for further information · table : relationship between management action targets (mats), goals,...

For further information:

South East Natural Resources Management Board

9 Wehl Street South – PO Box 30

MOUNT GAMBIER SA 5290

(08) 8724 6000 www.senrm.sa.gov.au

Copyright

This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no

part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the South East

Natural Resources Management Board. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and

rights should be directed to the Regional Planning Manager, South East Natural Resources

Management Board, PO Box 30 Mount Gambier SA 5290.

Disclaimer

The South East Natural Resources Management Board and the Government of South Australia,

their employees and their servants do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use

or results of use of the information contained herein as to its correctness, accuracy, currency or

otherwise. The South East Natural Resources Management Board and the Government of

South Australia, their employees and their servants expressly disclaim all liability or

responsibility to any person using the information or advice contained herein.

Cover photos: Pip Rasenberg, Nick Hunt and Courtney Smith

South East Natural Resources Management PlanPart Two : Strategic Plan

�

Part Two :

Strategic Plan

February 2010

Regional Natural Resources Management Plan


�


�

PART THREE: BUSINESS PLAN

3


�


�

As a long-term resident of the South East, I am proud

to represent the people of this region and to be able to

say that “we love where we live”. The area has a vast

number of unique landscapes, with which residents

and visitors alike can identify. The majestic Red Gum

country, the long, sandy beaches, the productive

cropping country to the north, the rich volcanic soils of

the south - our natural resources provide the basis for

a stable regional economy, a diversity of native plants

and animals and a rarely found quality of life.

The SE NRM Board’s vision for the region is “Healthy

landscapes for better living.” This demonstrates the

strong connection between the health of these unique

natural resources and the well-being of the region’s

people and future generations.

One of the greatest challenges to be addressed

through this plan is to increase the motivation and

ability of our community to manage our natural

resources sustainably. Collectively, we must place a

higher value on the soils, water, biodiversity, coast and

marine assets of our region and recognise the social,

environmental and economic contribution that they

make.

The region is facing increasing pressure on water

resources, population predictions and rapid

Foreword

development. As the State looks for a future food bowl

and carbon sequestration capital, there has never

been a better time to set a strategic direction for the

integrated and landscape scale management of the

natural resources in the South East.

Our plan has an underlying theme of working together;

working with primary producers to sustainably

manage private lands; working with Local, State and

Commonwealth Governments to increase on-ground

NRM results for greater community benefit; working

with urban and peri-urban residents to improve their

understanding of the difference that people can

make. We all have a role to play in natural resources

management and through this plan, the SE NRM

Board aims to build commitment, skills and knowledge

in NRM for the future of the South East.

On behalf of the SE NRM Board, I would like to thank

the many organisations and individuals who have

given their time and knowledge to completing this

important plan for the region and their commitment

to ongoing action. I encourage all members of our

community to participate in the implementation of

this strategic document that will ensure a prosperous

future for our region both in the long-term and the

nearer future so we can indeed achieve “Healthy

landscapes for better living”.

James Osborne

Presiding Member


�


�

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 9

�.� Acknowledgment of Country .................................................................................................................. 9

�.� What is NRM? ........................................................................................................................................ 9

�.� The South East NRM Region ............................................................................................................... �0

�.�.� Landscapes ............................................................................................................................. �0

�.�.� Climate and Rainfall ................................................................................................................ �0

�.�.� Towns and People .................................................................................................................... �0

�.�.� Industry and Employment ........................................................................................................ �0

�.� Natural Resources Management in South Australia .............................................................................��

�.� The South East Natural Resources Management Plan ........................................................................��

�.� The Structure of the Plan ......................................................................................................................��

�.� The South East Natural Resources Management Board ..................................................................... ��

�.8 NRM neighbours .................................................................................................................................. ��

�.9 NRM in a changing climate .................................................................................................................. ��

2. PARTNERSHIPS ............................................................................................................................................... 15

3. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................. 19

�.� Vision .................................................................................................................................................... �9

�.� Guiding Principles ................................................................................................................................. �0

�.� Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... �0

�.� Long-term and Short-term Targets ........................................................................................................ ��

�.� Resource Condition Targets .................................................................................................................. ��

�.� Management Action Targets .................................................................................................................. ��

�.�.� Goal A MATs ........................................................................................................................... ��

�.�.� Goal B MATs ............................................................................................................................ �0

�.�.� Goal C MATs ............................................................................................................................ ��

�.�.� Goal D MATs ............................................................................................................................ ��

�.� Research Priorities ...................................................................................................................... ��

4. LINKS .......................................................................................................................................................... 59

�.� Links to Other Plans .............................................................................................................................. ��

5. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................... 65

�.� Map of the South East NRM Region ..................................................................................................... ��

�.� Abbreviations Used ............................................................................................................................... ��

�.� Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ ��

�.� References ............................................................................................................................................ ��

�.� Guiding Principles from the State NRM Plan ........................................................................................ ��

�.� Targets relating to each asset ............................................................................................................... ��

Contents


8

Figure �:

Relationship between the different components of the Strategic Plan and link to the Business Plan ................... �9

Figure �: Comparison of State NRM Plan and Regional NRM Plan terminology ................................................. �0

Table �: Resource Condition Targets for the South East. ...................................................................................... ��

Table �: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT B.� ............................................................................. ��

Table �: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT B.� ............................................................................. �8

Table �: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT B.� ............................................................................. �9

Table �: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT C.� ............................................................................. �9

Table �: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT L.� ............................................................................. �0

Table �: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT L.� ............................................................................. �0

Table 8: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT P.� ............................................................................. ��

Table 9 Management Action Targets contributing to RCT W.� .............................................................................. ��

Table �0: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT W.� .......................................................................... ��

Table ��: Relationship between Management Action Targets (MATs), Goals,

Resource Condition Targets (RCTs) and Business Plan Themes ......................................................................... ��

Table ��: Goal A Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��





Table ��: Goal B Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��

Table �8: Goal B Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��

Table �9: Goal C Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��

Table �0: Goal C Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��

Table ��: Goal C Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��



Table ��: Goal D Priority � research needs .......................................................................................................... ��




Table �8: Emerging research opportunities .......................................................................................................... ��

Table �9: Links between SE NRM Plan and SA Strategic Plan ........................................................................... �0

Table �0: Links between SE NRM Plan and State NRM Plan .............................................................................. �0

Table ��: Correlation of Goals SE NRM Plan and State NRM Plan ..................................................................... ��

Figure �: Relationship between the different levels of legislation and planning ................................................... ��

List of Figures and Tables


9

The South East Natural Resources

Management Plan (Regional NRM Plan)

is a requirement of the Natural Resources

Management Act 2004 (NRM Act).

Developed by the South East Natural

Resources Management (SE NRM) Board

with the help of the regional community, the

Regional NRM Plan sets the direction for

natural resources management in the SE

NRM Region over the next �0 years.

Sustainable management of the SE NRM

Region’s natural resources is an interest

shared by Commonwealth, State and Local

Governments, industry groups, rural and

urban communities, Aboriginal communities,

community groups, landholders and

individuals. This Regional NRM Plan aims

to inform and guide the NRM activities of the

region’s communities.

�. Introduction

1.1 Acknowledgment of Country

The SE NRM Board acknowledges and respects the

traditional owners of the SE NRM Region’s ancestral

lands. The SE NRM Board acknowledges the elders

past and present and the Board respects the deep

feelings of attachment and relationship of Aboriginal

peoples to Country.

1.2 What is NRM? Natural resources are defined asvegetation and

biodiversity, coasts, land, soils, rangelands, people

and water (www.anra.gov.au). This includes terrestrial,

aquatic and marine ecosystems.

Natural Resources Management (NRM) describes

how we as a community look after and value these

natural resources and the environment that we rely on

for our prosperity, productivity and enjoyment. While it

is often easy to take for granted the environment that

we live within and depend on, this attitude can lead

to misuse and overuse of our natural resources, that

is our biodiversity, coast and marine environments,

soil and landscapes, and water. NRM is about

managing our use of natural resources, protecting

them and investing in them so that current and future

generations can benefit from them in a sustainable

way. For Aboriginal people NRM is viewed and

practiced quite differently. Natural resources are

essential to their health and spiritual well-being. They

provide Aboriginal people with a sense of identity and

caring for Country is part of their cultural responsibility

and is part of family obligations (Pers. Comm.

Landcare Coordinator Aboriginal Communities, �009).

Natural Resources Management requires active

management and our region’s people are central to

achieving a balance between the social and economic

needs of the community and the needs of our

environment.


�0

1.3 The South East NRM Region

The SE NRM Region supports a population of

over ��,000 people and extends over an area of

approximately �8,000 square kilometres. As the

name implies, the region is in the south-east of South

Australia and is bounded by the Victorian border to

the east, the Southern Ocean to the south and west,

and extends north to the Coorong and Tatiara District

Councils (See Appendix � Map – SE NRM Region).

1.3.1 Landscapes The SE NRM Region has many unique landforms and

distinctive natural characteristics that have originated

from a long, complex geological history. The region

is characterised by a series of stranded dune ranges

that rise between �0-�0 metres above interdunal

plains. These plains can be inundated over winter and

host a variety of internationally recognised wetland

systems including the Ramsar listed Bool and Hacks

Lagoons and part of the Coorong and Lower Lakes

Wetlands. The region also hosts an extensive network

of limestone sinkholes and caves, which include the

World Heritage listed Naracoorte Caves.

The region contains very few surface water streams

or rivers and water for industry, irrigation, livestock

and domestic use is primarily sourced from the ground

water system which consists of extensive unconfined

and confined aquifers.

Although only ��% native vegetation cover remains

(Foulkes et al, 2003), the region has diverse flora

and fauna and diverse habitats that include heathy

woodlands and forests, grassy woodlands, dry

heathlands and mallee, scattered trees, open water

swamps and wetlands and rising springs. The

coastline is largely undeveloped and has distinctive

features which include coastal lakes and limestone

cliffs. Significant areas of the coastline are protected

areas under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972,

with the scenery and beaches a major attraction of the

region.

The marine environment is mostly high energy and is

significant for its high biodiversity and high productivity.

1.3.2 Climate and Rainfall The climate of the SE NRM Region is considered to be

Mediterranean, with cool wet winters and mild to hot,

dry summers.

The highest annual rainfalls occur in the southern

areas where the average precipitation is approximately

8�0 mm per annum (Bureau of Meteorology, �009). A

steady decrease northward in precipitation results in a

mean annual rainfall of approximately ��0 mm at the

northern edge of the region. The majority of rain falls

during the winter months particularly in the coastal

zones, which generally receive less summer rainfall

than those areas further inland (SENRCC �00�).

Conversely, annual pan evaporation is lowest in the

south and greatest in the north.

1.3.3 Towns and People Mount Gambier is the second largest urban centre in

South Australia and is the most populous area in the

SE NRM Region with a population over ��,000 people.

Other significant towns in the Region are Naracoorte,

Millicent, Bordertown, Kingston and Keith. Robe,

Beachport, Port MacDonnell and Penola are popular

holiday destinations and the population of these towns

increases dramatically in summer months.

The region has a relatively young population

compared to the State as a whole and the region’s

population is stable at present, a trend that is expected

to continue.

1.3.4 Industry and employment Agriculture, forestry and the fishing industry are

significant industries for the SE NRM Region,

accounting for �0% of all direct employment compared

with a figure of 5% for South Australia. Value adding

industries such as timber, wine and potato processing

as well as manufacturing and associated services

provide considerable economic value to the South

East. The region is also a popular area for tourism

with over �00,000 visitors a year.


��

1.4 Natural Resources Management in

South Australia

In �00�, the South Australian Government enacted the

Natural Resources Management Act 2004 (NRM Act),

introducing a new framework for the integrated use

and sustainable management of the State’s natural

resources. The NRM Act provides for the creation

of eight NRM regions within South Australia and the

establishment of a regionally based, community driven

board for each region.

1.5 The South East Natural Resources

Management Plan

The Regional NRM Plan guides the operation of the

SE NRM Board and all strategic NRM activities in the

region. It does this by providing information about

the current state and condition of the region’s natural

resources, setting long-term �0-year targets for the

desired future condition of the natural resources and

describes the strategies required to achieve those

targets.

The Regional NRM Plan also provides the basis for

determining the NRM Levy and provides a basis

for investment in NRM in the SE NRM Region.

Importantly, the Regional NRM Plan guides the

approach to NRM of all the Region’s stakeholders

including:

• Landowners and managers

• Community groups

• Australian Government

• State Government

• Local Government

• Research institutions

• Rural communities

• SE NRM Board

• State Government agencies

• Industry

• Non-government organisations

• Urban communities

• Natural resource users

• Aboriginal communities and organisations

The Regional NRM Plan is prepared by the SE NRM

Board in consultation with the community, and is a

statutory document under the Natural Resources

Management Act 2004. Importantly, the Regional

NRM Plan is consistent with and helps to achieve

the objectives of the State NRM Plan and South

Australia’s Strategic Plan.

1.6 The Structure of the Plan The Regional NRM Plan consists of four major parts:

Part One: Regional Description:

Provides the most up-to-date information about the

region’s natural resources. It describes each natural

resource asset, reports on current condition and

trends, identifies threats, outlines current management

by all natural resource managers and describes

information gaps.

The Regional Description is reviewed every five (5)

years.

Part Two: Strategic Plan (10 year):

Includes the vision and goals for the region’s natural

resources. It also sets long-term �0-year targets,

medium-term five (5) year targets and describes

indicative actions required to achieve the targets.

This section provides strategic direction for all

natural resource managers.

The Strategic Plan is reviewed every five (5) years.

Part Three: Business Plan (3 year):

Outlines the actions to be undertaken by the SE NRM

Board to implement the Strategic Plan and meet the

requirements of the Plan’s NRM Policy section.

The Business Plan is reviewed annually.

Part Four - NRM Policy:

Presents the regulations and policies that underpin

the implementation of the Regional NRM Plan

including the statutory requirements for water affecting

activities, pest plant and animal control and land

management. It also aims to achieve alignment with

local government development plans.

The NRM Policy is reviewed and updated as

necessary.


��

1.7 The South East Natural Resources

Management Board

The SE NRM Board was established in May �00�.

Members of the SE NRM Board are both community

and government representatives with knowledge, skills

and experience across many areas of NRM including

water, soil, biodiversity or pest plant and animal

management, primary production, business, local

government, community and Aboriginal interests.

The SE NRM Board plays an active role in the

management of the region’s soil, water, ecosystems,

coast and marine environments. The NRM Act

describes the Board’s functions to include:

• The preparation and implementation of a

Regional NRM Plan for the South East

• The promotion of public awareness and

understanding of integrated and sustainable NRM

• Undertaking or supporting educational initiatives

to assist people to improve the management of

natural resources

• Providing advice with respect to the assessment

of various activities or proposal referred to the

Board under the NRM Act or any other Act

• Resolving any issue that may arise between any

NRM groups that are relevant to the management

of natural resources within the region

• Providing advice on any matter relevant to the

condition of natural resources within the South

East, or on the management of those resources

The NRM Act provides for the establishment of sub-

regional bodies, of which the Board has developed

three: the Northern, Central and Southern NRM

Groups. The role of these groups is to promote

local integration of natural resources management,

providing important links to local communities and

local NRM issues.

1.8 NRM neighbours

The SE NRM Region borders the South Australian

Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management

Board to the west and north, while on the eastern

edge of the region in Victoria there are three adjoining

Catchment Management Authorities (Mallee, Wimmera

and Glenelg Hopkins).

Natural resources, ecosystems and pest plant and

animal populations do not recognise boundaries such

as those between States or NRM Boards. Effective

management of natural resources and threats requires

understanding, cooperation and coordinated effort

within and beyond the SE NRM region. Examples

include the Border Groundwaters Agreement, a

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for surface

water catchment values, and collaborative pest plant

and animal control programs. Further information

about NRM neighbours can be found in Part Two:

Strategic Plan: Section �: Partnerships.

1.9 NRM in a changing climate

Debate surrounding Climate Change, and

consequently our knowledge and understanding of

this issueis developing rapidly, and given the number

of studies in the area, scientific confidence in climate

models is increasing (SA Government, �009: www.

climatechange.sa.gov.au). Studies conducted by

scientific agencies such as the Commonwealth

Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

(CSIRO) indicate there will be several changes in the

climate of South Australia, Australia and the world. A

study conducted by McInnes et al (�00�) showed the

following potential trends for South Australia:

• An increase in annual average temperatures

(0.� - �.�° C in the southern end of the state, by

�0�0);

• A decrease in average annual rainfall;

• Reductions in the amount of winter and spring

rain;

• An increase in the frequency of extreme

maximum temperatures;

• A decrease in the frequency of extreme minimum

temperatures;

• An increase of up to �0% in extreme rainfall

events; and

• An increase in the frequency of droughts towards

the end of the century.

The above are a list of potential responses of the

South Australian climate to plausible scenarios

involving future carbon dioxide and other emissions.


��

These indicators take into account many factors

including economic trends, concentrations of

greenhouse gases and their warming effects, and

cooling effects of other pollutants like aerosols (SA

Government, �009: www.climatechange.sa.gov.au).

However, confidence levels vary for different aspects

of climate projections. For example, we can be more

certain about projected temperatures than rainfall

projections, based on the reliability and availability of

the information collected over time.

Adapting to the above potential changes could prove

vital to the short and long term sustainability of the

region’s environmental, social and economic values.

