Foldable Instructions

Name one way another country influences our culture.

Do Now

Chapter 12Transformations Around

the Globe

Explain China’s resistance to foreigners Describe rebellions that took place in China List reform effects in China Trace the rise of Chinese Nationalism

Objectives

Western economic pressure forces China open to foreign trade and influence.

China Resist Outside Influence

Rejecting Western Goods◦ In 1793, China rejects gifts brought by British ambassador◦ China is strong politically because it is largely self-

sufficient Agriculture, mining, manufacturing sectors highly productive

The Tea-Opium Connection◦ Guangzhou, southern port, is only one open to foreign

trade◦ China has upper-hand… earns more from exports than

imports◦ British Smuggle in Opium (late 1700s); many Chinese

become addicted

China and the West – p. 1 in foldable

In 1839, Opium War erupts – fight caused by British bringing in opium

Read letter from Lin Zexu Queen Victoria p. 372 China loses because Britain has a modern navy Treaty of Nanjing (1842) gives British control of

Hong Kong 1844, other nations win “extraterritorial rights” Some of the rights included foreigners being

exempt from Chinese laws in trading ports

Opium War p. 1

Why did the British have to bring an addictive drug to sell as their product to the Chinese?

Answer in 3 sentences or more Be prepared to share your answer with the

class (if you’re talking I will call on you)

In your notes…

Population problems◦ China’s population booms from 1790-1850◦ Crop yields do not grow as fast, producing widespread

hunger… anger Taiping Rebellion

◦ Late 1830’s Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to build “new China”

◦ Taiping Rebellion – name given to Hong’s movement – means “great peace”

◦ 1850s Hong’s army grows large, captures large areas in southeast China

◦ 1864, rebellion defeated by internal fighting/outside attack

Growing Internal Problems p.1

Where did we see famine (a severe food shortage) occur in the last chapter?

Why did it occur?

Answer in 3 sentences or more Be prepared to share your answer with the

class (if you’re talking I will call on you)

In your notes…

Trace map on bottom of p. 3

Resistance to change◦ Dowager Empress Cixi

rules China most years from 1862-1908

◦ Supports reforms aimed at education, government, and military

◦ Otherwise is very traditional

Foreign Influence Grows p.1

China suffers attacks from other nations; forced to grant more trading rights

Europeans and Japan gain “Spheres of Influence” – areas of economic control

U.S. declares “Open Door Policy” in 1899◦ U.S. fearful if China was colonized they would lose

trade rights◦ Chinese open trade to all nations

Other Nations Step In p.2

Open Door Policy Video

What were the main reasons for the U.S. instituting the “Open Door Policy?”◦ Where they being nice?◦ Did they have other motives?◦ What where those motives?

Answer in 3 sentences or more Be prepared to share your answer with the

class (if you’re talking I will call on you)

In your notes…

On the map you traced on p.3 go back and shade in new areas of control for the British, French, Germans, U.S. and Japanese

In your foldable

Growing Dissension◦ Many Chinese resent growing power of

“outsiders”◦ 1898, Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms◦ Empress Cixi is restored to power… ends them

The Boxer Rebellion◦ Anti-government, anti-European peasants form a

secret organization◦ 1900, launch the boxer rebellion – want reforms◦ Rebels sieze Beijing, foreign army defeats them

Chinese Nationalism p. 2

Boxer Rebellion Video

Cixi and other conservatives recognize necessity of reform

In 1905, she sends officials abroad to study other governments

1906, Cixi begins making reforms but moves slowly

Unrest will continue for four more decades

Reform in China p. 2

Why were the “boxers” called boxers? How was the rebellion defeated?

Answer in 3 sentences or more Be prepared to share your answer with the

class (if you’re talking I will call on you)

In you notes

On the top of page 3 of your foldable copy the following chart

You will have 10 minutes to try to fill it in…

Foldable

Cause Effect Result

British bring opium to China

p. 371-372 p. 371-372

Hong Xiuquan starts Taiping Rebellion

p. 373 p. 373

United States declares “Open Door Policy”

p. 373-374 p. 373-374

Workers launch Boxer Rebellion

p. 374-375 p. 374-375

ReviewCause Effect Result

British bring opium to China

Chinese become addicted; resentful towards west (letter from Lin Zexu)

Opium War – China forced to open ports

Hong Xiuquan starts Taiping Rebellion

Rebels take control of the South

Millions die in rebellion

United States declares “Open Door Policy”

China becomes safe from colonization – not spheres of influence

China is still dominated by foreign powers

Workers launch Boxer Rebellion

Chinese Nationalism increases

Major reforms finally enacted

Japan follows the model of Western powers by industrializing and expanding its foreign influence

12.2 Modernization in Japan p. 4

The Demand for Foreign Trade◦ Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) –

