THE CIVIL WAR1861-1865

Focus Questions

What were the goals of both the North and South?

What advantages did each side have?

What was the significance of each battle discussed?

What were the consequences of this war?

Beginning of War Between 1860 and 1861, 11 states

seceded from the Union In 1861, Americans began to fight the

worst war our nation had ever known. Families and friends became divided,

not knowing which side to support Families and friends fought against

each other… Mary, Lincoln’s wife, had brothers fighting for the Union

America Divided

Lincoln’s decision

Southern states wanted to leave the Union peacefully and form the Confederate States of America

Southerners felt very different from the North and believed that they could not remain part of the U.S.

Lincoln did not want to go to war, but felt he had no choice.

His goal was to keep the Union together….

During Lincoln’s inaugural speech, he asked the Union to rejoin the Union…

“We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”

What is President Lincoln saying here?

But within a few weeks, the north and south were at war.

1861

Fort Sumter

• Belonged to the U.S. army, even though it was in South Carolina

• Confederate states wanted control of Fort Sumter

• Lincoln said no and he sent supplies to the union soldiers who were protecting it

• In April, 1861, fighting began

• Confederate soldiers attacked Fort Sumter

• Union soldiers quickly ran out of ammunition and surrendered

• Confederates won the first battle

Fort Sumter then

Fort Sumter today Fort Sumter movie

Significance of Fort Sumter Battle

First battle of Civil War No casualties (deaths) Led to false beliefs that this would

be a quick war

Goals of North and South

Abraham Lincoln

NorthFighting to keep the Union together

Jefferson Davis

SouthFighting to have their own, independent nation

Advantages of each side-make predictions

North South

Advantages ? ?Disadvantages ? ?

Evaluating the North and SouthAdvantages of North and South-Reading

Advantages of each sideNorth South

Advantages

4 times as many soldiersLarger population-23 million peopleMore moneyFarms grew more foodMore factoriesMore railroadsNorth produced its own weapons ammunition and suppliesUsed railroads to move troops and supplies

Had the passion for fighting to have their own nation Most fighting occurred on their own landExcellent generals-Robert E. Lee

Disadvantages

Didn’t have the same passion as southFighting in unknown territories

Less than 9 million peopleHad less foodFewer factoriesFewer soldiersFewer railroads

Railroad Lines in 1860 movie

CIVIL WAR STRATEGIESPlanning and paying for the War

North’s plan

The Anaconda Plan Wanted to crush prey to death (South) Blockade the South Split the Confederacy by gaining

control of the Mississippi River Capture Richmond, the Confederate

capital Northern ships would blockade southern ports

to stop confederacy from receiving supplies Prevent South from selling cotton Congress passed income tax laws and sold war bonds

South’s plan

Fight a defensive war Would defend land and wait for

Union to get tired and then surrender

Hopeful that Great Britain would provide them with supplies

Confederacy placed taxes on many different products and sold war bonds

First Battles

First Battle of Bull Run

First major battle July 21, 1861 30,000 Union soldiers against 22,000

confederate soldiers Union expected quick win and started

winning, but confederates ended up winning Confederates led by “Stonewall Jackson”-

one of South’s best generals Civilians came out to watch! Significance- Union knows this will be a long

war

Battle of Shiloh Fought in Shiloh, Tennessee April 6, 1862 Bloodiest battle yet Almost 10,000 wounded or dead Union

soldiers 1,728 dead Over 8,000 wounded Union victory

Battle of Antietam Bloodiest single battle in U.S. history Over 2,000 Union soldiers dead and more

than 9,000 wounded 1,500 confederate soldiers dead and more

than 7,800 wounded General Lee’s battle plans lost and found by

Union soldiers Significance-Confederate loss, which meant

General Lee couldn’t convince Great Britain to aide them in the war effort

Emancipation Proclamation Because the Union won an important battle,

Lincoln believed it was time to act on the issue of slavery

Wrote the “Emancipation Proclamation” Stated that after January 1, 1863, all enslaved

people in states that were at war with the Union in the Confederacy, would be emancipated, or freed.

This made southern African Americans very happy

However, the Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in border states, territories captured by Union forces, or in the Confederacy.

Significance of Emancipation Proclamation

1. Gave Union soldiers important reasons to fight-ending slavery and saving the Union

2. Encouraged enslaved African Americans to escape from their owners and join the Union army

3. Great Britain and other foreign nations decided not to aid the Confederacy when they heard the Union was trying to stop slavery.

Different Americans fighting for the Union

Thousands of enslaved Africans joined the Union army

440,000 immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweded, Poland, etc.

10,000 hispanic americans 6,000 jewish americans

Battle of Gettysburgh Lee decided to attack the

north in hopes of getting them to surrender

Lee led 75,000 troops and the North led 90,000 troops and they met at Gettysburgh, PA on July 1, 1863

Lasted three horrible days Huge losses for both sides-

Union lost 23,000 and the confederates lost 28,000

Lee went back to Virginia Too many losses for South and

they couldn’t replace all the men

Army was never that strong again

Route General Lee took when headed into Gettysburgh

Gettysburgh Address

Abraham Lincoln made an address at Gettysburgh shortly after the loss of so many lives

Gettysburgh movie

What was the purpose of the speech? How did Lincoln feel about his speech? How did others’ feel about the address? What did his speech mean?

Capture of Vicksburgh Union’s goal was to get full control of the

Mississippi River Confederates would then not be able to

move their supplies Needed to capture Vicksburgh, Miss Order Grant (Union general) to take

control of Vicksburgh Eventually the Union captured Vicksburgh

by completely surrounding them and withholding all supplies until they literally were starving to death

Capture of Port Hudson With this capture, the Union controlled

the entire Mississippi River Confederacy was now split Without this river, the South could not

not get food from Texas and Arkansas Capture of Vicksburgh and Gettysburgh

were turning points in the Civil war Confederate army not ready to

surrender, but they couldn’t win the war

Sherman’s March to the SeaSouthern’s viewpoint of Sherman’s march

Grant (union) now commanded more than 500,000 soldiers

Goal was to crush the South to make it impossible for the Confederates to continue fighting

Grant sent Sherman to capture the city of Atlanta, Georgia He attacked manufacturing and railroad centers Captured Georgia and set it on fire-completely destroyed

the city Actions called total war-to destroy anything the south

could use to continue the war Sherman then captured Savannah, Georgia Burned animals, houses, barns, bridges and roads As a result, people HATED the north, but they did finally

surrender Sherman’s movie