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Food Consuming CanadaTRANSCRIPT
Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 February 2013
The Accessibility Imperative for e-Health: Demographic Realities and
Barriers to Usage
Axel LebloisPresident and Executive Director,
ITU Workshop on “E-health services in low-resource settings:
Requirements and ITU role”(Tokyo, Japan, 4-5 February 2013)
Topics
1. Disability and ICT Accessibility2. Demographic data points for e-
Health applications and services3. Global legislative and regulatory
agenda 4. Recommendations
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Persons with Disabilities
Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
Source: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Art. 1
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What Does Accessible ICTs Mean for Persons with Disabilities?
Accessibility means what the user requires to gain functional access to ICT:
Perceives the informationUnderstands itCan act upon it
Sensorial, cognitive and physical disabilities: well documented barriers (ISO, ITU definitions of Human Factors)Accessible solutions are available for TV, mobile phones, Computers, web sites, fixed phones, kiosks, electronic documents
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Example of Alternative Modes of Communication for Mobile
VisualText-to-Speech for Menus, SMS and email
HearingVideo Relay Service with sign language
Speech Peer-to-peer video for sign language
DexterityWireless switches or voice recognition for controls and input
CognitionIcon interfaces
Who Risks to Be Excluded from e-Health Services?
One billion persons live with a disability, 2/3 with a severe disability*80% in the developing worldStrong correlation with povertyOver half of persons aged 65+ live with a disability, fast growing population segment**Disability affects all age groups: 13.2% of all public school students K to 12 in the United States live with a disability***
*WHO World Bank Report on Disability 2011
**US Census Bureau
***US Department of Education
57% of Microsoft Windows Users Likely to Benefit from its Accessibility Features
57% of adult computer users (age 18-64 in the US) are likely or very likely to benefit from accessibility features
1 in 4 users experiences a visual difficulty.
1 in 4 experience pain in wrists or hands.
1 in 5 has a hearing difficulty.Study commissioned by Microsoft, Study commissioned by Microsoft,
Conducted by Forrester Research Conducted by Forrester Research in 2003 in 2003
Not likelyto benefit
43%
Very likelyto benefit
17% Likelyto benefit
40%
“People with disabilities are often invisible in official statistics”
Source: UNESCO, Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2006
Many Countries Lack Proper Statistics as Evidenced by Inconsistent National Data
Caused by Types of Questions Yielding Widely Different Disability Rates
Evidence of Exclusion: Gaps in Broadband Adoption by Persons with Disabilities
• One third of the U.S. population has not adopted broadband at home although it is available in most cases
• 39% of those non adopters have some type of disability, more than twice the proportion of Americans living with a disability: 15%
• Only 35 percent of Senior citizens (those over the age of 65) have broadband-at-home
• Similar gaps in other countries: UK, close to 50% of non adopters live with disabilities, Korea, 25% gap.
Source: FCC Report by John Horrigan, February 2010
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Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 13, 2006 after 5 years of international multi-stakeholders negotiations156 Countries signatures, 126 ratificationsArticle 9 defines accessibility obligations including ICTsArticle 25 defines the Rights to Health for Persons with Disabilities
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
ICT Accessibility: a Prerequisite for Persons with Disabilities to Exercise
their Rights
Preamble (v): “Recognizing the importance of accessibility
to the physical, social, economic and cultural environment, to health and education and to information and communication, in enabling persons with disabilities to fully enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms”.
Right to Health without Discrimination Requires e-Health to be Accessible
States Parties recognize that persons with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability (Article 25 on Health)
Denial of “Reasonable Accommodation” which includes ICTs, equals discrimination (Article 2 on Definitions)
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Global Impact of CRPD ICT Accessibility Obligations for e-Health
e-Health Accessibility Policies Lagging Behind other Areas
Percentage of Countries with Existing ICT Accessibility Policies in Specific Areas
Source: G3ict CRPD ICT Accessibility Progress Report 2012 – 52 countries
Primary and Secondary Education 55.3%Rehabilitation Services 53.3%Reasonable Accommodation at Workplace 53.2%Higher Education 52.2%Community Services 44.4%Independent Living 43.5%Emergency Response Services 38.3%Voting systems 37.0%Health Services 29.5%Judicial Information and Legal Procedure 25.6%
Recommendations
Develop WHO-ITU joint guidelines for e-Health accessibilityG3ict/UNITE available to assist with ITU-DEnsure that ICT accessibility is required when procuring e-Health projects
Leverage standards for:Web accessibilityElectronic documents accessibilityMobile accessibilityFixed line telephony accessibility
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Appendixes
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G3ict Mission
“To Facilitate the Implementation of the ICT Accessibility dispositions of the
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”
G3ict – ITU Toolkit for Policy Makers
Georgia: A Hub for Digital Accessibility InnovationAtlanta, Georgia, USA, 1 October 2008
G3ict Web Resources1. www.g3ict.org
PublicationsCRPD Progress ReportMeeting proceedings
2. www.e-acessibilitytoolkit.orgG3ict – ITU Toolkit for Policy Makers
3. www.m-enabling.com G3ict summit to promote accessible mobile
Making TV Accessible Report
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/sis/PwDs/index.phtml
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•Prepared by Peter Looms, Chairman of ITU-T Focus Group on Audiovisual Media Accessibility•Looks at how TV can be made more accessible•Timely given the transition from analogue to digital TV
Making Mobile Phones and Services Accessible Report
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/sis/PwDs/index.phtml
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•Prepared by a team of experts•Explains in concrete terms, what is meant by accessible mobile phones•Developments in accessible mobile apps•Business opportunities and case studies•Policy guidelines
Useful ReferencesUN Washington Group on Disability Statistics Measuring Disability Prevalence, D. Mont et al, World Bank, March 2007Making Inclusion Operational: Legal and Institutional Resources for World Bank Staff on the Inclusion of Disability Issues in Investment Projects, K. Guernsey et al, World Bank, October 2006Beyond compliance: Business advantage of accessibility, IBM Executive brief, Human Ability and Accessibility Center, 2007 G3ict CRPD ICT Accessibility Progress Report www.g3ict.org ITU – G3ict Policy Toolkit for Policy Makers: www.e-accessibilitytoolkit.org ITU – G3ict accessibility guides: www.g3ict.org