Japan opens two ports to American ships

◦ By 1860, Japan has trade agreements with many nations

Meiji Reform and Modernization◦ Anger over trade deals forces

shogun to step down in 1867◦ Meiji Era – Time of reform begun

by Meiji emperor, Mutsuhito

Japan Ends Its Isolation p. 4

By early 1900s, Japan has industrialized, is competitive with west

Industrialization = need for empire◦ Need factors of

production

Industrialization in Japan p. 4

In your notes on p. 6 Copy the chart that explains how China and

Japan both Confronted the West (p. 377)

Comparing p.6

China Both JapanRemains committed to traditional values

Loses numerous territorial conflicts

Grants other nations “spheres of influence”

Finally accepts reform movements

Have well established traditional values

Initially resist change

Oppose Western Imperialism

Considers modernization necessary

Borrows and adapts Western ways

Strengthens its economic and military power

Builds and empire

Comparing

Military◦ By 1890, Japan has strong navy and large army◦ 1894, Japan gets Western nations to give up special trading

rights

Japan Attacks China◦ Japan forces Korea to open three ports to Japanese trade in

1876◦ 1885, Japan and China agree not to send troops into Korea◦ 1894, China sends troops to Korea to put down a rebellion◦ Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains Chinese territory

Imperial Japan p. 4/5

Russo-Japanese War◦ 1903, Japan and Russia begin struggle over

Manchuria◦ Japan attacks Russia in 1904 – begins Russo-

Japanese War◦ In 1905, treaty ends the war; Japan gains

captured territories◦ Treaty brokered by US President Teddy Roosevelt◦ Wins Noble Peace Prize for negotiating agreement

Imperial Japan p.4/5

Satire - the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly,

Caricature - a portrait that exaggerates or distorts the essence of a person

Bias - a tendency or preference towards a particular perspective

What is a political cartoon?

1.) What is the event or issue that inspired the cartoon?2.) Are there any real people in the cartoon? Who is portrayed in the cartoon?3.) Are there symbols in the cartoon? What are they and what do they represent?4.) What is the cartoonist's opinion about the topic portrayed in the cartoon?

In your notes… p.4/5

In three sentences answer the following questions…

What factors led the Japanese to become and imperial power?

What territory was the Russo-Japanese War fought over?

Who won the Russo-Japanese War?

DO NOW

1.) What is the event or issue that inspired the cartoon?2.) Are there any real people in the cartoon? Who is portrayed in the cartoon?3.) Are there symbols in the cartoon? What are they and what do they represent?4.) What is the cartoonist's opinion about the topic portrayed in the cartoon?

finish in your notes

Japan makes Korea a protectorate in 1905 1910, Japan completes annexation of Korea Japan rules Korea harshly… leads growth in

Korean nationalism

Japanese Occupation of Korea p.5

Define the following terms in your own words (you may use the book, your notes, or a dictionary)

Treaty of Kanagawa Meiji Era Russo-Japanese War annexation

Vocab Activity p.5

The United States places increasing economic and political pressure on Latin America during the 19th century.

12.3 U.S. Economic Imperialism p.7

Colonial Legacy◦ Political gains mean little to desperately poor Latin

Americans◦ Peonage system keeps peasants in debt; landowners

grow wealthy Political Instability

◦ Cuadillos – Military Dictators – gain and hold power◦ Mid 1800’s, cuadillos rule most LA countries◦ Reformers sometimes gain office – eventually forced

out◦ Wealthy landowners support cuadillos; poor people

have few rights

Latin America After Independence p.7

Old Products and New Markets◦ Economies depend on exporting one or two products◦ Trains and refrigeration increase demand for LA foods◦ LA import manufactured goods; industrialization lags

Outside Investment and Interference◦ Few schools, roads, hospitals built◦ Government forced to borrow money from other

countries◦ Loans not repaid; properties repossessed; foreign

control grows

Economies Grow Under Foreign Influence p.7

The Monroe Doctrine◦ Newly independent

countries of the Americas are insecure

◦ 1823, U.S. issues Monroe Doctrine Europe cannot

colonize Americas

A Latin American Empire p.7

Cuba Declares Independence◦ 1895, Jose Marti – Cuban writer – launches war for

Cuban Independence◦ U.S. fights to help Cuba in 1898 = Spanish

American War◦ 1901, Cuba nominally independent, U.S. has

significant control◦ After war Spain gives U.S. Puerto Rico, Guam, and

the Philippines

A Latin American Empire p.7

Connecting the Oceans◦ U.S. wants fast way from Atlantic to Pacific◦ President Roosevelt wants a canal◦ Columbia rejects Roosevelt's $10 million canal

offer◦ 1903 Panama gains independence with U.S. help◦ Panama gives land to U.S. to build canal◦ U.S. builds canal

