FoodEquality

Role of DevelopedCountries

Education EnvironmentalSustainability

Development Index

Oceania2020

Medicine

Olivia TogherRudy PercivalDan WittMolly WickettAmelia Godwin

‘Freedom is the future, and the future is Freedom.’

The 8 MDG’s:The 8 millennium goals are 8 specifictargets that the United Nations aim to achieve by 2015, and they include goals to eliminate poverty and to improve the conditions of many third world countries. The 8 MDGs, as listed in the right-hand corner, were created in 2000, and the United Nations aimed to achieve all 8 by 2015. They were set to try to reach a higher standard of living across the globe. They were also set as we have vast accomplishments in the fields of science and medicine, but we have still not set up safety nets across the globe to protect against pain, hunger, poverty and disease. The MDG’s are trying to establish a global effort to set up these safety nets. Unfortunately, not all countries have been participating to a suitable effort. We aim to involve all countries in the MDG’s, however putting more emphasise and responsibilities on richer, wealthier and developed countries; we have more resources and stronger facilities than developing countries.

They intended to reach goal number 1 (eradicating extreme poverty and hunger) by helping people who are trying to make a living in poorer countries by helping them make a living so they can make money to buy there own food. They Intended to reach goal 2 (achieve universal primary education), and they are doing this by setting up more primary schools in poorer areas. This is to offer people a better education so that they can earn a job when they are older and Re-instate there financial situation. They are trying to achieve MDG goal 3 (promote gender equality and empower women) and they are doing this by encouraging people to employ women. The United Nations desperately want to achieve this, as if they do not, it can hold back all of the other goals. They are trying to achieve MDG goal 5 by reducing the cost of medicine and bring in more doctors into poorer areas. They are trying to achieve MDG goal 6 by trying to develop a vaccination for HIV, aids and malaria to eliminate these diseases. The united nations are trying to achieve MDG goal 7 by encouraging countries to use more renewable sources and use less un-renewable sources. The UN are trying to achieve MDG goal 8 by establishing stronger connections between countries.

Information from:

• www.un.org/millenniumgoals/• www.unicef.org.uk/get-involved

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger: This first goal consisted of 3 main targets which included halving the proportion of people who had an income of less than $1, employing more people, and halving the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. The progress made in eastern Asia for this goal has been excellent. However, areas such as Western Asia and Oceania have not been substantial. Therefore works needs to be done to improves amounts of poverty and starvation in those places.

The progress made towards the 8 MDGs:2. Achieve Universal Primary Education:This second goal was put in place so that millions of young people had the opportunity to have an education and the chance to have a good job when they are older. Areas such as North Africa and Eastern Asia have improved their education systems, and countries have trained more than 3 million additional teachers, built or renovated more than 2 million classrooms for 105 million children, and purchased or distributed about 300 million textbooks. On the other hand, places such as Caucasus and Central Asia have made poor progress and in some cases their education systems have deteriorated. Consequently, it is obvious that more attention needs to be given to these countries to ensure that they are receiving the vital amount of care they need.

3. Promote Gender Equality And Empower Women: This goal was made so that women all over the world had a chance to stand up for themselves and have the same opportunities that men had. Progress made in Latin America, the Caribbean, Caucasus and Central Asia has been very positive, because although Girls still spend fewer years in schoolthan boys, but the gap is closing. On the contrary, Oceania’s progress is unsatisfactory, because boys still heavily outnumber girls in tertiary education.

This picture is from ‘World Mapper’ a site which portrays world facts on maps. This map shows the amount of poverty around the world.

This map is also from world mapper, and it shows the amount of people in the world attending tertiary education. It shows that Southern and Central Africa had a ridiculously low amount of people in tertiary education. On the other hand, America and Europe has a vast amount of people in education. Information from: sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmapper/

7. Ensure environmental sustainability:This seventh goal was created so that in the future, we can still use the resources we want and care for our environment at the same time. Northern Africa showed a vast improvement, whereas Oceania deteriorated rapidly.

8. Develop a global partnership for development:This is a goal to try and achieve a global partnership for development and to share any discoveries created. This is important because it forms greater bonds between countries, progresses their knowledge, and is helps to prevent disputes.

