flora survey and fauna risk assessment for the port ... · this report may be cited as: ecological...

Flora Survey and Fauna Risk Assessment for the Port Augusta West Development Plan

URPS 58 Rundle Street KENT TOWN SA 5067

December 2009

ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES REPORT EG001-1-B

This report may be cited as:

Ecological Associates (2009). Flora Survey and Fauna Risk Assessment for the Port Augusta West Development Plan. Ecological Associates report EG001-1-A prepared for URPS, Adelaide.

Ecological Associates 5, 235 Unley Rd Malvern SA 5061 Ph. 08 8272 0463 Fax 08 8272 0468 [email protected]

URPS 58 Rundle Street Kent Town SA 5067 Ph. 08 8363 0444 [email protected]

Project EG001 Document Control

Report Title Report Ref. Version Issued Issued to Issued by

Flora Survey and Fauna Risk Assessment for the Port Augusta West Development Plan

EG001-1-B Draft 16/12/2009 Kieron Barnes Gael Campbell-Young

Report Authors Gael Campbell-Young Marcus Cooling Greg Kerr

Acknowledgement

Michael Anlezark of the Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden is gratefully acknowledged for his assistance with plant identification and for use of facilities at the Botanic Garden.

Contents

i

1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-1

1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Scope of Work 1-1 1.3 Background 1-1

2 Methodology------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-1

2.1 Vegetation and Threatened Plant Assessment 2-1 2.2 Fauna Risk Assessment 2-1

3 Site Description--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-1

3.1 Site Description 3-1

4 Vegetation Mapping and Plant Associations ----------------------------------------------------4-1

4.1 Vegetation Mapping and Plant Associations 4-1

5 Existing Flora and Fauna Records ----------------------------------------------------------------5-1

5.1 Flora 5-1 5.2 Threatened plant species 5-1 5.3 Fauna records 5-5

6 Fauna Risk Assessment -----------------------------------------------------------------------------6-1

6.1 Fauna Risk Assessment 6-1

7 Conclusions and Recommendations--------------------------------------------------------------7-1

8 References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8-1

Figures, Tables and Appendices

ii

Tables

Table 1. Species of conservation significance present in Samphire shrubland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region) ........................................... 4-2

Table 2. Species of conservation significance present in Chenopod shrubland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region) ................................ 4-4

Table 3. Species of conservation significance present in Mixed Mallee shrubland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region) ................................ 4-6

Table 4. Species of conservation significance present in Western Myall woodland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region) ................................ 4-8

Table 5. Species of conservation significance present in Northern Cypress-pine woodland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region) ................... 4-10

Table 6. Threatened flora reported by the EPBC Act Search Tool (search date 17/9/2009) (Aus) and the BDBSA (search date 25/9/2009) (SA)........................................................................... 5-1

Table 7. Threatened plant species observed during the survey .................................................................... 5-2 Table 8. Fauna reported by the EPBC Act search tool for which habitat is present on the site (search date

17/9/2009)........................................................................................................................ 5-5 Table 9. Rare and threatened fauna reported by the BDBSA for which habitat is present on the site (search

date 25/9/2009)................................................................................................................ 5-7

Figures

Figure 1. Site map of the study area showing a Development Plan Amendment based on the Structure Plan (area marked with red line) .................................................................................... 1-2

Figure 2. Landforms present at the study site................................................................................................ 3-2 Figure 3. Land uses at the study site .............................................................................................................. 3-4 Figure 4. Vegetation mapping and land use in Port Augusta West overlaid on SA DEH vegetation

mapping............................................................................................................................ 4-1 Figure 5. Samphire shrubland in the south-east of the study site on intertidal flats ................................... 4-3 Figure 6. Chenopod shrubland at the study site............................................................................................. 4-5 Figure 7. Mixed Mallee shrubland at the study site ...................................................................................... 4-7 Figure 8. Western Myall woodland on plains at the study site..................................................................... 4-9 Figure 9. Northern Cypress-pine woodland on a sand dune at the study site............................................ 4-11 Figure 10. Conservation values of habitats on the study site ....................................................................... 5-4

Appendices

Appendix A Observed Plant Species Appendix B BDBSA Flora Records Appendix C BDBSA Fauna Records Appendix D EPBC Report

SECTION 1 Introduction

1-1

1 Introductio n

1.1 Introduction

Ecological Associates Pty Ltd was engaged by URPS on behalf of the Port Augusta Council to undertake a flora survey and fauna risk assessment of a parcel of land situated on the western side of Port Augusta, which has been designated for expansion of the city.

1.2 Scope of Work

The scope of work was to:

• conduct a review of existing information on the flora and fauna values of the site;

• undertake a vegetation survey to map plant communities, report plant species present and report their regional, state and national conservation significance;

• review existing records of fauna and assess the condition of habitat at the site to identify if there are any significant risks from the project to native fauna; and

• identify opportunities to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts in the development design.

1.3 Background

The Port Augusta Council engaged Connor Holmes to develop a Structure Plan for the Westside of Port Augusta to investigate the suitability of developing a large parcel of land west of the existing residential area and east of the airport. The parcel includes some land to the north of the Eyre Highway. The aim is to develop 3,000 residential allotments, 1,000 allotments in the rural living area, 120,000 m2 of industrial floorspace, a neighbourhood centre, two local centres, two commercial areas and a school.

The Port Augusta Council is planning to prepare a Development Plan Amendment (DPA) based on the Structure Plan (Figure 1). Biodiversity issues need to be addressed during preparation of the DPA which may influence the design of the development as well as the potential yield.

Development of the site will involve the clearance of native vegetation and the loss of fauna habitat. Development involves a number of ecological risks that are administered under state and commonwealth legislation. Clearance of vegetation in South Australia is regulated under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 while impacts on fauna and threatened plants and animals are regulated under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. Significant impacts to matters of National Environmental Significance (NES) are controlled by the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

An informal system to recognize the conservation significance of plants in the botanical regions of SA has been developed by Lang & Kraehenbuehl (2008).

A biodiversity assessment was required at the site to determine whether the proposed development would impact on matters of conservation significance and to provide the necessary data for development

SECTION 1 Introduction

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submissions to environmental regulating agencies. The assessment describes the nature and composition of ecological communities and their significance. Information is provided for developing the area in such a way that ecological risks will be avoided or minimized.

