(folk arts in visayas)

8/10/2019 (Folk Arts in Visayas)

1/25


2/25

Panay Is composed of the provinces of Iloilo,

Antique, Aklan, Capiz, and the islandof Guimaras.

Ten Bornean datus who fled from thedespotic rule of Sultan Makatunaw.

-That the first inhabitants are the Atiheaded by Chief Marikudo.

In the barrier of Aninipay, Marikudosold the island of Panay to the tenBornean datus for a piece of goldensalakot.

The barrier is celebrated in theFestival of Ati-atihan in Kalibo, Aklan ;Dinagyang in Iloilo, and Binarayan in

Antique. Showcase: products, artistry,

creativity and craftsmanship.

Panay was named by Miguel LopezDe Legazpi, after experiencing foodscarcity in Cebu. Panay: there isfood in Spanish.

The code of Kalantiaw , the epic ofHinilawod , the legend of ten Bornean

datus in the epic of Maragtas.

Cloth weaving in Aklan and Oton, Iloilo


3/25

Arts and Crafts Weaving is the primary form of arts and

crafts. Iloilo- weaving Patadyong; is a wrap

around piece of cloth worn by women.Colorful and features linear andgeometric designs.

Hand weaving ofpatadyong and hablonis in Miag-ao, Iloilo. It is used w/handlooms.

Paghahabol (weaving in Badiangan)

Jusi and Pinya (from indigenous

textile) popular at the 19th century.Introduce by the cheap cotton cloth from thewest, dominated by the local textile.Combined w/ farming by weeding the fieldsand feeding animals.

Iloilo w/ weaving communities. (Arevalo,Jaro, Molo)

Aklan weaving, extraction of fibers frompineapple leaves. (2 months to prepare)

Process: snap the short leavesremovethe thoruy sides and scraped w/ a

broken china plate and pummeled byhand to reveal the 1stset offibers(bastos). Scraped w/ coconut shellto get the finer linawan fibers. Whenabout thousand leaves is scrapedwashedpartially sundriedwrungbeaten by a bamboo stick to separate

the fibersfine fibers are line-driedusing a hair-combtied on both endscut by a bamboo stickcoiled in a claypot w/ sands.


4/25

Negros Island

Buglas, old name of Negros Highest peak is Mt. Kanlaon.

Island of so many Festivals;Maskara Festival.

Arts and Crafts Weaving; roofing materials, walls,

hats and baskets using pandan andburi leaves.

Pinya weaving in Bacolod,materials are imported to Aklan.

Sinamay weaving in Valencia,Negros Occidental. Sinamay ismade from abaca (Musa textiles)

twine indigenous plant similar tobanana.

Sinamay

Bamboo wali materialPinyaBarong


5/25

In Aklan weaving; Baskets, trays,mats is popular. They used pandanand bariw to make their products.

Pagrarara (banig or mat weaving.) Preparation to make a mat;

gathering of bariw leaves usingsangget - remove the thorny sidesof leaves by bukog - tie the leavestogether - sundry for two to threedays. When the bariware alreadydeep brown - pound in a process of

palpag

until the leaves becomesofttie into bundlespoundedagain before stripping them into asimple machine w/ blades calledbalbalan. The strips are thenarranged to make a kiyapisthat willserve as a framework for a mat

called taytaybeforepagpapara willtake place. Then the weaver canstart the process ofpagrarara.

Kapis shell, craft in Panayparticularly in Aklan and Iloilo. Usedfor; lamps, decors, trays, souvenir

items.

Patadyongcloth

Capiz shell

Lotus candle holder made from Capiz shell


6/25

Cebu Oldest settlement established by

Spaniards, and second mostimportant metropolitan center of thePhilippines.

A.K.A. Queen City of the South,City of Fashion and Designs,ASEAN City of Culture/ASEANCultural City.

Popular in many crafts leadingexporter of world-class furniture inSoutheast Asia.

Dubbed as Milan of Asia.

ARTS and CRAFTS Vito Selma, Debbic Palao, Kenneth

Cobonpue, popular in the field of artsand crafts.

Coconut shells, shells, bariw, rattan,capiz and wood, materials used byCebu artists.

Fashion jewelries made of woods,stones, and metals are among thehighly priced products.

Guitars from Cebu are also popular.

Furniture design by Vito Selma made from rattan andother materials

Guitars in Cebu


7/25

Samar, Leyte and Biliran The of Samar and Leyte speak

Cebuano, Waray-waray and otherlanguages; English and Filipino arewidely understood.

Kasadyaan Festival City; colors,beauty and artistry.

Arts and Crafts Samar is known for its hand woven

banig that are made from tikog leaves. Tikog; waray term for bariw or

romblon. There are two process in making

banig; lara and burda. They also make baskets, bags, and

other containers.

A delicacy known aspu-so or bodbodtheir weaving in Culinary arts.

Pu-so, made from glutinous ricewrapped in a carefully woven youngcoconut leaves or talbos. This

weaving practice is also in;plain rice,puto, bibingka, and molido.

