fm 23-30 1969 - grenades and pyrotechnic signals

7/30/2019 FM 23-30 1969 - Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals

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FM 23-30DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

GRENADES ANDPYROTECHNIC

SIGNALS

EADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYDECEMBER 1969


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*FM 23-30

FIELD MANUAL}No. 23-30

HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

WASHINGTON, D.C., 16 December 1969

GRENADES AND PYROTECHNC SIGNALSPai'ICTapbo Pq o

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .. .......................... .................. .............. ........ 1,2 3CHAPTER 2. HAND GRENADESSection I. Characteristics and main parts .................................... ........ 8-5 5

II . Fuzes an d hand grenade safety clip .................. .................. 6-8 5III . Fragmentation hand grenades ......... ..................................... 9-15 8IV . Chemical smoke hand grenades ............ .... ............................ 16-19 11V. Riot control hand grenades .............................. ..................... . 20-25 12VI. Special purpose hand grenades ....................................... ..... 26-80 16CHAPTER 3. HAND GRENADE TRAININGSection I. General ............................ ................................................. ......... 81-38 21II. Fundamentals of hand grenade training ............................ 84-88 21

III. Hand grenade training courses ............................................ 89-48 27IV. Hand grenade training safety ................. ............................. 44,45 32CHAPTER 4. RIFLE GRENADES AND ACCESSORIESSection I. General ................................................... .... ............................... 46-48 85II . Aceessories . ........ .......... .. ............ ...... ................ .................. 49-54 35III . Types of rifle grenades ........................... .................... ........... 55-59 40CHAPTER 5.Section I . RIFLE GRENADE TRAININGDirect-tire marksmanship training ..... ............................ ..... 60-6667-7278,7475,76

46505854II.III .IV.

High-angle direct-tire marksmanship training .................Rifle grenade safety training ................... - ..................... .....Rifle grenade instruction course ............. .......................... .....CHAPTER 6. GROUND PYROTECHNIC SIGNALSSection I. General .......... .................................................................... ........ 77- 79 55II. Rifle projected signals ............................................ ................ 80-32 55III. Hand-held signals ....................................... ............................. 88-85 57APPENDIX A. REFERENCES ...................................................... ................................ 60

B. GUIDANCE FOR INSTRUCTORS ............... .. ................................. 61C. HAND AND RIFLE GRENADE RANGE

FACILITIES ...................................................... ................................ 62D. SUMMARY OF GRENADES AND GROUND

PYROTECHNIC SIGNALS ................ ............................................ 71E. COLOR CODING OF GRENADES .... .............................................. 76F. GRENADE QUALIFICATION COURSES .................................... 78G. HISTORICAL RESUME OF GRENADES ANDPYROTECHNICS ...................................... ........................................ 80

INDEX 83

* Thla manual aupe raedea FM 23-30, 28 October 1959, Including al l chane1


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Purpose and Scopea. This manual provides guidance for the conduct of training with hand grenades, rifle grenades, and ground pyrotechnic signals.b. This manual contains descriptions, generalcharacteristics, capabilities and uses, functioningdata, training guidance, and safety procedures

for handling grenades and ground pyrotechnicsignals. It also includes information on the construction and operation of facilities fo r grenadetraining.

c. The material contained herein is applicablewithout modification to both nuclear and nonnuclear warfare.d. Users of this publication are encouraged torecommend changes or provide comments for improvement. Comments should be keyed to thespecific page, paragraph, and line of the text inwhich the change is recommended. Reasons willbe provided for each comment to insure under

standing and complete evaluation. Commentsshould be prepared using DA Form 2028 (Recom-

mended Changes to Publications) and forwardeddirect to the Commandant, United States ArmyInfantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia 31905.2. General

a. Grenades are classified by method of projection as hand grenades or rifle grenades and byorigin as ordnance or chemical items. Ordnancegrenades contain high explosive fillers whichenable them to perform antitank or casualty-producing missions. Chemical grenades contain fillerswhich enable them to perform casualty-producing,incendiary, illuminating, signaling, screening, orriot control missions. Most hand grenades, although designed to be thrown, may also be projected from the service rifle using a grenadeprojection adapter.

b. Ground pyrotechnic signals are also categorized as hand-held or rifle projected. They aredesigned for use only as signaling and illuminating devices.

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CHAPTER 2HAND GRENADES

Section I. CHARACTERISTICS AND MAIN PARTS3. GeneralHand grenades are designed for projection toa target by means of throwing. They assist theindividual soldier in the accomplishment of sixmissions:

a. Producing casualties.b. Signaling.c. Screening.d. Illuminating.e. Producing incendiary effects.f. Riot control.

4. CharacteristicsAll hand grenades share three characteristics :

a. Relatively short range in comparison toother infantry weapons.b. Small effective casualty radius (distancefrom the grenade's detonation point in which a

minimum of 50 percent of exposed personnel willbecome casualties).c. Incorporate a delay element to permit safethrowing.

5. Main PartsHand grenades are composed of three main parts:a. Body. This contains the filler and, in somegrenades, provides fragmentation.

b. Filler. The filler is the chemical or explosivesubstance in the grenade body which gives thegrenade its characteristics and determines it s use.c. Fuze Assembly. This is the heart of thehand grenade and causes the grenade to functionby means of a chain reaction of pyrotechnic,mechanical, or electrical actions.

Section II . FUZES AND HAND GRENADE SAFETY CLIP6. Functioning(fig.1)All fuzes in U.S. hand grenades may be categorized as either detonating or igniting. With fewexceptions, fuz.es function in the followingmanner:

a. When the safety pin is withdrawn from thefuze, the safety lever is released from the grenade body, but is held in place by the individualthrowing the grenade or, i f the grenade is rifleprojected, by a grenade projection adapter. Ahand grenade safety clip, adaptable for the M26 -series, the M33-series, the M56, M57, and MK2fragmentation grenades, and the M3 0 practicegrenade has been designed to prevent the grenade safety lever from springing loose shouldthe safety pin be unknowingly or accidentally removed from the grenade. Pressure exerted by thesafety clip prevents the release of the grenadesafety lever, regardless of whether the safetypin is in place.(1) The safety clip (fig. 2) is a single pieceof spring-steel wire bent to form-

(a) A metal loop which fits around thegrenade fuze at the grenade neck.(b) A metal clamp which fits around andpresses against the grenade safety lever.(2) To attach the safety clip to the grenade(fig. 3 ) -(a) Slide the clip onto the handle.(b) Attach the loop portion of the safetyclip around the grenade fuze.(c) Snap the clip end around the grenadesafety lever.Note. The hand grenade safety clip may beissued attached to the above grenades, or it may be issued

as a separate item.b. When the safety lever (fig. 1) is released, itis forced away from the grenade body by a strikeracting under the force of a striker spring.c. As the safety lever is forced away from thegrenade body, the striker rotates on it s axis and

strikes the primer.d. When struck, the primer emits an intense

flash of heat which ignites the dels>y element.5


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WHEN SAFETY PIN IS WIT HDRAWN, THE SAFETY LEVER

WHEN SAFETY LEVER IS RELEASED,STRIKER ROTATES ON AXIS TO STRIKE PR IMER.

WHEN PRIMER IS STRUCK, FLASH OFHEAT IGN ITES DELAY ELEMENT

DELAY ELEMENT BURNSDOWN TO THE DETONATOROR IGNITER.

DETONATOR OR IGNITERSETS OFF BURSTER OR MAINCHARGE (FILLER)

Figure 1. Fuze functioning. (For details of tk e g?enade's component parts, see 1, figure 4.)

e. The delay element burns for the prescribeddelay time and thereupon initiates the detonatoror igniter.

f . The detonator or igniter sets off the grenade's tiller. Detonators are used in fragmentation, white phosphorous smoke, and burstingchemical hand grenades. Igniters are used withpractice and burning chemical hand grenades.7. Detonating Fuzesa. M204Al and M204A2 Fuzes (1, fig. 4) .These fuzes are used with the MK2, the M26, andthe M26Al fragmentation hand grenades. Thefuze well accepting these fuzes will also acceptany standard firing device or the shipping plugpriming-adapter of the M18Al antipersonnelmine (CLAYMORE). Each fuze functions asdescribed in paragraph 6. The delay element isa powder train requiring 4 to 5 seconds to burndown to the detonator. The detonator sets off thefiller.6

b. M206A2 Fuze (2, fig. 4) . This fuze is usedwith the MK3A2 offensive hand grenade and theM34 white phosphorous smoke hand grenade. TheM206-series of fuzes are similar to the M204-series of fuzes with the exception of the safetylever. The fuze functions as described in paragraph 6. The delay element is a powder trainrequiring 4 to 5 seconds to burn down to thedetonator. The detonator sets off a tetryl burster,which in turn ruptures the grenade body anddisperses the white phosphorous filler . (In theMK3A2 offensive grenade, no burster is required.)

c. C12 Integ1al Fuze (3, fig. 4.) This fuze isan integral part of the M2 '5 -series of riot controlhand grenades. The fuze consists of a firing pinwhich is screwed into the base of the grenadebody, an arming sleeve, and a slider assembly.The slider assembly contains a delay element of1.4 to 3 seconds and a small detonator. When thesafety pin is removed, the arming sleeve is heldin place with the thumb. When the arming sleeve


