foreign investors dominate vietnamese real estate market

8/8/2019 Foreign Investors Dominate Vietnamese Real Estate Market

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Foreign investors dominate Vietnamese real estate market

Up to 90 per cent of foreign companies have invested in the real estate sector such as marketing,distribution, appraisal, investment consultancy and project management, while most domesticrealty firms are newly set up. Currently three companies, namely Savills Vietnam, Colliers andCBRE, hold 90 per cent of the Vietnamese realty market share. They have much experience in

realty business. Savills has 15 years experience in Vietnam and tops the country in managingVietnamese service apartments.

Meanwhile, CBRE also has advantages in evaluation and office-for-rent office management withnine years experience. With 14 years of operation in Vietnam, Colliers specializes in luxuryapartment management. Meanwhile, the number of local realty firms remains limited, withseveral outstanding names such as Megagroup, Viet Rees, Eden and Him Lam. Despite a greatnumber of realty consulting and brokering companies established in recent years, their operationscale is very limited and disparate.

According to the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2008 was considered a successful year offoreign investment in the realty sector in Vietnam, which accounted for up to 88 per cent of thecountrys total FDI. The biggest projects included Ho Tram worth US$4.2 billion by Asian CoastDevelopment; golf course and sea tourism projects totalling US$130 million by VinaCapital andits other projects capitalized at US$350 million in total near the Han River.

Despite the global economic downturn, South Korean, Singaporean, Japanese and Taiwanesecompanies have continued invested in big tourism property projects in Vietnam. Meanwhile,investors from the US, China, Switzerland and the Middle East did not miss opportunities toinvest in this sector. The USs Oak Tree Group has recently said that it plans to pour US$5billion into Sunrise Danang tourism resort.

How to attract investment of overseas Vietnamese?

Currently, around four million Vietnamese people are living in foreign countries and territories.Meanwhile, only 140 among those were allowed to buy houses in Vietnam by the end of last

year. What is the barrier for them to invest in the countrys realty sector? Jim Hoang Nguyen, anAmerican Vietnamese living in California, said realty prices in Vietnam are very high and itsadministrative procedures remain complicated, which discourages him from investing in thesector. He added that, with US$100,000, he can buy a villa of between 250-300 m2 in the US,while, the money is only enough to buy several dozen square metres of land in Vietnam. Themoney is not even enough to buy a 100-square metre apartment in Vietnam.

A legal document on allowing overseas Vietnamese to buy houses and land in Vietnam tookeffect from July 1, 2009, realty price hikes lessen foreign investment in the realty sector, whichwas attributed to an on-year fall of 12.8 per cent in overseas remittance at US$6.283 billion. HoChi Minh City, which has the biggest number of people living abroad, received US$3.2 billion ofoverseas remittances, lower than the nearly US$5 billion in 2008. Last year, only 10 overseas

Vietnamese bought houses in Vietnam and all in Ho Chi Minh City. According to the Committeefor Overseas Vietnameses Ho Chi Minh City office, since 2006, just 140 overseas Vietnameseinvested in realty in Vietnam, including 100 in Ho Chi Minh City. Real estate prices in Hanoi aremuch higher than those of Ho Chi Minh City, which explain why Ho Chi Minh Citysinvestment rate is higher than Hanois.

However, realty experts said, the document took effect but its guiding circulars have not yet beenpassed, which affects foreign investment in the realty sector. Under the law, OverseasVietnamese have rights to own houses attached to land ownership, which many people


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misunderstand to mean they are only allowed to buy houses, not land. Thus, the law should beclarified to ease overseas Vietnamese concerns.

Nguyen Manh Ha, Head of the Construction Ministrys Housing and Real Estate MarketManagement Department, said the Ministry is compiling regulations on administrative procedurereforms enabling overseas Vietnamese who live in Vietnam for three months to buy houses. The

Ministry is also proposing the government add two groups which can buy many houses inVietnam, comprising of people with special skills that the state needs and people whose spouselives in the country.

Legal improvements will hopefully boost overseas Vietnamese investment in the domestic realestate sector.

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Singapore's CapitaLand to invest 47.7 mln sgd in Vietnam

2007-08-11 17:52:00

SINGAPORE (Thomson Financial) - Southeast Asia's biggest property developer

CapitaLand said Friday it has, through unit CapitaLand (Vietnam ) Holdings,

entered into a conditional joint venture agreement with an affiliate of Vietnam's

Azure City Co, to develop a residential site in Ho Chi Minh City .CapitaLand said it

will inject 47.7 million Singapore dollars for a 75 percent stake in the joint venture

company.