Responsibility for making reasonable adaptations

to daily practices falls across all Natural Resources

stakeholders- from the individual and the household,

to national and international governments and

organisations. Mitigation, which describes actions to

reduce climate change such as reducing greenhouse

gas emissions, is also significant at all levels.

Climate change will be a key consideration in the

management of the natural resources of the South

East. Investment in the natural resources of the region

must consider vulnerability and resilience of these

resources to a warmer and drier regional climate.

Though many climate change impacts are likely to be

negative, some crops may experience enhanced yield

due to the increased carbon dioxide in the air, known

colloquially as the Cardon Fertilisation Effect (Kriticos,

�0�0). However, the impacts of climate change would

not be limited to affecting food crops and natives, but

would undoubtedly influence pest plant and animal

species. Studies by Kriticos (�0�0) indicate that it is

going to get harder to kill or control weeds. Factors

influenced by climate change that would affect weed

control include:

• Spray windows (time of year, manageability of

weed control);

• Herbicide efficacy (success of herbicide

compromised/enhanced by environmental

factors);

• Herbicide resistance;

• Biological control systems (e.g. life-cycles of

control insects may be affected);

• Carbon fertilisation effect;

• Water use efficiency; and

• Range shifts (weeds spreading to new areas as

habitat becomes more appropriate).

Some weeds, such as Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus),

Bridal Creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) and Scotch

Broom (Cytisus scoparius), are expected to find less

suitable habitat throughout South Australia as a result

of climate change. Conversely, the Green Triangle,

the Coonawarra and the Limestone Coast may have

a future climate that is more conducive to some

relatively aggressive weed species, such as Bridal

Veil (Asparagus declinatus), European Olive (Olea

europa), Chilean Needlegrass (Nassella neesiana),

and African Boxthorn (Rhamnus alaternus) (Kriticos,

�0�0), to name a few.

As such, regional impacts of climate change may be

hard to measure initially. Globally, climate change

has potentially devastating implications, and South

Australia may experience not only the direct effects of

climate change, but may also be significantly affected

by how the rest of the world fares and the worldwide

response (McInnes et al, �00�).

The SE NRM Board will strive to take a flexible and

adaptive management approach to natural resources

management in the light of potential climate change

impacts, enabling new information to guide activities

and priorities as it becomes available. The Board

and its partners will work in a proactive manner

to minimise the impacts of climate change on our

natural resources through its policies, procedures and

endorsed on-ground projects.


��


��

The South East is a large area, with a relatively small

population, based predominantly in the southern

part of the region. The effective management of the

extensive natural resources of the South East requires

coordinated effort from all stakeholders who use and

value these natural resources.

Key Stakeholders There are many stakeholder groupings in the region,

both formal and informal, that are actively involved

in protecting, enhancing, managing and sustainably

using the natural resources of the region. These are

discussed in detail in Section � - People in Part One:

Regional Description, and include:

South East Community Individuals and groups of land managers have the

greatest role to play in the continuing management

of the natural resources of the region. Ultimately, it

will be the ongoing decisions and actions of these

land managers that will be most critical in advancing

NRM in the region. Natural resources management

organisations can support these communities

with guidance and technical support to encourage

appropriate natural resources management.

Mount Gambier is the second largest urban centre in

South Australia and is the largest centre of population

in the South East. Other towns with larger urban

populations include Naracoorte, Millicent, Bordertown

and Keith. Every citizen benefits from sound NRM,

therefore, the understanding and involvement of towns

across the region is invaluable.

Aboriginal Community The development of cooperative arrangements with

Aboriginal people as natural resources managers will

promote a wider understanding of the relationship

between NRM and Aboriginal culture with a view to

integrating Aboriginal values and cultural heritage in

�. Partnerships

NRM programs. In the long-term, this will assist in the

protection of Aboriginal cultural values and heritage

through strong links to country. As described in

Part One: Regional Description, there are a number

of Aboriginal organisations in the region, including

the South East Aboriginal Focus Group and the

Murapeena Heritage Group.

Local and regional organisations and groups

Land and resource managers in the region are

supported by many organisations including industry

groups, community groups and interest groups (e.g.

farm production groups, Landcare groups, Friends of

Parks groups, Agricultural Bureaus). The involvement

of these organisations is critical to the effective

ongoing management of the natural resources of the

region. The SE NRM Board has a strong working

relationship with the Limestone Coast Regional

Development Board and is represented on the

Limestone Coast and Coorong Coastal Management

Group.

Industries

The natural resources of the region are invaluable to

the agricultural, fishing, forestry and tourism industries,

to name but a few. Facilitating changes in industry

practices to minimise impacts on natural resources will

support sustainable use for the long term across the

region. Industry organisations are also an important

conduit to practitioners who use the region’s natural

resources.

Local Government

Local governments (councils) have many roles within

the NRM framework of the region. They have a key

role in the delivery and decision-making that will

underpin natural resources management in the region.

With large portions of land under their management,

local government is also an important land manager

in its own right, having responsibility for areas such


��

as road reserves and community land. There is a role

in supporting local communities in NRM and many

councils have promoted initiatives such as wise water

use, safe disposal of chemicals and native vegetation

management. Local government is well positioned

to deliver NRM programs and messages to their

communities, as they have existing structures and a

local presence. Currently five coastal councils in the

region are represented and active in the Limestone

Coast and Coorong Coastal Management Group.

Local government is responsible for good governance

and the care and protection of local communities

within a framework of sustainable development, with a

range of responsibilities for NRM activities and issues.

There is an onus on local government to support the

ecological sustainability of natural resources through

its planning decisions under the Development Act

1993. Local Government also has an important role in

the protection of water resources used for public water

supplies, from inappropriate development and land

management.

The NRM Act recognises the importance of the role

of local government by including the principles for

achieving ecologically sustainable development. The

skills and expertise of Local government are also

acknowledged and linked to NRM through a Ministerial

appointment on the SE NRM Board and NRM Council.

There are a number of provisions outlined in the NRM

Act encouraging collaboration and consultation with

local government when implementing NRM programs.

Non-government organisations

Many organisations and individuals undertake

components of NRM at a local, regional, state

and national level, including environmental non-

government organisations and private consultants.

Depending on their focus and expertise, these groups

may deliver programs, provide specialist conservation

or productivity advice or undertake research programs

in collaboration with local organisations, individuals

or industry groups. Some of the key non-government

organisations active in the region include Conservation

Council of South Australia and South Australian

Farmer’s Federation.

SA Government

The management of natural resources in South

Australia is directly supported by a number of agencies

through the implementation of the State Natural

Resources Management Plan and, to a lesser degree,

through relevant strategies of the South Australia’s

Strategic Plan.

The SE NRM Board has a strong working relationship

with a range of State Government agencies at both

regional and State level, enabling collaboration on

policy and planning issues, research and on-ground

works.

The Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR) has responsibility for providing

advice to the Minister on statewide natural resources

management issues and supports the NRM

Council. DENR is also responsible for developing

and implementing State-wide environmental policy,

biodiversity conservation, heritage conservation,

environmental sustainability and animal welfare.

Management of much of the State’s public land, held

in the conservation reserve system and as Crown

lands is also undertaken by DENR.

The Department for Water is responsible for the

implementation of State-wide water policy including

licensing of water resources.

Other key State Government agencies in NRM in

the region include Primary Industries Resources

South Australia (PIRSA), Forestry SA, Environment

Protection Authority (EPA) and SA Water.

Commonwealth Government

The Commonwealth Government provides policy,

technical and financial support to assist in the effective

management of natural resources across the South

East. Through a range of programs such as Caring for

our Country, National Water Initiative and the former

National Landcare Program and National Action Plan

for Water Quality and Salinity, the South East region

has been able to undertake extensive research and

on-ground works in recent years.


��

NRM neighbours

Natural resources, ecosystems and pest plant and

animal populations do not recognise boundaries such

as those between states or NRM Boards. Effective

management of natural resources and threats requires

understanding, cooperation and coordinated effort

within and beyond the SE NRM region. Examples

include the Border Ground Waters Agreement, the

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for surface

water catchment values, and pest plant and animal

control programs.

The Border Ground Waters Agreement was

established by the Victorian and South Australian

governments in �98�. The committee overseeing

the Agreement measures and monitors the condition

of the underground water and sets sustainable limits

to allocation from licensed wells in a �0-kilometre

wide strip centred on the State border, and extending

from the River Murray south to the sea. The two

States through their agencies and Regional NRM

or water organisations continue to research the

hydrogeology and monitor and keep under review the

underground water to assist NRM Boards, agencies

and governments in policy and its management. This

relationship has enabled the underground water

resources in the area designated by the Agreement to

be prudently managed for water-based industry, water-

dependent ecosystems and for future generations.

A gap was identified in the arrangements between

South Australia and Victoria for the management

of surface water catchment areas. In �009 a MOU

called Connecting the Catchments was developed

and signed by nine South Australian and Victorian

organisations to bridge this gap. The MOU provides

the basis for cooperation between Victoria and South

Australia for the protection and enhancement of

environmental values linked or within shared water

catchment areas in balance with social, cultural and

economic demands.

The SE NRM Board continues to be an active partner

in programs to prevent, control or eradicate pest plants

and pest animals. Board operational staff maintain

practical working relationships with their counterparts

in other regions, in Victoria and in agencies. Included

are threats to agriculture, such as Broom-rape and

Golden Dodder in Lucerne, and environmental weeds

such as Bridal Creeper.

South East Natural Resources Management Board

The SE NRM Board is the peak body for the

management of natural resources across the South

East and makes decisions in relation to NRM that

consider the environmental, social and economic

conditions and attitudes of the South East community.

The functions of the NRM Board are to:

• Prepare and implement a Regional NRM Plan for

the South East

• Promote public awareness and understanding of

integrated and sustainable NRM

• Providing advice with respect to the assessment

of various activities or proposal referred to the SE

NRM Board under the NRM Act or any other Act

• Providing advice on any matter relevant to the

condition of natural resources within the South

East, or on the management of those resources

• Take an active role in the management of the

region’s natural resources.

NRM Groups

The Board has established three local natural

resources management groups to provide strong links

to local communities. Based on local government

boundaries, the three NRM Groups have been

established as a two-way conduit of information from

the Board to the community to discuss local issues

and local solutions.


�8


�9

The Strategic Plan is designed to influence the future

direction of all natural resources managers in the

South East region. These include land managers,

urban residents, community groups and individuals, as

well as key stakeholders such as Local Government,

State Government agencies, statutory boards and

committees and the Commonwealth Government.

The following aspirational goals should influence

our interaction with our neighbours, both the South

Australian Murray Darling Basin NRM Board to the

north and our Victorian counterparts on the east.

Following a process of logic, in order to guarantee

a positive change in the condition of our natural

resources, it is necessary for the day-to-day actions

that we take through management on-farm and project

delivery to contribute to the bigger picture. This

process is known formally as “Program Logic” and is a

tool used to assist in linking the desired or aspirational

goals of the region to shorter term, measurable

outcomes. Figure � shows the relationship between

each of the components of this Strategic Plan.

There are strong links between each element of the

strategic framework described above and that used

as the basis for the State NRM Plan. A comparison of

the terminology between the State NRM Plan and the

Regional NRM Plan is shown in Figure �.

�. Strategic Framework

3.1 Vision

Healthy landscapes for better living

This 50-year vision identifies the intrinsic link between

the local environment, social cohesion and economic

prosperity. The basis for this vision is the strong

connection between the people and the natural

resources of the South East NRM Region. It highlights

the importance of protecting our natural resource

assets and managing them in a manner that ensures

sound economic growth and retention of the quality of

life that is so important to our community and visitors,

now and for future generations. Capable communities

will be vital in achieving this vision.. The vision also

supports an integrated and landscape scale approach

to adequately and successfully manage the water,

land, biodiversity, coast and marine assets of the

region. In this context and throughout the plan, the

term ‘landscapes’ includes seascapes.

The South East regional vision is closely aligned

with that of the State NRM Plan and will contribute

to its achievement, with similar themes of engaging

communities, quality of life and long-term action. The

State NRM Plan vision is:

A number of core themes were developed in

association with the vision and goals, which provide

the basis for the Board’s Business Plan in Part Three:

• Theme � - Healthy and productive natural

systems

• Theme � - Informed and engaged communities

Vision

Goal A

Resource Condition Targets

Management Action Targets

Business Plan Themes

Projects and Actions

Goal B Goal C Goal D

Figure 1: Relationship between the different

components of the Strategic Plan and

link to the Business Plan

South Australia, a capable and

prosperous community, managing

natural resources for a good quality

of life within the capacity of our

environment for the long term.


�0

• Theme � - Resilient industries operating within

best NRM practice

• Theme � - Innovation

• Theme � - Integrated management at a

landscape scale

• Theme � - Strategic direction, leadership

and partnerships

3.2 Guiding Principles The State NRM Plan provides �� guiding principles

(Appendix �) upon which natural resources

management in South Australia is based. These

include recognising the interdependence of natural

resource assets, harnessing the power of people

and balancing social, environmental and economic

outcomes.

Further building on the Guiding Principles outlined

in the State NRM Plan, the SE NRM Board has

developed six broad principles for decision-making.

These principles identify issues of particular regional

relevance and are built on experience from guidance

needed on past decisions. They will ensure that

discussion and decision-making on complex issues is

undertaken in a consistent and transparent manner.

Board Members, NRM Group Members, staff and all

natural resources managers in the region, can look

to these additional principles for direction, as well

as setting community expectations for the range of

aspects to be considered for any issue.

• Managing within our ecological limits

• Consolidation of resources for greater impact

(undertaken on an informed or “best practice”

basis)

• Regional needs are given priority over individual

benefits

• Consideration of the vitality, standard of living

and access to resources for future generations of

humans and other life forms

• Engendering community enthusiasm and support

for NRM issues

• Probability of the project or process positively

contributing toward our goals and targets.

3.3 Goals As a stepping-stone to achieving the �0-year vision,

four overarching goals have been developed to

guide involvement, investment and priorities. The

goals are based on a �0-year timeframe and are

differentiated from the resource condition targets by

their integrated nature. Each of the goals represents

a different aspect of natural resources management

including protection and enhancement, sustainable

development, communities and partnerships. It is very

clear that in order to attain the vision for the region; no

single goal can be considered to be more important

than any other.

Goal A – Healthy landscapes supporting high

value ecological systems

This goal is about the protection and enhancement

of our natural resources. It ensures that we as a

community value the biological diversity of the region

and recognise the high quality of our natural assets.

Targets contributing to this goal include improving the

extent and condition of native vegetation, management

of threatened plant and animal species and reducing

the impact of land based activities on coast and

marine habitats. This goal also encompasses the

need to identify and secure water for environmental

needs and the necessity for a greater understanding

of the hydrogeological processes that underpin the

region’s water resources, including cross-border

Figure 2: Comparison of State NRM Plan and

Regional NRM Plan terminology

State NRM Plan Regional NRM Plan

Vision Vision

Goals Goals



Milestones Management Action Targets

Strategies Projects


��

systems, ground and surface water interactions and

the likely implications of climate change.

This goal also outlines the desire of the region to take

a risk management approach to securing our natural

resources for the future including adaptation to a

changing climate. As defined in the State NRM Plan,

landscapes include terrestrial environments, inland

waters and coastal and marine systems.

Goal B – Regional communities active in natural

resources management

Encompassing a commitment to transparent and

regular communication, valuing the knowledge and

involvement of Aboriginal people and facilitating

a greater understanding of NRM issues, this goal

requires ownership of NRM by the regional community.

It is understood that information is only the first step

and that, ultimately, a community that values its

natural resources and takes action will provide the

greatest likelihood of success in securing a future for

the South East. This will require extensive support

for community groups and individuals to undertake

on-ground works on public and private lands. There

is a major role in educating schoolage children about

local environmental issues and involving them in the

solutions.

This goal underpins the success or failure of achieving

each of the other three goals; without harnessing the

power of our people, informing them and encouraging

changes in attitudes and behavior, we cannot make

a difference for our future. As with each of the four

goals, adaptation in a changing climate will be an

underlying theme.

Goal C – Resilient industries taking responsibility

for sustainable use and management of natural

resources

This goal is about the sustainable use of natural

resources. It recognises that our vibrant economy

is largely dependent on the security of our

underground water supplies, the quality of our soils,

the management of pest plants and animals, and the

vitality of our fisheries. While there has traditionally

been a focus on farming, fishing and forests, there

are many opportunities for innovation and expansion.

In particular, the region is a hive of activity for green

technologies such as wind, solar, geothermal and

wave power. This is combined with the increasing

need to secure a future “food bowl” for the State, with

rapid expansion of intensive land use for horticulture

expected in coming years and the potential for growth

of aquaculture.

This goal supports improving practices and planning

for industry to reduce the stress on natural resources

and may include initiatives such as defining a total

water budget for the region, understanding the impacts

of significant changes in land use, encouraging

irrigation efficiency and managing land to maintain or

improve soil condition. Adaptation to climate change is

built into many aspects of this goal.

Goal D – Leadership, adaptability and partnerships

for effective natural resources management

A fundamental aspect of maximising the effort of all

parties seeking to implement sound natural resources

management practices is the development and

maintenance of partnerships. This goal provides

the basis for collaboration with Aboriginal people,

community groups, cross-border organisations,

industry bodies and Local, State and Australian

Governments, to name but a few. It is also about

adaptive management in a continually changing

operating environment. It requires political

astuteness, adequate resourcing for all aspects of

NRM and the drive for leadership. Initiatives may

include responding to new pest incursions, adaptive

management of water resources, influencing planning

and development approvals through strategic referrals

and cooperative arrangements for management of

public and private lands.

