israel, and the Palestinian population living within it - have created deep divisions in Israeli society. But the truth is that we have much more that unites us than divides us.

Chunk 8

I have come tonight to give expression to that unity, and to the principles of peace and security on which there is broad agreement within Israeli society. These are the principles that guide our policy. This policy must take into account the international situation that has recently developed. We must recognize this reality and at the same time stand firmly on those principles essential for Israel.

Chunk 9

I have already stressed the first principle - recognition. Palestinians must clearly and unambiguously recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people.

Chunk 10

The second principle is: demilitarization. The territory under Palestinian control must be demilitarized with ironclad security provisions for Israel. Without these two conditions, there is a real danger that an armed Palestinian state would emerge that would become another terrorist base against the Jewish state, such as the one in Gaza. We don't want Kassam rockets on Petach Tikva, Grad rockets on Tel Aviv, or missiles on Ben-Gurion airport. We want peace.

Chunk 11

In order to achieve peace, we must ensure that Palestinians will not be able to import missiles into their territory, to field an army, to close their airspace to us, or to make pacts with the likes of Hizbullah and Iran. On this point as well, there is wide consensus within Israel. It is impossible to expect us to agree in advance to the principle of a Palestinian state without assurances that this state will be demilitarized. On a matter so critical to the existence of Israel, we must first have our security needs addressed.

Chunk 12

Therefore, today we ask our friends in the international community, led by the United States, for what is critical to the security of Israel: Clear commitments that in a future peace agreement, the territory controlled by the Palestinians will be demilitarized: namely, without an army, without control of its airspace, and with effective security measures to prevent weapons smuggling into the territory - real monitoring, and not what occurs in Gaza today. And obviously, the Palestinians will not be able to forge military pacts. Without this, sooner or later, these territories will become another Hamastan. And that we cannot accept.

Chunk 13

I told President Obama when I was in Washington that if we could agree on the substance, then the terminology would not pose a problem. And here is the substance that I now state clearly:

Chunk 14

If we receive this guarantee regarding demilitirization and Israel's security needs, and if the Palestinians recognize Israel as the State of the Jewish people, then we will be ready in a future peace agreement to reach a solution where a demilitarized Palestinian state exists alongside the Jewish state.

Analyzing a Primary Source – Netanyahu’s SpeechFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?


Place and Time: __________________________________________________________



Meaning(Benjamin Netanyahu’s Suggested ACTIONs)


ACTION FOR ISRAEL



Analyzing a Primary Source – Benjamin Netanyahu’s Speech KEYFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

Title of Speech: Address at the Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies Speaker: Benjamin Netanyahu

Place and Time: June 4, 2009, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel


Meaning(Benjamin Netanyahu’s Suggested Actions)

Reasoning(Why speaker argues suggested compromise will work)

ACTION FOR ISRAEL“Israel is obligated by its international commitments and expects all parties to keep its commitments.”

Israel will keep their promises, and they expect the same of all parties involved.

Groups who are trying to make peace cannot succeed if they do not trust each other and if they do keep their word/promises.

ACTION FOR PALESTINE“Palestinians must clearly and unambiguously recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people.”

Palestinians must acknowledge that Israel has the right to exist.

If Palestine does not acknowledge Israel’s legitimacy, Israel will not pursue peace.

ACTION FOR THE UNITED STATES“Clear commitments that in a future peace agreement, the territory controlled by the Palestinians will be demilitarized: namely, without an army, without control of its airspace, and with effective security measure to prevent weapons smuggling into the territory- real monitoring, and not what occurs in Gaza today.”

The US needs to commit to creating a peace where:

-Palestinians are not allowed to have an army-Palestinians do not control their air space-People are not allowed to sneak in weapons illegally

It is hard to keep peace if people are building up militaries and smuggling weapons.

Mahmoud AbbasPalestinian Authority President 2005-present

Excerpts from Speech: Speech to the United Nations General Assembly (Translated from Arabic)Delivered: September 27, 2012, New York, New YorkFull Speech Available for Reference:http://www.cfr.org/palestine/abbas-remarks-un-general-assembly-september-2012/p29168


Directions: Read the excerpt and underline or highlight suggested actions required for peace.

…….

Chunk 1 (Two-State Solution)Mr. President,Ladies and Gentlemen,There can only be one understanding of the Israeli Government's actions in our homeland and of the positions it has presented to us regarding the substance of a permanent status agreement to end the conflict and achieve peace. That one understanding leads to one conclusion: that the Israeli Government rejects the two-State solution.