Read more:invest

FI keeps flowing into Vietnam

2007-08-09 17:48:00

Two more real estate and tourism projects by VinaCapital and the American KOR

Group, with capital totalling US$525 million, will be launched in the central city of

Da Nang.The city authority on August 2 officially approved the VinaCapital Fund to

invest in the construction of the VinaCapital Square Urban Area in An Bac Hai

Precinct, Son Tra Peninsula, with $325 million in capital, according to the Peoples

Committee office in Da Nang.

Read more:keeps , Vietnam
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Singapore tops list of ASEAN investors in Vietnam

2007-08-08 05:05:00

The city state, according to the latest statistics from the Department of Foreign

Investment, has over the first seven months of this year pumped over 1.3 billion

USD into 44 projects in Vietnam , coming in at second among 39 countries andterritories investing in Vietnam over the period.An official from the Singapore an

General Consulate in Ho Chi Minh City said that Singapore's experience in housing

was due to his country's limited land acreage. According to the Department of

Foreign Investment, the Vietnam-Singapore Industrial Zone Joint Venture and the

Nasteelvina Company - a joint venture in steel production - are some of

Singapore's bigger projects that are already reaping heavy benefits for the investor

and the host country alike.

Read more:ASEAN

Domestic consortium forms real estate firm

2007-08-05 18:44:00

A consortium of State-owned and private enterprises has launched a new real

estate development company with a chartered capital of VND 1 trillion (US $62.5

million).The Lilama Land Joint Stock Co was co-founded by the Vietnam

Construction and Machinery Installation Corporation (Lilama), Vietnam National

Tobacco Corporation (Vinataba), Hanoi Beer, Alcohol and Beverage Corporation

(Habeco), Tan Long Ltd Co, the Vietnam National Construction Consultants Group,

and the Hanoi Building Commercial Joint Stock Bank (Habubank).The firm will

focus on major real estate projects such as new urban areas, shopping centres,

high-rise offices and apartments, and industrial and economic zones, as well as

offering consulting services.

Read more:Domestic

New real estate fever not likely

2007-08-03 19:59:00

VietNamNet Bridge Nguyen Manh Ha, Head of the House Management

Department of the Ministry of Construction (MoC) brushed aside fears that real

estate prices would skyrocket if a plan that permits foreigners to buy homes in the

country by 2008 wins government approval. Under the plan foreign nationals will

only be permitted to purchase one home that may be sold, gifted, mortgaged, or

left in inheritance but will not be permitted to lease the property.

Read more:likely

Billions coming in, but who knows for sure?

2007-08-01 23:46:00

While the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) joyfully announced the

monthly inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Vietnam, the State Bank of

Vietnam (SBV) has nearly blockaded all information about the Foreign

Institutional Investment (FII) flow. According to statistics of the foreign bank

which is managing the largest number of accounts for financial investment

institutions, there are around 74 foreign investment funds pouring money into
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Vietnam, including 22 funds that have been established so far this year. Among

new funds are Sumitomo Misui Vietnam, Fullerton Vietnam Fund, TongYang

Vietnam, Maxford Growth Vietnam Focus, Vietnam Resource, Credit Agricole Fund.

Read more:Billions

A US$65 million luxury hotel complex broke ground in the Hanoi suburbs Saturday2007-07-30 22:50:00

The 21-storey, 363-room Crown Plaza will share a 13,000 sq.m plot in Tu Liem

district near the National Sport Complex with a 20-storey office block and a 14-

storey apartment tower.The complex is set to open in 2009, according to Tran

Hong Quan Company, the projects main investor.The developer said the Crown

Plaza was designed to international standards and would meet the Vietnam

National Administration of Tourisms five-start hotel criteria.It would be managed

by the Intercontinental Hotels Group.The construction of the Crown Plaza is one of

several major high-end hotel projects slated for Hanoi in the years second half. In

total, the hotel projects are worth over $1.17 billion.

Read more:broke,ground , million , Saturday

Local firms taking bigger piece of real estate pie

2007-07-26 17:32:00

VietNamNet Bridge - Viet Nams high-end residential and commercial property

developments that were once the exclusive domain of multinational developers are

now witnessing the increasing emergence of local firms that are claiming a larger

stake in one of the worlds fastest growing markets.