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases: This aim was desperately needed, because it is a problem that is raised often, and is never actually targeted. Many people die everyday due to diseases such as malaria, cholera and tuberculosis. Caucasus and Central Asia’s progress is extremely poor, with the halt/reverse of diseases deteriorating. Southern Asia and Oceania are showing great progress, which means that we don’t need to concentrate on helping them further.

5. Improve maternal health:This fifth goal was created so that women in childbirth had a good chance of survival, and so that they are helped during the early stages of motherhood. Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania are showing the least progress, therefore it is a noted are to work on. Eastern Asia is showing a brilliant progression, and there is a low mortality rate and high access to suitable birthing hospitals etc.

4. Reduce Child Mortality:This goal aimed to reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the mortality rate of children under five. Many places such as Northern Africa and Eastern Asia have shown considerable progress, and almost one third of the 49 least developed countries have managed to reduce their under five mortality rates by 40 per cent or more over the past twenty years. Unlike most of the other goals, this one has been achieved at least partially by every area.

This map shows child mortality, and it is clear that in places such as Asia and Africa, many places worldwide suffer from high child mortality.

This map is showing the places in the world that have a greater tendency to fall victim to diseases, for example South and Central Africa and India,

This map is showing that areas such as Africa and India have a lower accessibility to suitable birthing hospitals, whereas wealthier, more developed countries such as the U.S.A and Europe have higher rates.

Who are the Stake Holders?

This mind map illustrates the various parties who are interested and effected by the current MDG’s.

When we were designing our MDG’s, we considered the current stakeholders and thought of ways to include them and others. We then came up with what we thought the most important points were, which was how we came up with our 7, most important goals.

After reviewing the progress of the current goals, we have devised our own aims that we think are most important and achievable. We have sorted them into 7 points, calling the goals ‘Freedom.’ They are the following:

Food EqualityRole of developed countryEducational opportunity Environmental sustainability Development indexOceaniaMedicine

Freedom by 2020

We decided to call it Freedom 2020, because it covers all our major points and what we aim to achieve for the future. We also think that the word ‘Freedom’ really represents our campaign and our hopes. We chose to make the goals achievable by 2020 because the date is iconic and memorable. We also thought that the shorter time frame, although challenging, will be a bigger incentive and will keep the attention of communities all over the world.

By looking at the 8 MDGs, we have decided that it was best to choose only 7 goals that could receive more attention, therefore would be more likely to be achieved. The 7 goals that we have chosen are made up of basic points that are commonly reviewed, but there is rarely any action or impact.

In the following slides we will explain each of our key points in ‘Freedom’ in more detail .

Our ideas for the future:

We chose these goals because we thought these were the issues that could still be improved from the 2015 goals.

FR E E DOM

ood Equality – In the UK we throw away 30% of our food yet 1 billion people in the world are on the brink of starvation. Is this right? Therefore we aim to gain food equality, distributing food resources equally across the globe. In order do this we aim to reduce waste, create food banks, support farmers , invest in fair trade, no cash crops and develop agricultural technology.

ole of Developed Countries – We believe that developed countries have a certain amount of responsibility in helping to eradicate poverty. While countries such as the UK and the USA are thriving and growing, others are struggling helplessly with problems such as disease, starvation and drought. We need them to recognise this responsibility and support the MDG’s of the future and support developing countries as they make these improvements. But what’s in it for them? As developing countries progress world trade links and partnerships will progress also, bringing benefit to all.

ducation – Education is the key to breaking the cycle of poverty. Education does not only improve the life of the individual, but it also strengthens the economy of the whole country and can help communities on a local scale to learn about agricultural techniques etcetera. On top of this it can help bring about gender equality. We would like a focus on secondary and tertiary education as a pose to previous focuses on primary.

nvironmental sustainability – This is important because we need future generations to have the same if not better opportunities than those today. Stakeholders have identified that consumption in developed countries is way too high, and for those countries which do not consume this much energy will suffer as a result of this.

evelopment Index – We decided that it is important to have a clear goal to aim for. The human development index is a scale from 0 to 1, 1 being the perfect score. It takes into account life expectancy, education and income indices. We aim for all countries to have a score of 0.5 by 2020.

