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TRANSCRIPT
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Fundamentals of Programming
(FOP)
Instructor: Adeela [email protected], [email protected]
Military College of Signals, Rawalpindi
Lecture 1A
Basics of C++ Programming
13 September 2013
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What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that can followinstructionsto
Accept input (data)
Process that input
Produce output (information)
Data is raw, unorganized factsthat need to be processed. Datacan be something simple andseemingly random and useless
until it is organized
When data is processed,organized, structured orpresented in a given context soas to make it useful, it is called
Information
Each student's test score The class' average score or the
school's average score
For Example For Example
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What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operatingunder the control of instructions (software) stored
in its own memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate data (process), and produce
information (output) from the processing Generally, the term is used to describe a collection
of devices that function together as a system
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What does a Computer do?
Computers perform four general operations, which
make up the information processing cycle
Input Process
Output
Storage
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/information-processing-cycle.html
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Devices that Comprise a Computer
System
Printer(output)
Monitor(output)
Speaker(output)
Scanner(input)
Mouse(input)
Keyboard(input)
System Unit
(processor, memory)
Storage Devices
(CD-RW, Floppy,Hard disk etc)
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Computer Programs
The ProgrammerThe Computer
Programmer writes aset of instructions
for Computer
This set is called aComputer Program
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Programming Languages
Programmers write these instructions in different
programming languages.
Programming Languages
Requiring intermediate translationsteps
Directly understandable byComputer
Machine Languages Assembly Languages High Level Languages
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Programming Languages
Machine Languages Strings of 0s and 1s
Directly understandable by computer
Defined by hardware of the machine
Hard for human beings to learn, error prone
Slow programming
Assembly Languages
English like abbreviations
Not directly understandable by computer, hence required translator
programs called Assemblers
Relatively easier for human beings to learn
Slightly faster programming
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Programming Languages
High Level Languages Developed for fast and speedy programming
Not directly understandable by computer, hence required translator
programs called Compilers
Not dependant on hardware of the machine (mostly) Easy to learn, less chances of error
Fast programming
Interpreters are another important category of translator programs
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Why C++
C is a language designed by and for programmers
C++ is an expanded and enhanced version of C
Programming Language
It is the language of choice for professional programmersworldwide
Once mastered, C++ will give you complete control over
the computer C++ is, above all, the most powerful programming
language ever invented!!!
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Compiler
C++ Program
int main() {
int i=1;
. . .
Machine
Language
Program
01001001
10010100
C++ Compiler
(e.g. g++)
Created with text editor or
development environment
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The C++ Standard Library
C++ programs consist of pieces/modules called classes andfunctions
A programmer can create his own functions
Advantage: the programmer knows exactly how it works
Disadvantage: time consuming
Programmers will often use the C++ library functions
Use these as building blocks
Avoid re-inventing the wheel
If a pre-made function exists, generally best to use it rather than writeyour own
Library functions carefully written, efficient, and portable
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Study Material
Text Book : Chapter 1