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Figu1e 2. Hand grenade safety cli1> fitted to the MSOpractice greuacle.is released, the slider assembly is forced downward toward the firing pin under pressure of thefiring spring. At the bottom of the fuze well, theslider strikes the firing pin and ignites the delayelement which, in turn, sets off the detonator. Thedetonator bu rsts the grenade body and dispersesthe riot control agent over an area 5 meters indiameter.

d. M218 and M215 Fuzes. The M213 and M215fuzes are similar in their functioning to the M204-series of fuzes. The M213 and M215 fuzes differfrom each other only slightly and differ from theM204-series of fuzes in such physical details asshape of body and safety lever. The M213 andM215 fuze threads are larger than the l\1204-seriesfuze threads. Therefore, the fuzes cannot be usedinterchangeably. The M213 fuze is used with theM33 fragmentation grenade and the M215 fuze isused with the M56 fragmentation grenade. Thesefuzes may be used interchangeably, but interchanging is not recommended.

e. M217 Fuze (4, fig. 4). This fuze is used withthe M59 and the M57 fragmentation hand grenades. The M217 is an impact detonating fuzewhich functions by electrical means. Th e purposeof the fuze is to provide immediate detonation on

impact, to prevent the grenade from being thrownback by the enemy, and to prevent the grenadefrom rolling away from targets located on slopingterrain. The M217 fuze can be distinguished fromother types of fuzes by the word IMPACT embossed in raised l ~ t t e r s on the red safety lever.The M217 fuze thread diameter is larger thanthat of other fuzes (except the M213 and ~ 1 2 1 5fuzes) and therefore the M217 fuze is no t interchangeable with other types of fuzes (except theM213 or :\1215 fuzes) or firing devices.(1) The M217 is an electrical fuze whichfunctions either on impact or after a lapse of 4seconds after the striker ignites the primer. Thefuze has an arming delay of 1 second which givesthe soldier a margin of safety when he throws thegrenade. This delay means that when the str ikerhits the primer, the grenade is still not armeduntil the 1-second arming delay is expended;therefore, if a grenade is accidentally droppedafter the safety pin has been removed, a soldierstill has adequate time to pick the grenade up andthrow it to a safe area.(2) Grenades armed with the M217 impactdetonating fuze must be thrown to a minimumheight of 4.5 meters (16 feet) (fig. 5). Thisheight gives the grenade enough flight time toexpend the 1-second arming delay and allows thegrenade to detonate on impact. The grenade willdetonate on impact when the arming delay is expended, regardless of the angle at which it strikesa target. I f the grenade impacts before the arming delay has elapsed, or if no impact occurs afterrelease of the safety lever, t he grenade will detonate after a delay of 4 seconds. I f the grenadedoes not detonate, the fuze will become inertwithin 30 seconds from the time the safety leveris released.

Warning: Grenades armed with th e im pact detonating fuze will NOT be projec ted fromth e serv ice rifle. In tra ining, personnel will no trelease the safety lever prior to throwing no r willthey obse rve the grenade' s impacL A 5-minutewaiting perio d must he observed prior to ap proaching a dud. I f a grenade armed with theimpact detonating fuze is dropped accidP.ntallyafter the safety pin ha s been removed, the grenadeMUST be picked up a nd thrown to a safe area.Under no circumstances should the grenade bekicked or tossed into a sump or ditch, since anysud den jarring of the grenade after the armingdelay is expended, will cause detonation.8. Igniting Fuzesa. M201Al Fuze (1, fig. 6). This fuze is de

signed fo r use with chemical hand grenades whose7


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TO APPLY SAFETY CLIP=

CD SLIDE CLIPON HANDLEFigure S. Attaching the hand grenade safety clip.

fillers are initiated by burning (the M6- and theM7-series of riot control grenades, the AN-M8 HCwhite smoke grenade, the AN-M14 TH3 incendiary grenade, and the M18 colored smoke grenade). The M201Al fuze is interchangeable withany standard firing device. The fuze functions asdescribed in paragraph 6. The time delay elementis a powder train requiring 1.2 to 2 seconds toburn to the igniter. The igniter ignites the filleror a pyrotechnic starter with a violent burningactiort and causes the filler to be expelled fromthe grenade body.

b. M205A1 and M205A2 Fuzes (2, fig. 6).

These fuzes are used with the M30 practice handgrenade. The fuze functions as described in para-graph 6. The time delay element is a powder trainwith a 4- to 5-second burning time.

c. Special Igniter (3, fig. 6) . This fuze is usedwith the MKI illuminating hand grenade. Thefuze functions as described in paragraph 6. Thespecial igniter differs from other igniting-typefuzes in that it contains a quick match, ratherthan a powder delay train. The quick match hasa burning time of 7 seconds, after which it setsoff an igniter charge. The igniter charge initiatesthe burning process of the grenade's filler.

Section Ill. FRAGMENTAT ON HAND GRENADES9. GeneralFragmentation hand grenades (fig. 7) are usefulweapons in both the offensive and defensive comba t roles. They are particularly effective for closecombat and are capable of inflicting multiplecasualties without requiring perfect aiming ordisclosing the soldier's position.10. MK2 Fragmentation Hand Grenade(1, fig. 7)The MK2 fragmentation hand grenade is beingphased out as existing quantities are expended.8

The grenade is presently being used by the armiesof our allies in many parts of the world.a. Body. Cast iron (serrated to facilitate frag-mentation).b. Fille1. 2 ounces of flaked TNT.c. Fuze. M204A1, or M204A2 (para 7a).d. Weight. 21 ounces.e. Safety Clip. For the proper method of installing the hand grenade safety clip, see para-

graph 6a (2).f. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade 30 meters, or it can be projected 140


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M204A2 DETONATING FUZE(4-5 SECOND DELAY)

FILLING PLUGCLOSURE PLUG

...~

O E ~ A Y E L E M E ~ T

SAFETY LEVER

COMP B CHARGE

FIRING SPRING

SLIDER ASSEMBLY

C-12 INTEGRAL FUZE FORM 2S-SERIESOF RIOT CONTROL GRENADES (1.4-3 SECONDDELAY).

F igure 4.

FUZE

DELAY EL!MENT

FUZE WELL----

Detonating fuzes.

0M206A2 DETONATING FUZE(4-S SECOND DELAY)

THERMALCARTRIDGE

M217 IMPACT DETONATING FUZE(4-SECOND DELAY; I-SECONDARMING DELAY)

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meters from the service rifle. The grenade has aneffective casualty radius of 10 meters.g. Color. Olive drab body with a single yellowband at the top. The yellow band indicates a highexplosive filler.11. M26 and M26A1 Fragmentation

Hand Grenades(2, fig. 7)The M26 fragmentation hand grenade was de-signed to replace the MK2 grenade and has beenin the hands of troops since the Korean Conflict.The original design of the M26 grenade was latermodified to improve it s fragmentation character-istics and was designated the M26Al. Both theM26 and the M26Al grenades are presently in use.

a. Body. Thin sheet metal. (Fragments areproduced from a serrated wire coil fitted to theinside of the sheet metal grenade body.)b. Fille1. 5.5 ounces of composition B.c. Fuze. M204A1 or M204A2 with the M26;M204A2 with the M26Al.d. Weight. 16 ounces.e. Safety Clip. For the proper method of in-stalling the hand grenade safety clip, see para-

graph 6a (2).f. Capabilities. The average soldier can throwthe grenade 40 meters, or it can be projected 160meters from the service rifle. The grenade hasan effective casualty radius of 15 meters.g. Colo'r and Ma1kings. Olive drab body witha single yellow band at the top and yellow mark-ings. The yellow band and markings indicate ahigh explosive filler.12. M56 Fragmentation Hand GrenadeThe M56 grenade differs from the M26A1 gre-nade (2, fig . 7) in that the M56 grenade containsa larger amount of filler and its fuze well is largerin diameter to accommodate the larger M215time delay fuze.

a. Body. Same as the M26A1 grenade.b. Filler. 6.3 ounces of composition B.c. Fuze. M215 t ime delay fuze (para 7d).d. W eight. 15.2 ounces.e. Capabilities. Same as the M26Al grenade.f. Color and Ma1kings. Same as the M26Algrenade.

13. M57 Fragmentation Hand Grenade(3, fig. 7)The M57 grenade differs from the M56 grenadein that it has an impact detonating fuze.

a. Body. Same as the M26A1 grenade.b. Fille?-. 6.3 ounces of composition B.10

c. Fuze. M217 impact detonating fuze (para7e).

d. Weight. 15.2 ounces.e. Capabilities. Same as the M26A1 grenade,except that the M57 grenade will detonate onimpact 1 second after the safety lever has beenreleased or automatically within 4 seconds after

the safety lever has been released if no impactoccurs. The M57 cannot be rifle projected. The"cookoff" technique (para 37) win not be at -tempted with the M57 grenade.f. Colo'r and Markings. Same as the M26A1grenade, except that the safety lever is paintedred and has the word IMPACT embossed inraised letters on its surface.