Chunk 2 (Two-State Solution)

The two-State solution, i.e. the State of Palestine coexisting alongside the State of Israel, represents the spirit and essence of the historic compromise embodied in the Oslo Declaration of Principles, the agreement signed 19 years ago between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Government of Israel under the auspices of the United States of America on the White House Lawn, a compromise by which the Palestinian people accepted to establish their State on only 22% of the territory of historic Palestine for the sake of making peace.

…….

Chunk 3Ladies and Gentlemen,Despite our real feelings of anger, we, in the name of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, reaffirm, without hesitation, that we as committed to peace and international legitimacy and its covenants and its resolutions as we are adherent to our inalienable national rights and aspirations, and we reaffirm that we are committed to non-violence and reject terrorism in all its forms, particularly State terrorism.

Chunk 4Despite our feelings of disappointment and loss of hope, we continue to sincerely extendour hands to the Israeli people to make peace. We realize that ultimately the two peoples mustlive and coexist, each in their respective State, in the Holy Land. Further, we realize thatprogress towards making peace is through negotiations between the PLO and Israel.

Chunk 5Despite all the complexities of the prevailing reality and all the frustrations that abound,we say before the international community: there is still a chance - maybe the last - to save thetwo-State solution and to salvage peace. However, this urgent task must be pursued via a new approach. Whoever rushes to advise us to repeat an experience that has proven to

http://www.cfr.org/palestine/abbas-remarks-un-general-assembly-september-2012/p29168

be fruitless - negotiations with the Israeli Government without clear terms of reference - must understand that this will result in reproduction of failure and again provide a cover for entrenchment of the occupation and will finish off an already-dying peace process. And, whoever who advises us to wait, must realize that the festering situation in our country and our region has its own timing and can neither withstand further procrastination and delay nor its placement at the bottom of the global agenda.

Chunk 6The approach required for saving the chance for peace must first and foremost be predicated on the understanding that racial settler colonization must be condemned, punished and boycotted in order for it to be completely halted. This approach also requires reaffirmation of and adherence to the terms of reference and foundations of the solution to the conflict, which have been endorsed by all of you.

Chunk 7The core components of a just solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict do not require effort to discover, but rather what is needed is the will to implement them. And marathon negotiations are not required to determine them, but rather what is needed is the sincere intention reach peace. And those components are by no means a mysterious puzzle or intractable riddle, but rather are the clearest and most logical in the world. This includes the realization of the independence of the State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital, over the entire territory occupied by Israel since 1967, and the realization of a just, agreed solution to the Palestine refugee issue in accordance with resolution 194 (III), as prescribed in the Arab Peace Initiative.

Chunk 8Indeed, the fundamental components of the solution to the conflict exist in the documents and resolutions of the United Nations and in the resolutions of regional organizations, starting from the League of Arab States, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) and the African Union (AU), as well as in the statements of the European Union (EU) and the international Quartet.

Chunk 9 (Two-State Solution)The international community, embodied in the United Nations, is required now more than ever to uphold its responsibilities. The Security Council is called upon to urgently adopt a resolution comprising the basis and foundations for a solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict that would serve as a binding reference and guide for all if the vision of two-States, Israel and Palestine, is to survive and if peace is to prevail in the land of peace, the birthplace of Jesus (peace be upon him), and ascension of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the final resting place of Abraham (peace be upon him), the land of the three monotheistic religions.

…….

Chunk 10Mr. President,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

In order to enhance the chances for peace, we will continue our efforts to obtain full membership for Palestine at the United Nations. And, for the same purpose, we have begun intensive consultations with various regional organizations and Member States aimed at having the General Assembly adopt a resolution considering the State of Palestine as a non-Member State of the United Nations during this session. We are confident that the vast majority of the countries of the world support our endeavor aimed at salvaging the chances for a just peace. In our endeavor, we do not seek to delegitimize an existing State - that is Israel; but rather to assert the State that must be realized - that is Palestine.

Analyzing a Primary Source – Abbas’ SpeechFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?


Place and Time: __________________________________________________________



Meaning(Mahmoud Abbas’ Suggested ACTIONs)


ACTION FOR ISRAEL



Analyzing a Primary Source – Abbas’s Speech KEYFocus Question: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

Title of Speech: Speech to the United Nations General Assembly (Translated from Arabic) Speaker: Mahmoud Abbas

Place and Time: September 27, 2012, New York, New YorkEvidence

(Quote from speech about what group must do.)Meaning

(Mahmoud Abbas’s Suggested Compromises)Reasoning

(Why speaker argues suggested compromise will work)

ACTION FOR ISRAEL“This includes the realization of the independence of the State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital, over the entire territory occupied by Israel since 1967”

Israel needs to give up any land claimed since 1967 and relinquish East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine.