This goal presents an opportunity to develop and

build a cooperative, integrated approach to natural

resources management in the region. It also provides

a platform to collect, preserve and complement the

anecdotal information and understanding that has

been established across the region over many years.

This includes traditional learnings of Aboriginal people

as well as that of industries and post-European

settlement communities.


��

3.4 Long-term and Short-term Targets The targets in this plan have been developed collaboratively with regional experts, based on the best available

science and, in the absence of technical advice, anecdotal evidence. There are two distinct levels of target, to

ensure that the region can monitor and evaluate its progress towards achieving the vision and goals outlined in this

plan. Resource Condition Targets (RCTs) outline the desired state and condition of each natural resource asset

(including people) over a �0-year timeframe. In order to achieve these targets, it is necessary to have a number

of shorter milestones by which to measure performance. The Management Action Targets (MATs) outline the

desired result of a collection of projects and activities over a five to seven year timeframe, while the monitoring of

individuals projects shows progress over one to three year periods.

The following preamble was developed to explain the concept and reasons for taking a hierarchical approach to

target setting:

As experts working in the field, we have a good idea what condition our natural resources are

in now. Also, we have a similar idea of the condition, in 20 year’s time, that we want these

resources to be in. These future ‘conditions’ are the goals for our resource condition targets

(RCTs).

The challenge lies in developing intermediate management action targets (MATs) to track our

progress towards longer-term goals, and identifying the changes that need to occur along

the way that will help preserve the natural resources in the condition that we want them in 20

year’s time.

If we can then identify how to make these changes happen (through project activity), and

create the right environment to enable enough of these changes to happen and at a large

enough scale, then provided that our understanding of how these changes are linked to

resource condition in the long-term are sound, we can be confident that we will make positive

progress towards the long-term goals.


��

3.5 Resource Condition Targets Each Resource Condition Target (RCT) outlines the

desired state of one of the five assets described

in the Regional Description section of this plan.

Due to the integrated nature of natural resources

management, there is overlap between some assets,

such as biodiversity and coastal habitats. The RCTs

have been developed in accordance with State and

Australian Government target setting guidelines

to ensure consistency with higher-level strategies.

There are nine resource condition targets including

one socio-economic target relating to people as

an NRM asset. A large number of management

action targets contribute in varying degrees to each

resource condition target, with all MATs contributing

to at least one RCT. In order to give some context

to the level of influence a MAT may have on a RCT,

the shorter-term outcomes have been divided into

Primary Management Action Targets and Secondary

Management Action Targets. Further information

about the Primary MATs and the intent of each

resource condition target is detailed below, including

the links between MATs and RCTs. Benchmarks for all

targets are compared with �0�0.

3.5.1 Biodiversity

RCT B.1 By 2030, the condition and extent

of terrestrial habitats in the South

East will be improved

This aspirational target intends to improve both the

current condition and extent of the region’s terrestrial

habitats into the future. Condition is considered in

relation to the structural and functional integrity of

each habitat and its ability to support various life

forms. Condition is impacted upon by many individual

factors including, but not limited to, human activity,

presence and impacts of pest plants and animals,

climate variability and other environmental factors

(e.g. fire), as well as development and changes in

land use both within and adjacent to habitats. It is

acknowledged that the extent of terrestrial habitats has

declined since human settlement and that immense

effort will be required to counter the loss of habitat

from native vegetation clearance and subsequent land

development, before increasing the overall extent of

terrestrial habitats across the region.

Terrestrial habitats include the coastal landscapes

and habitats described in the Coast and Marine,

Biodiversity and Land sections of the Regional

Description section of this plan. During the

implementation of this Plan, efforts to develop sound

and defendable benchmarks for each representative

terrestrial habitat will be strongly supported. This

target also seeks to improve ecological connectivity

across the region.

A number of management action targets across the

four strategic goals contribute to this longerterm target,

with primary and secondary targets listed below.

RCT B.2 By 2030, the condition and extent

of wetland habitats in the South

East will be improved

As with the terrestrial habitat target, RCT_B.�, this

target sets the desire to improve both the current

condition and extent of the region’s wetlands and

improve ecological connectivity across the region.

Condition in this context is considered to be the

structural and functional integrity of each wetland

habitat. As outlined in the Regional Description

section of this plan, large portions of the South East

were historically inundated. There are currently less

than �% of the region’s original wetlands remaining

and less than �0% of these are in good condition.

For the purposes of this target and as outlined in

the Regional Description, wetlands include water-

dependent ecosystems, coastal lakes and estuaries.

There are many individual factors which may affect

the current and future condition of these wetland

habitats, including, but not limited to, changes in

hydrology, human activity, presence and impacts of

pest plants and animals, climate variability and other

environmental factors (e.g. fire). As with most natural

resources, widespread development and changes in

land use both within and adjacent to wetland habitats

has the potential to cause significant damage.


four strategic goals contribute to this longer-term

target, with primary and secondary targets listed

below.


��

RCT B.3 By 2030, the conservation status of

threatened species and ecological

communities occurring in the South

East will be maintained or improved

Intended to support and improve the success of

threatened native species, this target also seeks

to ensure that ecological communities survive and

prosper in the region. The target relates to terrestrial,

aquatic, coastal and marine species and ecological

communities with the primary focus on species and

communities of regional significance. The date that

each conservation status rating was established is the

reference point. This target is intrinsically linked to the

Lose no Species target (T�.�) in the South Australian

Strategic Plan (SASP), which focuses on preventing

the decline of existing species. The SASP target

also seeks to improve, where possible, the regional

status of known native species, or the ecological

communities from which they originate. The proactive

aspect to this target also requires that no new species

or ecological communities become threatened.




below.

3.5.2 Coast and Marine

RCT C.1 By 2030, the condition of marine

habitats in the South East will be

maintained or improved

The target intends to provide long-term support to

marine habitats initially by establishing baseline

information for regional reference, thereby enabling

meaningful works to be undertaken in the future.

There are many foundational activities required to

support the achievement of this target, including

definition of distinct marine habitats and establishment

of their current condition. This work has commenced in

association with the development and implementation

of Marine Parks throughout the State and will

inform management action targets in future years.

An intrinsic aspect of improving the condition of

marine habitats will rely on greater understanding

and minimisation of land-based impacts on coastal

landscapes, estuaries and marine life.




below.

3.5.3 Land

RCT L.1 By 2030, the condition of land in

the South East will be improved

The interconnectedness of natural resources is rarely

more evident than in the case of soils. The sustainable

management of soils and land is of fundamental

importance not only to future primary production in

the region, but also to ecological communities and the

marine environment. This target intends to support

improvements in soil and landscape condition for

future sustainable primary production from well-

managed and improving natural resources. Leading

edge land management practices will also reduce the

risk of land-based impacts on the coast, estuarine

and marine environment as well as improving the

quality of ground water and surface water and reduced

impacts on native vegetation. A range of practices

will contribute to achieving this target including

the adoption of no-till cultivation methods, stubble

retention, sound grazing management of pasture,

amelioration of soil acidity, sodicity, water repellence

and waterlogging as well as precision agriculture

to reduce soil compaction. Other management

techniques known to improve soil condition include

deep ripping, delving and clay spreading to improve

soil structure, deep placement of nutrients to enhance

sub-soil fertility and the use of perennial vegetation

including commercial and farm forestry. A significant

factor in improving the overall condition of land (as

opposed to soil) will be the effective control of pest

plants and animals. This target facilitates input

towards informed and appropriate land use change

and regional development across all landscapes.

Successful progress towards this target will also

contribute to B.�, since improvement in the condition

of soil and landscapes will enable the region’s land

managers to increase their beneficial contribution

to a range of habitats. There is also a significant


��

correlation between this target and P.�, where

informed individuals and communities make sound

management decisions based on their understanding

of natural resources.

RCT L.2 By 2030, the adverse impacts of dryland salinity in the South East are reduced

This target will address the impacts of dryland salinity in affected areas in the Upper South East, and to alleviate the threat of increasing the area affected by dryland salinity. A range of indicators may be used to assess “Impact”, and include the extent of dryland salinity (area affected) in the region, physical and economic productivity from land affected by dryland salinity, changes in input costs associated with managing affected areas, changes in groundwater levels, and trends in quantity and quality of drainage outflows from the Upper South East Dryland Salinity and Flood Management Program (USE Program) drainage network.

Although the current extent of land affected by dryland salinity is not clearly defined, the National Land and Water Resources Audit (NLWRA) identified the extent of the affected area in the region at ��0,000 ha in 2000, and significant investment has flowed into the region in recent years to address the issue.

At the time of the preparation of this Plan the final drain in the USE Program is being constructed on the Bald Hill and Wimpinmerit Flats. This will complete the ��0 km of drains that have been constructed under the scheme. The USE Program is an integrated scheme with the dual purpose of drains diverting fresh surface water from flooded farm land through the wetland system while channelling saline water directly to the Coorong or the sea via the Blackford Drain. A recent survey of soils in the zone of influence of the groundwater drains has shown a marked reduction in summer soil salinities when compared with pre drainage conditions (Stewart & Craig �009, Soils after the Drains, PIRSA Fact Sheet �/09). The State is also committed to restoring natural flows from the Lower South East to the Coorong through the Reflows Project.

Over the recent decade, rainfall across the region has been below the long-term annual average. As a consequence, a stabilizing trend in unconfined aquifer levels on the flats of the salinity area has been noted, and this has undoubtedly contributed to reduce the NLWRA estimate of the extent of land affected by future risk of dryland salinity.

Successful progress towards this target will also contribute to B.� and L.�, since reductions in the extent of land affected by dryland salinity will enable the region’s land managers to capitalise upon improved land condition and its beneficial contribution to a range of habitats.

A number of management action targets across the four strategic goals contribute to this longer-term target, with primary and secondary targets listed below.

3.5.4 People

RCT P.1 By 2030, the involvement of all

members of the community in

positive NRM activities will be

increased

A recurring theme throughout this Plan is the need

to actively involve individuals and communities in

natural resources management outcomes. This

target is designed to achieve a range of social and

community-based outcomes which, ultimately, will

lead to the protection and sustainable use of our finite

natural assets for future generations. The target

includes an improvement in the level of community

awareness of and education in NRM, but is not limited

to this. In addition to awareness, an engaged and

involved community and increased capacity of NRM

institutions to manage community and land manager

interactions is required. All of these initiatives must be

supported by well-developed and implemented NRM

policies and practices in the short, medium and long

term. Activities may include joint ventures with non-

government organisations, incentives for landholders

to become more involved or programs to seek

involvement of urban people in NRM.

Above all, this target outlines the need for all members

of the community to identify the actions that they can

take to have a positive impact on the natural resources

of the region.

A number of gauges will be required to assess

progress towards the target including intermediate

measures such as the management action targets

shown in Table 8 in addition to more broad social

measurement tools.


��

3.5.5 Water

RCT W.1 By 2030, the ability of ground

water systems in the South East to

support beneficial uses and ground

water-dependent ecosystems will

be maintained or improved

Recognising the dual importance of the quantity and

quality of ground water, this target intends to at least

preserve and ideally, improve both the quality and

quantity of ground water available for use in the region.

It also seeks to protect the hydrologic requirements

of ground water-dependent ecosystems and balance

these with domestic, industrial, agricultural and

recreational water needs. The ability of groundwater

to “support beneficial uses” is measured in terms of

quantity of supply, quality of supply, and accessibility

of groundwater for current uses at a sustainable

level. The target adopts a pragmatic ‘fit for purpose’

approach to groundwater management and

acknowledges that setting and achieving benchmarks

for water quantity and quality (of both the unconfined

and confined aquifers) is subject to great variance

across the region. The target also anticipates and

acknowledges that groundwater quantity and quality

fluctuates in both the short (seasonal) and long term

(annual and greater).

The inclusion of ground water ecosystems in the RCT

enables a benchmark to be established, by default,

to support the maintenance of a desirable minimum

‘level’ (or seasonal groundwater levels) for the

unconfined aquifer in particular, where contributions

of groundwater to these ecosystems is current, well-

defined and desirable.

This target is consistent with the National Water

Initiative objectives to ensure clear and nationally-

compatible characteristics for secure water access

entitlements, transparent, statutory-based water

planning, statutory provision for environmental

and other public benefit outcomes, and improved

environmental management practices and the return

of all currently over-allocated or overused systems to

environmentally-sustainable levels of extraction.

RCT W.2 By 2030, the ability of surface

water systems in the South East to

support beneficial uses and surface

water dependent ecosystems will

be improved

This target primarily signals the intent to preserve the

quality of surface water flows in the region. Whilst it

is desirable to attempt to improve the quantity of flow,

the role that rainfall and surface water runoff plays as

the major determinant of quantity largely restricts our

influence to limited management interventions across

the region, such as developing and implementing

policies related to land use. The ability to “support

beneficial uses” is measured in terms of quantity of

supply, quality of supply, and accessibility of surface

water for current uses at a sustainable level. Similar

to RCT_W.�, relating to groundwater, this target

adopts a pragmatic ‘fit for purpose’ approach to

surface water management. The target anticipates

and acknowledges that surface water quantities and

flows fluctuate in both the short (seasonal) and long

term (annual and greater), and again, is reticent of the

fact that setting and achieving benchmarks for water

quantity, quality and flow is subject to great variance

across the region.

As with the groundwater target, the inclusion of

surface water ecosystems in the RCT enables a

benchmark to be established by default, to support the

maintenance of desirable contributions, both quantity

and quality, of surface water to these ecosystems

where current, well-defined and desirable.


��

Primary Management Action Targets

A.� Improving native vegetation C.� Reducing key invasive species

A.� Managing priority habitats C.� Understanding land use change

A.9 Managing threatened species C.8 Managing pests

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites D.� Responding to new pests

A.�� Adapting to climate change D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding

B.� Involving primary producers D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land

B.� Increasing community awareness D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements

B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues D.�� Planning for climate change

Secondary Management Action Targets

A.�� Reviewing species of concern C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Engaging schools D.� Aligning strategic plans

C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes D.�� Involving Aboriginal people

C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems D.�� Planning for climate change

Table 2: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT B.1

Table 1: Resource Condition Targets for the South East.

Natural Resource Asset

Target # Resource Condition Target

Biodiversity B.�By �0�0, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved.

B.�By �0�0, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved.

B.�By �0�0, the conservation status of threatened species and ecological communities occurring in the South East will be maintained or improved.

Coast and Marine C.� By �0�0, the condition of marine habitats will be maintained or improved.

Land L.� By �0�0, the condition of land in the South East will be improved.

L.� By �0�0, the adverse impacts of dryland salinity in the South East are reduced.

People P.�By �0�0, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

Water W.�By �0�0, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and ground water-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved.

W.�By �0�0, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water-dependent ecosystems will be improved.


�8


A.� Improving native vegetation B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands C.� Managing water within sustainable limits

A.� Managing priority habitats C.� Reducing key invasive species

A.� Improving water quality C.� Understanding land use change

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.� Reusing waste water

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs C.8 Managing pests

A.9 Managing threatened species C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity D.� Responding to new pests

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding

A.�� Adapting to climate change D.5 Developing a flow management strategy

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land

B.� Involving primary producers D.8 Nominating significant sites

B.� Increasing community awareness D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements


A.� Understanding water resources C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

A.� Understanding coast and marine habitats C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges D.� Adapting water management

A.�� Reviewing species of concern D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Aligning strategic plans

B.� Engaging schools D.�� Involving Aboriginal people

C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes D.�� Planning for climate change



�9


A.� Understanding coast and marine habitats B.� Increasing community awareness

A.� Improving water quality B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.� Understanding land use change

A.9 Managing threatened species D.� Responding to new pests

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding

A.�� Adapting to climate change D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate D.�9 Establishing marine parks


A.� Understanding water resources C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�� Reviewing species of concern D.� Adapting water management

B.� Involving primary producers D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.5 Developing a flow management strategy


C.� Reducing key invasive species D.�� Involving Aboriginal people

C.8 Managing pests D.�� Planning for climate change

Table 5: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT C.1


A.� Improving native vegetation A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate

A.� Understanding coast and marine habitats B.� Increasing community awareness

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues

A.� Managing priority habitats C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.9 Managing threatened species C.� Managing water within sustainable limits

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land

A.�� Reviewing species of concern D.8 Nominating significant sites

A.�� Adapting to climate change D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements


A.� Understanding water resources C.� Reducing key invasive species

A.� Improving water quality C.8 Managing pests

A.� Retaining water in the landscape D.� Responding to new pests

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges D.� Aligning strategic plans

B.� Involving primary producers D.�� Involving Aboriginal people

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.�� Planning for climate change

B.� Engaging schools



�0


A.� Understanding water resources B.� Increasing community awareness

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

A.�� Adapting to climate change C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate D.� Adapting water management

B.� Involving primary producers D.5 Developing a flow management strategy


A.� Improving water quality D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding


C.� Understanding land use change D.�� Planning for climate change

C.9 Improving soil condition

Table 7: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT L.2


A.�� Adapting to climate change C.�0 Improving water use through soils

B.� Involving primary producers C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

B.� Increasing community awareness C.�� Understanding soil disease

C.� Reducing key invasive species C.�� Understanding effects of agriculture

C.� Understanding land use change C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

C.7 Ameliorating acidification C.�� Protecting land from erosion

C.8 Managing pests D.� Responding to new pests

C.9 Improving soil condition D.�� Planning for climate change


A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding


B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues D.�� Involving Aboriginal people

Table 6: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT L.1


��


A.� Understanding water resources C.� Managing water within sustainable limits


A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.� Adopting sustainable irrigation

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs C.� Reusing waste water

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites C.�0 Improving water use through soils

A.�� Adapting to climate change C.11 Increasing efficiency of industrial water



B.� Increasing community awareness D.�� Planning for climate change

B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues



A.�� Identifying drainage refuges D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding



C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

Table 9: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT W.1


A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues


B.� Involving primary producers D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land

B.� Engaging schools D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements

B.� Increasing community awareness D.�� Involving Aboriginal people

B.� Planning to work together D.�� Planning for climate change


A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate C.11 Increasing efficiency of industrial water

C.� Understanding land use change C.�� Developing recycling industries

Table 8: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT P.1


��


A.� Understanding water resources C.� Managing water within sustainable limits


A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.� Adopting sustainable irrigation

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs C.� Reusing waste water

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites C.�0 Improving water use through soils

A.�� Adapting to climate change C.11 Increasing efficiency of industrial water



B.� Increasing community awareness D.�� Planning for climate change




A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding


B.� Engaging schools D.8 Nominating significant sites



Table 10: Management Action Targets contributing to RCT W.2


��

3.6 Management Action Targets

Based on the State and National standards for target

setting, Management Action Targets (MATs) are

defined as the five to seven year outcomes from a

range of activities that contribute to a longer-term

change in the condition of a natural resource. Unlike

previous MATs in the South East, which described

individual projects or activities, these targets are

designed to reflect the collaborative effects of a range

of financial and human resource investments.