14. M33 Fragmentation Hand Grenade(4, fig. 7)The M33 grenade differs from the M26, M26A1,M56, and M57 grenades in that the M33 has anoblate spheriod body and contains a largeramount of filler. The diameter of the M33 fuzewell is the same as that of the M56 and M57fuzes.a. Body. Steel with an oblate spheriod shape.b. Filler. 6.5 ounces of composition B.

c. Fuze. M213 time delay fuze (para 7d).d. Weight. 13.9 ounces.e. Capabilities. Same as the M26Al grenade,except that the M33 grenade cannot be rifleprojected.f . Colo'r and Markings. Same as the M26Al

grenade.15. M59 Fragmentation Hand Grenade(5, fig. 7)The M59 grenade differs from the M33 in thatit is armed with an impact detonating fuze.

a. Body. Same as the M33 grenade.b. Fille1. 6.5 ounces of composition B.c. Fuze. M217 impact detonating fuze (para7e).d. Weight. 13.9 ounces.e. Capabilities. Same as the M26Al grenade,except that the M59 grenade will detonate onimpact 1 second after the safety lever has beenreleased or automatically within 4 seconds after

the safety lever has been released if no impactoccurs. The M59 grenade cannot be rifle pro-jected. The "cookoff" technique (para 37) willnot be attempted with the M59 grenade.

f. Color and Markings. Same as the M26Algrenade, except that the safety lever is paintedred and has the word IMPACT embossed inraised letters on its surface.


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16FE ET

//// /#

___ . ........ --NO FUNCTION ON I M P A ~ T

(WILL FUNCTION AFTER DELAY)Figure 5. Impact char acteristics of the M217 impact detonating fuze.

Section IV. CHEMICAL SMOKE HAND G'RENADES16. General sonnel within this 35-meter area should be in aChemical smoke hand grenades are designed pri-marily for signaling and screening. This grouping, however, includes the white phosphoroussmoke grenades which, in addition to their signaling and screening capabilities, have casualtyproducing and incendiary capabilities. The whitephosphorous grenade is similar to other chemicalsmoke hand grenades in color. For this reason,caution must be exercised to insure that the grenade is not used near friendly personnel forsignaling or for laying down a smoke screenwhich friendly personnel will have to movethrough.17. M34 White Phosphorous Smoke

Hand Grenade(1 and 2, fig. 8)The M34 white phosphorous smoke hand grenade is the most versatile of all hand grenades.The grenade can be used for signaling, screening,incendiary missions, or for producing casualties.

a. Body. Rolled steel (serrated to facilitatefragmentation).b. Filler. 15 ounces of white phosphorous.

c. Fuze. M206A2 (para 7b).d. Weight. 27 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throwthe grenade 30 meters, or it can be projected 120meters from the service rifle. The grenade has a

bursting radius of 35 meters. All friendly per-

covered position to avoid being struck by burningparticles. The WP filler burns for approximately60 seconds at a temperature of 5,000F. Thisintense heat causes the smoke produced by thegrenade to rise quite rapidly, especially in coolclimates, making the M34 grenade less desirablefor use as a screening agent. (The M15 WPsmoke hand grenade is similar to the M34. Fordetailed information, see TM 9-1330-200.)

f. Color and Markings.(1) Under the old ammunition color-codingsystem, the white phosphorous grenade is lightgray with a single yellow band and yellowmarkings.(2) Under the newer standard color-codingsystem, the M34 grenade is light green with asingle yellow band and light red markings.

Note . Most M34 WP smoke hand grenades presentlyin use were manufactured prior to the standard colorcoding system agreement and are painted according tothe old color code.18. AN-M8 HC White Smoke HandGrenade{3,fig.8)The AN-M8 white smoke hand grenade is usedto produce dense clouds of white smoke fo r signaling and screening. The smoke produced by thisgrenade clings to the ground more readily thanthe smoke of the M34 grenade. The AN-M8 grenade is used for ground-to-ground and groundto-air signaling, for marking targets or landing

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zones, and for screening the movements of smallunits fo r short periods of time.a. Body. Sheet steel.b. Filler. 19 ounces of type C, HC smoke

mixture.c. Fuze. M201A1 (para Sa).d. Weight. 24 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade 30 meters, or it can be projected 120meters from the service rifle. The grenade emitsa dense cloud of white smoke for 105 to 150seconds.f . Color and Markings. The grenade is lightgreen with black markings and has a white topto indicate the color of smoke it produces.19. M18 Colored Smoke Hand Grenade(4,fig.S)The MIS colored smoke hand grenade is used asa ground-to-ground or ground-to-air signalingdevice, a target or landing zone marking device,or to screen the movements of small units fo rshort periods of time. The grenade is availablein four colors : red, g1een, yellow, and violet.

a. Body. Sheet st eel. (Four emission holes atthe top and one at the bottom of the grenaderelease the filler when the grenade is ignited.)

b. Filler. 11.5 ounces of colored smoke mixture.c. Fuze. M201Al (para Sa).d. Weight. 19 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade a distance of 35 meters, or it can beprojected 120 meters from the service rifle. Thegrenade produces a cloud of colored smoke for50 to 90 seconds.f. Color and Markings.(1) Most grenades of the M18-series presently in use are not marked according to theold or the standard color-coding system. Instead,they are olive drab with gray or yellow markingsand a top the same color as the smoke producedby the grenade.(2) Under the standard co lor-coding system,the MIS grenade is the same color as the AN- M8,except that the top of the grenade is either red,green, yellow or violet indicating the color ofsmoke it produces.

Note. When using the AN- M8 or the M1 8 grenadesto mark landing or drop zones, ca re must be taken toinsure the grenade is thrown into an area where thesmoke will not obscure the landing area. I f the AN- M8or the M18 grenades fail to function, they may be ignitedby punching a hole in the bottom of the grenades toexpose the filler. The filler may then be ignited with amatch or other open flame. When using this expedientmethod, the grenades must immediately be thrown afterignition, since they burn at a fairly high temperatureand produce very dense smoke. This smoke is harmfulif inhaled in large quantities. When using the AN- MSHC white smoke grenade or the M34 WP smoke grenadefo r signaling or screening, care must be taken to insurethe grenades are not thrown into areas where they maystart fires detrimental to tactical operations.

20. GeneralSection V. RIOT CONTROL HAND GRENADESavailable in hand grenad e form.

Riot control hand grenades are designed chieflyto aid in quelling civil disturbances, prisoner ofwar riots, or similar disorders which require theuse of nonlethal agents to restore order. Thesegrenades are also effective in clearing buildingsor tunnel systems in which noncombatants maybe mixed with enemy personnel or on operationswhere the taking of prisoners is the primarymission. The M7A2 grenade and all other typesof burning grenades should not be used insidebuildings. The M25 CS grenade, the baseballtype, can be employed inside buildings since itdoes not constitute a fire hazard. The grenadeshould be used inside buildings to force personneloutside or to prevent their entry. Most riot control hand grenades may also be used in trainingto simulate chemical attacks.21 . Riot Control AgentsTo facilitate the accomplishment of the abovemissions, three types of riot control agents are12

a. CN, commonly known as "t ear gas." Theeffects of CN are a stinging sensation of the eyesand a continuous flow of tears.b. DM, a vomiting agent, often called "Adamsite," produces nausea and vomiting and normallyis used in hand grenades in combination with

other agents.c. CS, the most powerful of the riot controlagents. I t produces the same effects as CN and

adds involuntary closing of the eyes, nasal drip,severe coughing, tightness of the chest, extremedifficulty in breathing, and a stinging sensationon moist areas of the skin.22 . M6 and M6A1 CN-DM Riot Control

Hand Grenades(1 and 2, fig. 9)The M6 and M6Al riot control hand grenadescontain a combination mixture of CN and DM .They differ chiefly in external appearance and themanner in which the filler is combined.

a. Body. Sheet steel. (The M6 has six emis-


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M201Al1GNIT ING FUZE t 1.2-2 SECONDCD

M205AliGNITIHG FUZE ( 4-5 SECOND DELAY l

SAFETY LEVER

IGNITERCHARGE

ILLUM INACHARGE

CD

SPEC IAL IGNITER (1 SECOND DELAY)0Figure 6. Igniting fuzes.

sion holes at the top and two rows of nine emission holes each along the sides. The M6A1 grenade has four emission holes at the top and oneat the bottom.)b. Filler. M6 grenade, 10.5 ounces of CN-DMmixtUJe; M6A1 grenade, 9.5 ounces of CN-DMmixture.c. Fuze. M201AI (para 8a).d. Weight. M6 grenade, 17 ounces; M6A1 grenade, 20 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenades 35 meters. The M6 and the M6A1grenades can be projected 120 meters from theservice rifle. Both grenades emit a dense cloudof irritant agent for 20 to 60 seconds.

f. Color and Markings. The M6 and the M6AIgrenades have a gray body with a single red bandand red markings. (Under the standard colorcoding system, the single red band and red markings indicate a nonpersistent, riot control filler.A double red band with red markings indicatesa persistent riot control filler, and any combination of green bands and green markings indicatesa casualty-producing filler. P resently, there areno casualty agents in grenade form.)23. M7 and M7A 1 CN Riot Control

Hand Grenades(3,fig.9)The M7 and the M7AI riot control hand grenadescontain only CN for a filler. They differ chieflyin body construction and the amount of filler theycontain.

a. Body. M7 grenade, same as the M6; M7 A1grenade, same as the M6A1 grenade.b. Filler. M7 grenade, 10.25 ounces of CN;M7 AI grenade, 12.5 ounces of CN.c. Fuze. M201A1 (para 8a).d. Weight. M7 grenade, 17 ounces; M7 A1 grenade, I8.5 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenades 35 meters, or they can be projected120 meters from the service rifle. Both grenadesproduce a dense cloud of irritant agent for 20 to60 seconds.

f. Color and Markings. Same as the M6 andM6AI grenades.24. ABC-M7A2 and ABC-M7A3 CS Riot

Control Hand Grenades(3, fig.9)The ABC-M7 A2 and the ABC-M7A3 riot controlhand grenades contain only CS for a filler. Theydiffer only in the amount of filler and the formof CS they contain.

a. Body. The bodies of both grenades are the13


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MK2 FRAGMENTATION HAND GRENADE

CD M2iAl FRAGMENTATION HAND GRENADECD

M5l FRAGMENTATION HAND GRENADE WITH M2111MPACT DETONATING FUSE

Figure 7. Fragmentation hand grenades.

