for frankenstein by mary shelley. the point from which the story is told. usually the narrator,...
TRANSCRIPT
for
Frankenstein
By Mary Shelley
Literary Terms
Point of ViewThe point from
which the story is told. Usually the narrator, character or outside observer who tells the story.
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First Person Point of ViewWhen a character
in the story tells the story.
Example: When “I” or “Me” is used in a story or movie to tell the story.
http://www.worth1000.com/entries/42000/42129AFhe_w.jpg
Second Person Point of View
When “you” is used to narrate the story. It can be intimate or accusatory. This should be used in adventure and recipe books.
http://www.pandora.ca/pictures9/676276.jpg
Third Person Limited Point of View The narration does
not use “I” or “me”. Only he/she/it.
The narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of just one character.
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Third Person Omniscient Point of View
The all knowing narrator can tell us about the past, present and future of all the characters (godlike).
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NarratorThe person that is
telling the story.
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The time and place of a literary work.Example: The setting for “The Cask of
Amontillado” is “Early evening in an Italian city during a carnival immediately preceding Lent.”
Setting
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ThemeA central message of
a literary work. It is a generalization about people or about life that is communicated through the literary work. Readers think about what the work seems to say about the nature of people or about life.
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http://victoryatseaonline.com/war/otherwars/images/patriot.gif
CharacterA person or an
animal who takes part in the action of a literary work. Characters are sometimes classified as round or flat, dynamic or static.
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Dynamic CharacterThis character develops and grows during the course of the story.
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Round CharacterThis character shows many different traits--faults as well as virtues.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/malcolm/gallery/images/340/malcolm4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/malcolm/gallery/season3/malcolm4.shtml&h=255&w=340&sz=10&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=XhkiSujuGSyOkM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmalcom%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bmiddle%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official_s%26sa%3DG
Static CharacterThis character does not change much in the story.
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Flat Character
Has only one or two traits.
http://www.darrenfrodsham.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/images/batman.jpghttp://members.tripod.com/~film_circle/rushhour.jpg
Protagonist
The main character in a literary work.
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Antagonist
A character or force in conflict with a main character or the protagonist.
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Plot
The sequence of events in a literary work.
http://www.cast.org/teachingeverystudent/toolkits/images/TMP_plotdiagram_large.jpg
Is a writing or speech that explains a process or presents information. In the plot of a story or drama, the exposition is the part of the work that introduces the characters, the setting, and the basic situation.
Exposition
Exposition
All the events leading up to the climax.
Rising Action
Rising Acti
on
The conflict reaches a high point of interest or suspense.
Climax
Climax
Follows the climax and leads to a resolution.
Falling Action
Falling
Action
The end of the central conflict.
Resolution
Resolution
ConflictA struggle
between opposing forces, usually it will form the basis of stories, novels, and plays.
http://www.warnerbros.co.uk/movies/troy/img/troy_main.jpg
Internal ConflictInvolves a character in conflict with himself or herself.
http://www.sfrevu.com/ISSUES/2002/0201/Film%20-%20A%20Beautiful%20Mind/beautiful%20mind.jpg
External ConflictThe main character
struggles with an outside force. Usually the outside force consists of:man vs. manman vs. natureman vs. societyman vs.
supernatural (God or gods)
Man vs. Man
http://www.talithamackenzie.com/pics/biog/troy.jpg
Man vs. Nature
http://www.canadian-titanic-society.com/book_cover.jpg
Man vs. Supernatural
http://www.kidsclick.com/images/hercules_action.jpg
Man vs. Society
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Terms and Definitions
A framework story is a “story within a story” – a convention used in such classical
writings as the Arabian Nights and the Canterbury Tales. (Novel Units, Inc.)
Framework Story
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The term (“ghostly double”) refers to a ghostly counterpart of a living person. Hawthorne and Poe
are among the many writers who have used this device commonly to dramatize the dual nature—the “good” and “bad” selves– of a particular character.
Doppelganger
AllusionA reference to a well-known person, place,
event, literary work, or work of art.
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Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonants for rhyme.
Example: Sally sells seashells by the seashores.
Directly addressing an imaginary person, place, thing, or abstraction, either living, dead or absent from the work.
Example: Ophelia, in Hamlet, says, “O, heavenly powers, restore him.”
Apostrophe
Hyperbole
Is an extreme exaggeration.
Example: I have so much money, I am burning a hole in my pocket
If I told you once, I’ve told you a thousand times
MetaphorA figure of speech in
which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else.