Each of the MATs may, and often do, contribute to

more than one resource condition target, however,

each MAT is allocated to only one of the four strategic

goals. The purpose of assigning MATs to a single

goal is to ensure that production-based targets (e.g.

Irrigation efficiency) are not compared or prioritised

over those relating to the protection of environmental

assets, such as water-dependent ecosystems, due

solely to the economic impacts of both targets.

The MATs contribute to the milestones outlined in the

State NRM Plan and build on historical work in the

region rather than commencing from a clean slate.

It is expected that all future investment in natural

resources management will contribute to achieving

one or more of these management action targets, to

ensure progress towards the �0-year improvements in

the condition of our natural resource assets.

The following brief description for each MAT is

designed to give context and provide clarity on the

intent of the target. The description also outlines how

the target corresponds with the strategic framework

and the possibilities for future investment.

Table �� shows the interaction and relationship

between the �0-year vision, the strategic goals, the

20-year Resource Condition Targets, the five year

Management Action Targets and the Themes for

investment in Part �: Business Plan. Appendix �

aligns the targets to each of the natural resource

assets outlined in Part One: Regional Description.


��

Table 11: Relationship between Management Action Targets (MATs), Goals, Resource Condition Targets

(RCTs) and Business Plan Themes

Our Vision: Healthy Landscapes for Better Living Our Vision: Healthy Landscapes for Better Living

Goals Goals

Goal A Healthy landscapes supporting high value ecological systems Goal B Regional communities active in NRM

Goal C Resilient industries taking responsibility for sustainable use and management of natural

resources

Goal D Leadership, adaptability and partnerships for effective NRM

Resource Condition Targets Resource Condition Targets

RCT B.� By �0�0, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved.

RCT B.� By �0�0, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved.

RCT B.� By �0�0, the conservation status of threatened species and ecological communities occurring in the South East will be maintained or improved.

RCT C.� By �0�0, the condition of marine habitats will be maintained or improved.

RCT L.� By �0�0, the condition of land in the South East will be improved.

RCT L.� By �0�0, the adverse impacts of dryland salinity in the South East are reduced.

RCT P.� By �0�0, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

RCT W.� By �0�0, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and ground water-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved.

RCT W.� By �0�0, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water dependent ecosystems will be improved.

Management Action Targets Management Action Targets

A.� Improving native vegetation B.� Involving primary producers C.� Managing water within sustainable limits D.� Responding to new pests

A.� Understanding water resources B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers C.� Reducing key invasive species D.� Adapting water management

A.� Understanding coast and marine habitats B.� Engaging schools C.� Understanding land use change D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands B.� Increasing community awareness C.� Adopting sustainable irrigation D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge & funding

A.� Managing priority habitats B.� Planning to work together C.� Reusing waste water D.5 Developing a flow management strategy

A.� Improving water quality B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.7 Ameliorating acidification D.� Aligning strategic plans

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs C.8 Managing pests D.8 Nominating significant sites

A.9 Managing threatened species C.9 Improving soil condition D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity C.�0 Improving water use through soils D.�0 Establishing marine parks

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal Sites C.11 Increasing efficiency of industrial water D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems D.�� Planning for climate change

A.�� Reviewing species of concern C.�� Developing recycling industries

A.�� Adapting to climate change C.�� Understanding soil disease

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate C.�� Understanding effects of agriculture

C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

C.�� Protecting land from erosion

Business Plan Themes Business Plan Themes

Theme � Healthy and productive natural systems

Theme � Informed and engaged communities

Theme � Resilient industries operating within best NRM

practice

Theme � Innovation Theme � Integrated management at a landscape scale

Theme � Strategic direction, leadership and partnerships


��

3.6.1 Goal A MATs

Healthy landscapes supporting high value

ecological systems

A.1 Improving native vegetation

By �0��, the condition and extent of

vegetation in at least �0 priority remnant areas

is improved by active management.

Active management of remnant vegetation

may include pest plant and pest animal

control, fencing and exclusion of stock,

revegetation or reinstatement of species or

monitoring. This target contributes directly

to RCT B1 – the condition and extent of

terrestrial habitats will be improved. The

50 remnant areas will be based on existing

information available in the region including

the Biodiversity Plan for the South East.

A.2 Understanding water resources

Understanding of the hydrogeological

processes underpinning the region’s water

resources, including cross-boundary

interactions and the implications of climate

change, is improved by �0��.

This target focuses on the need for greater

understanding of the interaction between

ground water and surface water, as well as

impacts of land use change in Victorian or

SA Murray Darling Basin catchments that

may impact on the region’s water resources.

Activity to achieve this target will be

predominantly research based.

A.3 Understanding coast and marine habitats

Gaps in the understanding of the region’s

coast and marine habitats are identified and

priority actions developed for implementation,

by �0��.

There is currently very little information

available on the marine habitats of the region

and in order to achieve RCT C.1 - By 2030,

the condition of marine habitats will be

maintained or improved, one of the first steps

is an improved understanding. For coastal

habitats, one of the most significant gaps

relates to the impacts of land-based activities

such as fertiliser and herbicide application

on the sensitive coastal environment. It is

anticipated that current investment in the

development of a detailed Coastal Action Plan

due for completion in late 2010 will provide the

basis for future work in this field by identifying

actions, timeframes and investment priorities.

A.4 Managing Ramsar wetlands

The Bool and Hacks Lagoon and Coorong

Ramsar sites are managed to ensure no

adverse change in Ecological Character,

in accordance with Australian Ramsar

Management Principles and EPBC Act (�999),

by �0��.

As outlined in Part One: Regional Description,

there are two wetland complexes of

International significance in the South East

Region. This target focuses on protecting

the values and ecological character of

these wetland complexes and supports

the Australian commitment to the Ramsar

Convention. The target contributes directly

to RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and

extent of wetland habitats in the South East

will be improved and RCT B.3 - By 2030, the

conservation status of threatened species and

ecological communities occurring in the South

East will be maintained or improved.

A.5 Managing priority habitats

Six (�) priority terrestrial and wetland habitats

are identified and managed to improve

condition and species viability, with reference

to habitat benchmarks, by �0��.

Regional NRM Stakeholders have recognised

that it is not possible, nor worthwhile, to spread

effort thinly across all habitats and landscape

features. This target supports prioritisation

and selection of key terrestrial and wetland

habitat types as described in Part One:

Regional Description. Following prioritisation,

there is likely to be some overlap between

MAT A.4 Managing Ramsar Wetlands. This

target contributes directly to the achievement


��

of RCT B.1 - By 2030, the condition and extent

of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be

improved and B.2 - By 2030, the condition and

extent of wetland habitats in the South East

will be improved. By the nature of this activity,

achievement of this target will also improve

the condition of land (RCT L.1), involve

people (RCT P.1) and improve the viability of

threatened species (RCT B.3).

A.6 Improving water quality

Risk-based strategies are developed and

implemented to maintain (or improve) the

quality of groundwater and surface water

(e.g. stormwater, drains and effluent) entering

wetland, coastal and marine habitats, by �0��.

Over the next five years, this target seeks to at

least maintain, but ideally improve the quality

of water entering sensitive environments such

as wetlands, coastal, estuarine and marine

habitats. The target is focused on a risk-

based approach to improving water quality,

for both ground water and surface water.

Achievements will make significant progress

towards RCT W.1 By 2030, the ability of

groundwater systems in the South East to

support beneficial uses and groundwater-

dependent ecosystems will be maintained or

improved and RCT - W.2 By 2030, the ability

of surface water systems in the South East

to support beneficial uses and surface water

dependent ecosystems will be improved. In

addition, the health of wetland, coastal and

marine environments will also be improved

(RCT B.1 and B.2).

A.7 Retaining water in the landscape

By �0��, the opportunities for and quantity of

‘fit for purpose’ water retained in the landscape

are increased in areas identified to be

appropriate.

‘Fit for purpose’ best describes the different

water quality needed for a variety of activities

across the region. For example, high quality

water, with low salinity and nutrient levels

is vital for recharge of the underground

aquifers and supporting high quality aquatic

ecosystems including via drainage bores and

runaway holes where consistent with Part

Four: NRM Policy of this plan. Whereas, highly

saline water may be appropriate in severe

drought conditions to be mixed with semi-

saline for environmental benefit. The retention

of water in the landscape is fundamental to

improving the health and extent of wetlands,

as well as meeting the environmental water

needs of the region. The Integrated Adaptive

Management Framework developed as part

of the Upper South East Dryland Salinity

and Flood Management Program will inform

action towards this target. The target makes a

primary contribution to RCT B.2 - By 2030, the

condition and extent of wetland habitats in the

South East will be improved and as a result of

less water being directed out to see, there may

be a significant progress towards RCT C.1

- By 2030, the condition of marine habitats will

be maintained or improved. This Management

Action Target will also provide progress to

several other Resource Condition Targets

including (W.1, W.2, B.3).

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs

The environmental water needs of priority

water-dependant ecosystems are understood

and formally acknowledged in Water Allocation

Plans, by �0��.

This target is focused on formal

documentation to recognise the water needs

of both groundwater and surface water

dependent ecosystems. Several projects

have been undertaken in the region to identify

and prioritise wetlands of significance and

a monitoring network for 13 high priority

groundwater-dependent ecosystems was

installed in 2008. This target shows the

commitment of the SE NRM Board and other

stakeholders in taking the next steps to secure

the future of these wetlands. The achievement

of RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent

of wetland habitats in the South East will be

improved may be dependent on the success of

this shorter- term target.


�8

A.9 Managing threatened species

Five (5) threatened species of flora and five

(�) threatened species of fauna are managed

according to species action plans, to increase

their abundance and/or extent, by �0��.

As a regional contribution to the SA Strategic

Plan target for ‘No species loss’, this target

is designed to prevent further decline in

existing threatened species and improve

habitats and ultimately species populations.

The five priority species for flora and fauna

management will be defined as one of the

first steps towards achieving this target and

will be based on a combination of scientific

factors and regional knowledge. This target

contributes directly to RCT B.3 - By 2030, the

conservation status of threatened species

and ecological communities occurring in the

South East will be maintained or improved.

The active management of a range of habitats

will also contribute to the achievement of

RCTs B.1 and B.2 improving the condition

and extent of terrestrial and wetland habitats.

The achievement of this management action

target will also increase community awareness

and participation, contributing to RCT P.1 - By

2030, the involvement of all members of the

community in positive NRM activities will be

increased.

A.10 Improving habitat connectivity

Landscape permeability (ability of species to

move through the landscape) is improved in

four (�) priority habitat areas, including at least

one regionally-connected wetland system, by

�0��.

The ability of fauna and flora species to move

through the landscape is critical to survival

and the capacity to adapt to changing and

emerging threats. Geophytes such as orchids

also require room to move as populations

flux. The achievement of this target will result

in large areas of remnant vegetation that is

physically or conceptually connected. The

need for physical connectivity (that is, visible

links between remnants) or the allowable

distance is dependant entirely on the species

to be targeted by the activity. For instance,

larger birds can fly further without resting,

whereas smaller birds, small mammals and

reptiles require shorter distances for shelter,

rest and feeding. This target contributes to the

SA Government Naturelinks concept as well

as RCTs B.1 (improving condition and extent

of terrestrial habitats), B.2 (improved condition

and extent of wetland habitats) and B.3

(maintaining or improving threatened species).

A.11 Protecting Aboriginal Sites

Sites of cultural significance to Aboriginal

communities are identified, managed, and

protected where required (ongoing).

The attachment of Aboriginal people to

Country has been well documented and this

target is designed to address the natural

resources management aspects of preserving

Aboriginal culture. While the target is

specific to protecting Aboriginal sites, there

are also strong links to conserving objects,

remains, language and oral histories of

cultural significance that are closely related

to the plants, animals and landscapes of the

region. A fundamental aspect of this target is

a commitment to genuine engagement with

Aboriginal people. It is recognised that early

contact, sufficient funding and resources

to undertake ongoing consultation and an

awareness of appropriate engagement

protocols are vital to success. In addition

to the improved condition and extent of

terrestrial and wetland habitats as a result of

these works, this target will also contribute to

the achievement of RCT P.1 - By 2030, the

involvement of all members of the community

in positive NRM activities will be increased.

A.12 Identifying drainage refuges

Environmental refuges in drains are identified,

and appropriate management options

are developed and implemented to aid

biodiversity, by �0��.

Throughout the Lower South East, there

are examples where nationally endangered


�9

species such as native fish (Yarra Pygmy

Perch), mollusca and the Southern Bell Frog

have found refuge in constructed drains.

Water conservation controls (including

manipulation of regulators) have resulted in

opportunistic benefits for threatened aquatic

species to seek drought refuge, adapt to

reduction in habitat and improve survival in a

changing climate. This target supports more

proactive investigation of further opportunities

including engineering solutions, maintenance

options including management of weeds

and silt removal, fencing and netting to

reduce predation. This target links to MAT

A.7 Retaining water in the landscape and

will contribute to RCT B.3 - By 2030, the

conservation status of threatened species


South East will be maintained or improved

and RCT W.2 - By 2030, the ability of surface

water systems in the South East to support

beneficial uses and surface water dependent

ecosystems will be improved.

A.13 Reviewing species of concern

The status of species of concern that are not

currently listed under relevant Commonwealth

legislation are reviewed, and species are

nominated and prioritised for action alongside

current focal species, by �0��.

While MAT A.9 relates to the management

of threatened species, this target is focused

on monitoring terrestrial, aquatic, coastal

and marine species with a view to identifying

those at risk. In particular, this target involves

reviewing species and ecological communities

listed in State legislation (NPW Act) and where

necessary, recommending priority species for

nomination under Commonwealth legislation.

This MAT contributes to RCT B.3 - By 2030,

the conservation status of threatened species


South East will be maintained or improved and

will identify priority habitats and species for

active management to prevent vulnerability.

A.14 Adapting to climate change

Natural resource targets and activities are

reviewed and adapted in response to research

findings on climate change and variability

(ongoing).

The long-term and short-term impacts of

climate change in the SE NRM Region are yet

to be determined, however the need to plan

for and adapt to changing weather patterns

and seasonal variability is undisputed. This

target is based on the precautionary principle

and describes the intent of regional NRM

stakeholders to be proactive in managing the

implications of climate change. This MAT

does not contribute to any single Resource

Condition Target, rather it is an important

foundation for achieving all of the RCTs.

A.15 Building resilience in a changing climate

Increase understanding of the impacts of

climate change and improve resilience

of terrestrial, aquatic, coastal and marine

environments in a changing climate, by �0��.

In addition to the planning and adaptation

aspects of managing climate change

described in MAT A.14, this target builds on

the need for greater understanding of the

impacts of a changing climate, particularly

on biodiversity. The operating environment

for protecting and managing biodiversity

is influenced by many factors, not just the

biophysical. Changing investment priorities,

economic pressures, agricultural and industrial

expansion are only some of the external

factors in addition to climate change that will

need to be mitigated. By building resilience

of terrestrial, aquatic, coastal and marine

environments, opportunities for survival and

adaptation will be greatly increased. Similarly

to MAT A.14, this target does not contribute

only to one resource condition target, it will be

the basis for achieving all of them.


�0

3.6.2 Goal B MATs

Regional communities active in NRM

B.1 Involving primary producers Active involvement of primary producers in on-ground NRM is increased by at least �0%, by �0��.

The majority of land in the SE NRM Region is owned and managed privately; therefore, the greatest impact on our natural resources can be achieved through empowering primary producers. Positive on-ground action such as protecting remnant vegetation, adopting low impact practices, undertaking whole farm planning and matching farm activity to land capability are some of the methods to improve natural resources. Fishing, farming and forestry are widely recognised as major industries across the region, and are major employers with supporting and service industries also making a significant contribution to the region’s economy. This target is one of the major contributors to the longer-term RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased, however it will also result in significant progress towards sustainable management of groundwater, surface water, terrestrial and wetland habitats. Active involvement of primary producers will also have a positive effect of the condition of soils across the region, thereby contributing to all resource condition targets. Increased participation will be measured using a variety of formal and informal methods such as telephone surveys, grant applications, interaction with community groups and participation in formal programs.