Panama Canal p.7

Copy the Map on p.386 p.9

Video

Cause and Effect

Action Effect

1. U.S. wants fast way from Atlantic to Pacific

2. President Roosevelt wants a canal

3. Columbia rejects Roosevelt's $10 million canal offer

4. 1903 Panama gains independence with U.S. help

5. Panama gives land to U.S. to build canal

6. U.S. builds canal

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

U.S. increases influence in LA U.S. investment in Cuba/other countries 1904, Roosevelt updates Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary: U.S. can be police

power in the Americas – speak softly but carry a big stick

U.S. uses Corollary to justify repeated interventions

The Roosevelt Corollary

Draw your own political cartoon on page 9 about how the U.S. increased it’s economic power in Latin America.

Draw your own political cartoon

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

DO NOW

Political, economic, and social inequalities in Mexico trigger a period of revolution and reform.

12.4 Turmoil and Change in Mexico

Early 1800’s, Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana dominates Mexican politics

Serves as president four times between 1833 and 1855

The Texas Revolt◦ 1820’s, Mexican officials encourage Americans to

settle in Texas◦ Thousands of English-speaking “Anglos” settle in Texas◦ Want self-government = problems with Mexico◦ 1835, Texans revolt and win independence; Santa Ana

loses power

Santa Anna and the Mexican War

1845, U.S. annexes Texas; Mexico is outraged

1846, U.S. and Mexico go to war Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) –

northern third of Mexico to U.S. Santa Anna, who lost war, loses more power

Santa Ana and the Mexican War

A New Leader◦ Benito Juarez – liberal

reformer who wanted to change Mexico

Juarez Rises to Power◦ Works as lawyer

helping poor people; good reputation

Juarez and La Reforma

In your notes, answer the following question in 3 sentences…

How might the Mexican economy be different if it hadn’t lost all of the territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

What if…

Juarez Works for Reform◦ Juarez’s La Reforma – movement to redistribute

land and reform education◦ Exiled in 1853, but return◦ Conservative, wealthy Mexicans oppose reforms,

launch rebellion◦ 1861, reformers win civil war and Juarez elected

President

Juarez and La Reforma

The French Invade Mexico◦ Conservatives plot with Europeans to defeat

Juarez and reform◦ 1862, French send army to Mexico and take

control of country◦ Install Austrian Archduke Maximilian as emperor ◦ Fighting goes on for 5 years – 1867, Maximilian is

defeated◦ Juarez, president again, puts reforms in place◦ He dies in 1872, but country is a peaceful and

making progress

Juarez and La Reforma

Who was Maximilian?

DO NOW

Rise of Cuadillo◦ Porfirio Diaz – cuadillio

who takes power in 1876◦ Diaz ends reforms and

builds own power; eliminates opponents

◦ Trades lands for political favors/support; elections meaningless

◦ His tactics bring order to Mexico, freedoms reduces

◦ Some economic progress, but rich gain wealth/poor suffer

Porfirio Diaz and “Order and Progress”

Madero Begins the Revolution◦ Unrest over harsh rule of Diaz grows throughout

Mexican society◦ Reformer Francisco Madero calls for armed revolt◦ “Pancho” Villa – popular revolutionary leader from

the north of Mexico◦ Emiliano Zapata – revolutionary leader from

southern Mexico◦ Villa, Zapata score important victories over Diaz’s

army◦ Diaz forced to step down, calls for new elections in

1911

Revolution and Civil War

Mexican Leaders Struggle for Power◦ 1911, Madero elected president; unrest continues◦ 1913, Madero resigns; General Victoriano Huerta

becomes president◦ After 15 months of fighting, rebels win; Carranza

becomes president◦ Civil War ends in 1919 with Zapata’s death

The New Mexican Constitution◦ Mexico’s new constitution: land reform, education,

workers rights◦ Alvaro Obregon ousts Carranza in 1920, continues

reforms

Revolution and Civil War

Place the following Mexican Leaders on a timeline. Include the year they took power and what major ideas they had.◦ Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana◦ Benito Juarez◦ Austrian Archduke Maximilian◦ Porfirio Diaz◦ Emiliano Zapata◦ General Victoriano Huerta◦ Alvaro Obregon

Timeline…

Your test…

Draw your own political cartoon depicting one of the following events (you must do two):◦ The Taiping rebellion◦ China’s “Open Door Policy”◦ The “Russo-Japanese War”◦ The U.S. acquisition of the Panama Canal◦ The Monroe Doctrine◦ The Roosevelt Corollary◦ The Mexican Revolution

Each cartoon must have a 30 word write up explaining the “symbolism” in your cartoon

They will be due on by the end of class today

Political Cartoon Assignment