Figure 1. Site map of the study area showing a Development Plan Amendment based on the Structure Plan (area marked with red line)

SECTION 2 Methodology

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2 Methodology

2.1 Vegetation and Threatened Plant Assessment

Existing records and plans describing the vegetation of the region and the site in particular were sought to identify any known records of plants of conservation significance. Records were sought from the EPBC Act Search Tool, the Biological Database of South Australia (BDBSA), the Port Augusta Council and the Northern and Yorke NRM Board.

Data were extracted from the EPBC Act Search Tool on 17/9/2009 to identify plant species potentially present on the site based on previous records of species (Appendix D).

Records of plant species previously observed in the study area were extracted from the BDBSA on 25/9/2009 (Appendix B).

A vegetation survey was undertaken on 21 and 22 September 2009. The vegetation at the site was classified into plant communities and mapped using GIS. The condition and composition of the plant communities are described. Lists of species of each plant community were prepared and their significance at the regional, state and national levels is reported (Appendix A).

The terminology for plant associations is adopted from SAVEG (DEH 2007) and Berkinshaw (2006).

2.2 Fauna Risk Assessment

A review of existing fauna records and site observations during the survey were used to evaluate potential threats to native fauna from the development.

Data were extracted from the EPBC Act Search Tool on 17/9/2009 to identify species potentially present on the site based on species observations and habitat availability.

Local records of fauna species known to occur in the area were extracted from the BDBSA on 25/9/2009. The records were reviewed with respect to the nature and condition of habitat observed at the site to assess the likelihood of an interaction with the project (see Section 6).

The site was inspected to assess the quality, diversity and extent of available habitats. This considered the degree of disturbance from vehicles, pest fauna, weeds and the integrity of habitat, such as continuity with larger intact remnants. During the site inspection, birds present were recorded and there was active searching of tracks, traces and scats.

SECTION 3 Site Description

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3 Site Description

3.1 Site Description

The study site is situated west of the city of Port Augusta and occurs within the Gawler IBRA bioregion of Australia (DEWHA 2009). The site is situated within the Arden Environmental Association of Laut et al. (1977). This association consists of plains with sand dunes and numerous lakes and samphire or mangrove flats along the coastline. There is a cover of low Chenopod shrubland and low open woodland with a Chenopod shrub understorey used for extensive livestock grazing.

Mean annual rainfall for Port Augusta is 242.8 mm (Bureau of Meteorology 2009). The mean maximum annual temperature for Port Augusta is 25°C and the mean minimum annual temperature is 12.9°C (Bureau of Meteorology 2009).

The topography of the region consists of gently undulating plains and low foothills with a series of ridgelines running north to south. The Yorke Peninsula and coastal plains north of the Gawler River to Port Augusta are characterised by areas of low altitude, generally less than 100 m AHD (Berkinshaw 2006). The plains and foothills west of the Northern Mount Lofty and southern Flinders Ranges are generally calcareous soils formed on calcrete or soft rubbly calcareous sediments (NYADINRMC 2003). These are usually loams or sands.

The study area is a largely undeveloped block of land on gently undulating plains, with several red sand dunes rising more or less centrally across the area, in an east-west direction (Figure 2). There are very few trees in the landscape and the dominant vegetation present is Chenopod shrubland which occurs on the plains. The dunes are stabilised by sparse Western Myall low open woodland or sparse Northern Cypress-pine woodland. Mixed Mallee shrubland sometimes co-occurs with Northern Cypress-pine woodland on the dunes and is also associated with the watercourse in the south-western part of the site. The site borders the Spencer Gulf coastal fringe to the east. There is a section of land south-east of Caroona Road, included within the site, that consists of Chenopod shrubland and Samphire shrubland that forms part of the coastal fringe. Beyond the samphire, between the site and the coast, there are mangroves and open, sandy tidal areas.


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Figure 2. Landforms present at the study site

The Port Augusta airport is situated to the west of the site. A railway line forms part of the north-western border of the site and there is a golf course outside the north-eastern corner of the site. There is a large ephemeral inland lake north of the site.

Native vegetation is largely intact at the site, but a number of disturbances were observed (Figure 3). These include the following:


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• Housing developments on relatively large blocks were sparsely present on the east of the site, mainly between the Eyre Highway and Caroona Road; many non-native plant species had been planted around the houses and weeds were present in disturbed areas associated with the houses;

• Access tracks were present throughout the site, but these were not extensive; there were more access tracks among the houses on the east of the site than on the west of the site; the section of the site between the railway track and Eyre Highway on the north of the site appeared to have no access tracks;

• Sewage works: what appeared to be part of a small sewage works was present immediately south of the dirt track running between the northern edge of the golf course and the railway track representing the north-western border of the site;

• Quarry: a large sand dune situated towards the western side of the site had been used as a quarry; some of the sand still remained (the entire dune had not been excavated) and there was no native vegetation left in this area;

• Off-road vehicles: evidence of off-road driving by motorcycles and four-wheel-drive vehicles was present on most of the sand dunes at the site; there were also several abandoned car bodies on some of the sand dunes;

• Airport: the Port Augusta airport is situated on the west of the site; two cleared areas associated with the airport and a short runway are situated within the study site; and

• DTEI regional depot: a large fenced area, signposted as a DTEI regional depot, was situated in the north-eastern corner of the site, between the golf course and the sewerage works; the area was approximately 250,000 m2 in size and had an enclosure containing many kangaroos.

No known significant biodiversity issues (e.g. weed infestations, revegetation, populations of native animals or threatened species etc.) were reported to occur in the area according to the Port Augusta Council (pers. comm. 28/10/2009).


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Figure 3. Land uses at the study site

SECTION 4 Vegetation Mapping and Plant Associations

4-1

4 Vegetation Ma pping and Plan t Associations

4.1 Vegetation Mapping and Plant Associations

Five plant communities were identified and are described below. Species present in each community are listed in Appendix A with conservation ratings provided for native species.