B.2 Supporting community groups and volunteers Support for community groups and volunteers, and participation by volunteers in NRM in the region is increased by �0%, by �0��.

In addition to involving primary producers in MAT B.1, an integral aspect of increasing on-ground action for better natural resources

management is supporting community groups and volunteers. Information alone will not make wide-spread change, however by supporting individuals and like-minded people, it is possible to create “champions” and change attitudes across the region. This target will support the underlying concept that people are a natural resource asset and with a focus on empowering people, it is possible to make a significant difference. Activities contributing to this target will include human and financial support for community groups, assistance in developing and funding community projects, providing advice and systems for volunteers and supporting engagement activities across the region. This target is a major contributor to RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased, however it will also make a significant difference to the way in which natural resources are managed throughout the South East.

B.3 Engaging schools All schools in the region are participating in local environmental education, by �0��.

Currently 75% of primary and high schools in the SE NRM Region are engaged in some form of local environmental education. The level of engagement varies depending on the support of the school community, interest of parents, teachers and students, opportunities for local and relevant activities, as well as funding and technical support. Current activities include teacher training, development of educational resources, Waterwatch monitoring, revegetation sites, breeding of endangered native fish, Weed Warriors program, planting of indigenous gardens and youth environment forums. This target outlines the regional aim to involve 100% of primary and high schools in local environmental education. The focus is on locally specific, rather than a generic program with a view to instilling a connection between children and the unique natural resources of the South East. Not only will achievement


��

of this MAT ensure future generations of responsible land managers and urban residents, it will also contribute to RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

B.4 Increasing community awareness Community awareness and understanding of local NRM issues is increased by �0%, by �0��.

During 2009, the SE NRM Board has undertaken a baseline survey to determine community understanding of local NRM issues. This target seeks to improve on the current level of understanding across all natural resources management issues and assets including biodiversity, coast and marine, land management and water management. Unlike MATs B.1 Involving primary producers and B.2 Supporting community groups and volunteers, this target is focused on increasing the knowledge of the “unconverted”; it seeks to engage those non-traditional members of the community. Examples include urban residents, heavy industry and small landholders on the urban fringes of the region’s towns. There is a direct correlation between information and changing attitudes and while this is only one step, it is critical to improving widespread management of natural resources. This target will make a contribution to all RCTs, with the greatest impact on RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

B.5 Planning to work together A regional (cross-agency) Community Engagement Plan is developed and implemented, by �0��.

A combined, highly organised effort to connect with the South East community from all NRM stakeholders will result in greater results for individuals, agencies and overall, for the natural resources. This target promotes the idea of a collaborative community engagement

plan for key NRM stakeholders such as Local Government, State Government agencies, industries and community groups. The plan will provide agreed direction, clearly define roles and responsibilities of the different parties and set expectations for future community engagement. This plan is the first step towards a completely coordinated cross-agency approach to working with the community on NRM issues. The positive impacts of the achievement of this target will assist in the success of all RCTs and an additional contribution to RCT P.1.

B.6 Respecting Aboriginal issues The understanding, appreciation and respect for Aboriginal issues by NRM participants is increased by the active involvement of Aboriginal communities, facilitated by the South East Aboriginal Focus Group, in education, awareness-raising and on-ground activities, by �0��.

There are several management action targets in this plan relating to protection of Aboriginal sites and values to recognise the connection that Aboriginal people have to Country. This target focuses on raising the awareness of NRM stakeholders and the general community on local Aboriginal issues. The SE NRM Board has supported the South East Aboriginal Focus Group for several years, in a mutually respectful relationship which provides an opportunity for representatives of each of the major Aboriginal families in the region to be consulted on important NRM issues. The Focus Group provides direction for the management of Aboriginal lands in the South East, as well as identifying high priority sites for protection and rehabilitation works. This target signifies the importance of engaging Aboriginal people in awareness raising and on-ground activities and the critical role of the SE Aboriginal Focus Group. The Board, community and other stakeholders will also continue to work with a broad range of Aboriginal people and organisations such as the Murapeena Heritage Group, Kungari Aboriginal Inc, Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority


��

and Burrundies Aboriginal Corporation. A fundamental aspect of this target is a commitment to genuine engagement with Aboriginal people. It is recognised that early contact, sufficient funding and resources to undertake ongoing consultation and an awareness of appropriate engagement protocols are vital to success.

As with all of the Goal B MATs, this target will positively affect all of the Resource Condition Targets, with the greatest impact on RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

3.6.3 Goal C MATs

Resilient industries taking responsibility for sustainable use and management of natural resources

C.1 Managing water within sustainable limits The region’s water resources are managed within sustainable limits, by �0��.

The National Water Initiative outlines the need for regions to define sustainable limits for groundwater and surface water use. The first step in managing within sustainable limits is the definition of a total water budget that accounts for groundwater extraction, environmental water needs, drainage discharge, irrigation, recharge to the aquifer, losses to the system through evaporation, drainage, cross-border influences and changing land use. Following research and definition of this total water budget, it will be necessary to make changes over time to adapt businesses and communities to not only surviving, but prospering under the new regime. Unlike the other Management Action Targets described in this plan, seven years are allowed for achievement of this target. This timeframe is consistent with directions in the National Water Initiative and allows for adjustment to changes in water management. This target will make some of the largest contributions to achievement of RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of groundwater systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and

groundwater-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved and RCT W.2 - By 2030, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water dependent ecosystems will be improved.

C.2 Reducing key invasive species The occurrence of at least five (5) key invasive species that threaten the integrity of habitats and/or the productivity of landscapes are reduced by �0%, by �0��.

In recognition of the need to prioritise control and management of pest plants and pest animals across the region, this target will focus on reducing the occurrence and impacts five high priority invasive species. The significant work undertaken as part of the pest risk assessment detailed in Part Four: NRM Policy will influence the five species to be determined in the first instance and will be implemented according to the South East Pest Management Strategy 2009. This target links strongly to managing environmental weeds and pest animals through MATs A.1 Improving native vegetation and A.5 Managing priority habitats. Achievement of this target will contribute to RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved, RCT B.1 - By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved and RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved.

C.3 Understanding land use change The impacts of significant changes in land use on the region’s natural resources are assessed and understood (ongoing).

In order to plan for the future management of our natural resources, it is necessary to understand the impacts of changes in land use on the region’s water, biodiversity, habitats, soils, coast and marine landscapes. The SE NRM Region is predicted to be the future food bowl of South Australia, however the impacts of intensification of agriculture and horticulture on the environment and are unknown. In addition, the SA Strategic Plan population target has the potential to greatly affect


��

the number of residents in the region, with subsequent effects on natural resources and their management. Other examples of land use changes that are likely to affect NRM in the near future include afforestation as a result of carbon sequestration markets and a range of alternative energy sources such as wind farm expansion, geothermal (hot rocks) and wave energy. This target links strongly to MAT D.7 Aligning strategic plans and will contribute to the achievement of all Resource Condition Targets by preventing new threats to natural resources and assisting in the management of existing threatening processes.

C.4 Adopting sustainable irrigation Efficient and sustainable irrigation practices and systems will have been adopted for at least 80% of water used for irrigation, by �0��.

The SE NRM Board recognises the significant investment that many irrigators have made in improving the efficiency of irrigation practices and systems across the region. In many cases, this investment has been financial, as well as a commitment to improving understanding, undertaking training and seeking out best industry practice. In line with MAT C.1 Managing water within sustainable limits, this ambitious target is focused on assisting irrigators to improve systems and practices in order to balance sound economics with reductions in water allocations. The severity of reductions varies across the region and is dependent on environmental triggers such as falling groundwater levels or rising salinity, as well as addressing over-allocation and extraction in excess of sustainable limits. As the vast majority of water used for irrigation in the South East is groundwater, this target will make a significant contribution to RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of groundwater systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and groundwater-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved, there will also be an effect on RCT W.2 - By 2030, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water dependent ecosystems will be improved.

C.5 Reusing waste water Options for improved management, including reuse of wastewater for improved environmental outcomes (e.g. industrial, stormwater, domestic, agricultural) are identified, and management arrangements are developed, by �0��.

In a drying climate, seeking new ways to conserve and reuse water will be vital into the future. This target focuses on identifying options for the improved management of water resources, particularly for environmental outcomes. Reuse of wastewater is one opportunity for improving environmental outcomes, with potential for stormwater harvesting and reuse, development of partnerships with large industrial sites and greater understanding of the effects of urban water use on the wider environment. This target will contribute to RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and groundwater-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved and RCT W.2 - By 2030, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water-dependent ecosystems will be improved. There is also likely to be benefits for wetland ecosystems and improved understanding and involvement of people in natural resources management, making a contribution to RCTs B.2 and P.1.

C.6 Improving salt-affected landscapes Appropriate plant-based systems for drained and undrained salt-affected landscapes are developed, and systems adopted across at least ��% of affected areas in the region, by �0��.

Over the past decade, there has been significant investment across the Upper South East of the region to address dryland salinity, including research, engineering solutions, revegetation and landholder engagement. This target builds on previous work and is focused on improving salt-affected landscapes through plant-based systems. This involves


��

increasing salt –tolerant perennial species across affected areas to work in conjunction with other methods to lower saline ground water levels and provide vegetative cover. The target also promotes making best productive use of drained soils and applying appropriate solutions to sodicity and other post-drainage soil issues. With strong links to MAT C.12 Increasing perennial plant systems and C.9 Improving soil condition, this target makes a major contribution to the achievement of RCT L.2 - By 2030, the adverse impacts of dryland salinity in the South East are reduced. This target also influences achievement of RCT L.1 and RCT W.1.

C.7 Ameliorating acidification The number of landholders applying lime to ameliorate acidification is increased by 2015.

Surface and subsoil acidity have been identified as significant threats to the soils of the region and this target describes the necessity of landholders applying lime to address this threat. Rather than ad hoc application of lime over areas that may not see improvement in pH, the target is focused on investing in land that requires rehabilitation or amelioration. The target contributes to the achievement of RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved, as well as RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

C.8 Managing pests The range of effective management options to control declared pest plant and animals in the region is increased, by �0��.

As with the management of most natural resources issues, control of pest plants and pest animals has developed considerably over time, with technology, research and changing land management practices all contributing to improvements. This target has two main elements, investigating and applying new management options and promoting existing best practice to

landholders. New management options may include biological controls, new chemicals or chemical regimes and it is important to keep abreast of advancements in this field. The other crucial component is promoting current leading-edge activities such as re-distribution of existing biological controls and comprehensive rabbit control that includes baiting, ripping and fumigation of burrows at seasonally appropriate times. Overall, timely and coordinated activity will bring greatest response for effort. This target contributes to the achievement of RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved, as well as RCT B.1 - By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved, RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved and RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

C.10 Improving soil condition Land is managed to maintain or improve soil condition, by �0��.

This target links strongly to MAT C.10 Improving water use through soils, C.7 Ameliorating acidification and C.17 Protecting land from erosion, however has a focus on managing to improve the condition of soils. In particular, this target seeks to improve soil fertility, thereby increasing soil carbon levels. It addresses compaction, subsoil infertility, waterlogging, induced and inherent sodicity and non-wetting soils. It makes a significant contribution to the achievement of RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved and through working with landholders to improve on-ground action, will make progress towards RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.


��

C.11 Improving water use through soils Water use efficiency is improved by 20% due to improved soil physical condition and nutrition, by �0��.

With strong links to MAT C.9 – Improving soil condition, this target has a greater focus on the benefits of increased water use efficiency as a result of increased soil nutrition, stabilised soil structure and enhanced physical condition. This target also works towards reducing the area of non-wetting sands in the region. Increased water use efficiency will contribute to both the achievement of RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved and RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and ground water-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved.

C.12 Increasing efficiency of industrial water Efficient and sustainable water use practices are adopted by all industrial water users, by �0��.

It is recognised that efficiencies in large industry may be driven by savings in operating expenditure, however this target promotes a more proactive approach to improving water use efficiency in an industrial setting. Examples of major industrial operators in the South East include pulp and paper manufacturers, timber processors, potato processing, meat processing, dairy and dairy value adding, wind farm developments, composting and large wineries. For the purposes of water allocation, dairy wash-down is also considered to be an industrial use. Achievement of this target will contribute mainly to RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and ground water-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved.

C.12 Increasing perennial plant systems The area of perennial plant systems that contribute to healthy landscapes is increased by �0%, by �0��.

This target complements MAT C.6 Improving salt-affected landscapes by building on the area of perennial plant systems across the whole of the SE NRM Region, rather than simply the salt-affected areas. Perennial plant systems, including commercial and farm forestry, are known to increase soil health by increasing the amount of organic carbon retained in the soil, which also assists in preventing erosion. This target clearly relates to MATs C.9 Improving soil condition, C.15 Understanding effects of agriculture, C.16 Adopting synergistic practices and C.17 Protecting land from erosion. There is also potential for this target to contribute to several Goal A MATs such as A.1 Improving native vegetation, A.10 Improving habitat connectivity and A.15 Building resilience in a changing climate. This target contributes to both RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved and RCT L.2 - By 2030, the adverse impacts of dryland salinity in the South East are reduced. There will also be a contribution to RCT B.1 By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved.

C.13 Developing recycling industries Opportunities for the development of new industries that are based on the recycling of waste materials generated in the region are identified and promoted to industry, by 2015.

Predominantly, the role of developing new industries falls to regional development organisations and innovative investors. This target promotes a more proactive approach to identifying the potential for new industries, particularly those focused on recycling or reusing waste products from the region. Previous examples of how this has been successful in the include improvements in forest management and processing to utilise all aspects of Pinus radiata plantations for


��

small posts, wood chip and mulch, rather than the traditional approach of removing high quality saw long and burning the remainder. This target contributes to all Resource Condition Targets, with the potential to reduce waste products and support low impact industry.

C.14 Understanding soil disease Understanding of the impacts of soil-borne diseases is increased, by �0��.

A range of soil-borne diseases have been identified across the South East, with the potential for many more to be introduced through transport of farm machinery, insufficient quarantine procedures and the highly mobile nature of staff. This target will result in increased understanding of the impacts of soil-borne diseases, as well as possible prevention and mitigation strategies. The target will contribute predominantly to RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved, however will also impact RCT B.1 – By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved.

C.15 Understanding effects of agriculture The understanding of the impacts of current agricultural practices on soil health is improved, including establishing the relationships between soil organic carbon and sustainable land management, and priority actions are identified, by 2015.

There are several components of this target which will result in improved management of soils and increased productivity. Firstly, an increased understanding of how current practices such as clay delving, liming and fertiliser application impact on soil health will be determined. From this step, the target outlines the need to establish a relationship between soil organic carbon and sustainable land management. Finally, priority actions will be identified, with a view to implementation as resources become available. While the target is focused on soil health and will make

a significant contribution to RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved, a greater understanding of current agricultural practices will also help to involve people (RCT P.1) and may reduce land based impacts on the coast and marine environment (RCT C.1).

C.16 Adopting synergistic practices Twenty percent (�0%) of landholders adopt synergistic natural resource management practices that aid biodiversity conservation and sustainable land management in a changing climate, by �0��.

Synergism is the total result of a combined effort that is greater than the sum of the parts. For natural resources management, this can be related to the superior improvements in the condition of natural resources as a result of managing native vegetation, soils, pests and sustainable water use as a whole, rather than as isolated, unrelated parts of a system. The underpinning principle of this target is integration and the integrated management of natural resources across the region. This target makes a significant contribution to the achievement of RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased and will influence the success of each of the other Resource Condition Targets.

C.17 Protecting land from erosion Achieve a �0% increase in agricultural land that is adequately protected from erosion by �0��.

The SA Strategic Plan outlines a State-wide target for protection of agricultural land from erosion and this MAT is the regional contribution to the higher level objective. Protection from erosion can be increased by adoption of low-till or no-till cropping, stubble retention and sound grazing management of pastures. Other measures include revegetation of erosion-prone areas, increasing perennial plantings, soil modification, amelioration of acid soils and increasing soil organic carbon.


��

This target will contribute to RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved.

3.6.4 Goal D MATs

Leadership, adaptability and partnerships for effective NRM

D.1 Responding to new pests The ability of the region to detect, respond and manage new pest plant and animal incursions is maintained and/or improved (ongoing).

This target links strongly to several Goal C MATs in C.2 Reducing key invasive species and C.8 Managing pests. However, the focus in this instance is on new and emerging pests. Activities that contribute to the achievement of this target will be consistent with the Pest Management Strategy and risk-based approach to controlling pest plants and pest animals outlined in Part Four: NRM Policy. Early detection of new pests will enable a coordinated and timely response, with a view to eradication before populations become established. This target will contribute to a number of RCTs including RCT B.1 - By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved, RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved, RCT C.1 - By 2030, the condition of marine habitats will be maintained or improved, RCT L.1 - By 2030, the condition of land in the South East will be improved and RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

D.2 Adapting water management

Adaptive management arrangements for the region’s water resources are defined and progressively implemented (e.g. integrated water-monitoring strategy, risk-based strategies to protect water supply and quality, etc.), by �0��.