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M33 FRAGMENTATION HAND GRENADE

M59 FRAGMENTATION HAND GRENADEWTH M217 IMPACT DETONATING FUSE

Figure 7-Continued .

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same as the M6A1 and the M7A1 grenades withfour emission holes at the top and one at thebottom.

b. Filler. ABC- M7A2 grenade, 5.5 ounces ofburning mixture and 3.5 ounces of CS in gelatincapsules; ABC-M7A3 grenade, 7.5 ounces of burning mixture and 4.5 ounces of pelletized CS agent.c. Fuze. M201A1 (para Sa).

d. Weight. Approximately 15.5 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throwthe grenades 40 meters, or they can be projected120 meters from the service rifle. Both grenadesproduce a cloud of irritant agent fo r 20 to 60seconds.

f. Color and Markings. Same as the M6 andthe M6A1 grenades.25 . ABC-M25A 1 and ABC- M25A2 1 CN 11DM11 CS 1 Riot Control HandGrenades(4,fig.9)The ABC-M25Al and the ABC-M25A2 riot control hand grenades are bursting munitions withintegral fuzes. The M25A2 grenade is an improved version of the M25A1 grenade. The twotypes of grenades differ primarily in body construction. They are used to deliver all threetypes of riot control agents presently used inhand grenades.

a. Body. Compressed fiber or plastic hemispheres.b. Filler. The fillers of the M25-series of riotcontrol hand grenades vary in weight and composition according to the type of agent contained

in the grenade. All fillers are mixed with silicaaerogel for increased dissemination efficiency.c. Fuze. Integral (para 7c).d. Weight. 7.5 to 8 ounces, depending on thetype of filler.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade 50 meters. The M25-series of riotcontrol hand grenades cannot be rifle projected.The radius of burst (visible cloud agent) is approximately 5 meters, but fragments of the grenade occasionally are projected 25 meters.

f. Color and Ma'tkings. Same as the M6 andthe M6A1 grenades. (Most grenades of the M25-series presently in use are not painted accordingto any co lor-coding system. They are either totally unpainted or have only a red band and redmarkings.)

W l l rn ing: When the ABC-M25Al grenade isemployed , do not drop as immediate f unctioningmay result; do not attempt to replace a pulledsafety pin; and DO NOT RELAX THUMB PRESSURE ON AltlfiNG SLEEVE AFTER THESAFETY PIN IS P ULLED.

Section VI. SPECIAL PURPOSE HAND GRENADES26. GeneralThis section covers special purpose hand grenades.Included in this category are incendiary, illuminating, practice, and offensive hand grenades.27. AN- M14 TH3 Incendiary Hand

Grenade(1, fig. 10)The AN-M14 TH3 incendiary hand grenade isused to destroy equipment. It can be used todestroy or damage equipment, such as mortartubes, artillery and recoilless rifle breech blocks,and vehicle engine blocks. The grenade may alsobe used to start fires in areas containing flammable materials.a. Body. Sheet steel.

b. Filler. 26.5 ounces of thermate (TH3)mixture.c. Fuze. M201Al (para Sa).d. Weight. 32 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade 25 meters, or it can be projected 12016

meters from the service rifle. A portion of thethermate mixture is converted to molten iron,which burns at 4000F. and will fuse togetherthe metallic parts of any object with which itcomes in contact. Thermate is an improved version of thermite, the incendiary agent used inhand grenades during World War II . The thermate filler of the AN-M14 grenade burns for 40seconds and can burn through a %-inch homogeneous steel plate. It produces its own oxygenand will burn under water.f. Color and Ma'rkings. Incendiary grenadespresently in use are gray with purple markingsand a single purple band. Under the standardcolor-coding system, incendiary grenades are lightred with black markings.28. M30 Practice Hand Grenade(2, fig. 10)The M30 practice hand grenade simulates theM26-series of fragmentation hand grenades fortraining purposes. The grenade adds realism to


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training and familiarizes the soldier with thefunctioning and characteristics of the fragmentation hand grenade. (The M21 and MK1A1 practice grenades are similar in operation but arestandard "C" items. For detailed information, seeTM 9-1300-200.)a. Body. Cast iron. (The grenade body isreusable.)

b. Fuze. M205Al or M205A2.c. W eight. 16 ounces.d. Safety Clip. For the proper method of installing the hand grenade safety clip, see para-graph 6a (2).

e. Capabilities. The average so ldier can throwthe grenade 40 meters, or i t can be projected 160meters from the service rifle. The M30 grenadeemits a small puff of white smoke after a delayof 4 to 5 seconds and makes a loud "popping"noise. The grenade body can be used repeatedlyby replacing the fuze assembly.

Caution: Caution must be exercised to insurethat no detona ti ng fuzes are used with the grenade. The M205A l and M205A2 practi ce fuzesare the only one s au th orized for use with th e1\130 gr enade. A deto na ti ng f uze may cause th egrenade body to shatter on deton at ion, scatteringdanger ous f ragmen ts about th e detonation po int.f. Colo? and Markings. Light blue with whitemarkings. (The safety lever of the fuze is lightblue with black markings and a red tip.)29. MKI Illuminating Hand GrenadeThe MKI illuminating hand grenade is a groundsignaling and illuminating item. It s uses are similar to ground pyrotechnic signals, except that thegrenade burns only at ground level, whereas pyrotechnic signals burn in flight or while suspendedfrom a parachute. The MKI should not be usedin deep mud or swampy ground, because the grenade may become embedded in the ground withthe result that little or no illumination is

produced. The grenade burns with a very hotflame and may be used as an incendiary agent.Because of it s incendiary nature, caution shouldbe exercised in using the MKI to prevent fireswhich would be detrimental to tactical operations.a. Body. Sheet steel.b. F i ller. 3.5 ounces of illuminating pyrotech-nic composition.c. Fuze. Special igniter (para 8c).d. Weight. 10 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade 40 meters or it can be projected 200meters from the service rifle. The filler will burnfor 25 seconds producing 55,000 candlepower.The MKI grenade will illuminate an area 200meters in diameter.

f. Color and Markings . White with black markings (old); unpainted with black markings(new).30. MK3A2 OHensive Hand Grenade(4, fig. 10)The MK3A2 offensive hand grenade is designedto produce casualties during close combat whileminimizing danger to friendly personnel. Thegrenade is also used for concussion effects inenclosed areas, for blasting, or for demolitiontasks.a. Body. Fiber (similar to the packing con-tainer for the fragmentation hand grenade).

b. F i l ler. 8 ounces of TNT.c. Fuze. M206Al or M206A2 (para 7b).d. Weight. 15.6 ounces.e. Capabilities. The average soldier can throw

the grenade 40,meters. The MK3A2 has an effective casualty radius in open areas of 2 meters.Secondary missiles and bits of the fuze may beprojected as far as 200 meters from the detonation point. The grenade cannot be rifle projected.f. Color and Markings. The grenade is blackand has yellow markings around its middle.

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18

CDM34, WP SMOKE HANDGRENADE (OLD COLOR ANDMARKINGS).

AN-MB, HC SMOKE HANDGRENADE.

M34, WP SMOKE HANDGRENADE (STANDARD COLORAND MARKINGS).

CDMl8 COLORED SMOKE HANDGRENADE .Figure 8. Chemical smoke hand grenades.


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CDM6, CN DM RIOT CONTROL

HAND GRENADE

ABC M7A3 , CS RIOT CONTROLHAND GRENADE

M 6A1 , CNDM RIOT CONTROLHAND GRENADE

ABC M25A2 , CS RIOT CONTROLHAND GRENADE.

Figure 9. Riot control hand grenades.

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ANM t4 , TH 3 IN'CENDIARY HAND GRENADE(OLD MARKINGS)

CD

MK t ILLUMINATING HAND GRENADE

M 30 PRACTICE HAND GRENADE0

MK 3 A2, OFFENSIVE GRENADE

Figure 10. Special purpose hand grenades.


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CHAPTER 3HAND GRENADE TRAINING

Section I.31. IntroductionHand grenade training should emphasize throwing distance and accuracy. These are the two mostcritical factors of individual proficiency in a handgrenade training program. The training programshould be oriented toward instilling good grenadethrowing habits in the soldier. Upon completionof training, an individual should be able to throwgrenades with skill and confidence.32. Conduct of Hand Grenade TrainingThe initial phases of hand grenade training shouldstress safety precautions and direct supervisionof personnel being trained. This is necessarysince many soldiers may have difficulty in developing good throwing habits because of physicalor psychological limitations. These limitations areovercome only with patience and practice. As thecycle of training progresses, a soldier's confidenceand proficiency should progress accordingly. Inview of such progress, later phases of a grenade

GENERALtraining program should gradually reduce theamount of supervision. When a so ldier reachesthe final phase of grenade training, he is allowedto pu t into practice the training he has receivedin a course simulating conditions likely to befound on the battlefield.33. Training ObiectivesAlthough the primary objectives of a hand grenade training program are to develop a soldier'sproficiency in grenade throwing and to overcome any fear he may have of handling explosives, there are other factors of considerable importance in preparing the soldier to use grenadeson the battlefield. He must become familiar withthe various types of hand grenades, their functioning and uses, and safety considerations governing their use. Equally important in trainingare the proper methods of target engagement.These methods should enable a soldier to reactrapidly and effectively against targets which mayconfront him in battle.