Read more:Local,piece

Funding house purchasing deals, good business for banks

2007-07-24 17:11:00

Many people have become disappointed when hearing about the interest ratepolicies applied by the banks . They said that the interest rates proved to be too

high. Only those who have high incomes and want to buy luxurious apartments

and houses can afford such high interest rates. Dau Ngoc Tinh, a staff of a

garment company, related he needed to prove that he had the income of

VND20mil a month to get the loan of VND200mil ($1,250) with the interest rate of

1.1% per month. Every month, he will have to pay VND6mil ($375) in both

principal and interest. However, his actual income is VND10mil per month, and he

only can borrow money with the interest rate of 1.15%.

Read more:Funding

Online real estate trading is set to launch in Vietnam on July 22

2007-07-22 18:57:00

The online exchange, www.sanbatdongsan.net.vn, will allow buyers and sellers to

access the market directly, said the ministry, adding that people will be able to buy

quality houses without paying intermediary charges.The ministry has stipulated

that enterprises that provide incorrect or false information on the site could be

suspended from the trading floor and even fined or jailed in serious cases.

Read more:Vietnam
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Vietnam to increase state-owned property prices

2007-07-20 19:07:00

The government has given initial approval to a construction ministry proposal to

increase state-owned residential property prices nearly fourfold, citing higher real-

estate values and salaries.Read more:Vietnam

Burgeoning time for high-end property projects

2007-07-18 20:57:00

VietNamNet Bridge Experts have forecast property projects in major cities and

provinces will continue to be attractive to foreign investors in the next few

years.The burgeoning high-end property market and the Government's policy

allowing foreigners to own houses in the country are promising a brighter outlook.

A survey by the HCMC-based property management firm VietRees indicates more

than US$8bil in foreign direct investment has been pledged in property projects

implemented between 2004 and 2010. South Korea ranks first, followed by

Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Danangs largest domestic investor puts $180 mln into real estate

2007-07-16 18:57:00

Hoang Anh Gia Lai Corp. plans to invest $150 million to build a waterfront hotel-

apartment-office-shopping-complex along the Han River in Hai Chau district.Work

on building the complex is scheduled to start early next year and finish in

2010.The corporation, headquartered in the Central Highlands province of Gia Lai,

will also build an estimated $30 million worth of high-end apartments for sale in

Thanh Khe district.

Central Vietnam deluxe beach resort

2007-07-15 01:47:00

Construction of the four-star Novotel Imperial Hoi An resort began Wednesday in

at a cost of VND280 billion (US$17.3 million).Located near Hoi An towns Cua Dai

beach, the resort will have 200 rooms, restaurants and bars, tennis courts, a spa,

and swimming pool. Hotel group Accor will manage the 4.3ha property owned by

the IOC Supporting Services and Investment Development Joint Stock Company.

GP Bank, Chi Linh Start Golf JSC, and Ocean Bank are also key shareholders.

Read more:Central,Vietnam

Vietnam plans to sell houses to foreigners

2007-07-12 17:13:00

The eligible groups include foreigners directly doing business in Vietnam in

accordance with the law, foreigners recognized by the president and other relevant

agencies as contributing to national development, foreign culturists and scientists

working in Vietnam, foreigners recognized by the president as honorary citizens,

foreigners married to Vietnamese currently living in Vietnam, and foreign-invested
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real estate trading enterprises operating in Vietnam.

Read more:houses, plans

Vietnam property firm raises $37 million in IPO

2007-07-10 17:31:00

Vietnam property developer Vincom has raised $37 million from a maiden auctionof 5 million shares, or 8.33 percent of the company, the Ho Chi Minh Stock

Exchange said Wednesday.

Read more:Vietnam

Hong Kong enterprises are eyeing Vietnam for investment opportunities

2007-07-08 19:30:00

In Hanoi, the delegation met with Vietnam Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung, who

said overseas investment was an integral component of Vietnams economic

development and his government would provide favorable conditions for Hong

Kong investors, particularly in the financial, banking, insurance, securities,

shipping and manufacturing sectors.

Viet Nam infrastructure fund lists in London

2007-07-07 15:12:00

London Vietnam Infrastructure Limited, a US$402 million closed-end fund

dedicated to investment in Viet Nams rapidly growing infrastructure sector, has

become the first of its kind in Viet Nam to list on the Alternative Investment

Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange.

Luxembourg wants in before Vietnam gets crowded

2007-07-05 03:33:00

Luxembourgs top economic minister said he wants investors from his country to

explore Vietnam before the market becomes too crowded.

Read more:Luxembourg

Long-term mortgages open vietnam property market

2007-07-02 16:58:00

VietNamNet Bridge Banks are beginning to widen the time frame on home loan

deals from 10-15 years to as long as 30 years as the market matures and

consumer incomes rise.