ceania – Oceania will be used as the host country for the launch of the new MDG’s because by looking at the progress made from the 2015 goals they have done the worst. We would like the world to focus their attention on them as an example of a continent that can improve.

edicine – Poor healthcare contributes majorly to the poverty cycle and most of the diseases that threaten these countries are easily preventable. We aim to make vaccination compulsory in all communities and accessible to even the most rural communities. We would like the World Health Organisation to support these countries in improving healthcare. Obviously improving medicine is an incredibly expensive feat. So we are looking to charities to contribute and perhaps sponsorship from multinational companies such as Glaxo Smith Klein.

FREEDOM 2020: Our goals:

Food equality and Role of developed countries:

How are we going to achieve food equality: - We will begin with a campaign in developed countries to reduce waste. By appealing to individuals and companies we can go straight to the source of the issue to decrease the amount of wasted food in developed countries.- We will distribute food resources more equally across the world by introducing policies restraining developed from importing cash crops or more food than they reasonably need for their population. - Creating food banks in developing countries can help the people who need it most to eat on a daily basis. We will work with charities like the United Nations World Food Programme.- Many fair trade schemes have improved life for people in developing countries, so we’d put into place more legal action and laws to ensure fair trade worldwide occurs, not just in fair trade companies.- We also want to support farmers worldwide by investing in new agricultural technology (such as research into Genetically Modified crops which resist disease) and in the farmers themselves, with more training schemes. We want to make sure we are creating enough food for everyone – not just for the current people in the world but for our increasing population too.

Role of developed countries:- A massive worldwide campaign will be launched to raise awareness about the points of issue in the developing countries and how we need the people to help us (mentioned in the following sentences).- Countries such as Denmark, Norway and Sweden which have massive amounts of money relative to their population and so are looked upon to lead the way in aiding developing countries along with countries like Australia, New Zealand, USA and the UK. - Strong targets need to be set as positive incentives for countries to reach. For example, developed countries such as the USA and the United Kingdom should aim to give at least 1% of their national income. Countries which cannot afford to give vast amounts of money shall be encouraged to give what they can, and we will continue to assure that money is being contributed from rich economies.

- We aim for gender equality in schools – both boys and girls having the same access to education. By educating the females of the world we can break the cycle of poverty, making sustainable changes to families in poverty. 50 million twelve year old girls are currently in poverty. This puts them at risk of early pregnancy, prostitution and HIV. - By staying in education beyond the age of twelve we can make changes to the cycle. We would like to see secondary education made universal and compulsory. - We would also like to see a rise in tertiary education.- A big problem we face when trying to put these goals into action is that many people in poverty will not be able to afford education and may not want to sacrifice an extra pair of hands in the home to school. Therefore we would like governments to subsidise education where possible and encourage families to realise that education is an investment into their child’s future.

Children who receive secondary education will ‘have healthier children, and earn better incomes that will benefit themselves, their families, communities and nations.’ (The Guardian)

Education

Environmental sustainability

- Firstly we would like an action plan, focusing on sustainability, to be signed by all countries. This will help to ensure that all countries are fully involved, and are committed to improving thee world’s sustainability.

- We would like stronger campaigns that include replacing trees in forests, and protecting natural habitats. ‘At the moment, the world has missed the 2010 target for biodiversity conservation. Based on current trends, the loss of species will continue

Education and Environmental sustainability:

throughout this century.’ (United Nations.) We will also set up more animal sanctuaries to protect endangered species, and once there are more animals, they can be safely released back in to the wild. Further more, certain forests shall be protected so that the trees cannot be used for logging or be cut down. These improvements will ensure that our future will be environmentally friendly, and now we can meet the needs of today without impairing the ability to meet the needs of tomorrow.

These two pictures show the lack of environmental sustainability in third world countries. No care is being taken to consider their environment, but we can improve the conditions by planting more forests and making sure that waste is not being disposed of carelessly.

-- Development Index is a combination of all important criteria's which countries are aiming for; health, education, income, launched in 1990. Our goal for this is for every country to have a Development Index of at least 0.5, or even higher! Currently, some countries (such as third world countries) are lagging behind and have extremely low Development Indexes. For example, Niger, which despite an increase of 0.124 between the period of 1980 – 2012 has still one of the lowest Development Indicators; 0.304.