Vegetation was mapped from aerial photography interpretation and ground-truthing (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Vegetation mapping and land use in Port Augusta West overlaid on SA DEH vegetation mapping


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1. Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp. halocnemoides shrubland (Samphire shrubland)

Samphire shrubland constituting saltbush species of the genus Tecticornia typically occurs on frequently flooded, low-lying, highly saline sites and such areas occur near the coast in the Northern and Yorke Region (Berkinshaw 2006). Samphire shrubland was found at the south-east of the site (Figure 4), adjacent to the intertidal saltmarsh on the tidal flats of the Spencer Gulf. This community typically consisted of relatively few species and was dominated by Tecticornia spp. (Figure 5). Other species present included Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum, Hemichroa diandra and Lawrencia spicata. Chenopod shrubs were also present and occurred mainly at the interface between the Samphire shrubland and the neighbouring Chenopod shrubland. Species of conservation significance present in this community are presented in (Table 1).

Table 1. Species of conservation significance present in Samphire shrubland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region)

Family Species SA EP Abundance in Plant Community

CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp. halocnemoides

U Dominant, densely distributed throughout community

MALVACEAE Lawrencia spicata U Sparsely distributed throughout community

The Samphire shrubland was intact and in very good condition, with no weeds present. There was some minor disturbance from vehicle access tracks and possible off-road vehicle use.


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Figure 5. Samphire shrubland in the south-east of the study site on intertidal flats

2. Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis ± Maireana pyramidata low shrubland (Chenopod shrubland)

This plant community is a distinctive blue-grey shrubland of the central semi-arid to northern arid areas of South Australia (Berkinshaw 2006). Chenopod shrubland was the dominant plant community at the site, covering most of the study area on the gently undulating plains (Figure 4).

This Chenopod shrubland is usually dominated by Marieana sedifolia (Pearl Bluebush) and/or M. pyramidata (Black Bluebush) (Berkinshaw 2006). However at the study site, Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis was consistently present throughout the plant community with or without M. pyramidata, and M. sedifolia was noticeably absent (Figure 6). M. sedifolia was only observed in very limited areas near some of the housing developments on the east of the site. This could be due to the fact that Atriplex vesicaria prefers deeper sandier soils, while M. sedifolia prefers shallow loamy soils (Berkinshaw 2006). The presence of sand dunes could indicate that the soil at the site on which the Chenopod shrubland was growing, was sandy and hence unsuitable for M. sedifolia.


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The species composition of the Chenopod shrubland varied across the site, but A. vesicaria and M. pyramidata were usually dominant in various combinations across the study site, with other Chenopod shrubs variously present or absent (Appendix A).

Many of the M. pyramidata shrubs in the Chenopod shrubland were dead, possibly due to drought. There was evidence throughout the study site that vegetation had probably been affected by drought.

Other Chenopod shrubs that were variously present included Maireana spp., Atriplex spp. and Rhagodia spp. (Appendix A). Succulent species present included the natives Sarcozona praecox and Tetragonia eremaea, and several exotic species such as *Mesembryanthemum spp. There were several Austrostipa spp. and herbaceous species included Minuria cunninghamii and Zygophyllum aurantiacum. Species of conservation significance present in Chenopod shrubland at the site are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Species of conservation significance present in Chenopod shrubland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region)


CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex limbata R Scattered throughout the community

CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana appressa U Few plants seen in community

CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena brachyptera U Sparsely distributed throughout the community

CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena divaricata R Scattered throughout the community

CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp. halocnemoides

U Localised at interface with Samphire shrubland

FABACEAE Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae U A few trees scattered in community

MALVACEAE Lawrencia spicata U Sparse and localised at interface with Samphire shrubland

MYOPORACEAE Myoporum parvifolium R R Only two plants seen in this community

The vegetation in this plant community was generally in good condition, but with varying degrees of weed invasion. Common exotic species present included *Carrichtera annua, *Sisymbrium erysimoides and *Medicago polymorpha var. polymorpha. The exotic grass *Schismus barbatus was also relatively common. A significant weed found in this association, in the north-west of the site south of the railway line, is *Cylindropuntia rosea (Hudson Pear). This species is an invasive cactus from Mexico that is well adapted to harsh environmental conditions (NSW DPI 2009). It has naturalised in NSW, SA and WA. The cactus has large, dangerous spines that are hazardous for people, livestock and vehicles and poses a threat to native vegetation. The presence of this cactus on the study site was reported to the Northern and Yorke NRM Board by the Curator of the Arid Lands Botanic Garden.


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Disturbances to this plant community include the land uses mentioned under Section 1.6, e.g. housing developments, vehicle access tracks etc. as well as some grazing. There was also evidence of clearing of the vegetation, some dumping of hard rubbish and some development for horticulture (olive groves on a small-holding).

Figure 6. Chenopod shrubland at the study site

3. ± Acacia spp. ± Dodonaea spp. ± Geijera spp. ± Eremophila spp. ± Senna spp. ± Melaleuca spp. over low forbs (Mixed Mallee shrubland)

This plant community occurs across the semi-arid districts of South Australia in areas without an overstorey of mallee Eucalypts (Berkinshaw 2006). Species composition consists of a moderate diversity of shrubs, chenopods, grasses and sedges common to the adjacent mallee or semi-arid woodland associations.

This plant community occurred in a small area in the south-west of the study site, associated with the watercourse or occurring near the watercourse (Figure 4) and was also present on some of the sand dunes,


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in combination with other communities, such as Western Myall woodland or Northern Cypress-pine woodland. The overstorey invariably contained Acacia ligulata, with the following species present or absent: A. victoriae subsp. victoriae, Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima and Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris (Figure 7). Chenopod shrubs in the understorey included Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis, Maireana spp. and Rhagodia spp. Herbaceous species present included Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus and Brachyscome ciliaris var. lanuginosa. Species of conservation significance present in Mixed Mallee shrubland at the site are presented in Table 3.

