foldables fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise. make the back edge about 5 cm longer than the...

FoldablesFoldables

Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise. Make the back edge about 5 cm longer than the front edge.

1616

FoldablesFoldables

Turn the paper so the fold is on the bottom. Then fold it into thirds.

1616

FoldablesFoldables

Unfold and cut only the top layer along both folds to make three tabs.

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FoldablesFoldables

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Label the Foldable as shown.

FoldablesFoldables

As you read the chapter, list the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases under the appropriate tab. List some examples of each under the tab also.

Read for Main Ideas1616

Solids, Liquids, & Gases

I. States of Matter

Water present (not necessarily visible)in three states of matter

A. Solid -________ are as _____ _______ as _______particles

-5 states of matter (including neutron star matter)

close together possible

-________ are ____ in _____, cannot ______ _______, can only ______ in _____

particles held place change positionvibrate place

-_______ _______ _____ of ______ (except _____)highest density state matter water

-has _______ _____ and _______ _______definite shape definite volume

http://ww

w.hickerphoto.com

/iceberg-photo-6044-pictures.htm

-3 seating arrangements metaphor

Solid water is less dense than very cold liquid waterbecause its particles take on the regular, repeating,

geometric pattern of a crystal


I. States of Matter

B. Liquid -________ are as _____ _______ as _______particles close together possible

-________ are ____ ________, but can _____ to ______ ________, and are ____ to ____ (_____)

particles held together changeposition free flow

-___-_______ _______ _____ of ______ (except _____)highest density state matter water

-has _______ _______, but __ _______ _____, _______ _____ of ________

definite shapedefinitevolume

http://www.worldofstock.com/closeups/PRE2938.php

Particles of a liquid are about asclose together as those of a solid,but free to flow (change position)

movefluid

2nd

no assumesshape container


I. States of Matter

A. States of Matter -Cross-Linked Glue Viscosity Lab

A. Safety:

1. Hypothesis: What are the effects of creating cross-linkages between the molecules of a liquid?

2. Prediction:

3. Gather Data:

The reagents involved in this lab are of the kind typically found in the home. Use ordinary caution.

B. Procedure:

1. Use a 25-mL graduated cylinder to measure out 15 mL of tap water into a test tube. Add about 1 mL Sodium tetraborate (Borax) and shake vigorously. Allow undissolved particles to settle out.


I. States of Matter


3. Gather Data:

B. Procedure:

2. In a small beaker, mix thoroughly 20 mL tap water and 20 mL glue. Add 3 drops of food coloring of choice (optional).

3. Decant (pour off) Sodium tetraborate solution into glue/ water mixture and slowly stir for 15-20 seconds.

4. Remove mixture from beaker and knead by hand to desired consistency.

5. Clean Up: Wrap your product in a square of plastic, tie off with rubber band. Clean beaker and stirring rod with water, scrub with paper towel.


I. States of Matter


4. Analyze Data:

A. Stretchability: Find out what happens when your product isstretched slowly, or stretched quickly.

B. Viscosity: Place your product in a funnel and wait to see how long it takes for the first drip to reach the lab table.

C. Resilience: Shape your product into a ball and determine itsability to bounce.

D. Inflatability: Form your product into a ball around the end of asoda straw and inflate it by gently and slowly blowing into the other end of the straw (you might need to pinch your product together around the straw to prevent the air from leaking out).


I. States of Matter


5. Draw Conclusions: What are the effects of creating cross-linkages between the molecules of a liquid? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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I. States of Matter

A. States of Matter -_______ ________ invented the _______ of ___________ of ______ ______ in ____ by adding _____ to the ______ ______ _______ ___________, which made ______ _____ ______, more _______, and more _______ to ________ ______

Charles Goodyear1800-1860

Charles Goodyear processvulcanization natural rubber 1844

sulfur natural rubberpolymer polyisoprene naturalrubber harder durableresistant chemical attack

-____________ is named after the ______ ____ ___ ______

vulcanization Romanfire god Vulcan

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Vulcanisation.GIF


I. States of Matter

C. Gas -________ are as ___ _____ as _______particles far apart possible

Particles of a gas are not held together at all, so they can expand and change density indefinitely,

according to temperature and pressure conditions

-________ are ___ ____ in _____ or ____ _______, but _____ ______, and are ____ to ____ (_____)

particles not held place held togethermove freely

-_______ _______ _____ of ______ (about ______ ______ of ______ or _____

lowest density state matter 1/1000 densityliquid solid

free flow fluid

-__ ________ ______, __ ________ _____, _______ _____ of ________

definite shapedefinitevolume no assumes shapecontainer

no


I. States of Matter

D. Plasma -________ are as ___ _____ as _______particles far apart possible

Particles of plasma conduct electricity,but with tremendous resistance, and

the friction causes the particles to glow

-________ are ___ ____ in _____ or ____ _______, but _____ ______, and are ____ to ____ (_____)

particles not held place held togethermove freely

-_______ _______ _____ of ______ (about ______ ______ of ______ or _____

lowest density state matter 1/1000density liquid solid

free flow fluid

-__ ________ ______, __ ________ _____, _______ _____ of ________

definite shapedefinitevolume no assumesshape containerno

-________ are _______, and _______ _________particles charged conduct electricity

-____ of all ______ in our _____ ______ and the _______, (in ____, ________, __________ _____, _______ _____, _____ _____, and ______)

99% matter solar systemuniverse stars lightning fluorescent lightshalogen lights neonlights auroras

St. Elmo’s Fire is an example of a plasma. What is St. Elmo’s Fire?