Example:“Time is a monster that
cannot be reasoned with”
http://www.alyon.org/generale/theatre/cinema/affiches_cinema/s/seu-smo/simon_birch.jpg
Metonymy (unlike metaphor) uses figurative expressions that are closely associated with the subject in terms of place, time or background. The figurative expression is not a physical part of the subject. Examples are: The White House declared (White House =
US government / President) The land belongs to the crown. (crown = king
/ queen / royal family / monarchy) Empty pockets never held anyone back. Only
empty heads and empty hearts can do that. (Norman Vincent Peale) (empty pockets = poverty; empty heads = ignorance / dullness / density; empty hearts = unkindness / coldness)
the spit-and-polish command post (meaning: shiny clean)
The name of one thing is applied to another thing with which it is closely associated: “I love Shakespeare.”
Metonymy
a word whose sound (the way it is pronounced) imitates the meaning.Examples: “roar,” “murmur,” “tintinnabulation.”
Onomatopoeia
Figure of speech containing two conflicting terms.(See examples on next slide)
Oxymoron
Found missing Resident alienGenuine imitation Good griefSame difference Alone togetherSilent scream Living dead Small crowd Soft rock Butt Head New classicSweet sorrow "Now, then ..." Passive aggression Taped live Clearly misunderstood Extinct Life Plastic glasses Terribly pleased Pretty ugly Working vacation
Oxymoron Examples
Personification
Inanimate objects have human characteristics.“The wind cried in the
dark.”“The leaves were
dancing in the trees.” To Kill a Mockingbird
SimileA figure of speech in
which like or as is used to make a comparison between two basically unlike ideas. Example: Claire is as
flighty as a sparrow.
http://www.abcteach.com/circus/images/simile10.gif
Symbol(ism)Anything that stands
for or represents something else. An object that serves as a symbol has its own meaning, but also represents abstract ideas.
http://wynn.house.gov/images/American%20Flag.gif
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This is a form of metaphor. A part or something that is used
to the signify the whole: “Turning our long boat round […] on the
last morning required all hands on deck” (hands = people) (4)
Whole used instead of a part: Troops halt the drivers (troops = soldiers) “Canada played the United States in the
Olympic Hockey finals.”The container representing the
thing being contained: “The pot is boiling”
The material from which an object is made stands for the object itself: “The quarterback tossed the pigskin.”
Synecdoche
A word choice intended to convey a certain effect.
Example: “It was easy to use that laptop” or “It was effortless using that laptop”
Diction
A word that contains a set of ideas associated with it in addition to its explicit meaning. Based on the word, it can be personal and/or based on individual experiences.
Example: “My bad” or “Sorry”
“House” or “Home”
Connotation
Tone
The writer or speaker’s attitude toward a subject, character, or audience, and it is conveyed through the author’s choice of words and detail. Tone can be formal or informal, serious or playful, bitter or ironic, indignant, objective, etc.
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ForeshadowingThe use in a literary work of
clues that suggest events that have yet to occur (future action). Use of this technique helps to create suspense, keeping readers wondering and speculating about what will happen next.
htt://www.hyperborea.org/journal/images/foreshadowing.jpg
Irony
The general term for literary techniques that portray differences between appearance and reality, expectation and result, or meaning and intention.
Implies a twist. http://kilby.sac.on.ca/towerslibrary/pages/users/DVD%20-%20Romeo%20&%20Juliet%20(Hollywood).jpg
Verbal IronyWords are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant.
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Dramatic IronyThere is a
contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader or audience knows to be true.
http://www.sunnews.com/images/2003/0821/jasonRGB.jpg
Situational Irony
An event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the reader, or the audience.
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ImageryThe descriptive or
figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader. These pictures or images, are created by details of sight (visual) – p. 678, sound (auditory), taste (gustatory), touch (tactile), smell (olfactory), movement (kinesthetic), or internal (organic).
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http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20050601/a798_129.SMELL.JPG
MoodAlso known as
atmosphere, is the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage. Usually it is created by the suggestive descriptive details. It can sometimes be described by a single word, such as lighthearted, frightening or despairing.
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Allegorya literary work that
has a second meaning beneath the surface, often relating to a fixed, corresponding idea or moral principle.
Alter EgoA literary character
or narrator who is a thinly disguised representation of the author, poet, or playwright creating a work.
Anaphora Repetition of a word, phrase, or
clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer’s point more coherent.
Example: *We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. Churchill. http://www.crab.rutgers.edu/~awoll/churchill.jpg
Ellipsis deliberate omission of a word or of words which are readily implied by the context.
And he to England shall along with you. from Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 3
Red light means stop; a green light, go.
Foil a foil is a character who provides a contrast to another character. In Frankenstein, Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein are foils.