Table 3. Species of conservation significance present in Mixed Mallee shrubland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region)


ASTERACEAE Leiocarpa pluriseta R K Few individuals seen in this community

CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex limbata R A relatively common understorey species in the community

FABACEAE Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae U Relatively common in the overstorey of this community

GENTIANACEAE Sebaea albidiflora R Localised in the plant commiunity

MYOPORACEAE Myoporum parvifolium R R Only one plant seen in this community

Where this plant community occurred in the south-west of the site (on the plains as opposed to on the dunes), it was generally degraded, with much weed invasion in the lower vegetation layers. On the sand dunes, the vegetation layers were sparser with fewer native species and weeds present in the lower layers. Exotic species present in this community were similar to those in Chenopod shrubland (Appendix A). Additional species present included *Lactuca serriola, *Sonchus oleraceus and *Oxalis pes-caprae and the woody species *Lycium ferocissimum was also present.

In the south-western corner of the site, there was evidence of earth-moving in the watercourse where this community occurred, for the apparent use of sand, possibly for road construction. Road development, access tracks and fencing of private land were also disturbances in this community.


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Figure 7. Mixed Mallee shrubland at the study site

4. Acacia papyrocarpa woodland over low shrubs (Western Myall woodland)

This plant community commonly occurs on red-brown loamy soils in the north-western arid regions of South Australia (Berkinshaw 2006). However at the study site, the community occurred on deep sands of the dunes and plains (Figure 4). The community was much degraded and often reduced to scattered trees with Chenopod shrubland in the understorey on the low-lying plains (Figure 8), mainly on the western side of the site.

Acacia papyrocarpa Low Woodland is given a conservation rating of Priority 14 (not conserved or poorly conserved in South Australia but similar association categories reasonably conserved in South Australia) by Neagle (1995).

The overstorey is typically dominated by low trees of the long-lived Acacia papyrocarpa (Western Myall). Sparse Myoporum montanum and M. platycarpum subsp. platycarpum were sometimes associated with A. papyrocarpa on the sand dunes. Acacia spp. were variously present in the midstorey (e.g. A. ligulata and A. victoriae subsp. victoriae). Species of the understorey included Chenopod shrubs such as Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis and Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa. Other species present


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included Sida spp., Bulbine alata and native grasses such as Austrostipa spp. and the very distinctive Zygochloa paradoxa (only on sand dunes). Species of conservation significance in Western Myall woodland at the study site are presented in Table 4.

Table 4. Species of conservation significance present in Western Myall woodland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region)


ASTERACEAE Leiocarpa pluriseta R K Relatively uncommon in the community

FABACEAE Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae U Relatively common in the midstorey of this community

MALVACEAE Sida ammophila K Relatively common in this community

MALVACEAE Sida fibulifera K Relatively common in this community

POACEAE Enneapogon cylindricus R Relatively uncommon in the community

Exotic species present included *Brassica tournefortii, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and *Cenchrus ciliaris, in addition to the more common weeds also found in other plant communities. Disturbances to this plant community included quarrying, vehicle access tracks and off-road vehicle use on sand dunes and thinning out of the trees on the plains for timber. The understorey had also been grazed. In the Northern and Yorke region, over-grazing by domestic, feral and native animals had reduced understorey diversity and the long-term recruitment of this plant community (Berkinshaw 2006).


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Figure 8. Western Myall woodland on plains at the study site

5. Callitris glaucophylla woodland over mid and low sparse shrubland (Northern Cypress-pine woodland)

Northern Cypress-pine woodland is usually found on sheltered slopes and valley floors of the Flinders Ranges and less often on sandy dunes and granite outcrops in the far northern parts of the State (Berkinshaw 2006). This plant community was degraded at the study site, where it was restricted to dune areas (Figure 4) and consisted of scattered Callitris glaucophylla and/or Acacia papyrocarpa and Myoporum montanum trees in the overstorey (Figure 9). This species composition, as well as the species composition of the lower vegetation layers, is more typical of Casuarina pauper (Black Oak) woodland that is known to occur in the region of the study site and is also associated with sand dunes. However, due to the distinct absence of C. pauper, the community is named Northern Cypress-pine woodland for the purposes of this report, due to the dominance of Callitris glaucophylla in the overstorey.

Chenopod shrubs present in the understorey included Atriplex spp., Rhagodia spp. and Maireana pyramidata. Woody shrubs present included Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima, Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala, Eremophila glabra and Lycium australe and other species included


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Crassula spp., Calandrinia eremaea and Chloris truncata. Species of conservation significance present in Northern Cypress-pine woodland are presented in Table 5.

Table 5. Species of conservation significance present in Northern Cypress-pine woodland at the study site (SA = rating in South Australia; EP = rating in Eyre Peninsula region)


CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex limbata R Relatively common in the understorey of this community

MALVACEAE Sida ammophila K Relatively common in the understorey of this community

MALVACEAE Sida fibulifera K Relatively common in the understorey of this community

This plant community was much degraded at the study site. Exotic species present included *Emex australis, *Centaurea melitensis and *Avena barbata in addition to the more common weeds that also occurred in the other plant communities (Appendix A). There was evidence that trees had been removed, possibly for use as timber.


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Figure 9. Northern Cypress-pine woodland on a sand dune at the study site

SECTION 5 Existing Flora and Fauna Records

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5 Existing Flora a nd Fauna Records

5.1 Flora

Previous records of species found at or near the study site (Table 6), combined with results from the vegetation survey undertaken at the site, indicate which species of national, state or regional significance are likely to or are known to occur at the study site. It is important to ascertain the potential impact that the development may have on any threatened plant species because such species are protected by law. Implications of clearance of threatened species will be taken into account by the Native Vegetation Council for any potential clearance approval that may be sought for the project.

No threatened ecological communities were reported from the EPBC Act Search Tool for the study area.

Table 6. Threatened flora reported by the EPBC Act Search Tool (search date 17/9/2009) (Aus) and the BDBSA (search date 25/9/2009) (SA)

Family Species Common Name Aus SA ASTERACEAE Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Swamp Daisy R ASTERACEAE Calotis scapigera Tufted Burr-daisy R ASTERACEAE Picris squarrosa Squat Picris R CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pentagona Slender Fissure-plant R CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana rohrlachii Rohrlach's Bluebush R CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia flabelliformis Bead Glasswort V V ELATINACEAE Elatine gratioloides Waterwort R HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum papillosum Robust Milfoil R MYOPORACEAE Eremophila polyclada Twiggy Emubush R MYOPORACEAE Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla R ORCHIDACEAE Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula (R. Bates

19474) V V

POACEAE Eragrostis lacunaria Purple Love-grass R PROTEACEAE Hakea tephrosperma Hooked Needlewood R SANTALACEAE Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit Cherry R ZANNICHELLIACEAE Zannichellia palustris R

V = Vulnerable; R = Rare

5.2 Threatened plant species

The survey found a total of 101 native plant species and 36 exotic species (Appendix A). No species of national conservation significance (AUS) were found during the assessment. One species of conservation signficance previously reported in the BDBSA was observed during the survey: Myoporum parvifolium.