Pu-so

An old man weaving a basket


8/25

Bohol and Siquijor Is known for its beautiful sceneries,

exotic foods, rare animals; malmag ortarsier considered to be the smallestprimate, old churches, and basketry.

Chocolate hills, Legend tells that thishills are from the tears of grief giantwhen his love has been turned down byan ordinary women in the area. Green

during spring but chocolate mounds bysummer. Siquijor; famous for its beaches and

diving spots.

Arts and Crafts Basketry is in Antequera, most of the

weavers are women. They sold thisbaskets in Cebu, Manila and TagbilaranCity.

The municipality of Tubigon is knownto be the loom weaving center of theprovince.

Old Spanish Church in Bohol

Tarsier Chocolate Hills

Weaving pattern; basket (diamond and flower motif)


9/25

Mindoro Principal language of Mindoro is

Tagalog, it has been alsoinfluenced by the native Visayanand Mangyan languages.

It has been called Mai or Mait byChinese traders, by Spaniards as

Mina De Oro (Mine of gold). Hanuno. language spoken by

Mangyans.

Also home to the Tamaraw orMindoro dwarf buffalo(Bubalusmindorensis).

Division: The island was once asingle province from 19201950. On June 13,1950, by virtueof Republic Act no. 505, Mindoro

was divided into:

Oriental Mindoro Calapan Citythe only City in

the island; provincial capital. Rice Granary and Fruit Basket of

Southern Tagalog.

Banana King and Calamansi Kingof the region.

Home of Indigenous MangyansIts capital is Mamburao andOccupies the western half of theisland of Mindoro.


10/25


11/25

Mangyan Culture Mangyan cultural practices are in

danger of vanishing because of theinfluence of modern lowland

culture. The literature of thedifferent Mangyan groups are sortdocumentation; thus, mainstreamsociety lacks awareness of thebeauty of Mangyan culture and itsrelevance to Filipino culture as a

whole.

Terminologies Damuongthe non-Mangyan

groups.

Hanunuothey consideredthemselves as real, true or genuineMangyan.

Urukoywords of wisdom chantedon festive occasion by elders of thetribe.

Lukabamboo tube wherein theambahan is carved out.

Tau-buidMangyan

traditional house


12/25

The MangyanPeople

Mangyan Groups

There are around 300 millionindigenous peoples in the world. In

the Philippines, of the projectedpopulation of 94 million in 2010, about15% belong to indigenous groups.

Mangyan is the collective name for

the eight indigenous groups livingon Mindoro, each with its ownname, language, and set ofcustoms:

Iraya

Alangan

Tadyawan

Tau-buid

Bangon Buhid

Hanunuo

Ratagnon


13/25

The Mangyan of SouthernMindoro, Philippines, arestill practicing a pre-Spanish

syllabic writing system that was ingeneral use all over the Philippines

at the arrival of the Spaniards in the16thcentury.

The Mangyan script, together withthe Northern-Buhid in Mindoro and

the Palawan scripts have beendeclared by the National Museumas National Cultural Treasure on

December 9, 1997.


14/25

The ambahanis thetraditional poetry ofthe HanunuoMangyansof OrientalMindoro. It is usually

written on bamboo inthe Surat Mangyan,a centuries-old pre-Spanish script. Thesyllabic script andthe ambahan poetryhave complementedeach other,contributing to theircontinued existencetoday.

Characteristics ofAmbahan

It is a rhythmic poetic

expression with a meter ofseven syllabic lines.

Each line rhymed at the end. It is most often presented as

a chant without a determinedmusical pitch or

accompaniment by musicalinstruments. An expression in a riddle-like

form or in allegorical manner. Varied in length and

complexity; for children it is

short and simple, for adult itis lengthier and complicated. Preserved by way of

inscribing them on bambootubes.

Song contented were wide

range based on daily lifeevents.


15/25

Amang bansayfather

Inang suyong mother

Danom kagnan water

Balay labag house

Niyog bu-anay coconut

Bagaw duyantalk


16/25

Iyayalullaby

Ayung or Ngayungritual chant

IgwayMangyan province music

Marayawspirit song

Pamuybuyen(legend)it means fear of water


17/25

Bangsiis an external duct flute,which has chip glued on to tube ofthe flute.

Gitgita three-stringed indigenousviolin with human hair for strings.

Lantoyis a nose flute.

Batiwtiwa bamboo instrumentfrom Mindoro about 40 cm long,played by striking the split end of abamboo against the left palm.

Kinaban or Subinga bamboojaws harp. The jaw harp is a slim

bamboo instrument approximately ofball-pen size, of different shapesand lengths varying from 10 cm to40 cm.

Kudlong or Kutiyapiis a two-stringed lute shaped like a boat. It

has wooden tightening rods andfrets made of beeswax.

Kudlunga parallel of two-stringedbamboo tube zither where thebamboo strings were stretched outof the tube itself.

Kalutangconsists of two pieces ofwood graduated in sizes to produce

different notes ranges. Buray-Dipaya bean-pod rattle

used with the kalutang instrument. Agungensemble consisting of two

light gongs played by two mensquatting on the floor. One plays the

gongs rim with padded sticks.