Read more:property

Real estate experts have predicted a decrease in the prices of leased office space in Ho Chi Minh

City

2007-07-01 16:55:00

Representatives of the Maastricht University-affiliated Vietnam Research

Programme and Holland enterprises that are already present in Vietnam shared

their business experiences in the Southeast Asian country. Vietnam, they said, is a

developing country that needs a great amount of capital and is home to many
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business opportunities for foreign enterprises.

Read more:office

US businesses are taking the lead in the new wave of investment into Vietnam

2007-06-28 19:41:00

Mr. Loc said that up to 150 Vietnam ese companies accompanied the President tothe US and this was a message showing Vietnams desire to strengthen economic

relations with the US. The visit is hoped will contribute to promote the investment

wave of the US into Vietnam. Thats why the Vietnamese mission spent a lot of

time meeting with American CEOs and groups.

Read more:businesses

Vietnam's real estate construction boom

2007-06-27 01:44:00

Rising affluence in Vietnam has led to an increasing demand for residential and

commercial infrastructure. And this is fuelling a boom in its construction and real

estate industry.

Korea property firm to pitch Vietnam projects to investors

2007-06-24 18:34:00

CB Richard Ellis Korea , an arm of US property consultant CB Richard Ellish Group,

has signed a deal with a Vietnam ese construction firm to find investors for its

projects.

Malaysia property firm to pump $964 mln into Vietnam

2007-08-15 19:25:00

Under the deal signed Tuesday, Gamuda Land plans to pump $711 million of thesum into developing a 327ha-complex in Hoang Mai and Thanh Tri districts.The

urban complex would be home to high-end hotels, a convention hall, office towers,

shopping malls, car parks, villas and apartments for both sale and rent.Gamuda

would also build Yen So Park, which would include an educational-cultural center, a

plaza and other international-standard recreation facilities.

Read more:Malaysia,property ,Vietnam

Nearly US$40 billion to enter Vietnam

2007-08-13 18:55:00

Real estate and tourism projects account for over $16 billion , equivalent to 40.2%

of the total amount of foreign capital that will come to Vietnam . Notably, Chineseinvestors have expressed interest in building five big works in the fields of thermo

power and real estate. During President Nguyen Minh Triets visit to the US last

May, the two sides signed memorandums of understanding on these five projects.

Read more:enter , Nearly

Foreigners cant buy houses in Vietnam now

2007-08-19 20:16:00
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The pilot scheme allowing foreigners to buy houses in Vietnam will need more time

before it is implemented because the Land and Housing Law doesnt permit

foreigners to own land and houses in Vietnam. Last July the Ministry of

Construction submitted to the government a scheme on permitting foreigners to

buy houses in Vietnam on a trial basis. If this scheme had been implemented,

around 21,000 foreigners who are living in working in Vietnam would have beeneligible to buy houses.

Record growth in Vietnam visitor arrivals, hotel occupancy and room rates

2007-08-17 17:39:00

The survey shows that hotel developers and operators are now showing renewed

interest in the market in the five-star hotel, resort and spa sectors. Such groups

include Kingdom Hotels with the Raffles, 4 Seasons and Movenpick brands, Banyan

Tree, Colony Resorts and Intercontinental.With the huge volume of money being

channeled into investment funds focused on real estate investment in Vietnam , a

number of sales of interest in major hotel properties that took place in the last two

years included the Hilton, Sofitel Metropole and Guoman in Hanoi, the Duxton and

Omni in HCM City, and the Furama in Da Nang.

Read more:Record

Vietnam : Cat Ba resort project seeks investors

2007-08-23 17:33:00

We suggest two major types of investment: Either 100% foreign capital or the

establishment of a joint-venture company between Viet Nam Construction and

Import and Export Corporation (Vinaconex) and investors.Investors will have the

benefit of several incentives. These include exemption from land-use fees; land-

use tax and a five-year exemption from corporate tax. We are committed to

ensuring that investors will pay the lowest initial investment cost against all otherreal-estate and tourism projects in Vietnam . This is because the Government and

local authorities consider the project of great importance to Vietnam's tourism

industry.

The National Assembly may have given the green light to foreigners and overseas Vietnamese toown housing in Vietnam but satisfaction at the measure remains in short supply.

Buying and owning a house in Vietnam remains a complex matter, even more so for foreigners. Althoughforeigners in Vietnam - and especially foreign businesspeople - are often known for having strongfinancial positions, they must still wait for legal provisions on land ownership rights for foreigners inVietnam to be executed thoroughly and analysed carefully before coming into effect.