-- Our intent is to raise these low development Indexes to at least 0.5 overall, as I mentioned previously in the above. We are going to do this by installing more hospitals (improving hygiene and preventing disease), set up more schools(progressing further in education as to build a better life in the future), employing more people into fair work(so that unfortunate people who live in poverty can begin to reconstruct their economy state and providing better job opportunities), and train more doctors in rural areas. People could even be employed into the building of the hospitals and schools. Yes, this will cost money, but it is money that we can afford and they cannot.

-We have selected Oceania in which to hold the opening launch ceremony. Although this will cost money, it will bring in further tourism and give their economy a boost .-We chose to do this because Oceania were barely involved in the MDG’s and made slow, if any, progress. It will contribute to the awareness of the goals, the need to complete them and we also want representation for the countries in the southern hemisphere. Research shows that Oceania's involvement involvement in ensuring environmental sustainability is very poor, therefore we need to concentrate on improving their surroundings. Although they prove to have substantial progress in combating diseases, extreme poverty and hunger conditions are deteriorating. Where almost every continent has either parity, or close parity on Goal 3 –promote gender equality and empower women (equal girl’s enrolment in primary schools) – Oceania has made no progress and is away from Parity. These examples affirm that we desperately need to involve Oceania in our targets! -Lastly, we believe that it is important to begin to trade with developing countries to build up their own economy, so that they do not continue to sell their goods to rich countries. If they trade with many countries independently, they can start to build up their own trading empires, hopefully bring them out of poverty.

Improving the Development index of many countries:

Involving Oceania:

This map show all the countries and Islands within Oceania. It is clear that Oceania have not been involved with the current MDG’s, therefore with our aims, we hope to get them inspired and engaged.

Medicine

-We aim to try and lower the amount of people who are stuck; either without or not able to afford a doctor or medicine.-We will try to make vaccinations compulsory and make them cheaper for developing countries to produce and deploy them.-Every year 15 million children are orphaned due to HIV/aids. (This is similar to the amount of children living in Germany or the UK.) This is due to a lack of knowledge about how these diseases are transmitted and a lack easily attainable medicine.-In Botswana, the average life expectancy has dropped to below 40. This is due to a lack of medicinal aid, which could easily be provided. -Producing an effective malaria vaccine is a major goal of modern medicine. But is no easy task. No one has ever created a vaccine that works against a parasite, although decades have been spent trying. Many substances have been found that kill the malaria parasites but so far none have been found that kill it without harming the humans who take it. We want to invest more in this field. We are going to try and combat malaria by making mosquito nets cheaper and accessible.-We will try and achieve some of these goals by putting more money and research into the development and deployment of vaccination. We will also try and make vaccination cheaper and more affordable for developing countries.-We are also going to try and promote the world health organisation which focuses on trying to raise the average health index of developing countries. We will promote them by trying to get pharmaceutical organisations to sponsor the development of vaccinations. -We are trying to increase medicinal aid in developing countries by sending doctors to developing countries to try and teach more people in developing countries basic aid. We are going to fund this by appealing to existing charities to help fund the project.

This picture shows different problems caused by lack of medical care. It is obvious that trachoma is a huge problem in areas such as Africa and Asia.

Bibliography

Video clips•Oxfam – Video interview with Duncan Green•Save the Children – Video interview with Nuria Molina•WWF – Video interview with Dominic White•Shape the Future

Websiteswww.coolgeography.comwww.countercurrents.orgwww.endpoverty2015.orgwww.factsanddetails.comwww.gapfinder.orgwww.gendercenter.orgwww.girleffect.orgwww.globalissues.orgwww.greenpeace.orgwww.guardian.co.ukwww.johomaps.comwww.justgiving.orgwww.oxfam.comwww.tdrelectronicrecycling.comwww.un.comwww.undp.orgwww.unicef.comwww.who.intwww.wikipedia.comwww.wordle.comwww.worldmapper.comwww.youtube.com

Books•Thesaurus•Collins dictionary•World Atlas•Geog.3- Oxford, New Edition.