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FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT, 1999MANAGEMENT ACT, 1999

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• ObjectivesTo facilitate external trade and

payments To promote the orderly development

and maintenance of foreign exchange market

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• Introduction: -Foreign exchange transactions were

regulated by Foreign exchange regulation act (FERA), 1973

Following the liberalization ushered in 1991 some amendments were made to FERA in 1993 there was a lot demand to bring certain major changes in FERA in the light of economic changes took place

Consequently a new act was formed to replace FERA, known as Foreign exchange management act (FEMA), 1999

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Section 3 of FEMASection 3 of FEMA

It talks about dealings in foreign exchange and foreign It talks about dealings in foreign exchange and foreign securities and payments to and receipts from any person securities and payments to and receipts from any person outside India.outside India.

The general or special permission of the Reserve Bank of India The general or special permission of the Reserve Bank of India is required in the following mattersis required in the following matters

(a)(a)Dealing in any foreign exchange or foreign security with any Dealing in any foreign exchange or foreign security with any person other than the authorized personperson other than the authorized person

(b) Payment to or for the credit of any person resident outside (b) Payment to or for the credit of any person resident outside India in any manner India in any manner

© Receiving of any payment by order or on behalf of any © Receiving of any payment by order or on behalf of any

person resident outside India in any manner otherwise person resident outside India in any manner otherwise through an authorized personthrough an authorized person

(d) Enter in to any financial transaction in India as a (d) Enter in to any financial transaction in India as a consideration for or in. association with requisition or consideration for or in. association with requisition or creation or transfer of a right to acquire any asset outside creation or transfer of a right to acquire any asset outside India by any person India by any person

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Holding of Foreign Exchange:-No person resident in India shall acquire, hold, own,

possess or transfer any foreign exchange/foreign security or any immovable property situated outside India

Current account Transactions:- -Act permits dealing in foreign exchange through

authorized persons for current account transactions.

-Central Government can impose reasonable restrictions in public interest with this regard

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Capital Account Transactions: -Any person may sell or draw foreign exchange to or from an

authorized person for a capital account transaction permitted by RBI in consultation with central Government .

RBI prohibits, restricts or regulate the following,

(a) Transfer or issue of any foreign security by a person resident in India

(b) Transfer or issue of any foreign security by a person resident outside India

© Transfer or issue of any security or foreign security by any branch, office or agency in India of a person resident outside India

(d) Any borrowing or lending in foreign exchange in whatever form or by whatever name called

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(e) Any borrowing or lending in rupees in whatever form or whatever name called between a person resident in India and a person resident outside India;

(f) Deposits between persons resident in India and a person resident outside India

(g) Export, Import or holding of currency or currency notes

(h) Transfer of immovable property outside India other than a lease not exceeding five years by a person resident outside India

(i) Acquisition or transfer of immovable property in India other than a lease not exceeding five years by a person resident outside India

(j) Giving of guarantee or surety in respect of any debt obligation or the liability1. By a person resident in India and owed to a person resident outside India

or2. By a person resident outside India

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Export of goods and servicesEvery exporter of goods shall famish to the RBI or to such other

authority the following

(a)A declaration specified1. True and correct material particulars2. Amount representing the value of full export of goods3. The time of the export4. The value which exporter having regard to the prevailing market

conditions expects to receive on the sale of the goods in a market outside India

(b) Other information-That may be required by RBI for the purpose of ensuring the

realization of the export proceeds by such exporter- Every exporter of the services shall furnish to the RBI or to such

other authorities a declaration as specified, containing the true and correct material particulars in relation to the payment for such services

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Realization and Repatriation of foreign exchange:-

Any person in this concern shall have to follow the reasonable steps to realize and repatriate it to India with or with in the time in the manner prescribed by the act

Contravention and penal ties:-• For any kind of contravention under this act

defaulter is liable to pay up to thrice the amount involved where it is quantifiable Up to Rs. 2 lakhs Where not quantifiable

• If such contravention is continued further penalty which may extend to Rs. 5,000 for every day after the first day

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Administration of the Act

- The rules regulations and norms pertaining to many sections are laid down by RBI in consultation with central Government.

- The Act requires central Government to appoint,• Adjudicating Authorities for holding enquires related to the

contravention of the Act• one or more Special Directors (appeals) to hear appeals against

the order of the Adjudicating authorities

- Central Government shall have to establish1. An Appellate Tribunal for foreign Exchange to hear appeals against

the order of the Adjudicating Authorities and the Special Directors2. A Director of Enforcement with a Director and such officers or class

of officers as it thinks fit for taking up for investigation the contravention under this Act

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FERA V/s FEMA:-1. In FEMA only the specified acts related to foreign

exchange are regulated while in FERA anything and everything that has to do with foreign exchange was controlled

2. The objective of FEMA is to facilitate trade while that of FERA is to prevent misuse

1. FEMA is a much smaller enactment only 49 sections against 81 sections of FERA

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QUESTIONS

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