18/25

Marayaw as a genre of Iraya-Mangyan songs used to

communicate with spirits inrituals for healing the sick orprotecting the community.

The Maranaw was once seen

by the Iraya as a symbol ofpower or ones ability to cope

with the hazards of everyday lifeas well as a way where one

gains control over events for his

own advantage.

Music for the Hanunuo is a partof celebrating ordinary and

festive occasions;

Accompanying themselves withtheir instruments as they recitetheir love poems. During the

wedding rituals, song are sung,musical instruments are played,

food is eaten and wine is drunk.The songs of Mangyan arelullabies, recollection of war

exploits in distant past,lamentations, love lyrics and

stones based on persona.


19/25

Palawan The Calamianes Group of Islands to

the Northeast consists of; DuranganIslandalmost touches the westernmost part of Palawan, Balabac Island

located off the southern tip,separated from Borneo by the BalabacStrait.

Palawan covers the Cuyo Island in theSulu Sea, Spratly Islands. Considered

as part of Palawan by the Philippinesand locally called the Kalayaan Groupof Islands.

The largest province in thePhilippines, is home to severalindigenous ethno linguistic groups.

Peoples of Palawan1. Batakmeans Mountain people in

Cuyonon is a group of indigenouspeople that resides in the Northeastportion of Palawan. They live in a ruginteriors of Northeastern Palawan.

Living close to nature, they are apeaceful and shy people. This peoplebelieve in nature spirits, with whomthey communicate through a babaylanor medium.

2. PalaweosNative-born lowlanddwellers. They are religious,

disciplined and have a highlydeveloped community spirit.Language: Cuyonon & Agutaynen.

3. PalawanoA.K.A. Pala wan. Part ofthe large Manobo-based linguisticgroups of Southern Philippines. Huntusing soars and bamboo blowguns.

4. TagbanwaPeople of the worldfound in Central and NorthernPalawan. Central tagbanwa; they areconcentrated in the municipalities of

Aborlan, Quezon and PuertoPrincesa. Shifting cultivation of uplandrice, which is considered as divinegift, and are known for their wine ritual

calledpagdiwata.


20/25

IssuesThe struggles to save Palawan (known as the

Philippines Last Frontier) is not only about saving trees

and rare species. It is also about nourishing the Filipinocultural heritage, so powerfully represented by those

indigenous communities thatafter escaping Spanish andAmerican colonization (while resisting the new miningimperialism now) continue to represent the living rootsfrom which all Filipinos originate. Therefore, environmentalplundering by mining companies is not only a crimeagainst culture, a sort of genocide that annihilates the mostprofound roots of the Filipinos history and ultimately

plunders the cultural heritage of the whole nation!!!


21/25

Vocal Music1. Bagit

2. Kulial (Songs)

3. Tultul (Epic chant)

4. Ulit (Shamanic chant)

Instrumental Music1. Suling (banded flute)

2. Basal (gong)3. Kusyapiq (lute)

4. Pagang (bamboo zither)

5. Aruding (Jews harp)

6.Babarak (ring flute)

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.


22/25

The subtitle threads between Mankind andNature involve all our senses and moreparticularly our auditive sensitivity. Capturing

tonalities, rhythms, and melodies, we can like abird fly down from the celestial vault to the Earth,dwelling-place of highlander-islanders known asthe Palawan who live in the Southern part of the

island by the same name. this aural voyage willtake us to the realm of words, poetry, and musicas human creations which the Palawan uses tocommunicate in order to live harmoniously in thisworld.


23/25

Ulit (Shamanic chant)The shaman sings thedifficult experience of the voyage ofhis double, kuruduwa, by a specificchant, the lumbaga,whose melody

is in all points assimil able to anyepic melodic line . And it isprecisely the ordeals that the soulof the shaman overcomes in thecourse of his voyagethe

encounters with the Evil Doers,Lnggamor Sqitan, thediscussions, the bargainingengaged in with the invisibleBeingsthat constitute theshamanic chant.

Tultul (Epic chant) To singtultul is to bepossessed by a Tw Tultultuln.These Epic Heroes are a type of

humanity who live in the medianspace and intercede between

people on this Earth and mpugq.They are a Benevolent Humanityprotecting the Real Man. The act

of chanting thus doubles with theembodiment, in the very person ofthe bard, of these heroic and semi-

divine Beings. One can interpretthis relationship as an act ofpossession in which the bardbecomes a medium.

Epics are always chanted at night,ending and daybreak; it is forbidden to

sing when the sun shines and during theday.


24/25

In the Central West highlands, is the Palawan Island.One of the tribes in Palawan are the TAAGBANUAS. TheTagbanuas has retained their ancient culture. The

Calamianes Group of Islands who elaborate funeralcelebrations. Five days after interment, the relatives goesto the homes of the deceased to perform funeral rites.

Then the participants chant the Batac, a lengthysong recounting the significant adventures of a mythicalperson named DUMARACOL. The singing goes on forthree successive nights for evening till dawn.


25/25

(folk arts in visayas)

Documents