The EPBC Vulnerable species, Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula (R. Bates 19474), is known to grow mostly among rocks on hilly slopes, in Melaleuca uncinata (Broombush) scrub but is also known to occur in Native Pine and Eucalypt woodland, usually in stony brown loams (Bates 2006). Native orchid species generally prefer intact habitat that is in good condition (R. Bates pers. comm.) and it is unlikely that the quality of the habitat at the study site is high enough to support this species.


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The EPBC Vulnerable species, Tecticornia flabelliforms is widespread but scattered in saltmarsh vegetation across southern mainland Australia (Vic., SA and WA). In SA, it occurs in the Eyre Peninsula region, among other regions. The species is salt-tolerant and usually associated with saline environments, including coastal tidal flats and coastal or sub-coastal salt pans and clay pans (DEH 2009). The species was not observed at the study site but suitable habitat is present in the samphire in the south-eastern corner of the site.

Two species of state and regional conservation significance (SA, EP) were found during the survey (Figure 10). Leiocarpa pluriseta was found in Mixed Mallee shrubland and Western Myall woodland, both of which were localised, either on sand dunes or in association with the watercourse in the south-western corner of the site. Only a few plants of this species were found. Myoporum parvifolium occurred in Chenopod shrubland and Mixed Mallee shrubland. This species was rare on the site—only two plants were seen, one of which occurred on disturbed land near a horticultural plot.

A further eleven species of regional conservation significance were found at the study site (Table 7). Four of these are rare in the region, five are uncommon in the region and two have uncertain status in the region. The Chenopod shrubs Atriplex limbata, Maireana appressa, Sclerolaena brachyptera and S. divaricata occurred throughout the Chenopod shrubland and would be difficult to avoid during impact. Tecticornia halocnemoides is the dominant species in the Samphire shrubland and will be avoidable if the Samphire shrubland is left undisturbed (Lawrencia spicata also occurs in the Samphire shrubland). Acacia victoriae is mainly restricted to sand dunes and Mixed Mallee shrubland (as are Sida spp. and Enneapogon cylindricus) which is avoidable since it occurs in discrete, localised areas. Sebaea albidiflora was rare at the site—only a few plants were seen in Mixed Mallee shrubland.

Table 7. Threatened plant species observed during the survey

Family Species Common Name Aus SA EP ASTERACEAE Leiocarpa pluriseta R K CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex limbata Spreading Saltbush R CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana appressa Pale-fruit Bluebush U CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena brachyptera Short-winged Copperburr U CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena divaricata Pale Poverty Bush R CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia halocnemoides

subsp. halocnemoides Grey Samphire U

FABACEAE Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae Elegant Wattle U GENTIANACEAE Sebaea albidiflora R MALVACEAE Lawrencia spicata Salt Lawrencia U MALVACEAE Sida ammophila Sand Sida K MALVACEAE Sida fibulifera Pin Sida K MYOPORACEAE Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla R R POACEAE Enneapogon cylindricus Jointed Nineawn R

R = Rare; U = Uncommon; K = Uncertain status


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According to the Principles of Clearance of Native Vegetation under Schedule 1 of the Native Vegetation Act 1991, native vegetation should not be cleared if, in the opinion of the Council, it includes plants of a rare, vulnerable or endangered species. Should a clearance proposal be submitted to the NVC, the presence of threatened species will influence the decision of the NVC to give approval for clearance and the final decision regarding required offsets.

It should be noted that while Acacia papyrocarpa (Western Myall) and Casuarina pauper (Black Oak) do not have conservation ratings, these species are considered to be of significant cultural and heritage importance, according to the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Survey—Port Augusta (Westside) Development (Builth 2009). This report is still in preparation.

Since the Samphire shrubland in the south-eastern corner of the site potentially supports a nationally listed species, the area is considered to be of high conservation significance (Figure 10). This area should be protected from disturbance or further assessment may be required to assess the presence of this species.

Species of state and regional significance were found in Mixed Mallee shrubland and Western Myall woodland, which were mainly restricted to sand dunes and to the watercourse in the south-western corner of the site. These communities and habitats are considered to be of moderate conservation significance. Only one species of regional significance occurred in the Northern Cypress-pine woodland, which was much-degraded, but this community was associated with a sand dune that also supported Mixed Mallee shrubland and is therefore considered to be of moderate conservation significance (Figure 10).

Only one plant of state and regional significance was found in Chenopod shrubland. Several species of regional conservation significance were found in this shrubland and this community and habitat is considered to be of low conservation significance (Figure 10).


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Figure 10. Conservation values of habitats on the study site


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5.3 Fauna records

Existing fauna records for the region were reviewed to identify species of conservation significance that are at risk from changes to land use in the study area. The likelihood of the project impacting on these species was determined from the suitability of the site in providing habitat for the species.

Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Search Tool

The EPBC Act Search Tool reports species that may be potentially present in the area based on known species distributions, availability of habitat and fauna observations. A review of the search tool identified 17 species (see Appendix D for full report) (Table 8).

Table 8. Fauna reported by the EPBC Act search tool for which habitat is present on the site (search date 17/9/2009)

Species Status #

Habitat Requirements

Birds Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Slender-billed Thornbill (western)

V Saltbush and samphire flats(1). The ssp. iredalei occurs throughout the region.

Amytornis textilis myall Thick-billed Grasswren (Gawler Ranges)

V The only grasswren reliant on shrubby habitat. Treeless depressions with dense saltbush, blue-bush, or cottonbush(1). The Thick-billed Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) occurs in the north-eastern Eyre Peninsula, with a distribution that extends from Munyaroo Conservation Park, north to near Port Augusta and north-west to the Gawler Ranges (DEWHA 2008). The total area of occupancy of the Thick-billed Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) has not been reliably estimated, however it is assumed to be greater than 5000 km² (Garnett & Crowley, 2000). Suitable, but marginal habitat occurs in the study site, which is on the extreme south eastern edge of its limited distribution across to the Gawler Ranges.