In an operating environment that is constantly changing, it is necessary to ensure continuous improvement in managing water resources. This target aligns with the National Water Initiative and the timeframe is consistent with the National requirement for adaptive management arrangements to be progressively implemented by 2017. By reviewing management practices, evaluating the success of different projects and programs and implementing changes to improve success in the future, it will be possible to greatly enhance value for money and on-ground outcomes. . The Integrated Adaptive Management Framework developed as part of the Upper South East Dryland Salinity and Flood Management Program will inform action towards this target. This target also contributes to the longer-term achievement of RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and ground water-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved and RCT W.2 - By 2030, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water-dependent ecosystems will be improved.

D.3 Developing a regional knowledge system A regional resource knowledge ‘system’ is developed and used to guide future land use change and/or industry development, by �0��.

This target is aimed at collating and analysing the wide range of natural resources management information held within and about the region, for greater community and on-ground benefit. The development and ongoing improvements in NRM Space, the free community information for NRM information in the South East, are already making progress towards this target. However, there are many opportunities for expansion or refocusing of the system to provide direction in future land use planning or to assist in industry development. A “one stop shop” for NRM information is not only of vital importance to the community, it will enable all NRM stakeholders to have a better understanding of


�8

how their efforts can combine to have greater impact across the region. The achievement of this target will contribute to all Resource Condition Targets, with a specific contribution to RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

D.4 Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding NRM knowledge, skills and funding resources for the region are maintained or increased (ongoing).

The cyclical nature of funding in the NRM sector over the past decade has resulted in significant loss of skills, knowledge and human resources from the South East Region. This target highlights the importance of retaining local information and experience over the long-term for the greatest community and on-ground benefits. There is also a need to provide natural resources management employment opportunities for local Aboriginal people and communities. The need to maintain or increase funding for natural resources management is implied across all Management Action Targets and throughout the Regional NRM Plan as a whole, however this target will contribute to a more proactive approach for identifying new and regular funding opportunities. This target is imperative for the successful attainment of each and all of the Resource Condition Targets.

D.5 Developing a flow management strategy The Regional Flow Management Strategy is developed, by �0��.

A flow management strategy for the South East Region will encompass critical human needs, environmental water needs, address excess drainage into the marine environment and draw together the thoughts and views of a range of NRM stakeholders. Ultimately resulting in a plan for the management of the surface waters of the South East, this target will give security to existing water users, identify opportunities as they arise and provide water for highly valued natural resource

assets. There are strong links between this target and MAT A.7 Retaining water in the landscape. Successful attainment of this target will make a significant contribution towards RCT W.2 - By 2030, the ability of surface water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and surface water-dependent ecosystems will be improved and will also contribute to RCT W.1 - By 2030, the ability of ground water systems in the South East to support beneficial uses and ground water-dependent ecosystems will be maintained or improved.

D.6 Supporting biodiversity on private land The level of support, both human and financial, for biodiversity conservation of the Region’s remaining native vegetation on privately-owned land is maintained or improved compared with �00� levels (ongoing).

Acknowledging that the majority of land in the region is privately owned and managed, this target is designed to provide human and financial support for activities such as revegetation works, fencing, development of management plans and investigation of ecological tools such as the use of fire in ecosystem management ‘ecological burning’. Opportunities include stewardship payments for landholders or the use of market based instruments. This target will contribute to RCT B.1 – By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved, RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved and RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

D.7 Aligning strategic plans All industry, State and local government strategic plans align with the regional NRM plan and regional NRM agencies, including the SE NRM Board, and agencies are actively involved as advocates for NRM in local planning and development assessment, by �0��.


�9

The NRM Act requires the SE NRM Board and all NRM stakeholders to seek consistency in strategic planning. This target involves seeking better alignment between the Regional NRM Plan and NRM stakeholder corporate plans, as well as influencing future direction of NRM in the region. In addition, the target provides scope for the Board to work with Local Government to improve the alignment of Council development plans with the Regional NRM Plan for increased on-ground benefits. Improved coordination across agencies and better land use planning will contribute to all nine of the Resource Condition Targets.

D.8 Nominating significant sites The Piccaninnie Ponds area is nominated for international listing (Ramsar), and six (�) other wetlands are nominated for State and/or National listing, by �0��.

Part One: Regional Description outlines the wetlands that are currently considered to have international or national significance due to their unique ecological values or importance as habitat for birds and wildlife. This target outlines the need for further nomination of important sites across the region, including the widely recognised Piccanninie Ponds area. This target predominantly contributes to RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved and RCT B.3 By 2030, the conservation status of threatened species and ecological communities occurring in the South East will be maintained or improved. There are also strong links between this MAT and MAT A.13 Reviewing species of concern.

D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements Existing (in �00�) cooperative (including legislative) arrangements are managed to improve the condition of habitats on public and private land, and new cooperative management agreements are agreed to and implemented to include at least three (�) key habitat areas, by �0��.

The focus of this target is two-fold; firstly, it provides ongoing support and management of existing formal arrangements for biodiversity. Cooperative arrangements in this sense include conservation covenants, land management agreements, short-term contracts for devolved grants through to legislative heritage agreements registered on the property title. Secondly, the target is aimed at developing and implementing new cooperative arrangements, with a focus on covering otherwise unprotected habitats. Successful achievement of this MAT will contribute to RCT B.1 - 1 – By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved, RCT B.2 - By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved and RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

D.10 Establishing marine parks Marine Parks are established in the region, by �0��.

The South Australian Government has made a commitment to the establishment of multiple use Marine Parks across State waters to protect the diverse and highly fragile environment that is home to more than 7500 species, the majority of which are not found anywhere else in the world. The outer boundaries of the marine parks have been proclaimed by the South Australian Government and Local Advisory Groups have been established to assist the Department of Environment and Natural Resources with the development of management plans, including zoning arrangements for each park. This target links to the SA Strategic Plan target to establish marine parks and shows a regional connection to the State-wide process. The introduction of marine parks will assist in the achievement of RCT C.1 - By 2030, the condition of marine habitats will be maintained or improved, as well as raising awareness and involvement across the community and contributing to RCT P.1 - By 2030, the


�0

involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased.

D.11 Involving Aboriginal People Aboriginal involvement in planning, conduct and management of NRM projects and activities is increased (ongoing).

This target aims to better connect with Aboriginal people to share the wealth of knowledge that Aboriginal people bring to natural resources management. The South East Aboriginal Focus Group is the primary point of contact for liaison in planning and implementing NRM projects across the region, with contacts to each of the main family groups and understanding of cultural values. The respectful relationship between the SE NRM Board and the Aboriginal Focus Group forms the basis for a commitment to genuine engagement with Aboriginal people. It is recognised that early contact, sufficient funding and resources to undertake ongoing consultation and an awareness of appropriate engagement protocols are vital.

Successful achievement of this target will result in a significant contribution to RCT P.1 - By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be increased. Progress will also be made towards each of the other Resource Condition Targets as a result of this action.

D.12 Planning for climate change A regional strategy to address the ongoing effects of climate change will be developed and priority actions implemented, by �0��.

While this target is strongly linked to other Management Action Targets including A.14 Adapting to climate change and A.15 Building resilience in a changing climate, this is the target that will bring about a coordinated and strategic approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation. As the impacts of climate change will affect all natural resources, this target will contribute to all nine Resource

Condition Targets.


��

3.7 Research Priorities

Historically, the approach to research in the region has been ad hoc and while some imperative work has been

undertaken, this tactic has failed to deliver a strategic approach to future research needs. Given the breadth of

information needed to successfully manage the natural resources and the limited availability for funding, a revised

methodology is required for future investment.

Through a collaborative workshop approach, a number of priorities for each of the four goals, based on the

Management Action Targets for the region, were identified. These research priorities address critical knowledge

needs or foundational gaps necessary to measure and achieve the short and longer term targets.

Since the comprehensive workshop to develop the priorities listed below, additional opportunities have been

identified through community consultation and evolving issues. It is anticipated that during the life of this plan, a

follow up workshop incorporating stakeholders and the community will reassess these research priorities. In the

interim, Table �8 shows the “emerging issues” for consideration in future processes.

While the investment requirements for individual research institutions and funding bodies may not completely align

with these research priorities, the SE NRM Board will support projects that address one or more of these priorities

as a starting point.

The SE NRM Board will actively seek funding for these research priorities from a range of sources and investors.

It is also anticipated that NRM partners such as State Government agencies, Local Government, Australian

Government, universities and other research institutions will look to this list when initiating research in the region.

3.7.1 Goal A - Healthy landscapes supporting high value ecological systems

Table 12: Goal A Priority 1 research needs

Priority 1 Research Need MAT Addressed

Establish baseline conditions of key native vegetation and wetland habitats using an appropriate methodology and scale, and undertake a threat assessment to prioritise those habitats at highest risk and identifying appropriate actions to address these risks.

A.� Improving native vegetation

A.� Managing priority habitats

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity

Develop an integrated surface water and groundwater hydraulic and salinity model that improves management of the surface and ground water resources in the region. This would incorporate:

• Quantifying surface water runoff processes

• Determining the impacts of catchment-scale changes in land use, water diversions and impacts of climate change

• Examining sea water intrusion into coastal aquifers.

A.� Understanding water resources

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands

A.� Improving water quality


Establish the baseline conditions of the region’s coast, estuarine and marine habitats, including their extents and species distribution.

A.� Understanding coast and marine habitats

Determine specific water requirements for Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) in different land systems and with different hydrological characteristics, establish ecologically significant limits of acceptable change to groundwater levels and establish appropriate monitoring regimes.



��



Determine mechanisms for returning water in the landscape, taking into consideration social, economic, environmental and engineering factors.

A.� Retaining water in the landscape

Develop a prioritisation process to identify 5 threatened species of flora and 5 threatened species of fauna.

A.9 Managing threatened species

Assess the opportunity and priority to increase the landscape permeability of � habitat areas including one regionally connected wetland system.


Determine the effectiveness of control methods on pest species populations and the impacts on native species.


Identify sites/areas/cultural values that are significant to local Aboriginal communities.

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal sites

Determine how effective beach closure to vehicular access is in reducing adverse impacts to coastal habitats, particularly impacts to shorebird breeding and migratory requirements.




Determine the biodiversity impacts of environmental weeds and the best means of controlling them (e.g. fire, flooding, chemical, mechanical), and prioritise areas for control based on physical and biological attributes and feasibility of control/containment/eradication.


Determine the quality of water discharges to estuary, marine and wetland environments and assess the risk to such environments, identifying potential mitigation strategies/actions to avoid adverse impacts.

A.� Improving water quality

Determine the dispersibility / migration requirements for key fauna in the region, and undertake regional modeling of climate change to identify its impact on movement of species across landscapes.


A.�� Adapting to climate change

Undertake a regional inventory of the ecological character / value of drains, and design environmental refuges.

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges

Determine the socio-economic benefits of vehicular access to beaches and the coast.



��



Assist research into biological control measures for key pest species (flora and fauna).


Determine the risk of introduction of new weeds or proliferation of existing weeds resulting from climate change.


Determine the impacts of fire on the ecology and management of terrestrial and wetland systems.


Assess the relative impacts of pest species (flora and fauna) on small and large areas of remnant native vegetation.




Determine historic climate change impacts on Ground-water Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) by sediment sampling and analysis to improve their current and future management.


3.7.2 Goal B - Regional communities active in NRM

Table 17: Goal B Priority 1 research needs


Assess community involvement in NRM, examining issues such as:

• who is involved in NRM?

• what is being achieved?

• what motivates community groups?

• what assistance / support do groups need?

• what potential is there for new community groups?

• what will more community group participation achieve?

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers

B.� Increasing community awareness

Assess the community’s view and values of the environmental assets in the region.


Investigate successful community engagement methods and tools. B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers

Assess the current levels of participation of school-age children in NRM and determine opportunities for increased participation.

B.� Engaging schools

Determine the economic values of natural resource assets at a range of scales, from local to international (i.e. agreements such as for migratory birds).


Determine the NRM issues of importance to Aboriginal communities and individuals, and their willingness to be involved.



��

Table 18: Goal B Priority 2 research needs


Determine whether community groups are working on regional NRM priorities.

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers


3.7.3 Goal C - Resilient industries taking responsibility for sustainable use and management of

natural resources

Table 19: Goal C Priority 1 research needs


Refine the surface and ground water budgets for the region, taking into consideration natural inflows and outflows, all categories of use (extraction), and environmental needs, and define groundwater budgets at a sub-aquifer level (in both the confined and unconfined aquifers).

C.� Managing water within sustainable limits

Review the impacts of plantation forestry on the surface and groundwater resources in the region, with particular regard to volumetric allocations for forestry land use.


Determine the sociological, environmental and natural resource impacts of irrigated land use in the region, and define regional sub-areas reflecting appropriate irrigation systems and acceptable irrigation impacts according to localised land and soil conditions.

C.� Adopting sustainable irrigation




Determine the most appropriate methodology to establish boundaries for ground water management areas.


Assess the effect of land and water use in western Victoria on the water resources in the SE region.


Assess the impact of structural faults on aquifer recharge and ground water flow.


Assess the impacts on the region’s surface water and groundwater resources of improved land management practices that change water use efficiency (WUE).

C.� Understanding land use change

C.�� Understanding effects of agriculture


��



Identify and map the extent of the impacts of � key weeds and pests that threaten the integrity of habitats and/or the productivity of landscapes and develop best methods of control.

C.� Reducing key invasive species

Identify likely land use change in relation to climate change, energy and food supply, and social change in urban living, and develop a risk matrix/framework.


Develop appropriate species, particularly legumes and productive perennials, including trees, to improve the productivity of drained and undrained salt-affected landscapes.

C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes


Investigate practices to create fertile and friable sub-soils (e.g. delving, clay spreading, application of gypsum).



C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

C.�� Protecting land from erosion



Investigate methods of treating soil and sub-soil acidity. C.7 Ameliorating acidification

Research the potential for spread of new and established weeds, taking into consideration factors such as soil type and climate.

C.8 Managing pests

Investigate methods to improve sub-soil nutrition.



Investigate the large variability in water use efficiency (WUE) in plantations.C.�0 Improving water use through soils


��



Investigate the destination and ultimate fate of applied phosphorus in leaching profiles.


Investigate more cost-efficient methods for monitoring soil physical condition (e.g. EM, GPR).

C.�0 Improving water use through soils

Continue research and development regarding Phylloxera and development of resistant rootstock for vines.

C.�� Understanding soil disease

3.7.4 Goal D - Leadership, flexibility and partnerships for effective NRM

Table 24: Goal D Priority 1 research needs


Assess the short, medium and long-term threat of new pest plant and animal incursions.

D.� Responding to new pests

Undertake a risk assessment for the water resources in the region, taking into consideration issues such as changed land use, seasonal and long-term climate variability.

D.� Adapting water management

D.5 Developing a flow management strategy

Determine the priority habitats in the region and how these habitats are identified.

D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements

Undertake conceptual and numerical modeling of marine and estuarine habitats to assess:

• the impacts of climate change

• ecosystems interactions

• the impacts from land-based activities on marine and estuarine systems.

D.�0 Establishing marine parks



Assess the current capacity of the region to detect and respond to new pest plant and animal incursions.


Undertake a cost / benefit analysis of varying control of new pest plant and animal incursions, ranging from no control to complete control.


Determine the current and future water requirements for the region. D.� Adapting water management

Determine best practice interaction with communities and industries. D.� Adapting water management

Determine whether NRM funds are efficiently allocated and appropriately spent.

D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge and funding

Determine the delivery mechanisms that work best for biodiversity conservation on privately-owned land.

D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land


��

Determine for multi-jurisdictional (cross-border) surface water management agreements:

• the impact of the policy(ies) on individuals and industries

• define sustainable diversion limits on cross-border streams

• define in-stream ecology of cross-border streams

• the feasibility of restoring behind dune flow to the Glenelg River estuary.

D.5 Developing a flow management strategy

D.8 Nominating significant sites

Assess the status of management plans for historically funded protection of habitats on privately-owned land, and determine the assistance needed by landholders with these agreements.

D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements



Undertake a socio-economic study across the different land uses in the region that rely on water resources.

D.� Adapting water management

Determine the use of nrmSPACE (the regional NRM resource knowledge system) and its functionality for both community and professional use.

D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

Define ‘improved’ indicators for biodiversity conservation of remaining native vegetation in the region.




Determine what ecological values could be expected in wetter or drier seasons or changed climate patterns.


Determine the implications for managers/landholders of the proposed Ramsar listing of the Piccaninnie Ponds area.

D.8 Nominating significant sites

Determine the effectiveness of the current level of Aboriginal involvement in NRM and examine opportunities to increase this involvement.

D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

Table 28: Emerging research opportunities

Determine the environmental impacts of vehicular access to coastal habitats.

Determine the impacts of climate change on Aboriginal communities.

Identification of existing groundwater access trenches (wedge holes) in the South East and determine risks to groundwater from pollution and salinisation.

Investigate declining tree health in scattered trees.


�8


�9

Consistency with the State NRM Plan and South Australian Strategic Plan

The aim of this section is to show the connections between the Regional NRM Plan and the State NRM Plan and South Australian Strategic Plan. Alignment of the Regional NRM Plan with the State NRM Plan is required under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004, and alignment with the South Australian Strategic Plan is a State Government policy directive.

