florence poulain fisheries and aquaculture department fao florence.poulain@fao
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Reducing vulnerability of fishers, fish farmers and their communities to disasters and climate change impacts. Florence Poulain Fisheries and Aquaculture Department FAO [email protected]. Key Messages. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Reducing vulnerability of fishers, fish farmers and their communities to
disasters and climate change impacts
Florence Poulain
Fisheries and Aquaculture DepartmentFAO
Key Messages The contribution that fisheries makes to communities and
countries is threatened by the increasing vulnerability of the people involved in the sector to hazards/disasters.
The increased interconnectedness between hazards and climate change suggest that disaster risk management and climate change adaptation need to be integrated into a combined strategy , particularly at the land/water interface.
This suggests that DRM & CCA need to be incorporated into fisheries policies and plans; and fisheries into DRM and CCA strategies and plans.
Fish is a major source of nutrition and high-quality animal protein – supplying over 4 billion people with at least 15% of their average protein intake
They are a major source of employment to both men and women - 50 % of ancillary workers are women
Fisheries and aquaculture support the livelihoods of about 540 million (8% of the world population)
They contribute significantly to national economies
Significance of the sector
Food and waterFood and water
A means of transportA means of transport
FuelwoodFuelwood
MedicinesMedicines
A means of exchangeA means of exchange
Cultural significanceCultural significance
A means of social interaction
A means of social interaction
Shoreline protectionShoreline protection
Building materialsBuilding materials
Tradable productsTradable products
Significance of the sector
Vulnerability and Exposure to Disasters
Fishers, fish farmers and their communities are often some of the most vulnerable communities to hazards/disasters. This is due to:
Exposure: Location Livelihoods activities
Poverty Limited access to social services Low levels of education Inadequate organisational structures
Disasters & Disaster types
1. Storms, cyclones/hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, droughts, floods and landslides
2. Oil spills and nuclear/radiological material
3. Food and nutrition security, post conflict, HIV/AIDS, aquatic animal diseases
Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR)
Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR)
Impact on the sector
In addition to the tragic loss of life, the effects of disasters on the fisheries sector can be
the loss of livelihood assets such as boats, gear, cages, aquaculture ponds and broodstock, post harvest and processing facilities and landing sites.
Damage caused by disasters can have impact social and economical impacts throughout and well beyond the sector (such as reduced employment, food availability for example).
Nearly 80% of disasters caused by natural hazards are weather or climate related.
These hazards will change in frequency, intensity, spatial extent and duration as a result of changing climate
Changes in weather and climate extremes, and related impacts, pose new challenges
Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report And IPCC Special Report : Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
Reducing the effects of disasters through Disaster Risk Management
Reducing vulnerabilities: Risk assessment Prevention and mitigation Preparedness Early warning
Emergency response: Impact and immediate
needs assessment Relief, or emergency
response
Transition planning: Rehabilitation Reconstruction Sustainable recovery
Climate change adaptation and disaster risk management
Effective DRM needs to consider changing climate patterns.
DRM can be a natural entry point for adaptation.
IPCC (The recognised scientific body for climate change) has drawn the attention to the need to integrated DRM, and CCA to better reduce and manage the risks of extreme events and disasters in a changing climate.
The Economics of Resilience:
Lessons from Kenya and Ethiopia
Investment in building the resilience of communities to cope with risk in disaster prone regions is more cost effective than the ever mounting humanitarian response.
International frameworks The Hyogo Framework for Action: Building the Resilience
of Nations and Communities to Disasters
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)- Cancun Adaptation Framework
The Code of conduct for responsible fisheries
FAO Small Scale Fisheries guidelines (under development) - discusses the specific vulnerability of small-scale fishing communities to disaster risks and climate change
2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20): one step further?
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specializedagency of the United Nations.
Achieving food and nutrition security for all is at the heart ofFAO's mandate. FAO’s strategic objectives include Increase the resilience of rural livelihoods to threats and crises
FAO profile 191 Member Nations, two associate members and one member
organization, the European Union.
FAO/Fisheries disasters types
Since 2005 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department has supported emergency response through 135 projects in 25 countries
Complex EmergenciesTsunamiTropical StormsFloodsEarthquakesFish disease
DRM programme
Latin America and the Caribbean regional meeting, San Jose, Costa Rica, 19 October 2010
APFIC/FAO regional Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 October 2010
Africa Regional Meeting, Maputo, Mozambique, 11 October 2010.
Inception workshop on FAO extrabudgetary programme on fisheries and aquaculture, Rome, 27-30 October 2009
Regional Meeting, Muscat, Oman, March 25 2012
Report recommendations
There is an urgent need to improve understanding of the complexity and vulnerability of the sector to connect to wider policy framework (e.g. National adaptation programmes of action), to develop capacity, systems and approaches within governments to much more effectively engage with disaster risk management and climate change adaptation.
Report recommendations Large information gaps exist. Baseline information
should be routinely gathered from the most vulnerable communities. The identification of fisheries dependent communities is a useful classification to have made in DRM preparedness and should allow for the rapid roll out of support to fishers in such communities.
There should be a concerted move away from post disaster fisheries asset replacement towards more integrated, livelihood informed, responses.
It is important to begin considering what could be the possible impacts of climate change on fisheries stakeholders and the resources that they depend upon.
WAY FORWARDStrengthening policy integration/coherence at regional and national levels, taking community needs into consideration
Building and developing capacity of partners and stakeholders at global, regional, national and community level to prepare for and respond to natural disasters and the impacts of climate change
Strengthen partnership collaboration and coordination of DRM and CCA in fisheries and aquaculture
WAY FORWARD
Building ecological, economic and social Resilience
Implementation of ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
Livelihood diversification, public and private insurance
Supporting national planning and coordination in fisheries/aquaculture, DRM and CCA
Thank you