Section II . FUNDAMENTALS OF HAND GRENADE TRAINING34. Holding the GrenadeSafety is the primary factor to be consideredwhen determining the proper method of holdingthe grenade.

a. Maximum safety and throwing comfort areobtained when the grenade is cradled in thethrowing hand with the safety lever held in placeby the area between the first and second jointsof t he thumb (1, fig. 11).

b. For right-handed personnel, the grenade isheld upright in order to position the pull ringwhere it can be easily removed by the indexfinger of the free hand (2, fig. 11). Fo r lefthanded personnel, the grenade is inverted withthe fingers and thumb of the throwing hand positioned in the same manner as by right-handedpersonnel (3, fig. 11)

c. The M25-series of riot control hand grenadeshave an arming sleeve which serves the same pur-pose as the safety lever on other grenades. Whenthrowing these grenades, the arming sleeve isheld in place by applying constant pressure withthe thumb of the throwing hand (4, fig. 11).35 . Throwing the Grenade(fig. 12)Since few men throw in the same manner, it isdifficult to establish firm rules or throwing techniques. There is, however, a recommendedmethod of grenade throwing which is easily mastered by most personnel. By practicing the stepsbelow, you will develop your throwing proficiencyto a point where your reaction to a presentedtarget is immediate.

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a. First, observe the target to mentally establish the distance between your throwing positionand the target area.b. Hold the grenade at shoulder level with thegrenade in your throwing hand and the indexfinger of your opposite hand grasping the pull

ring (1, fig. 12). Remove the safety pin with apulling, twisting motion. (If the tactical situation permits, you should observe the safety pin'sremoval.)Note. If the safety pin cannot be pulled out, lessen

the spreP.d of the legs of th e safety pin to facilitate re -moval. However, i f the grenade is not used, respread thelegs of the safety pin fo r safety in carrying.c. To remove the safety pin and the safety clipfrom hand grenades mentioned in paragraph 6,hold the grenade at shoulder level with the grenade in your throwing hand. Insert the indexfinger of your opposite hand into the pull ring,and place your thumb across the gr enade leverand onto the squared end of the safety clip (fig.

13). While pulling the pin with your index finger,simultaneously rotate the clip to the left withyour thumb until the clip clears the lever. As thepull pin clears the fuze, the safety clip rotatesclear of the grenade lever. (This procedure alsoapplies to left-handed soldiers, only with the handreversed, fig. 14.)Note. When using grenades equipped with the safetyclip, the positions and techniques described in this chapterfor throwing hand grenades remain unchanged.

d. As the safety pin is removed, immediatelylook back at your target.e. Throw the grenade with an overhead throwing motion, keeping your eyes trained at all timeson the target. Release the grenade somewhere

forward of your body and in your general fieldof vision (2 and 3, fig. 12). In this way, youtake advantage of the hand-and-eye coordinationinherent in most men.

f. Follow through on your throwing motionbeyond the point where the grenade is released(4, fig. 12). This follow through improves distance and accuracy and relieves the strain on yourthrowing arm.36. Throwing PositionsIn training, throwing positions are used for uniformity and control and to familiarize personnelwith the proper manner of throwing grenadesfrom positions commonly used in combat. Caremust be taken not to overemphasize throwingpositions in training; for in combat, the soldier'sthrowing position will be dictated by the amountof available cover, the range to the target, andthe type and location of the target. The positionsdescribed below point out the use and limitationsof each position.22

CD PROPER GRIP OF THE GRENADE ClOP VIEW, RIGHT HANOI

0 PROPER GRIP OF THE GRENADE !RIGHT-HAND THROWER)

CD PROPER GRIP OF THE GRENADECLEFT- HAND THROWER)

HOLiliNG THE M25 RIOT CONTROLHAND GRENADE

Figure 11. Holding the grenade.


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a. Standing Position (1, fig. 15) . This positionis the most desirable and natural one from whichto throw grenades. The position allows an individual to obtain the greatest possible throwingdistance. Throwing from this position is accomplished as follows:(1) Assume a natural stance with yourweight balanced equally on both feet. Using theproper grip, hold the grenade shoulder high.(2) Throw the grenade with a natural motion using the procedure described in paragraph35. (3) I f available, duck behind cover to avoidbeing hit by fragments. I f no cover is available,drop to the prone position with your helmet facing the direction of the grenade's detonation.

b. Kneeling Position (2, fig. 15). This positionreduces the distance to which a grenade can bethrown. The position is used primarily when theso ldier has only a low wall, a shallow ditch, orsimilar cover to protect him. Throwing from thisposition is accomplished as follows:(1) Using the proper grip and with the grenade held shoulder high, kneel in the mo st comfortable manner.(2) Throw the grenade with a naturalthrowing motion. Push off with your trailing footto give added force to your throw.(3) When the grenade is r eleased, drop tothe prone position or behind available cover tominimize exposure to fragmentation.

c. Prone to Kneeling Position (3, fig. 15) . Thisposition is used when no cover is available andthe grenade must be thrown a greater distancethan is possible from the prone position. Throwing from this position is accomplished as follows:(1) Face the target and assume the pronepos ition. Hold the grenade forward of your headwhere you can observe the grenade as you removethe safety pin.(2) After the safety pin is removed, assumethe kneeling position.(3) Afte r throwing the grenade, return tothe prone position with your helmet facing thedirection of the target.d. Alternate Prone Po sition (4, fig. 15). Thisposition reduces both distance and accuracy. Itis used when an individual is pinned down byhostile fire and is unable to rise to engage hista rget. Throwing from th is position is accomplished as follows :

(1) Lie on your back with your body perpendicular to the grenade's intended line of flight.Hold the grenade at shoulder level as in the standing position.(2) Your right leg (left leg for left-handed

throwers) is cocked with your foot braced firmlyagainst the ground. After removal of the safetypin, hold the grenade away from your body withyour arm cocked for throwing.(3) With your free hand, grasp any objectthat is capable of giving you added leverage.This leverage will increase your throwing distance. In th rowing the grenade, push off withyour rearward foot to give added power to yourthrow. After throwing the grenade, roll over ontoyour stomach and press yourself flat against theground.37. "Cookoff" and "Airburst"Many times in combat, targets confronting theinfant ryman may be of such a nature that normalmethods of target engagement are inadequate.For example, troops or weapons in trench or foxhole posit ions are better engaged by causing agrenade to burst over these targets. Further-more, if the ta rgets are located on sloping groundand impact detonating grenades are unavailable,it would then be desirable to detonate a grenadeas near impact as possible to prevent its ro llingaway f rom the target before the time delay is expended. Such above ground detonation also prevents the enemy from securing the grenade andthrowing it back before the time delay is expended. Above ground detonation is especiallycritical when bunker-type emplacements are engaged. To achieve above ground detonation ornear impact detonation, r emove the grenade'ssafety pin, release the safety lever, and count"ONE THOUSAND ONE, ONE THOUSANDTWO," and then throw the grenade. Th is procedure will expend a sufficient period (approximately 2 seconds) of the grenade's 4- to 5-secondtime delay to cause the grenade to detonate aboveground or shortly after impact with the target.Fragmentation and white phosphorous hand grenades will not be detonated in such a manner intraining.

W arning : It is possib le for gr enades to have aminimum delay ti me of 3 seconds . A grenadewhich has a 3-second delay that is held fo r 2seconds coul d expose the user to a se rious sa fetyhazard .38. Carrying Hand Grenades

a. The way grenades are carried is probablythe most neglected aspect of hand grenade tra ining. Experiences by American infantrymen, bothin combat and in training, point out the needfor training in carrying hand grenades and theintegration of this type of training, whenever possible, into tactical training exercises.

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CD PULLING THE PIN. 0 PREPARING TO THROW.


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Figure 19. Removi1tg the safety pin and thesafety clip (right-handed in dividuals).

b. Before attaching hand grenades to webequipment for carrying, the following safety pre-cautions should be taken :(1 ) Check the grenade's fuze assembly fortightness, since it must be screwed tightly into

the grenade's fuze well in order to prevent thegrenade from working loose during movementand separating from the fuze assembly. The fuzeshould never be removed from a grenade, unlessthe grenade is being prepared as a boobytrapusing some other firing device.(2) I f the grenade's safety lever is broken,do not use the grenade. The safety pin should notbe bent back so that it is flush against the fuzebody. This procedure, designed to preclude acci-dental pulling of the pin, makes the removal of

the safety pin difficult and, in some cases, im-possible. Also, repeated working of the safetypin in this manner will cause the pin to break,creating a hazardous condition.c. The prescribed manner of carrying handgrenades is by the carrying straps on the uni-versal ammunition pouch (fig. 16). There are

Figure 11;. Removing the safety pin andthe safety clip (left-handed indiv-iduals).

two carrying straps on the ammunition pouchwhich are designed specifically for carrying gre-nades. Grenades are attached to the ammunitionpouch in the following manner:(1) After checking the fuze fo1 tightness,hold the web carrying sleeve on the rear of theammuntion pouch flat against the pistol belt, andslide the grenade's safety lever into the sleeve.(2) Be sure the pull ring on the safety pinis pointing downward.(3) Wrap the carrying strap around the

neck of the fuze, including the safety lever andthe pull ring, and snap the carrying strap to thecarrying sleeve.(4) During marches, periodically check thegrenade to make certain the fuze is tight andthe carrying strap is secure.

d. Five fragmentation grenades can be carriedusing the universal ammunition pouch; two gre-nades are attached to the outside of the pouchand three are carried inside.Warning: Hand grenades will not be at-

tached to a ny equipment by the pull ring on th egrenade's snfety pin.