II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to _____, ______, called the ____ of ______ must be _______ to ________ _________ between _______ called ____________ ______, which ____ ________ of a _____ _______ and ____ the _______ in _____

change state solidliquid energy heat fusionsupplied overcome attractions

particles intermolecular forceshold particles solid together holdparticles place

melting


II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to _____, ______, called the ____ of ______ must be _______ so that ________ ____ _____, ______ ____ _____, and _____ ______ _______, so that ____________ ______ can ____ the _______ _______ and ____ the ________ in _____

change statesolid

liquidenergy heat fusion

removed particles slow down collideless often move closer togetherintermolecular forces hold particlestogether hold particles place

fusion (freezing)


II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to ___, ______, called the ____ of __________ must be _______ to ________ ____________ ______ which ____ ________ of a _____ _______ but __ ___ ____ the _______ in _____

change state liquidgas energy heat vaporization

supplied overcome intermolecularforces hold particles liquid together

hold particles placedo not

vaporization (evaporation)


II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from ___ to _____, the ____ of ___________ must be _______ so that ________ ____ _____, ______ ____ _____, and _____ ______ _______, so that ____________ ______ can ____ the _______ _______, but ___ ____ the ________ in _____

change state gasliquid heat vaporizationremoved particles slow down collide

less often move closer togetherintermolecular forces hold particlestogether hold particles placenot

condensation


II. Changes in State -a ______ in _____ _______ from _____ to ___ is called __________, and tends to _____ in _______ with ____ ____ ____________ ______, like __ or ____

change state directly

sublimation

-_______ in ____ are _______ _______

solid gassublimation occur

particles very weak intermolecular forcesI2 CO2

changes state physical changes


III. Properties of Fluids

A. Behavior of Gases

Fahrenheit

freezing pointof water, 32°F

boiling pointof water, 212°F

180°F

Celsius

freezing pointof water, 0°C

boiling pointof water, 100°C

100°C

V1

V2

___=

T1

T2

___

°F +180°F

K = °C + 273

=

100°C

329

5°F +9°F=

5°C

32

1 L

V2

___=

22°C

0°C_____

V2 = 0 L?

V1

V2

___=

T1

T2

___

1 L

V2

___=

22°C

-11°C_____

V2 = -0.5 L?Since we can’t divide by zero, and we can’t have negative volumes, we need a temperature

scale without a zero or negative valuesKelvin

freezing pointof water, 273 K

boiling pointof water, 373 K

100 K

absolute zero, 0 K, -273°C

°C( )( )°C




Kelvin

freezing pointof water, 273 K

boiling pointof water, 373 K

100 K

absolute zero, 0 K, -273°C

solid CO2 (dry ice), -78°C, 195 K

liquid N2, -210°C, 63 K

liquid He, -269°C, 4 K

Dry ice, or solid Carbon dioxide, has a temperature of -109.3°F. What is theequivalent temperature of dry ice in °C?

Liquid Nitrogen has a temperature of -210°C. What is the equivalent temperature of liquid Nitrogen in Kelvin?

Liquid Helium, the coldest substance onEarth, has a temperature of -452.2°F. What is the equivalent temperature of liquid Helium in Kelvin?

-109.3°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °C = -78°C

K = -210°C + 273 K = 63 K

-452.2°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °C = -269°C

K = -269°C + 273 K = 4 K

( )°C

( °C)



A. Behavior of Gases -_________ _____ is the _______ possible theoretical temperature, equal to _________, and is the ___________ at which the ________ of a sample of gas is _____, and all _______, _________ movement of particles ______

absolute zero lowest-273.15°C

volumetemperature

zerorandom Brownian

ceases

-the coldest ______ temperature is ______, or _________, the temperature of ______ _______

actual 4.22 K-268.78°C liquid

HeliumV1

V2

___=

T1

T2

___

1 L

V2

___=

295 K

0 K_____

V2 = 0 L

William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)(1824-1907)




1. What is the equivalent temperature of 37°C in Kelvin?

2. What is the equivalent temperature of 68°F in Celsius?

3. What is the equivalent temperature of 90°F in Kelvin?

K = 37°C + 273 K = 310 K

4. What is the equivalent temperature of -20°C in Kelvin?

68°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °C = 20°C( )°C

90°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °C = 32°C

K = 32°C + 273 K = 305 K

( °C)

K = -20°C + 273 K = 253 K




5. What is the equivalent temperature of 202°C in Fahrenheit?

°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °F = 396°F( )202°C

6. What is the equivalent temperature of 0 K in Fahrenheit?

0 K = °C + 273 °C = -273°C

°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °F = -459°F( ) -273°C

7. What is the equivalent temperature of 1535°C in Fahrenheit?

°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °F = 2795°F( )1535°C




8. What is the equivalent temperature of 50°F in Celsius?

50°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °C = 10°C( )°C

9. What is the equivalent temperature of 100 K in Celsius?

100 K = °C + 273 °C = -173°C

10. What is the equivalent temperature of 500 K in Fahrenheit?

500 K = °C + 273 °C = 227°C

°F +9°F

=5°C

32 °F = 441°F( )227°C

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