This was the root of discussions between land and housing authorities and foreign businessmen prior tothe Vietnam Business Forum (VBF) held early last month. Mr Tran Hao Hung, Deputy Head of the LegalDepartment at the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) told the discussions that the Ministry ofConstruction has already drafted a Circular guiding the implementation of the National Assembly (NA)sResolution 19, which is proposed to be issued in May or June 2009. The Circular, though, remains in thedrafting stage.

Complicated issues
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The complexity of the matter stems from the number of foreigners residing in Vietnam that are eligible tobuy houses or apartments, according to Ms Do Thi Loan, General Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City RealEstate Association (HoREA). According to Ministry of Construction figures, there are about 80,000foreigners currently residing in Vietnam that are so eligible. But, Ms Loan noted, none of the officialstudies by authorities reveals how many are single, how many are married, how many want to buyresidential houses, whether 80,000 people could possible corner Vietnams real estate market, and

whether the 2007 land fever was caused by foreigners or local people. All of these questions should bestudied and analysed in a complete and scientific manner, she said.

Since the NA introduced Resolution 19 on foreigners buying houses in Vietnam no such deals have gonethrough. Mr Tran Hong Ky, Deputy Head of MPIs Economic Zone Management Department admitted thatthe NA Resolution extended the scope of subjects permitted to buy houses to foreigners but restricted thisto apartments and made them subject to other restrictions in terms of quantity and terms. And foreignersin Vietnam are not as yet allowed to own residential houses on land, he said.

Mr Hung also revealed that the government is considering expanding the provisions concerning the rightto own residential houses as well as the conditions to buy and own residential houses and structuresassociated with land use rights (LUR) in Vietnam to foreign organisations and individuals by way ofminimising any discrimination against foreigners, maximising land resources use, mobilising external

capital sources, consistently developing the real estate market and creating a stimulus for nationaleconomic development.

This theme was noted by Mr David Lim, partner at the Mayer Brown JSM law firm. Due to the globaleconomic crisis, supply is now greater than demand in Vietnams real estate market, he said. Thegovernment should consider broadening the rights of foreigners to buy immovable assets in order toimprove liquidity in the market.

In reality, according to Mr Lim, foreign organisations and individuals are divided into two groups. One isforeign organisations/individuals not residing in Vietnam who are subject to existing regulations and notentitled to buy houses or immovable assets in Vietnam. Policies in other countries are more open, withsome not imposing any restrictions while others adopt certain restrictions.

The expansion of the subjects would help to attract investment and develop infrastructure, he said.

There should not be any restrictions. This should be left to the market to decide and regulate by itself.The other group is foreign organisations/individuals residing in Vietnam, which Mr Lim believes are agroup of potential buyers when they are allowed to own immovable assets of Vietnam. Butimplementation of the NA Resolution, which came into effect in January, has been delayed. It is noteffectively enforced and none of its implementing regulations have been issued, he said.

Having resided in Vietnam for many years, Mr Fred Burke, Managing Lawyer at Baker & McKenzie addedthat NA Resolution 19 on the sale of houses to foreigners remains unattractive. The Resolution is seen asthe leasing of houses with advance payments for 50 years, but not absolute ownership. Moreover, theResolution contains some backward provisions as it only allows foreigners to buy apartments inapartment buildings, while there was a previously-developed policy that allowed the sale of housestogether with the LUR to foreigners.

However, such provisions cannot be realised, as there are no implementing guidelines for them, he

pointed out. Consequently, the new moves are a small step forward and Mr Burke doesnt think that suchsmall liberalisation of the housing market to foreign buyers will help stimulate demand for the manycondos coming onto the market next year. The measures are not much different from the 1993 Decreethat purported to do the same thing - albeit with no 50-year term limit like this new measure, he said.

Hope lives on

On the positive side, this means however that there is still room for Vietnam to stimulate demand for thehigh-end housing sector if it desires to do so in the year ahead as the increase in supply catches up andsurpasses demand, and as bank loans for developers become due, Mr Burke continued. For people like


10/36

me, whove lived and worked in Vietnam for more than 15 years, paying taxes and contributing to theeconomy, it does seem that access to housing investment and ownership should be allowed, but peoplelike me are always going to be a very small market, he said.