South Australian Strategic Plan

The South Australian Strategic Plan 2007 (SASP) sets the strategic direction for South Australia and sets targets for social, economic and environmental outcomes. In doing so, it sets a framework for the future activities of South Australian Government agencies and authorities (which includes the South East NRM Board), as well as for businesses and the entire community.

The SASP sets out six interrelated objectives with associated targets for the measurement of success. The Regional NRM Plan makes direct contribution to the following objectives: Objective �: Attaining Sustainability; Objective �: Building Communities; and Objective �: Expanding Opportunity.

Table �9 shows how the Resource Condition Targets of the Regional NRM Plan contribute to targets under the above Objectives in the SASP.

State Natural Resources Management Plan

The State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006 (State NRM Plan) was prepared by the NRM Council as a requirement under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004. It contains strategic policy at the State-level for managing South Australia’s natural resources. The State NRM Plan provides a broad framework for both Regional NRM Plans and State agency activities. A Regional NRM Plan must be consistent with the State NRM Plan.

�. Links

The Regional NRM Plan has many critical links to the State NRM Plan. Its goals and guiding principles reflect a similar intent, and there are alignments between its Resource Condition Targets (RCTs) and the RCTs of the State NRM Plan. The relationship between RCTs in the State NRM Plan and the Regional NRM Plan are shown in Table �0. The strong correlation between the goals of this plan and those described in the State NRM Plan are

also shown in Table ��.


�0

Table 30: Links between SE NRM Plan and State NRM Plan

SE NRM Region Resource Condition Targets

B� B� B� C� L� L� P� W� W�

Sta

te N

RM

Pla

n R

eso

urc

e C

on

dit

ion

Tar

get

s

L�By �0��, land condition will have improved compared to �00�

W�By �0��, all ecosystems dependent on prescribed water resources have improved ecological health compared to �00�

W�By �0�0, all aquatic ecosystems have improved ecological health compared to �00�

W�By �0��, no further net loss of wetland or estuary, extent or condition compared to �00�

W�By �0��, an increase in net water quality compared to �00�

B�By �0�0, �0% of species and communities in each of the �00� risk categories have moved to a lower risk category

B�By �0��, no species and ecological communities have moved to a higher risk category from �00�

B�By �0��, no further net loss of natural habitat (terrestrial, marine or aquatic) extent and condition below that of �00�

B�By �0�0, a net increase in ecological connectivity across all terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems compared to the �00� values

P�

By �0��, the capacity of people in the community, institutions and regional organisations to sustainably manage natural resources will be greater than in �00�

Primary Alignment

Secondary Alignment

Table 29: Links between SE NRM Plan and SA Strategic Plan

SE NRM Region Resource Condition Targets

B� B� B� C� L� L� P� W� W�

So

uth

Au

stra

lian

S

trat

egic

Pla

n T

arg

ets

T�.� Lose no species

T�.� Land biodiversity

T�.� Soil protection

T�.� Marine biodiversity

T�.� Greenhouse gas emissions reduction

T�.9 Sustainable water supply

T�.� Understanding of Aboriginal culture

T�.� Volunteering


��

Table 31: Correlation of Goals SE NRM Plan and State NRM Plan

SE NRM Region Goals

State NRM Plan Goals

Goal 1: Landscape scale management that maintains healthy natural systems and is adaptive to climate change

Goal 2: Prosperous communities and industries using and managing natural resources within ecologically sustainable limits

Goal 3: Communities, governments and industries with the capability, commitment and connections to manage natural resources in an integrated way

Goal 4: Integrated management of biological threats to minimise risks to natural systems, communities and industry

Goal A:Healthy landscapes supporting high value ecological systems

Goal B: Regional communities active in NRM

Goal C:Resilient industries taking responsibility for sustainable use and management of natural resources

Goal D: Leadership, adaptability and partnerships for effective NRM

Primary Alignment

Secondary Alignment


��

4.1 Links to Other Plans

South Australia has an effective legislative and policy

framework for the sustainable management of the

State’s natural resources. The South East Regional

Natural Resources Management Plan (Regional NRM

Plan) is consistent with and supports key National and

State legislation, policy and plans for managing natural

resources. It also has close links to policy and plans

at a regional level. Figure � shows the relationship

between each level of legislation and strategic

planning.

National legislation, strategies and plans

The National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable

Development is a key Australian Government strategy

underpinning natural resources legislation and plans at

a national level. The Regional NRM Plan is consistent

with the strategy and key commonwealth legislation

including the Native Title Act 1993, Water Act 2007,

Groundwater (Border Agreement) Act 1985 and

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation

Act 1999.

Other key strategies and plans include:

• National Strategy for the Conservation of

Australia’s Biological Diversity

• National Framework for Management and

Monitoring of Australia’s Native Vegetation

• National Objectives and Targets for Biodiversity

Conservation 2001-2005

• National Principles for the Provision of Water for

Ecosystems

• Australian Weeds Strategy

• Australian Pest Animal Strategy

• Weeds of National Significance

• National Weed Spread Prevention Draft Action

Plan

• National Water Initiative

• Victoria-South Australia Groundwater (Border

Agreement) 1985

• National threat abatement plans and species

action plans

The National Water Quality Management Strategy

addresses water quality requirements with respect to

both ecological and consumptive use needs.

State legislation, plans and strategies

The Regional NRM Plan is consistent with the

following South Australian Acts:

• Natural Resources Management Act 2004

• Environment Protection Act 1993

Figure 3: Relationship between the different levels of legislation and planning

National Legislation National Strategies and Plans

South Australian Legislation South Australian Strategies

South East Regional Strategies and Plans

Local Strategies and Plans


��

• National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972

• Coast Protection Act 1992

• Native Vegetation Act 1991

• Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988

• Development Act 1993

• Fisheries Management Act 2007

• Harbours and Navigation Act 1993

• Marine Parks Act 2007

• Upper South East Dryland Salinity and Flood

Management Act 2002

The Regional NRM Plan is consistent with and, where

possible, closely aligned to the following State plans

and strategies:

• South Australia’s Strategic Plan 2007

• State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006

• Water for good: A plan to ensure our water future to 2050

• Soil Conservation and Land Management: Directions for the Agricultural Lands of South Australia 2005

• South Australian Dryland Salinity Strategy

• NatureLinks

• South Australian Biosecurity Strategy 2008-2013

• No-Species Loss: A Biodiversity Strategy for South Australia 2007

• Planning Strategy for South Australia

• Wetlands Strategy for South Australia 2003

• Living Coast Strategy for South Australia 2004

• Statewide policy framework, Managing the water resource impacts of plantation forests

• Sustainable Recreation Strategy 2002

• Marine Planning Framework for South Australia

• Tackling Climate Change: South Australia’s Greenhouse Strategy 2007-2020

• Code of Practice for the Management of Native Vegetation to Reduce the Impact of Bushfire 2009

South East Regional strategies and plans

Within the South East Natural Resources Management

Region there are a range of strategies and plans that

are closely linked to this plan, components of which

are included within the Regional NRM Plan and will be

implemented through the Regional NRM Plan. There

are also a range of localised plans and strategies for

specific areas:

• Biodiversity Plan for the South East of South Australia 1999

• Draft South East Pest Management Strategy 2009

• Padthaway PWA Water Allocation Plan 2008

• Draft Lower Limestone Coast PWA Water Allocation Plan 2009

• Draft Tatiara PWA Water Allocation Plan 2009

• Draft Tintinara Coonalpyn Water Allocation Plan 2009

• Tintinara Coonalpyn Land and Water Management Plan 2006

• Blue Lake Management Plan 2006

• Coastal Lakes Management Strategy 1991

• South East Wetland Strategy 2009

• Local Government Strategic Plans

• Local Government Development Plans

• Local Government Operational Strategies (e.g. bushfire management, roadside vegetation)

• South East Coastal Management Strategy and

Action Plan 2000

Other Regional Plans

The SE NRM Board shares a boundary to the north

with the SA Murray Darling Basin NRM Board and

seeks to work collaboratively at a strategic and

operational with other SA NRM Boards. There are

close links between this plan and the Regional NRM

Plans of the other seven NRM Boards in South

Australia. Areas of commonality include consistent

water affecting activity policies to assist statewide

organisations such as Department for Transport,

Energy and Infrastructure, common themes and issues

especially sustainable water management, protection

of biodiversity and engaging with communities.

However, the greatest link between the eight Regional

NRM Plans is through the State NRM Plan.


��


��

�. Appendicies : �.� Map of the South East NRM Region

! "!

"

! !

!

!

!

!

!

"!

!

!

"

"

!

W A T T L EW A T T L ER A N G ER A N G E

C O U N C I LC O U N C I L

C O O R O N G D CC O O R O N G D C

T A T I A R A D CT A T I A R A D C

D C O FD C O FR O B ER O B E

N A R A C O O R T EN A R A C O O R T EL U C I N D A L EL U C I N D A L E

C O U N C I LC O U N C I L

K I N G S T O NK I N G S T O ND CD C

T H E D CT H E D CO F G R A N TO F G R A N T

PortMacDonnell

Beachport

Penola

Lucindale

Bordertown

Keith

Robe

Kingston SE

CoonalpynMeningie

Middleton

MILLICENT

NARACOORTE

MOUNTGAMBIER

GOOLWA

South East Natural Resources Management

Region

So

ut

h

Au

st

ra

li

a

Vi

ct

or

ia

SENRM Group

Northern

Central

Southern

SE NRM Region

Local Governmnet Area

Produced by:

Produced for:Reference:Compiled:

Datum:Projection:

© No part of this map may be reproduced or published in any form without the express written permission of SERIC.

This product is intended for information purposes only,SERIC gives no guarantee of the accuracy of data presented

South East Resource Information CentrePO Box 3587 Mount Gambier SA 5290SE NRM Board

Geocentric Datum of Australia, 1994Universal Transverse Mercator

9143_General\NRMRegionGroup_217/11/2009 -- 5:19:07 PM

10 0 10 20 30 405

Km±


��

ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics

AG Australian Government

APC Animal and Plant Control

BLMC Blue Lake Management Committee

CAMBA China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement

CCSA Conservation Council of South Australia

CEM Coastal, Estuarine and Marine

CFS Country Fire Service

CMA Catchment Management Authority

(Victoria)

CPI Consumer Price Index

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

Research Organisation

DC District Council

DEH Department for Environment and Heritage

(SA)

DENR Department of Environment and Natural

Resources

DFW Department for Water

DIWA Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia

DPC Department for Premier and Cabinet

DWLBC Department of Water Land and Biodiversity

Conservation

EBIT Earnings Before Interest and Tax

EM Electromagnetic

EPA Environment Protection Authority

EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity

Conservation Act 1999

EWR Environmental Water Requirement

FTE Full Time Equivalent

GDE Ground water-dependent Ecosystem

GIS Geographical Information System

GRP Gross Regional Profit

ILUA Indigenous Land Use Agreement

IUCN International Union for Conservation of

Nature

JAMBA Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement

LG Local Government

LCCCMG Limestone Coast and Coorong Coastal

Management Group

LCDB Limestone Coast Development Board

LSE Lower South East

MAT Management Action Target

�.� Abbreviations

MEC Minister for Environment and Conservation

MBI Market Based Instruments

MERI Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting and

Improvement

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

NGO Non-Government Organisation

NLWRA National Land and Water Resource Audit

NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (SA)

NRM Act Natural Resources Management Act 2004

(SA)

NRM Natural Resources Management

NRSMPA National Representative System of Marine

Protected Areas

PIRSA Primary Industries and Resources South

Australia

PWA Prescribed Wells Area

R&D Research and Development

RCT Resource Condition Target

SA South Australia

SAFF South Australian Farmers’ Federation

SAR Sodium Absorption Rate

SARDI South Australian Research and

Development Institute

SASP South Australian Strategic Plan

SE NRM

Board South East Natural Resources

Management Board

SE NRM

Region South East Natural Resources

Management Region

SEAFG South East Aboriginal Focus Group

SEEEWG South East Environmental Education

Working Group

SELGA South East Local Government Association

SEWCDB South Eastern Water Conservation and

Drainage Board

TCSA Tertiary Confined Sand Aquifer

TDS Total Dissolved Solids

TLA Tertiary Limestone Aquifer

USE Upper South East

WAP Water Allocation Plan

WDE Water-Dependent Ecosystem

WUE Water Use Efficiency


��

�.� Glossary

Adaptive management: A management approach, often used in NRM, that involves learning from management actions, and using that learning to improve the next stage of management.

Allotment: Has the same meaning as in the Real Property Act 1886 and also includes two or more contiguous allotments owned or occupied by the same person and operated as a single unit.

Aquatic ecosystems: An ecosystem located in a water body. The two main types are marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Aquifer: An underground layer of rock or sediment, which holds water and allows water to percolate through.

Aquitard: A layer in the geological profile that separates two aquifers and restricts the flow between them.

Area based allocation: An allocation of water that entitles the licensee to irrigate a specified area of land for a specified time, usually described as per water use year.

Artificial recharge: The process of artificially diverting water from the surface to an aquifer. Artificial recharge can reduce evaporation losses and increase aquifer yield.

Artesian: Artesian water is water confined underground with enough pressure to cause it to rise above the level where it is encountered when wells penetrate the aquifer; the water will rise to the ground surface without the need for pumping.

Biodiversity: The variety of life forms represented by plants, animals and other organisms and micro-organisms, the genes that they contain, and the ecosystems and ecosystem processes of which they form a part.

Bioregion: A territory defined by a combination of biological, social and geographic criteria rather than by geopolitical considerations. Generally refers to a system of related, interconnected ecosystems.

Biosecurity: The protection of the economy, environment and public health from negative impacts associated with pest animals, plants and diseases (State NRM Plan).

Biota: All living organisms in a given area, including fungi, bacteria and algae.

Carbon bio–sequestration: The absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by living trees and vegetation.

Catchment area: The land area that contributes surface water to the flow in a watercourse at a specific location.

Clay pit: A hole in the ground which has resulted from the sourcing of clay.

Climate change: A change in climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, which alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods (State NRM Plan).

Clearfell or Clearfelling: The cutting or harvesting of all of the remaining crop trees in a given area. The clearfelling of a compartment shall be deemed to have been completed when all of the remaining crop trees within the boundary of the compartment have been harvested or felled.

Commercial forest: A forest or plantation of introduced or native species where the forest vegetation is grown or maintained by including but not limited to fertilising, thinning, etc, so that it can be harvested or used for commercial purposes (including timber or fibre production or through the commercial exploitation of the carbon absorption capacity of the forest vegetation, but excluding where the forest vegetation is solely managed to produce seed or solely for amenity or biodiversity conservation purposes.

Community: Landholders, residents, industries, agencies, Local Governments and visitors to our region.

Compartment: A defined area of crop trees of commercial forest, usually of the same species and age, surrounded on all sides by a firebreak.

Cone of Depression: An inverted cone shaped space within an aquifer caused by a rate of ground water extraction that exceeds the rate of recharge. Continuing extraction of water can extend the area and may affect the viability of adjacent wells, due to declining water levels or water quality.


�8

Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which the upper surface is impervious and the water is held at greater than atmospheric pressure. Water in a penetrating well will rise above the surface of the aquifer.

Connectivity: The extent to which patches of similar or complementary ecosystems are connected for the purpose of animal movement, for plant and animal reproduction, and for supporting ecosystem resilience.

Conservation status: The listing of a taxon on state, national or international conservation lists according to the threat to its viability.

Coppice regrowth: Trees in a hardwood plantation that have regenerated from shoots formed from the stumps of the previous crop of trees, root suckers, or both, i.e., by vegetative means.

Dam: An excavation, wall or other structure designed to hold diverted or pumped from a watercourse, a drainage path, an aquifer or from another source (from NRM Act) and includes clay pits within a �00 m set back area from the priority watercourses in the Tatiara /Nalang surface water policy area.

Declared plants / animals: A class of pest animals or plants declared under section �� of the NRM Act for control purposes (State NRM Plan).

Diffuse source pollution: Pollution from sources such as an eroding paddock, urban or suburban land and forests; it is generally spread out and its source is often not easily identified nor managed.

Domestic wastewater: Water used in the disposal of human waste, for personal washing clothes or dishes and swimming pools.

Drawdown: The occasional, seasonal or permanent lowering of the water table or reduction of pressure (head) of an aquifer resulting from the extraction of ground water.

Drainage well: A well with its own natural catchment that is primarily used for the purpose of draining or discharging surface water into the ground.

Dryland salinity: The process whereby salts stored below the surface of the ground are brought close to the surface by the rising watertable. The accumulation of salt degrades the upper soil profile, with impacts on agriculture, infrastructure and the environment.

Ecological community: Unique and naturally occurring groups of plants and animals.

Ecologically sustainable development: Using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased.

Ecosystem: A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.

Endemic: A species that is native to, and restricted to, a particular geographic region.

Environmental flows: Periods or patterns of inundation, or drying, or river/or creek flows allocated or provided for the maintenance of water –dependent ecosystems.

Environmental water requirements: The water regimes needed to sustain the ecological values of water-dependent ecosystems, including their processes and biological diversity.

Estuary: A partially enclosed coastal body of water that is permanently, periodically, intermittently or occasionally open to the sea within which there is a measurable variation in salinity due to the mixture of sea water with water derived from or under the land.

Farm: A place/property being used solely or predominantly for the business of agriculture, pasturage, horticulture, viticulture, animal farming or any other business consisting of the cultivation of soils, the gathering in of crops or the rearing of livestock, other than where the sole or predominant use is commercial forestry.

