force & motion. force & motion i. force a. def. – a push or pull b. measured in newtons...
TRANSCRIPT
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FORCE & MOTION
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Force & Motion
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I. Force
A. Def. – a push or pull
B. Measured in Newtons (n) – by a spring scale
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C. Forces in combination
1. same direction 50 N 50N
= _____N
2. opposite direction 100 N 25 N
= ____ N
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D. Friction – force that slows or prevents motion
1. Sources a. roughness of surface; ex. road, floor
b. Weight - forces pushing surfaces together; large object
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2. Types
a. static friction – friction at rest; ex. eraser sits still
b. sliding friction – something pushed across a surface; ex. box pushed on floor
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c. rolling friction – between wheels & floor; ex. car
d. fluid friction – friction of liquids or gases; ex. airplane, boat
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3. reducing friction a. lubricants – oil, wax, grease
b. switch from sliding to rolling
c. smooth surface – ex. use sandpaper
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4. increasing friction – make surfaces rougher & increase the weight (forces pushing the surfaces together
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FRICTION
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Why did the teacher insist that her students wear rain slickers?
She wanted to reduce the friction between them.
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E. Gravitational Force – force of attraction between any 2 objects
that have mass 1. Law of universal gravitation – all
matter experiences gravity; the size of the force depends on the masses of the objects & the distance between them
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Alien Song
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a. size: sunearthmoon (tides)
b. distance – earth’s gravity affects us more b/c we are closer
2. weight – measure of gravitational force
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F. Centripetal Force – force which pulls objects toward the center of a curving path
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II. Motion – occurs when an object changes position over
timeA. Types of Motion
1. neither direction nor speed changes
2. accelerating/decelerating
3. when force applied
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4. opposite forces
5. vertical
6. circular
7. projectile
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B. Motion described1. relative position to a reference point; ex.
moving past the middle school
2. Energy- Law of conservation of energy: energy is neither created nor destroyed;
a. potential – stored energy; ex. car @ top of hill
b. kinetic – energy in motion; ex. car moving
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Kinetic & Potential Energy – 2:56
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3. direction – N, S, E, W
4. speed – rate at which object moves over time
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a.) speed = distance/time
ex. 100 miles/2 hrs. = 50 miles/hr
b.) time = distance/speed
ex. 100 miles/ 50 miles/hr = 2 hrs.
c.) distance = speed x time
ex. 50 miles/hr x 2 hrs. = 100 miles
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C. Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion
1. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) – an object at rest or in motion tends to stay at rest or in motion unless acted on by a force (INERTIA)
ex.
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Seatbelts
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Newton’s 1st law of Motion – force, friction, & Inertia – 6:04
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2. Newton’s 2nd Law Motion – the change in motion depends on the mass of the object & the amount of force applied;
(a = F/m) OR the amount of force depends on the mass times the acceleration
(F = m x a); Ex.
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Newton’s 2nd Law – 2:34
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3. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion – for every force action, there is an equal & opposite force reaction (action-reaction)
Ex. bike hits car, car hits bike;
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Springboard
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Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion – 3:00
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D. Momentum – measure of how hard it is to stop an object;
- Law of Conservation of Momentum – the total momentum of objects that collide with each other is the same before & after the collision
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THE END!!
bigwheelswreck.mp4