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CD STANDING POSITION @ KNEELING POSTION

G)PRONE TO KNEELING POSTIONFigure 15. Throwing positions.

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PULLING THE PIN PREPARING TO THROW

THROWING THE GRENAD E FOLLOWING THROUGH

ALTERNATE PRON E POSITION

Figure 15.-Continued.

Section Ill. HAND GRENADE TRAINING COURSES39. Distance and Accuracy Course

a. Purpose. The distance and accuracy courseis the initial phase of the soldier's practical workwith hand grenades. The purpose of the courseis to develop the soldier's grenade throwing proficiency and to insure the soldier develops goodgrenade throwing habits. The course requiresclose supervision by experienced personnel.

b. Conduct. Before conducting the course, thesoldier is given a briefing on the objectives ofthe course and how he is to engage the targets.He is then given a demonstration of how thecourse is conducted. For control, the NCOICof the course issues the commands: PREPARETO THROW, PULL PIN, and THROW GRENADE. He also moves the orders between stations. The unit being trained is divided into 20-man orders. Each throwing station requires aminimum of two supervisory personnel. Each

order is assigned a starting station and is movedon command to each of the succeeding stations.The course is conducted as follows:(1) Station 1. The soldier is issued threeunfuzed practice hand grenades. He uses thestanding position to engage a foxhole-type target30 meters from the throwing line. Midway between the throwing line and the target, a wireor rope cable is suspended across the station ata height of 4.5 meters (16 feet). This cable pointsout that in order to gain distance in his throw,he must also obtain height in throwing. Whenhe engages the target, the soldier's grenade shouldpass over the cable. After his order has completed throwing all three grenades, the soldiermoves to the target area on command from theNCOIC, and secures and returns the grenades hethrew to the throwing point of Station 1. Hethen moves directly to Station 2.

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hl8tructor's Note. A soldier who demonstrates complete inability to throw the grenade should be sent toa separate area to receive intensive, individual instruction.( 2) Station 2. The soldier is issued threeunfuzed practice hand grenades. He uses thestanding position to engage a trench-type targetat a range of 40 meters. Again, a cable is suspended across the station at a height of 4.5 meters(16 feet) and midway between the throwing lineand the target. After his order has completedthrowing all three grenades, the soldier moves tothe target area on command from the NCOIC,and secures and returns the grenades he threw tothe throwing point of Station 2. He then movesdirectly to Station 3.Instructor's Note. The soldier starts this stationin a kneeling position. He then stands, throws, and returns to the kneeling position which gives him coverbehind a low wall.(3) Station 8. The soldier is issued threeunfuzed hand grenades. He uses the kneelingposition to engage a window-type target at arange of 20 meters from the throwing line. Afterhis order has completed throwing all three grenades, the soldier moves to the target area oncommand from the NCOIC, and secures and returns the grenades he threw to the throwing pointof Station 3.

c. Summary. When the soldier has completedthe distance and accuracy course, he will havethrown a grenade comparable in weight to thefragmentation grenade a total of nine times attargets spaced at varying distances from thethrowing line. He will know that in order toobtain throwing distance, he must also obtainthrowing height. Through close supervision, hewill have developed his throwing distance andaccuracy, as well as good grenade throwinghabits. It should be remembered that successfulengagement of all targets in this course is nota prerequisite for throwing casualty-producinggrenades. I t is desirable for the soldier to complete the distance and accuracy course beforehe advances to the hand grenade assault/ qualification course and the hand grenade familiarization course. Range facilities for the distance andaccuracy course are described in appendix C.40. Hand Grenade Assault Qualification

Coursea. Purpose. To train the soldier in the uses ofhand grenades and the proper methods of engaging targets. The assault/ qualification trainingshould be conducted following distance and accuracy training; howeve r, it is not necessary forthe soldier to successfully complete the hand grenade assault/ qualification course prior to throw

ing casualty-producing grenades. During the28

Figure 16. Hand grenades attached to the ammunitionpouch.

assault/qualification course, the soldier puts intopractice the instruction he has already receivedand the proficiency he has developed. The assault/ qualification course allows the soldier to usefuzed practice hand grenades and to engage tar-gets in natural terrain under simulated combatconditions. Each lane of the course requires onesupervisor and one grader per station; thus thesoldier will proceed as directed by the noncom-missioned officer in charge of each lane.

b. Conduct. The course consists of six throwing stations in each lane. The number of lanesused depends on the size of the unit being trained.Each soldier is started at Station 1, and he thenmoves in sequence through Station 6. To add realism to the course, a machinegun or an automaticrifle fires blank ammunition, in the direction ofthe soldiers conducting the course, from a minimum distance of 60 meters. After a soldier completes throwing at a station, he moves at a runto his next throwing station and is replaced athis original station by another soldier. The samesequence is followed throughout the course untilall soldiers have engaged targets at all stations.Before conducting the course, the soldier is givena briefing on the objectives of the course and ademonstration of how the course is run. Thesoldier receives 10 practice hand grenades (5unfuzed and 5 fuzed practice hand grenades sothat he may properly attach them to his webequipment). The soldier starts on commandfrom the NCO IC of the lane. The course is conducted as follows:

Note. One fuzed practice grenade must be thrown ateach target from Stations through 6. An unfuzed practice grenade may be thrown at the target from Station 1.The soldier may use the four remaining unfuzed practice grenades in a second throw at any of the targets


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he misses (2 through 6) with the fuzed grenade, includinga second throw at the target from Station 1; howeverno more than two grenades may be used at any onestation.(1) Station 1. The soldier uses the standingposition from behind chest-high cover (4.5-feethigh) to engage a silhouette target in a foxholeat a range of 20 meters. After throwing hispractice grenade, he quickly observes the targetand moves at a run to his next throwing station.(2) Station 2. The soldier uses the kneelingposition from behind a low wall to engage a window target at a range of 20 meters. After thegrenade goes off, he quickly observes the targetand moves at a run to his next station.(3) Station 9. The soldier uses the proneto kneeling position in the open to engage anumber of silhouette targets in a trench at arange of 20 meters. After throwing his grenade,he drops to the prone position. After the grenadegoes off, he observes the target and moves at arun to his next station.(4) Station 4. The soldier uses the kneelingposition from behind a low wall to engage a groupof silhouette targets in a trench at a range of25 meters. After his grenade detonates, the soldier quickly observes the target and moves at arun to his next station.(5) Station 5. The soldier uses the standingposition from a foxhole to engage a cluster ofsilhouette targets in the open at a range of 30meters. After his grenade goes off, he observeshis target and moves at a run to his next station.(6) Station 6. The soldie r approaches abunker from the rear in order to engage thebunker. He throws his grenade into the bunkerfrom either the rear or the sides. After his grenade detonates, he moves on the run to the finishing line where he waits for the remainder of hisgroup to complete the course.

c. Summary. Upon completion of the course,the soldier will have thrown fuzed practice handgrenades at various types of targets using different throwing positions. This will have acquainted him with the time delay on casualtyproducing grenades. The course gives the soldieran insight into the types of targets he may encounter in combat and provides him added confidence in his ability to use hand grenades on thebattlefield. Range facilities for the hand grenadeassault/ qualification course are described inappendix C.41 . Hand Grenade Familiarization

Coursea. Pwtpose. Once the soldier has developed his

throwing proficiency and engaged targets with

hand grenades under simulated combat conditions, he should be allowed to throw casualtyproducing grenades. Throwing these grenadesgives him experience in handling explosives andincreases his confidence. Since this is the firsttime in training that he will handle explosives,maximum emphasis must be given to safety.b. Conduct. Before throwing casualty-produc

ing hand grenades, the soldier is given a briefingon the conduct of the course and applicable safetyconsiderations. He then witnesses a demonstration of the proper procedures used in throwingcasualty-producing grenades. (The demonstration is conducted in a practice bay using the M30practice grenade.) The soldier goes through thecourse using practice hand grenades in a practice grenade bay area which closely duplicates thefacility from which he will throw casualty-ploducing hand grenades. The practice course willimmediately precede the throwing of casualtyproducing grenades. The course is conducted asfollows:( 1) The soldier is issued a fuzed practicehand grenade and is moved to the throwing bayon command. He keeps his grenade in the lowerhalf of its packing container until he enters thethrowing bay.(2) When the soldier arrives in his throwingbay, he stands in the center of the bay with hisback to the left wall, if he is right-handed, or tothe right wall if he is left-handed. This procedureallows the safety noncommissioned officer in hisbay to face him and observe his actions. The soldier takes all commands from the safety NCOin his bay. The NCO commands PULL PIN. Atthis time the soldier removes the safety pin andprepares to throw. When the safety NCO is certain the so ldier is prepared to throw the grenade,he commands THROW. The soldier immediatelythrows the grenade and takes cover. He does notobserve the strike of his grenade.