If Israel gives over this land, Palestine will negotiate peace with Israel.

ACTION FOR PALESTINE/PLO“ … we reaffirm that we are committed to non-violence and reject terrorism in all its forms, particularly State terrorism.”

The Palestinians do not support violence or terrorism, especially governments that use terrorism.

If a government is going to use terrorism and violence then peace will not be possible.

ACTION FOR THE UNITED STATES“The Security Council is called upon to urgently adopt a resolution comprising the basis and foundations for a solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict…”

The Security Council of the United Nations, including the United States, needs to work towards a two-state solution.

Without aid and recognition from the international community, Israel and Palestine are not likely to have peace.

Keep It or Junk It


Directions: With your think tank, brainstorm a list of possible actions actions each Israel, Palestine, and the United States could take in order to lead to a peace process. From that list select one action for each nation. Record both the evidence and the reason for keeping it.

List of Possible Solutions:

Evidence Kept(Quote from speech about what group must do)

Reasoning for Kept Evidence(Why think tank argues suggested action will contribute to peace)

ACTION FOR ISRAEL



Keep It or Junk It KEY


Directions: With your think tank, brainstorm a list of possible actions actions each Israel, Palestine, and the United States could take in order to lead to a peace process. From that list select one action for each nation. Record both the evidence and the reason for keeping it.

List of Possible Solutions:

Evidence Kept(Quote from speech about what group must do)

Reasoning for Kept Evidence(Why think tank argues suggested action will contribute to peace)

ACTION FOR ISRAEL

“Progress in the daily lives of the Palestinian people must be a critical part of a road to peace, and Israel must take concrete steps to enable such progress.”

We kept this action because a society cannot achieve peace if its people do not live in a place where they can progress and make improvements


“Palestinians must abandon violence.”

We kept this action because violence is the opposite of peace and if people fight and attack- there will never be peace

ACTION FOR THE UNITED STATES“The United States, along with our partners in the developed world, will increase our humanitarian assistance to relieve Palestinian suffering”

We kept this action because we think it is essential to ease people’s suffering. If people have basic necessities it eliminates the chance or chaos and rebellion and promotes peace

Writing Assessment

Background: In 1992, in Oslo, Norway, Israeli and Palestinian delegates met for face-to-face negotiations for the first time. The Oslo Accords, which emerged from these talks, outlined a plan for negotiating the withdrawal of Israeli forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank and affirmed the Palestinians’ right of self-government in those areas. This was the basis for the “two-state solution”: the notion that the solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the eventual creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel. While the principles of the Oslo Accords were never fully put into effect, the idea of a two state solution has remained the general framework of subsequent summits and negotiations between the Israelis and the Palestinians.

Writing Prompt: What are the main obstacles in the way of the peace process and what is a solution proposed to resolve the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

Expectations: Use ideas from at least two world leaders Construct a thesis/claim Write evidence to support thesis/claim Write a concluding statement

Writing Assessment: Basic Analytical Paragraph Outline

Thesis statement:____________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Evidence 1:_______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Evidence 2:_______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Concluding statement: _______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Writing Assessment: Basic Analytical Paragraph Outline- Writing Frame

The main obstacles to peace between Israeli’s and Palestinians include (thesis)__________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

Actions that must be taken to resolve the conflict include (thesis)

__________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

(leader) _____________________________ explained in his speech, (evidence)

_____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

(leader) __________________________ in his speech, (evidence)

____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

The combination of these two actions would support peace because (analysis)

____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

In conclusion, (concluding statement)

_________________________________________________________________________________.

Writing Assessment: Basic Analytical Paragraph Outline- Detailed Writing Frame

Writing Prompt: What obstacles have prevented a peace process between modern Israelis and Palestinians and what are critical actions that must be taken to resolve the conflict?

The main obstacles to peace between Israeli’s and Palestinians include disputes over land and varying

perspectives on the two-state solution. Actions that must be taken to resolve the conflict include giving the Palestinians

opportunities for development and advancement, abandoning the use of violence, and offering humanitarian aid to

Palestinians. Barack Obama explained in his speech, “A New Beginning”, that in order for the Israeli’s and Palestinians

to live in peace, the Israeli’s should support the development of a Palestinian economy and as well as discontinue

creating settlements. Mahmoud Abbas, in his speech to the United Nations, explained that Palestinians were committed

to non-violence and did not support terrorism. The combination of these two actions would support peace because they

create a support system for the Palestinians and create a sense of security in the region where the two groups can live as

two independent states. In conclusion, if the countries involved in this dispute stick to their commitments and truly

support one another, there is hope for peace.

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