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift

Migratory Low to very high airspace over varied habitat, rainforest to semi-desert; most active just ahead of summer storm fronts(1)

Ardea alba Great Egret

Migratory Wetlands, flooded pastures, dams, estuarine mudflats, mangroves and reefs(1)

Ardea ibis Cattle Egret

Migratory Moist pastures with tall grass; shallow open wetlands and margins, mudflats(1)

Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone

Migratory Beaches and coasts with exposed rock, stony or shell beaches, mudflats, exposed reefs and wave platforms(1)

Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper

Migratory Fresh or salt wetlands—the muddy edges of lagoons, swamps, lakes, dams, soaks, sewerage farms, temporary floodwaters(1)

Calidris canutus Red Knot

Migratory Sheltered coasts on mudflats and sandbars of estuaries, harbours, lagoons; occasionally on beaches, reefs(1)

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper

Migratory Intertidal mudflats of estuaries, lagoons, mangrove channels; around lakes, dams, floodwaters, flooded saltbush surrounds in inland lakes(1)

Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint

Migratory Diverse—tidal and inland on mudflats, salt marshes, beaches, saltfields, temporary floodwaters(1)


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Species Status #


Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover

Migratory Usually inland in semi-arid regions on open grasslands, claypans or gibberstone plains; less often on the marine sites such as tidal mudflats typically used by other plovers; also, occasionally, where dense vegetation of Spinifex, heathland or similar has recently been burnt(1)

Gallinago hardwickii Latham’s Snipe

Migratory Low vegetation around wetlands in shallows, sedges, reeds, heaths, saltmarsh, irrigated crops(1)

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-eagle

Migratory Usually coastal, over islands, reefs, headlands, beaches, bays, estuaries, mangroves, seasonally flooded inland swamps, lagoons and floodplains; often far inland on large pools of major rivers(1)

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail

Migratory High open spaces of sky above almost any habitat, including oceans; at times gathers over ranges, headlands, often in humid, unsettled weather preceding thunderstorms(1)

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater

Migratory Open country of woodlands, open forest, semi-arid scrub, grasslands, clearings in heavier forests, farmlands; avoids heavy forest that would hinder aerial pursuit of insects; in breeding season, requires also an open clearing or paddock with loamy soil soft enough for nest tunnelling, yet firm enough to support the tunnel(1)

Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover

Migratory Coastal, usually marine shores of estuaries or lagoons on broad, open mudflats, sandy bars or beaches, rock platforms and reef flats of rocky coasts; inland but near the coast on margins of salt lakes and swamps(1)

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank

Migratory Diverse inland and coastal spots; away from the coast uses both permanent and temporary wetlands—billabongs, swamps, lakes, floodplains, sewage farms and saltworks ponds, flooded irrigated crops; on the coast uses sheltered estuaries and bays with extensive mudflats, mangrove swamps, muddy shallows of harbours and lagoons occasionally rocky tidal ledges; this species generally prefers wet and flooded mud and clay rather than sand(1)

EPBC Act: V = Vulnerable

SOURCE

(1) Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds. Steve Parish Publishing, Archerfield.

Biological Database of South Australia

The Biological Database of South Australia provides a detailed set of records of fauna and flora observations. To obtain information on the likely presence of species on the site a 10 km buffer was added to the study site boundary. Survey effort in the vicinity of the study site was good for birds, marginal for reptiles, but limited for amphibians and mammals.

Within 10 km of the study site centre 208 fauna species have been recorded. Only two amphibian species were recorded, none of which merit a significant conservation rating. This list is unlikely to represent the full variety of amphibians likely to occur within the study area.

For birds, 166 species have been recorded, only four of which are non-native species. Fifty wetland and water habitat dependent bird species were recorded, but their use of the available habitat will be limited to the mangrove and saltmarsh communities associated with the eastern edge of the study site along the top of Spencer Gulf. The remaining 112 bird species are likely to have some association with elements of habitat found within the study site.


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Four of the 11 mammals recorded near to the site are marine species and will not use any of the habitats available at the study site. The Burrowing Bettong is now extinct on mainland Australia. The only recorded non-native mammal species is the House Mouse. This leaves only five native mammal species likely to be found within the study site: two bats, a native mouse species and two marsupials. This list does not represent the full variety of mammals likely to occur within the study area.

Twenty-nine reptile species have been recorded near to the study site, over half of these from a single survey. The Loggerhead Turtle is a marine species and will not use habitat within the study site. The remaining 28 species may, to varying extents, be found across the study site.

Twenty-nine threatened species have been recorded within 10 km of the site (Appendix C) and of these, the site potentially provides habitat for 20 species (Table 9). Three of the 29 species are marine species and five species (Chestnut-rumped Heathwren, Black-eared Miner, Jacky Winter, Blue Bonnet, and Grey Currawong) merit a significant conservation rating for one or more subspecies, which do not occur at the study site. The Hooded Robin only persists in complex woodland remnants larger than 100 ha in size (Watson et al. 2000) and is unlikely to use the site. Eleven species are wetland or water habitat dependent and only likely to be found in association with the open water, mangrove and saltmarsh communities found along the eastern edge of the study site. This leaves nine species of conservation significance (Slender-billed Thornbill, Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo, Chestnut Quail-thrush, White-browed Treecreeper, Peregrine Falcon, Restless Flycatcher, Elegant Parrot, Scarlet-chested Parrot and Common Bandy Bandy) for which suitable habitats exist within 10 km of the study site, elements of which may be present on the study site.

Table 9. Rare and threatened fauna reported by the BDBSA for which habitat is present on the site (search date 25/9/2009)

Species Status #


Birds Acanthiza iredalei Slender-billed Thornbill

ssp. iredalei

r

Saltbush and samphire flats(1). The ssp. iredalei occurs throughout the region.