Instructor's Note. When throwing grenadesequipped with the safety clip, the command REMOVESAFETY CLIP will precede the command PULL PIN.The live course is conducted the same as the practicecourse, except fragmentation hand grenades ar e used.The soldier assumes a kneeling position in the center ofthe throwing bay, i f more than one throwing bay is used.The officer in charge of the course issues the commandfo r the soldier whose turn it is to throw to stand bycommanding BAY NUMBER _ , STAND. The soldierthen takes all subsequent commands from the safety NCOin his bay.

c. Summa1y. Upon completion of the hand grenade familiarization course, the so ldier will havethrown practice and casualty-producing grenades.I t must be remembered that the objective of thistraining is to give the soldier confidence in the

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grenade and in his own ability to effectively useit. All instruct ion must be oriented towardachieving these ends. Every possible precautionmust be taken to insure that the soldier is notmade to fear the grenade. Next to small arms and40-mm ammunition, fragmentation hand grenades are the most commonly used weapon in theinfantryman's possession. It is the responsibilityof every instructor to instill confidence in themen he trains. The soldier needs this confidenceto properly and effectively use hand grenades andto overthrow any fear he may have of handlinga grenade.42. Hand Grenade Confidence Course

a. Purpose. Once the soldier has developed histhrowing proficiency and has been introduced tothrowing casualty-producing hand grenades, heshould be given an opportunity to apply his newlyacquired proficiency in a simulated tactical situation requiring the use of grenades. The HandGrenade Confidence Course is designed to accomplish this objective. The physical layout of thecourse is described in appendix C, and illustratedin figure 37.

b. Conduct. The Hand Grenade ConfidenceCourse has a practice and a live course, each consisting of an assembly area, a final coordinationline, an initial holding area, a covering position,a th rowing position, and a final holding area.(1) The course is started with an orientationperiod covering the characteristics and functioning of the practice and fragmentation handgrenades, safety considerations governing theconduct of training, and a discussion and demonstration of the conduct of the course fo r the entireunit being trained.(2) Following the initial orientation, eachplatoon ( 48-60 men) is broken down into 10-mansquads and each man is given a number (1through 10). Each platoon is moved to a separateassembly area for the practice course where theofficer in cha1ge (0/C) of the range presents atactical situation. Unfuzed practice hand grenadesare issued to the platoon for the practice conductof the course. All personnel are inspected by the0 /C before they negotiate the course to make certain that all grenades are properly secured to webequipment.

(3) The course is conducted as follows:(a ) The first squad moves in a line formation, ALPHA team on the right, from a tree line

that represents the final coordination line of thepractice course.(b ) Upon arrival at a mound representing

the initial holding area, the squad is taken30

under fire by a machinegun simulator. The squadleader sends two men from the right side of theline to bunker number one near the objective. Thecontrol NCO directs the number one man on theright to move to bunker number two within handgrenade range of the objective. From bunkernumber two, the soldier observes target areanumber one and engages it with an unfuzed practice hand grenade. When the grenade is thrown,the safety officer commands ALL DOWN. At thistime, all personnel ge t behind protective cover.After the grenade functions (the safety officercounts to seven which indicates the amount oftime personnel must remain behind the protective cover) , the soldier engages target area number two with a second unfuzed practice handgrenade. When the grenade is thrown, the safetyofficer commands ALL DOWN.(c) The soldier who threw the grenadesmoves by the most direct route back to the finalholding area where he is critiqued by the critiqueNCO. Covering fire is resumed from bunker number one. The squad leader then sends a new manto bunker number one where he provides coveringfire for the number two man who moves to bunkernumber two to throw his grenades. After the second grenade functions (simulated, as in (b)above), the soldier being critiqued by the critiqueNCO moves directly to the initial holding area.(d) The above sequence is repeated untilall squad personnel have thrown grenades andprovided covering fire. The first soldier to throwgrenades provides covering fire fo r the last manto throw.

(e ) After the first group has finished thepractice course and has been critiqued, it returnsto the assembly area and then moves to the Jivecourse for the final run with fragmentation gre-nades. After the first group has completed thepractice course, the practice and live courses arerun concurrently on separate training courts.Instructor's Note. In the practice course simulated rifle fire and practice grenades are used. Blankammunition and two live grenades are used in the con

duct of the live course.( 4) The safety officer on the practice coursemust carefully observe the actions of soldiersthrowing practice grenades. If the safety officerdetects any unsafe acts or extreme nervousnesson a thrower's part, the thrower will be identifiedto the critique NCO. The critique NCO will pointout the thrower's mistakes and send him backthrough the practice course. In some instances,it may be necessary to place an individual whohas extreme difficulty in properly handling grenades under the control of an assistant instructorfor detailed instruction. In no instance will a man


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be allowed to throw live fragmentation grenadesuntil he has clearly demonstrated his ability tothrow practice grenades during the practice conduct of the course.(5) The following safety personnel ar e r equired for the Hand Grenade Confidence Course :(a) Safety Officer. The safety officer(0/C) is responsible fo r the overall conduct ofthe problem, presentation of bleacher orientation,and tactical briefing. After issuing the operationorder in the assembly area, the safety officer ispositioned in the safety bunker where he has theimmediate responsibility of supervising hand grenade throwing.(b) Squad leaders. The squad leaders alternate moving squads to and from the initialholding areas. They are responsible fo r insuringthat all personnel are behind protective cover inthe initial holding area when grenades are beingthrown. Squad leaders must check each soldier'sgrenades before he moves from the initial holdingarea to bunker number one.(c) Controlle1. The controller is the seniorassistant instructor. He is positioned in bunkernumber one where he controls the movement ofall personnel both before and after each grenadeis thrown; he also controls the soldier furnishingcovering fire.

(d) Critique NCO. The critique NCO ispositioned in the final holding area. He administers a critique to each thrower immediately afterthe man arrives from bunker number two. Toinsure continuity, the critique NCO will observethe same squad during both the practice and livecourses. The critique NCO will brief each member of the squad after both the practice and livecourses. He then returns to the practice courseto observe another squad.(6) The t raining facility fo r the Hand Grenade Confidence Course consists of a practicegrenade court for throwing the M30 practice grenades and a live grenade court for throwing fragmentation grenades. These two courts are constructed alike and close together in order to alloweasy movement from one to the other. The HandGrenade Confidence Course should be conductedconcurrently with another 2-hour period of instruction in order to minimize terrain and personnel requirements. Time breakdown for theconduct of training is as follows:

(a ) Initial orientation: 20 minutes.(b ) Tactical situation briefing, ammunition issue, and inspection prior to crossing thefinal coordination line: 10 minutes.(c) Practice run: 35 minutes. (Practiceand live runs are run concurrently after the firstsquad completes the practice run.)

(7) The following ammunition is requiredfor the Hand Grenade Confidence Course:(a) For each soldier.

1. Cartridge, blank, 5.56-mm: 20 rounds.2. Grenade, hand, practice, M30 unfuzed: two.3. Grenade, hand, fragmentation, M26-series : two.

(b) Fo r each demonstration.1. Cartridge, blank, 5.56-mm: 20 rounds.2. Grenade, hand, practice, M30 unfuzed: two.(8) Upon completion of the Hand GrenadeConfidence Course, the soldier will have obtainedadded confidence in his ability to effectively usegrenades in combat, and he will have seen howgrenades are integrated into tactical operations.Additionally, he will have learned the value offire and movement and teamwork when using grenades in an offensive combat role.

43. Hand Grenade CookoH-ImpactCoursea. Purpose. The "cook-off-impact" course is designed to increase the soldier's confidence andproficiency when engaging various nearby enemy

targets using hand grenades. The purpose of the"cookoff" procedure with time-delay fuzes andgrenades armed with impact fuzes is to preventthe grenade from rolling away from the target,from being returned by the enemy, or giving theenemy time to take evasion action.b. Conduct. Before conducting the course, thesoldier is given an orientation of the course objectives and how he is to engage the targets. Heis then given a demonstration of how the courseis conducted. Each soldier is given two fuzed(time-delay) practice XM69 grenades, two fuzed(impact) practice XM66 grenades, and one unfuzed practice grenade. Each soldier starts atStation 1. The unfuzed grenade is thrown firstto give the soldier a chance to dry-run the "cookoff" procedure. After engaging the target withone fuzed (M228 time-delay) practice XM69 grenade, the soldier moves to Station 2 to engage thebunker with his second fuzed (M228 time-delay)practice XM69 grenade. The soldier then movesto Station 3 to engage the targets with his thirdfuzed (XM225 impact) practice XM66 grenade.The soldier then moves to Station 4 to practiceretrieving a dropped fuzed (XM225 impact)practice XM66 grenade. Each throwing stationrequires one NCO who will insure that the soldierreleases the safety lever, begins his count of "onethousand, two thousand," and then throws thegrenade.

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(1) Station 1. The soldier uses the kneelingposition from behind a low wall to engage a groupof silhouette targets in a trench at a range of 25meters. He must use the "cookoff" procedure withhis XM69 practice grenade equipped with a timedelay fuze to engage the target with an airburst.After his grenade detonates, the soldier quicklyobserves the target and moves to the next station.

(2) Station 2. The soldier approaches abunker from the rear and uses the "cookoff" procedure to engage the bunker. He throws hisXM69 practice grenade equipped with a timedelay fuze into the bunker from either the rear orthe sides. After his grenade detonates, he movesto the finish line where he waits for the remainderof his group to complete the course.