Flood irrigation: Irrigation where ground water is pumped or directed onto an irrigation bay or levelled land and flows uniformly across the soil surface of the bay or the land without the aid of sprinklers, drippers or other infrastructure.

Forest fallow: The time period between clearfell of the previous commercial forest and the re-establishment of the commercial forest site by means other than through coppice regrowth.

Forest rotation: Means the length of time between establishment of the commercial forest by planting, coppice regrowth, or other means, and clearfelling.

Forest threshold expansion opportunity: This relates to an area of approximately �9,�00 hectares that is distributed throughout a number of underground water management areas in the lower South East.


�9

The recharge impacts of the expansion area are taken into full account. The forest threshold expansion opportunity is managed as two separate pools, one for softwoods and the other for hardwoods. The forest threshold expansion opportunity makes no allowance for direct extraction by plantation forest established over shallow water tables. The unassigned balance of the forest threshold expansion opportunity shall be converted from an area to a volume expressed in ML in accordance with this Plan. The initial (based on �00� data) and current (at November �009) forest threshold expansion opportunity in hectares of forest is shown in Table � (Part Four: NRM Policy).

Groundwater: Water occurring naturally below ground level or water pumped, diverted or released into a well for storage underground.

Habitat: The natural place or type of site in which an animal or plant or communities of animals and plants live.

HaIE: The Irrigation Equivalent (IE) allocation shown in hectares. It is the quantity of irrigation water (in addition to rainfall) required to equal the water use for one hectare of a reference crop grown in a region. The use of ground water for irrigation purposes is restricted to the Irrigation Equivalent area stated on a water licence.

High value agricultural land: Land with a high productive potential for agricultural activities.

Irrigation: The watering of land by any means for the purpose of growing plants.

Karst: A type of topography that is formed over limestone, dolomite or gypsum by dissolving or solution, and that is characterised by closed depressions or sinkholes, caves and ground drainage. Dictionary of Geological Terms. Rev. ed. 1976

Lake: A natural lake, pond, lagoon, wetland or spring (whether modified or not) and includes part of a lake, or a body of water designated as a lake by an NRM plan; or by a development plan under the Development Act 1993.

Land capability: The ability of land to accept a type and intensity of use with minimum risk of permanent damage to the soil resource (land natural resources) (State NRM Plan).

Land division: A division of land requiring approval under the Development Act 1993 and includes circumstances where a contiguous allotment ceases to be owned or occupied by the same person.

Land stewardship: The practice of carefully managing land usage to ensure natural systems are maintained or enhanced for future generations.

Licensee: A person who holds a water licence.

Long rotation softwood plantations: Softwood plantations, represented for the purposes of this Plan, having a nominal forest rotation length of �� years from establishment of the commercial forest by planting or other means, to clearfelling.

Management Action Target: The desired result of a collection of projects and activities over a five to seven year timeframe.

Market Based Instrument: Schemes that use market-like approaches to encourage ‘good behaviour’, changing management actions to improve natural resource management outcomes. They have potential to provide incentives to improve the condition of the land and waterways at a lower cost than many traditional policies and laws.

Native animal: A protected animal within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 and any species included in Schedule �0 of that Act, but does not include a dingo or any other animal of a class excluded from the ambit of this definition by the regulations.

Natural resources: Soil, water resources, geological features and landscapes, native vegetation, native animals and other native organisms, and ecosystems.

Natural Resources Management: Achieving a sustainable balance in the sharing of our region’s finite natural resources between both economic and environmental needs, to ensure that current and future generations can benefit from them.

Net planted area: As applied to commercial forests or farm forestry means the area of the forest measured from stump to stump, less any unplanted areas greater than 0.� ha. Access tracks less than �0 m wide are part of the nett planted area.

On-stream dam: A dam, wall or other structure placed on, or constructed across, a watercourse or drainage path, or constructed drain for the purpose of holding back and storing the natural flow of that


�0

watercourse, or the surface runoff flowing along that drainage path. Note the definition of an on-stream dam does not include in stream/drain structures that regulate surface water flow in drains constructed under the Upper SE Dryland Salinity and Flood Management Program or drains under the management and control of the SE Water Conservation and Drainage Board.

Off-stream dam: A dam, wall or other structure that is not constructed across, a watercourse or drainage path (or constructed drain) and is designed to hold water diverted or pumped from a watercourse, drainage path or aquifer or from another source and includes turkey nest dams.

Pest: A plant or animal species declared under the NRM Act.

Prescribed water resource: Includes underground water to which access is obtained by prescribed wells.

Prescribed well: A well declared to be a prescribed well under section �� of the Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

Resource Condition Target: The desired state and condition of a natural resource asset (including people) over a �0-year timeframe.

Runaway hole: A natural opening in the ground that allows for the free movement of water to the underground water.

Set back: Within the Tatiara/Nalang surface water policy area within which a permit for the construction of a dam is required in the case of any excavation or rock, sand or soil undertaken for the purpose of locating clay for the purpose of clay spreading.

The set back for the Tatiara/Nalang surface water policy area extends �00 m from the centre point of priority watercourses within the Tatiara/Nalang surface water policy area.

Short rotation hardwood plantations: Means all hardwood plantations, represented for the purposes of this Plan as having a nominal forest rotation length of �0 years from establishment of the commercial forest by planting, coppice regrowth, or other means, to clearfelling.

Surface water: Water flowing over land (except in a watercourse), after falling as rain or hail or having precipitated in any other manner, or rising to the surface naturally from underground. Also, water of either kind that has been collected in a dam or reservoir or contained in any stormwater infrastructure.

Sustainable (Sustainability): Comprises the use, conservation, development and enhancement or natural resources in a way, and at a rate that will enable people and communities to provide for their economic social and physical well-being while: sustaining the potential of natural resources to meet the reasonably foreseeable needs of future generations and safeguarding the life-supporting capacities of natural resources and avoiding, remedying or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on natural resources (State NRM Plan).

Threatened species: Plant or animal species that are listed as rare, vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered or extinct in the wild as per the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (SA) or Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth.).

Total dissolved solids: Measure of the dissolved salts in water and an alternative salinity measurement to EC unit.

Turkey nest dam or holding dam: A dam, wall, structure or excavation that is not constructed across a watercourse or drainage path and is designed to hold water diverted or pumped from a watercourse, a drainage path, an aquifer or from another source. A holding dam has no natural catchment other than the surface area of the dam (e.g. a turkey nest dam).

Unconfined Aquifer: Aquifer in which the upper surface has free connection to the ground surface and water surface is at atmospheric pressure.

Volumetric allocation: An allocation of water expressed on a water licence as a volume (e.g. kilolitres) to be used over a specified period of time, usually per water-use year (as distinct from any other sort of allocation).

Water affecting activities (WAA): Activities defined in section 127 of the NRM Act that can adverse impacts on the health and condition of water resources, on other water users and on the ecosystems that depend on water resources. These water resources include watercourses, lakes or dams, floodplains, groundwater, springs, wetlands, water holes and catchment landscapes among others.

Watercourse: (from NRM Act 2004) A river, creek or other natural watercourse (whether modified or not) in which water is contained or flows whether permanently or from time to time and includes-a dam


��

or reservoir tat collect water flowing in a watercourse; a lake through which water flows; a channel (but not a channel declared by regulation to be excluded from the ambit of this definition) into which the water of a watercourse has been diverted; part of a watercourse; an estuary through which water flows; any other natural resource, or class of natural resource, designated as a watercourse for the purposes of the NRM Act by an NRM plan.

Water-dependent ecosystems: Those parts of the environment, the species composition and natural ecological processes that are determined by the permanent or temporary presence of flowing or standing water, above or below ground. The in-stream areas of rivers, riparian vegetation, springs, wetlands, floodplains, estuaries and lakes are all water-dependent ecosystems.

Water Allocation Plan: A water allocation plan prepared by a regional NRM board under Chapter � Part � of the Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

Water licence: A licence granted by the Minister under Section �� of the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 authorising the holder (subject to the requirements of the Act) to take (or to hold) water from a watercourse, lake or well or to take (or to hold) surface water from a surface water prescribed area and includes a licence granted with a water (holding) allocation.

Watertable: Upper surface of saturation in the unconfined aquifer.

Water Holding Allocation: The quantity of water that a water licence holder is entitled to request to be converted to a water taking allocation.

Water Taking Allocation: The quantity of water that a water licence holder is entitled to take and use pursuant to the licence.

Water use efficiency: A simple measure of crop production per unit of water applied.

Watercourse: A river, creek or other natural watercourse (whether modified or not) in which water is contained or flows whether permanently or from time to time.

Wetland: An area that comprises land that is permanently or periodically inundated with water (whether through natural or artificial processes) where

the water may be static or flowing or may range from fresh water to saline water and where the inundation with water influences the biota or ecological processes (whether permanently or from time to time) and includes any other area designated as a wetland by:

a) an NRM plan, or

b) a development plan under the Development Act 1993

but does not include:

c) a dam or reservoir that has been constructed by a person wholly or predominantly for the provision of water for primary production or human consumption, or

d) an area within an estuary or within any part of the sea, or

e) an area excluded from the ambit of this definition by the regulations (NRM Act �00�).


��

Government of South Australia �00�, State Natural Resources Management Plan 2006. Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide, South Australia.

Australian Government �00�, Guidelines for Regional Target Setting in SA, Natural Heritage Trust and Government of South Australia

South East Natural Resources Management Board �00�, Initial Natural Resources Management Plan for the South East Natural Resources Management Region 2006-07, SE NRM Board, Mount Gambier.

South East Natural Resources Consultative Committee �00�, South East Natural Resources Management Plan¸ SENRCC, Mount Gambier.

�.� References


��

�.� Guiding Principles from the State NRM PlanOur natural resources must be managed for long-term social, economic and environmental outcomes by landscape scale improvements to the ecosystems which we depend upon.

1. Win, win, win Ecologically sustainable development of natural resources underpins a sound economy while delivering positive social and environmental outcomes.

2. Work within limits The use of our natural resources in response to social and economic pressures must work within ecologically sustainable limits to maintain their life supporting capacity.

3. Look after the future Ecologically sustainable development of natural resources will protect their capacity to provide ecosystem services upon which the well-being of future as well as current generations depends.

4. Use without losing Natural resources management must embrace the fundamental interdependence of economic productivity and ecologically sustainable use.

5. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts Natural resources management will be most effective when using an ecosystem approach that recognises and integrates all the components and processes of ecosystems and their use; and manages these at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales.

People and their readiness, willingness and ability to contribute to sustainable natural resources management are critical to realising the vision.

6. People are the key Capable, connected and committed people are critical to effective natural resources management.

7. Work together Government, communities and industries must work together to integrate the management of natural resources.

8. Knowledge is power It is essential to develop and share knowledge and that the understandings of rural, urban, Aboriginal and scientific communities are sought and valued.

9. Learn by doing Management of natural resources requires an adaptive approach that is continually improving by testing and learning from actions in a purposeful, persistent, information-rich, flexible and inclusive manner.

10. Everyone’s responsible Everyone benefits from natural resources, and everyone must be responsible for their share of the costs to manage natural resources sustainably.

To fix the problems, manage the risks and capture the opportunities we must learn from the past and think beyond the present.

11. Think outside the square The thinking that created our natural resource management problems cannot necessarily solve them: innovative thinking and brave decision-making are required.

12. Prevent rather than cure Preventing the degradation of natural resources by dealing with causes is preferable to rehabilitation and treating symptoms.

13. If it’s broke, fix it Repair of landscapes and seascapes will be needed to ensure that natural resources can continue to provide ecosystem services into the future.

14. It’s a risky business

Because of the uncertainties of managing and

using ecosystems, best available information

should be used in a precautionary way as part

of a risk management approach.


��

BIODIVERSITy

RCT_B.1 By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved.

RCT_B.2 By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved.

RCT_B.3 By 2030, the conservation status of threatened species and ecological communities occurring in

the South East will be maintained or improved.

RCT_P.1 By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be

increased.


A.� Improving native vegetation B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands C.� Reducing key invasive species

A.� Managing priority habitats C.� Understanding land use change

A.� Improving water quality C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.8 Managing pests

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

A.9 Managing threatened species C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity C.�� Protecting land from erosion

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges D.� Responding to new pests

A.�� Reviewing species of concern D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

A.�� Adapting to climate change D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge & funding


B.� Involving primary producers D.� Aligning strategic plans

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.8 Nominating significant sites


B.� Increasing community awareness D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

B.� Planning to work together D.�� Planning for climate change

�.� Targets Relating to Each Asset


��

COAST AND MARINE

RCT_C.1 By 2030, the condition of marine habitats in the South East will be maintained or improved.

RCT_B.1 By 2030, the condition and extent of terrestrial habitats in the South East will be improved.

RCT_B.2 By 2030, the condition and extent of wetland habitats in the South East will be improved.

RCT_P.1 By 2030, the involvement of all members of the community in positive NRM activities will be

increased.


A.� Improving native vegetation C.� Reducing key invasive species

A.� Understanding water resources C.� Understanding land use change

A.� Understanding coast and marine habitats C.� Reusing waste water

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands C.8 Managing pests

A.� Managing priority habitats C.9 Improving soil condition

A.� Improving water quality C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.9 Managing threatened species C.�� Protecting land from erosion

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal Sites D.� Responding to new pests

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

A.�� Reviewing species of concern D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge & funding

A.�� Adapting to climate change D.5 Developing a flow management strategy


B.� Involving primary producers D.� Aligning strategic plans

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.8 Nominating significant sites


B.� Increasing community awareness D.�0 Establishing marine parks

B.� Planning to work together D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues D.�� Planning for climate change


��

LAND

RCT_L.1 By 2030, THE CONDITION OF LAND IN THE SOUTH EAST WILL BE IMPROVED.

RCT_L.2 By 2030, THE ADVERSE IMPACTS OF DRyLAND SALINITy IN THE SOUTH EAST ARE REDUCED.

RCT_P.1 By 2030, THE INVOLVEMENT OF ALL MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITy IN POSITIVE NRM

ACTIVITIES WILL BE INCREASED.


A.� Improving native vegetation C.9 Improving soil condition

A.�� Adapting to climate change C.�0 Improving water use through soils

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

B.� Involving primary producers C.�� Understanding soil disease

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers C.�� Understanding effects of agriculture

B.� Engaging schools C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

B.� Increasing community awareness C.�� Protecting land from erosion

B.� Planning to work together D.� Responding to new pests

B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

C.� Reducing key invasive species D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge & funding

C.� Understanding land use change D.� Aligning strategic plans

C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

C.7 Ameliorating acidification D.�� Planning for climate change

C.8 Managing pests


��

PEOPLE




A.� Improving native vegetation C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands C.7 Ameliorating acidification

A.� Managing priority habitats C.8 Managing pests

A.� Improving water quality C.9 Improving soil condition

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.�0 Improving water use through soils

A.9 Managing threatened species C.11 Increasing efficiency of industrial water

A.�0 Improving habitat connectivity C.�� Increasing perennial plant systems

A.�� Protecting Aboriginal Sites C.�� Developing recycling industries

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges C.�� Understanding effects of agriculture

A.�� Reviewing species of concern C.�� Adopting synergistic practices

A.�� Adapting to climate change C.�� Protecting land from erosion

A.�� Building resilience in a changing climate D.� Responding to new pests

B.� Involving primary producers D.� Adapting water management

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Engaging schools D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge & funding

B.� Increasing community awareness D.5 Developing a flow management strategy

B.� Planning to work together D.� Supporting biodiversity on private land

B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues D.� Aligning strategic plans

C.� Managing water within sustainable limits D.8 Nominating significant sites

C.� Reducing key invasive species D.9 Protecting habitats through formal arrangements

C.� Understanding land use change D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

C.� Adopting sustainable irrigation D.�� Planning for climate change

C.� Reusing waste water


�8

WATER

RCT_W.1 By 2030, THE ABILITy OF GROUND WATER SySTEMS IN THE SOUTH EAST TO SUPPORT

BENEFICIAL USES AND GROUND WATER-DEPENDENT ECOSySTEMS WILL BE MAINTAINED

OR IMPROVED.

RCT_W.2 By 2030, THE ABILITy OF SURFACE WATER SySTEMS IN THE SOUTH EAST TO SUPPORT

BENEFICIAL USES AND SURFACE WATER DEPENDENT ECOSySTEMS WILL BE IMPROVED.




A.� Understanding water resources C.� Adopting sustainable irrigation

A.� Managing Ramsar wetlands C.� Reusing waste water

A.� Improving water quality C.� Improving salt-affected landscapes

A.� Retaining water in the landscape C.�0 Improving water use through soils

A.8 Acknowledging environmental water needs C.11 Increasing efficiency of industrial water

A.�� Identifying drainage refuges C.�� Understanding effects of agriculture



B.� Involving primary producers D.� Developing a regional knowledge system

B.� Supporting community groups and volunteers D.� Maintaining skills, knowledge & funding

B.� Engaging schools D.5 Developing a flow management strategy

B.� Increasing community awareness D.� Aligning strategic plans

B.� Planning to work together D.8 Nominating significant sites

B.� Respecting Aboriginal issues D.�� Involving Aboriginal People

C.� Managing water within sustainable limits D.�� Planning for climate change


For more information contact: South East Natural Resources Management Board

Or write to: South East Natural Resources Management Board PO Box 30, Mount Gambler SA 5290

Or visit our website at:www.senrm.sa.gov.au

for further information · table : relationship between management action targets (mats), goals,...

Documents