Anhinga melanogaster Darter

r Most wetlands, fresh or brackish of 0.5 m or more depth that have trees, logs, limbs, well-vegetated banks; also in estuaries, sheltered bays(1)

Ardea garzetta Little Egret

r Wetlands, both fresh and marine; usually forages in shallows of open waters: swamps, billabongs, floodplain pools, mudflats and mangrove channels(1)

Ardea ibis Cattle Egret

r Moist pastures with tall grass; shallow open wetlands and margins, mudflats(1)

Cacatua leadbeateri Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo

r Open sparsely timbered grasslands, drier farmlands with well-treed paddocks, mulga and similar open scrublands, open mallee country, callitris and casuarina country, watercourse trees; never far from water(1)

Cinclosoma castanotus Chestnut Quail-thrush

r Open arid woodlands of eucalypts or cypress pine, mallee or mulga, with sparse shrub layer and litter debris; heathlands, coastal tea-tree thickets(1)

Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt

v Salt lakes of coast and inland: in large flocks on temporarily flooded saltpan lakes; also on marine beaches of estuaries and intertidal flats(1)


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Species Status #


Climacteris affinis White-browed Treecreeper

r Semi-arid interior, including mulga, mallee, desert oak, callitris, spinifex with scattered trees, watercourse eucalypts(1)

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon

r Diverse, from rainforest to arid scrublands, from coastal heath to alpine; requires abundant prey, secure nest sites, lack of human interference; also hunts over rainforet canopy, estuaries, offshore island seabird colonies(1)

Haematopus longirostris Australian Pied Oystercatcher

r Beaches and mudflats of inlets, bays, ocean beaches and offshore islets; less often rocky coasts, headlands(1)

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle

e

Usually coastal, over islands, reefs, headlands, beaches, bays, estuaries, mangroves, seasonally flooded inland swamps, lagoons and floodplains; often far inland on large pools of major rivers(1)

Hylacola pyrrhopygia Chestnut-rumped Heathwren

ssp. parkeri

e EN

Occupies heaths, low dense thickets in woodlands, and forests(1). The Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (Mount Lofty Ranges subspecies) is confined to the Fleurieu Peninsula and the southern Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia (4). It is unlikely to occur in the study area.

Ixobrychus minutes Little Bittern

e Freshwater swamps, lakes and rivers with dense reedbeds, tall sedges and well-vegetated margins; also in brackish-saline mangroves, saltmarsh and coastal lagoons(1).

Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit

r Usually coastal—estuaries, sheltered bays, lagoons with extensive tidal mudflats or sandbars—shores and islets of large, ephemeral inland lakes; infrequently on rocky coasts, islets; sewage farms(1)

Manorina flavigula Black-eared Miner

ssp. melanotis

e

Woodlands, heaths, arid scrublands, grasslands(1). Since listing as endangered under schedule 7 of the National parks and Wildlife Act 1972 the Black-eared Miner has been classified as a species in its own right Manorina melanotis. The species does not occur in the study area, being restricted to Mallee country around Gluepot Station in the east of South Australia.

Melanodryas cucullata Hooded Robin

ssp. cucullata

r

The south eastern form of this species (ssp cucullata) may be found in the study area. It is generally found in drier and arid regions in open woodland of eucalypt, casuarina, pine, mallee, mulga; open banksia heathland of inland and drier parts of the coast; semi-cleared farmland(1). This species is only found in complex woodland remnants greater than 100 ha in size (3), and is unlikely to be able to persist in the study area.

Microeca fascinans Jacky Winter

ssp. fascinans

r

Open woodlands, mallee, mulga, cleared land with trees, stumps(1). The study site is north of the extreme north-western limit of this subspecies distribution, and it is unlikely to occur in this region. Ssp. barcoo normally occurs in the region, but does not merit a significant conservation rating.

Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher

r Open forests, woodlands, farmlands, inland scrubs(1)

Neophema elegans Elegant Parrot

r Woodlands, lightly timbered grasslands, partly cleared farmlands, margins of clearings in heavy forest, tree-lined watercourses, mallee, and mulga(1)

Neophema splendida Scarlet-chested Parrot

r Open woodlands of eucalypts, she-oak, mulga with spinifex, and saltbush(1)

Northiella haematogaster Blue Bonnet

ssp. narethae

Lightly timbered grasslands, mulga, mallee, sheoak, watercourse and paddock trees(1). Ssp. narethae mainly occurs in Western Australia, with the extreme eastern edge of its distribution in South Australia. It does not occur in the study area


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Species Status #


Sterna nereis Fairy Tern

e Marine, sheltered coasts, bays, inlets, estuaries, coastal lagoons, ocean beaches; near-coastal wetlands, including salt ponds, lakes; favours sites with sand-spits and small sand islets of river mouth channels, especially when nesting(1)

Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck

v Breeds on densely vegetated freshwater lakes, swamps, creeks and floodwaters with thickets of melaleuca, casuarina, leptospermum or in the interior with canegrass or lignum; after breeding moves to open waters(1)

Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong

ssp. plumbea

e

Diverse regions ranging from coastal to semi-desert; includes forests, woodlands and mallee; larger, denser coastal thickets and heaths; remnant roadside and farm vegetation, orchards, suburbs(1). The north western subspecies plumbea is presumed extinct in South Australia. It is not likely to occur in the study area.

Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper

r Varied coastal and interior wetlands—narrow muddy edges of billabongs, river pools, mangroves, among rocks and snags, reefs or rocky beaches; avoids wide open mudflats, perches on branches, posts, and boats(1)

Reptiles Vermicella annulata Common Bandy Bandy

r Wide range of habitats from rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests to savanna woodlands, mallee and mulga shrublands and dry spinifex sandhills(2)

# NPW Act 1972: e = endangered; r = rare; v = vulnerable; ssp = status applies to a subspecific level but the resolution of the record is at species level—expert interpretatin of such records is required to resolve subspecific taxonomy.

EPBC Act: EN = endangered

SOURCES

(1) Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds. Steve Parish Publishing, Archerfield.

(2) Cronin, L. 2001. Australian reptiles and amphibians. Envirobook, NSW.

(3) Watson, J., Freudenberger, D., and Paull, D. 2000. An assessment of the focal-species approach for conserving birds in variegated landscapes in southeastern Australia. Conservation Biology. Vol 15 (5): pp 1364–1373.