(3) Station 8. The soldier uses the kneelingposition from behind a low wall to engage a groupof silhouette targets in the open at a range of 30meters. He must throw the XM66 practice grenade equipped with an impact fuze over the wirelocated midway to the target (to allow the onesecond arming delay time to elapse). After hisgrenade detonates, the soldier quickly observesthe target and moves to the next station.

(4) Station 4. The soldier takes th e standing position in a foxhole. After he pulls the pinfrom his last XM66 practice grenade equippedwith an impact fuze, he is instructed to drop thegrenade into the foxhole, reach down and retrieveit, and quickly throw it toward the silhouettetargets.

lnst?-ucto?'s Note. This exercise is designed to develop confidence in the one-second arming delay time andto point ou t the danger involved if impact occurs to thegrenade after the one-second arming delay time ha selapsed. The foxhole should have no grenade sump. Th etrainee should be instructed not to attempt to kick thedropped grenade, but immediately retrieve it and throwthe grenade at the targets.c. Summary. Upon completion of the course,the soldier will have thrown four fuzed practicehand grenades. This will acquaint him with the"cookoff" procedure and enable him to compare itwith impact fuzed grenades. The course provideshim confidence in his ability to use hand grenadesequipped with the time-delay or impact fuzes toengage various type targets he may encounter onthe battlefield.

Instructor's Note. After the f i ~ s t group has completedthe confidence course, the "cookoff-impact" and confidencecourses ar e conducted concurrently on separate trainingcourts.

Section IV. HAND GRENADE TRAINING SAFETY44. Handling Casualty-Producing Hand

GrenadesSafety instructions governing the handling ofcasualty-producing hand grenades are found inAR 385-63, AR 385-65, TM 9-1330-200, TM 9-1370-200, and TM 9-1900. In addition to the instructions contained in these publications, thefollowing safety precautions will be adhered to:WARN ING: Unauth orized mod ification to ser

vice grenades is pro h ib ited, as a safety hazard mayh e created. Tlt is is to include an y re str iction s onsafety pin, lever (h and) with tape, wire, e tc.

a. Personnel handling .or throwing casualtyproducing hand grenades or who are within thistype of grenade's danger area (230 meters) willwear steel helmets.

b. Personnel will throw fuzed practice handgrenades before throwing casualty-producinghand grenades.c. No hand grenades, other than fuzed practicehand grenades, will be defuzed by any individualexcept qualified and authorized supporting unitmaintenance personnel.d. Th(! guidelines listed in paragraph 7e fo rgrenades armed with the M217 impact detonating

fuze will be strictly adhered to.32

e. The safety pin on a grenade will not be removed until the grenade is to be thrown. Once thesafety pin is removed, it will not be placed backinto the grenade, and the grenade must be thrown.

f. Grenades found upside down in their packing containers will not be removed. The containers will be marked and returned to the is-suingfacility.g. Dud grenades will not be recovered, handled,

or otherwise tampered with by any individual except explosive ordnance disposal personnel.h. All throwing of casualty-producing handgrenades will be done under the supervision of a

commissioned officer (AR 385-63).i. I f a casualty-producing hand grenade isdropped accidentally after the safety-pin is removed, the soldie1 dropping the grenade and thesafety NCO in the throwing bay wil l -(1) Shout "GRENADE" to alert other personnel in the area that a casualty-producing handgrenade has been dropped.(2) Insure that tht grenade is picked up andthrown in a low arc into a safe area.Note. Grenades will no t be thrown into a sump,

ditch, or similar area. If protective cover is unavailable


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when the grenade is thrown into a safe area, personnelwill drop to the prone position with steel helmets facingthe direction of the grenade's detonation point. This procedure minimizes the area of a man's body that is exposedto blast and fragmentation, and it allows the steel helmetto deflect fragments.

j . In training, fragmentation hand grenadeswill not be removed from the bottom half of theindividual grenade containers until just beforeuse. As each soldier is called to stand and throwhis grenade, he will remove the grenade from thebottom half of the container, being sure to slidehis thumb over the safety lever before the leverclears the fiber container or the sleeve inside thecontainer. This procedure will prevent accidentsdue to damaged safety pins or levers. This technique is followed prior to issuing the grenadesto individuals negotiating the Hand Grenade Confidence Course. The soldier carries the grenadesattached to the ammunition pouch until he reachesthe throwing position.

k. Under no circumstances will grenade.s be at-tached to clothing or equipment by the pull 1-ing.Attaching grenades to clothing or equipment bythe pull ring can easily result in the safety pinbeing accidentally removed from the grenade.

l. If grenades are attached to clothing or equipment for extended periods of time, the fuze assembly may become loosened from the grenadebody, allowing moisture to enter the grenade. Toprevent moisture damage to the grenade, the fuzemust be periodically tightened.m. At least a 5-minute waiting period will beobserved before an HE-loaded grenade dud isapproached. Dud grenades will be removed ordestroyed in place only by authorized explosiveordnance disposal personnel.

45. Handling Noncasualty ProducingHand Grenades

a. Pmctice Hand Grenades. Personnel installing fuzes in practice hand grenades will install only the practice fuze designed for use witha specific practice grenade. Detonating fuzes maycause the grenade body to shatter, producing dangerous fragments. When reloading practice handgrenades, no more than one bag of 21 grains ofblack powder will be inserted into the grenadebody. More black powder than this will producea dangerous explosion which may shatter the grenade body. Practice grenades which fail to function will not be recovered for at least 10 minutes.

b. Chemical Hand Grenades.(1) Personnel will be no closer than 10meters to the AN-M14 TH3 incendiary hand grenade while it burns. Personnel should not lookdirectly into the burning thermate mixture sinceit may cause temporary blindness or permanenteye damage.(2) Safety levers of chemical hand grenadeswill not be released before throwing because ofthe extremely short time delay period.(3) Riot control hand grenades should not beused in enclosed areas during training. The M25-series of riot control hand grenades should not bedetonated nearer than 5 meters to any personnel.(For further information governing the use ofriot control hand grenades in training, see FM21-48.)(4) Smoke hand grenades will not be usedin enclosed areas during training.

(5) At least a 30-minute waiting period willbe observed prior to approaching a chemical grenade dud. Dud grenades will be removed ordestroyed in place only by authorized explosiveordnance disposal personnel.

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CHAPTER 4RIFLE GRENADES AND ACCESSORIES

Section I.46. Description

a. Rifle grenades, unlike hand grenades, areprojected only from the service rifle and do notlend themselves to throwing. Rifle grenades areused to assist in the accomplishment of fivemissions:(1) Antitank.(2) Antipersonnel.(3) Signaling.(4) Screening.(5) Incendiary.

b. Weapons such as the 40-mm grenadelauncher, M79 and the 66-mm high explosiveantitank rocket, M72, have taken over many ofthe combat roles previously assigned to rifle grenades. Despite this, rifle grenades are still inabundant supply, and the ever-changing worldmilitary picture dictates that training with riflegrenades be continued so that they may be quicklyand effectively used as the need arises.47. CharacteristicsRifle grenades can be fired in both the direct and

Section 11.49. GeneralThere are several accessories required for theprojection of rifle grenades from the service rifle.Rifle grenades require a means of attachment tothe rifle, a means of propelling the grenade to theintended target, and a means of sighting the rifleto accurately engage the target.50. Grenade Launchers and GrenadeRetainer SpringAlthough the M14 and M16Al are the standardrifles presently in use in the active Army, the M1rifle is still used by the reserve components of ourArmy and by the armies of many of our allies.

GENERALhigh-angle direct-fire roles (fig. 17). When usedin the high-angle direct-fire role, they are, ineffect, the infantryman's small unit mortar. Insuch a role, rifle grenades are capable of coveringthe dead space to the front of defensive positions,and they can fill the gap existing in high explosivefirepower between the maximum throwing distance of hand grenades and th e minimum safesupporting ranges of mortar and artillery fire.48. Main Parts

a. Rifle grenades consist of five main parts.(1) Grenade body.(2) Filler.(3) Fuze assembly.( 4) Stabilizer tube.(5 ) Fin assembly.

b. The body, filler, and fuze play the same partin rifle grenades as they do in hand grenades.The fin assembly and the stabilizer tube providethe grenade with its proper ballistic characteristics, giving the grenade stability in flight.

ACCESSORIESAccordingly, information on the accessories usedwith the Ml rifle is included in this publication.

a. M7A3 G1enade Launche1 (1, fig. 18) . TheM7A3 grenade launcher is designed for use withthe caliber .30, M1 rifle. The launcher has 9 annular rings and grooves numbered from 6 at themuzzle end of the launcher to 4A near the launcher's base. These annular rings and grooves have nometric or yard values as such; however, the closerthe base of the rifle grenade is placed to the 4Aposition, the farther the grenade can be projected.Ball ammuni tion may be fired from the rifle whenthe launcher is attached, although the launcher'sadded weight will slightly disturb the weapon'szero. On the forward end of the launcher is a

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Figure 17. Direct and high-angle direct fire with riflegrenades.

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4A 3A 2A 1 2 3 .S 6MOUNTING

IANNULAR RINGS AND GROOVESM A3 GRENADE LAUNCHER

ANNULAR GROOVES

M76 GRENADE LAUNCHER

CLIP RETAIHERSPRING

GRENADE RETAINER SPRING FLASH SUPPRESSOR

GRENADE RETAINER SPRING FOR THEMl6 AND Ml6Al RIFLES

Figure 18. Grenade launchers and grenade retaine? spring.


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fm 23-30 1969 - grenades and pyrotechnic signals

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