Despite the complexity of the matter, foreigners still hope to be able to buy and own a house in Vietnam.A representative of real estate consultants Colliers International said that there may be certain restrictionsbut foreigners want better access to buying apartments. Meanwhile, Mr Patrick Downey, Vice President of

the Australian Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam (Auscham) recommended that foreigners makingcontributions to Vietnam should be assisted in buying residential houses.

Faced with such calls for opening up the countrys real estate market, Mr Hung from MPI insisted that ininternational commitments such as those to join the WTO, Vietnam did not make any commitmentsconcerning the opening of its real estate market.

This completely depends on the inherent demand of Vietnam, free from external pressure, he said.Vietnam is implementing numerous measures to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in general and FDIin real estate development in particular, but to what extent, according to Mr Hung, this market is to beopened up very much depends on development of the socio-economy and legal framework. This wouldbe hard to realise if the legal infrastructure is not yet in place or has been in place but is inconsistent, heemphasised. Foreign dreams of buying and owning house in Vietnam will remain just that for the time

being.

What is more important for the national economy, to the property sector in general and the resortindustry in particular is the countrys ability to attract investment from smaller foreign investors who willbuy one or a few condos or villas in a resort for purposes of investment. They would need to be able to

put those properties into timeshare schemes and sublease them to begin to think about obtaining areasonable return on their investments, but the additional capital that could be mobilised to fundconstruction of these resorts could be significant. Given the high number of jobs created by tourism,mobilising this source of capital seems a logical next step for Vietnam.

Mr Fred Burke, Managing Lawyer, Baker & McKenzie

Investors do not have enough land resources to develop the residential housing for low-income earnersmarket. It is not that investors do not want to develop cheap housing for low-income earners, but the

problem is they do not have the land resources to do so. The best solution for them is to develop high-grade residential houses. It is recommended that further consideration be given to opening up this marketto enable investors to buy construction land at a reasonable price.

Mr Raymond Cheng, Representative, Chiap Hua Group

"Experience from other countries shows that there is no single model for a policy on opening up the realestate market. It depends on the specific political, economic and social conditions of each country.Vietnam will consider any further opening up of its real estate market based on studying internationalexperience and the actual conditions in Vietnam.

Mr Tran Hao Hung, Deputy Head, Legal Department, MPI

http://news.vneconomy.vn/20091011070956688P0C4/dream-homes.htm

Vietnams Labor Market Update

Saturday, 09 October 2010
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This publication is partly cited from FineIntels Industry Update. Ourmonthly industry update is a publication designed to provide meaningful insight into todays industriesin Vietnam. We encourage our readers to submit suggestions for topics that they would like see

covered in future issues. While FineIntel can not cover each and every topic, we will do our best toprovide the fullest coverage possible.

For further information in relation to the publication, please contact FineIntel.

Market overviewVietnam has experienced a period of rapid economic and social change which has both influenced and been shapedby dynamic employment and labor market trends. The effect of the global financial crisis on Vietnams labormarket, measured in terms of conventional indicators of labor market imbalance like unemployment, has beennegligible compared with neighboring countries such as Thailand, Malaysia or the Philippines. Vietnams labor forcegrew annually by an average of 1.24 million during the 2005-2009 period. This represents a growth rate of around2.9 percent per year, or approximately twice the rate of growth of the total population. In 2009, the labor force

totaled 47.7 million people within a population of 87 million, with 63 percent at working age. The workforceconsisted of 24.6 million men and 23.1 million women, mostly young people between the age of 15 and 24.

However, despite some advances, the labor force remains mostly unskilled, as nearly two-thirds (65.3 percent) donot have any technical education. Of particular concern is the gender gap in technical education. Women havelimited access to vocational education because of gender biases in society, particularly in rural and mountainousareas.The average annual growth in employment between 2005 and 2009 was approximately 1.03 million, or 2.5percent. However, this increase was slightly lower than the labor force growth rate over the same period, reflectingthe difficult challenge of employment creation in Vietnam. The number of employed workers expanded from 42.8million to 47.7 million during this period, with the share of women workers in total employment increasing from47.9 percent in 2005 to 48.1 per cent in 2009. The growing gender gap, which reached 3.8 percentage points,


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reflects in part the inequality of employment opportunities that women have to face in the labor market.Vietnam has a relatively low and stable unemployment rate (between 2-3 percent), as shown in Figure 1. Theunemployment rate jumped from 2.1 percent in 2005 to 2.4 percent in 2008 because of the global financial crisis.While this low and stable unemployment rate is an encouraging sign, it would be too hasty to conclude that therate of employment creation is keeping up with the rate of labor force growth. Low unemployment is rather typicalin low and medium income countries where many workers are self-employed and are too poor to affordunemployment insurance. For such countries, the real issue is underemployment. Unemployment is also more

prevalent in urban areas than in rural areas. This is not surprising: rural workers tend to be self-employed, sounderemployment rather than unemployment is more common.

Labor supply and demandVietnam has an abundant and growing labor force, with over 1 million new entrants to the labor market each year,putting pressure on job creation. Skill levels remain low, though improving.Figure 3 shows a gradual increase in average years of schooling of the Vietnamese labor force and also shows abig gap between males and females, and urban and rural areas. Its clear that this increase is not enough in aglobalized market with highly-skilled labor forces in other countries.

Despite some advances, the labor force in Vietnam remains mostly unskilled, as in 2008 40 percent did not attendany school or only primary school. Thirty-four percent completed lower secondary school and 21.5 percentcompleted upper secondary school. Data indicates that only 4.5 percent went to junior college or higher. So thelabor force remains mostly unskilled, as 65.3 per cent did not receive any technical education in 2007.Of particular concern is the gender gap in technical education. Moreover, data indicates that women face barriersin terms of access to vocational training. They have limited access to vocational education because of genderbiases in society, particularly in rural and mountainous areas where limited resources or traditional ideas aboutwomen not needing to study continue to be prevalent.


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Figure 5 shows that there have been no changes in employment structure trends, with employment in theagriculture sector still shifting to industry and services. In 2000, almost two-thirds (65 percent) of all workers wereemployed in agriculture. However, by 2007 this had declined to 55 percent, indicating a rapid transition. In 2009only half (48 percent) of all employees were working in agriculture, with industry making up 31 percent. Becauseof the global financial crisis, employment growth stayed relatively stable from 2007 to 2009, but the real challengefor Vietnams labor market is not creating more jobs and changing the employment structure, but creatingproductive and equitable employment.

Labor productivity and competitivenessLabor productivity, defined as GDP per worker, has been increasing in Vietnam at a rate of about 5 percent per


14/36

year and stood at VND34.7 million (US$1,830) per worker in 2009. Industry remained the leader, at nearly VND57million per worker, more than 50 percent higher than services and more than six times the level in agriculture.Although the growth in Vietnams labor productivity is relatively high compared with other ASEAN economies,productivity is still low because it started from a very low base. As at 2008, labor productivity was only about halfof Chinas level, and about one ninth of Singapores. So Vietnam still has a very large gap to make up.

Vietnam ranked 75 out of 133 countries in 2009-2010 in the World Economic Forums Global CompetitivenessIndex, a fall from 70 in 2008-2009. As with regional comparisons of labor productivity, Singapores ranking (3)was the highest in the ASEAN region, followed by Malaysia (24), Thailand (36) and Indonesia (54). The low level ofproductivity is therefore a concern for Vietnams future competitiveness in the context of enhanced marketintegration and the process of moving up the value chain in regional and global production systems.

WagesThere was no official data in 2009 regarding wages but some unofficial data across all types of enterprises inVietnam indicates a positive and steady increase. Two main points stand out. First, the average hourly wage hasbeen rising over the years, consistent with the fact that labor productivity has been rising. Second, wage growthwas higher for higher levels of education, indicating a rise in the skill premium. Growth in wages at foreign-invested companies as well as state-owned enterprises climbed fastest, at 8.6 percent annually, while wages inhousehold-based enterprises increased a modest 2.3 percent. Linked to average annual inflation of 4.1 per centduring 2000-2008, workers actually saw real wages decline.In terms of gender equality, the average wages of female workers were lower than male workers in the sameoccupations. In general, the average monthly wage for women was equal to only 87.5 percent of male wages in2008. The largest gap in wages and salary was in careers such as machinery installation and operation (wherefemale wages were 66 percent of male wages). However, from 2002 to 2008, wage growth for female workers wasslightly higher (16 percent) than for male workers (15 percent), which helped to narrow the gender-based wagegap.In the past Vietnam has relied on low labor costs in building export-oriented and labor-intensive industries such astextiles, garments and footwear. But this cannot remain a comparative advantage in the years to come as thecountry moves up the value chain in regional and global production networks and produces more technology andcapital-intensive products.

Older news:


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Vietnam Pharmaceutical Market Update (07/09) Vietnam Telecommunications Update (13/08) Vietnams Beverage Market Update (16/07) Vietnams Automobile Market Update (14/06) Vietnams Textile And Garment Market Update (01/05)

[ Back ]

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Ex-convicts struggle in flooded NC job market

Posted 11/8/2010 12:08 AM ET E-mail | Save | Print

By James Halpin, The Fayetteville Observer

FAYETTEVILLE, N.C. Finding work as a laborer should be easy for a man like Terrance Cruell, who has his age on his side, ahigh school diploma and a driver's license.

But the 28-year-old has something many other applicants don't: a fe lony cocaine conspiracy conviction and a record that includes 4

1/2 years in federal prison.

For about a year now, Cruell says, he's put in applications, worked connections through friends and family, and talked to a job

coach. Yet most employers don't even bother calling him back, he said.

"I've been trying to do right, but it's kind of hard when you want to do right, and you can't, you know?" Cruell said. "They won't even

give you a chance."

Since the recession began, perhaps no other group has struggled more to find work than the thousands of North Carolinians who

have criminal records. With a labor pool flooded with well-qualified applicants, most employers can afford to be particular when

hiring for the few openings they've had.

Former inmates who can't get a job are three times more likely to return to prison than those who find steady employment, said

Keith Acree, spokesman for the North Carolina Department of Correction.

"The population is really a hard-to-place population to begin with," said LaFonda General, the regional former-offender coordinator

with the North Carolina Employment Security Commission. "In these economic times, it just makes it a little more difficult."

In August, the state had a prison population of more than 40,000 and more than 108,000 people on probation. North Carolina

prisons released 28,589 inmates between Oct. 1, 2009, and Sept. 30. Many of those people returned to their communities to find a

crowded work force. Unemployment in Cumberland County has hovered above 9 percent for most of the past year.

The DOC offers training and other programs to help ex-cons explain their pasts and prepare for job interviews, Acree said. But the

poor economy has made it difficult even for the state's Work-Release Program, which allows inmates to work at businesses outside

prison.

"We're only working about half the number of inmates that we normally would in a good economy," Acree said. "A lot of our regular

work-release employers just don't have the business and don't have the positions to hire these workers that they used to need."

Vickie Parrot is a job developer for the Offender Employment and Training Initiative in Cumberland County. She said she's booked

until mid-November with appointments with ex-cons who want work. The initiative, which started in January with seed money from

the federal economic stimulus package, placed 11 people like her across the state to help former inmates rejoin society.

In Cumberland County, the program drew about 31 people looking for work in February, Parrot said. By June, Parrot had 75appointments.

Some of those people could be good workers but aren't given a chance because of their records, she said.

"No one puts a gun to their heads to make them commit these crimes in the fi rst place, and it is their fault and their responsibility,"

Parrot said. "But at the same time, a lot of people make stupid mistakes. When they come out at a young age with a felony charge,

it haunts them for the remainder of their lives and they usually don't become gainfully employed. They usually just fall back into the

easy money."

Not all want to work. Many of them do, and they have skills, she said. To get them past the checked felon box on job applications,

Parrot helps them write a letter explaining their crimes in addition to directing them to get general equivalency diplomas and driver's

licenses.
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According to the Correction Department, offender-friendly industries include manufacturing, construction, food services, hospitality,

landscaping and maintenance. Some small businesses are willing to give offenders a chance, but major corporations often won't

because of strict policies, Parrot said.

"If you don't have employment, you can't eat. You can't provide for your family. I can only imagine how they feel devastated and

hopeless," Parrot said. "These employers, because they're so strict on their guidelines, are in a sense keeping these individuals

from doing better. They ultimately end up going back, committing another crime, which means there is another victim, which means

there is another $27,000 a year (in prison costs) paid by the taxpayers' dollars because we couldn't get him a job."

Employers can take advantage of incentives to hire ex-criminals, said General, of the Employment Security Commission. The

government offers a work opportunity tax credit of up to $2,400 for each ex-convict hired within a year of conviction or release from

prison, she said.

The federal bonding program also offers coverage against employee theft or dishonesty for up to $5,000 at no cost to the employer

as an incentive to hire applicants who are considered a risk.

"Even with those incentives, we kind of have a hard time," said Priamos Williams, a job coach with Preferred Alternatives Inc., a

private group that helps disabled people and ex-convicts. The company ceased operations this week.

Williams said he goes out with job seekers, many of them felons, to approach employers and advocate for his clients, reminding

prospective employers of the incentives.

"Some people are more open than others," Williams said. "For the most part, people aren't really willing to listen to you once they

notice that there's a felon that you're advocating for, but it depends on the business."

Copyright 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Tennessee restaurantinspection findings and
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