(4) DEWHA 2005. Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (Mt Lofty Ranges) (Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri) Advice to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC) on Amendments to the list of Threatened Species under the EPBC Act 1999 http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/chestnut-rumped-heathwren.html Access Date 09/11/2009, Last Update 15/09/2005.

SECTION 6 Fauna Risk Assessment

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6 Fauna R isk Assessment

6.1 Fauna Risk Assessment

The review of fauna records and their habitat requirements and the site inspection have been used to evaluate the risk of changes in land use to fauna of conservation significance at the study site.

Fauna reported from the site are related to two main habitat types on the site. Each of these is described below with the major fauna risk and management issues reviewed.

Samphire shrubland

Samphire shrubland and mangrove forests dominate the coastal wetland habitats of South Australia (Graham et al. 2001). The largest areas of both of these plant communities occur on the Northern Spencer Gulf. Mangrove and samphire communities have high ecological significance due to the habitat that they provide for a wide range of terrestrial and marine flora and fauna (Saintilan 2009).

Most of the seabird breeding records in South Australia occur around the coasts of Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent (Graham et al. 2001). Mangrove and samphire-dominated habitats provide extremely important seabird nesting habitats in these gulf systems. For example, 10–13 Pied Cormorant (Phalacrocorax varius) nesting colonies occur on the coasts of Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent. Tidal flats are essential nursery grounds for a range of commercial and non-commercial fish species such as the Yellow-eye Mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri) and Tommy Ruff (Arripis georgiana) (Graham et al. 2001).

Samphire shrubland provides important habitat for numerous threatened bird species including the Nationally Vulnerable Slender-billed Thornbill (Acanthiza iredalei) and State Rare Little Egret (Ardea garzetta), especially in coastal areas and river floodplains (Berkinshaw 2006).

The Samphire shrubland at the study site potentially provides high quality habitat for a number of rare and threatened species. The vegetation is intact with few weeds present and is part of an extensive remnant that continues beyond the study area all along the coastal fringe of Spencer Gulf. Saltmarsh is of direct importance to many avian species by providing habitat in which individuals can breed, feed and roost (Saintilan 2009).

Saltmarsh can act as a drought refuge for Australian breeding waders and many migratory waders will roost and feed in saltmarsh (Spencer et al. 2009). In Australia little is known of wader use of saltmarsh habitats, but it has been documented as important habitat for several shorebird species in Africa, Europe and North America (Spencer et al. 2009). Species that commonly feed in saltmarsh in Australia include: Curlew Sandpiper, Marsh Sandpiper, Red-necked Stint, Australian White Ibis, Straw-necked Ibis, Cattle Egret, Black Swan, Chestnut Teal, Australian Shelduck, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper, Masked Lapwing, Red-capped Plover, Black-tailed Godwit, Common Greenshank, Eastern Curlew, Latham’s Snipe, and Pacific Golden Plover (Spencer et al. 2009).

Samphire habitats are under considerable threat from agricultural, industrial and urban development and inappropriate human recreation (Graham et al. 2001).


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For the reasons given above, disturbances to Samphire shrubland represent a high risk to fauna conservation values. The ecological risks associated with Samphire shrubland are best managed by avoiding development in this area.

Chenopod shrubland

Chenopod shrublands are predominantly an arid region plant community and also occur in saline areas mainly along the coast in the Northern Agricultural District of South Australia (Graham et al. 2001).

Shrubland habitats have been highly modified through grazing and weed invasion since European settlement of South Australia and these habitats are also threatened by the disruption of natural regimes of disturbance and associated regeneration events (Graham et al. 2001).

Chenopod shrubland provides habitat for a number of rare and threatened species:

• Thick-billed Grasswren (Gawler Ranges subspecies) occurs in open semi-arid shrublands, often where stands of dense vegetation surround drainage lines (DEWHA 2008a). Habitat encompasses open Chenopod shrublands, with dense stands of Acacia tetragonophylla (Dead Finish) or Maireana pyramidata (Blackbush) surrounding drainage lines (DEWHA 2008a). It also occurs in Atriplex spp. (Saltbush) and Maireana spp. (Bluebush) shrublands with a sparse or open overstorey of low trees or shrubs, such as Acacia papyrocarpa (Western Myall), Casuarina pauper (Black Oak), Lycium australe (Australian Boxthorn), Alectryon oleifolius (Bullock Bush) and Myoporum platycarpum (Sugarwood) (DEWHA 2008a). The Thick-billed Grasswren has also been recorded in Nitraria billardierei (Nitre Bush) on coastal shellgrit ridges south of Whyalla. The main potential threats to the Thick-billed Grasswren are habitat degradation through overgrazing, predation by foxes and cats and invasive alien Tramp Ants (DEWHA 2008a). The Thick-billed Grasswren is known to occur in populations situated approximately 30 – 40 km away from Port Augusta and it is unlikely that this species would use habitat within the study site (Peter Langdon, pers. comm. 12/2009).

• Slender-billed Thornbill core habitat is Chenopod shrubland dominated by Sacrocornia sp. (Samphire) Maireana sp. (Bluebush) or Atriplex sp. (Saltbush) (DEWHA 2008b). The main potential threats to the Slender-billed Thornbill are the degradation of its habitat through overgrazing and trampling by livestock and ring barking of shrubs by feral rabbits and goats (DEWHA 2008b). Changes in fire regimes and the establishment of mining sites have also possibly contributed to historical decline (DEWHA 2008b). It is likely that the Slender-billed Thornbill may to use habitat found within the study site (Peter Langdon, pers. comm. 12/2009).

• Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo is widespread across much of inland Australia, but is generally uncommon and of patchy occurrence, preferring habitat near to a water source (Morcombe 2000). The species feeds on the seeds of a wide variety of native shrubs and trees, although feeding may be supplemented with insect larvae and the seeds of some agricultural crops and weeds. They nest in tree hollows, most often specialising in old Native Pines. Hollows suitable for nesting have been found to form in Callitris gracillis trees a minimum of 80 years of age. Preferred sized nest


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hollows are found in trees 130–140 years old (Gibson et al. 2008). The seeds of Native Pines are also a preferred food source in semi-arid woodlands. Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo may use habitat within the study site, but loss of this area of relatively poor habitat is unlikely to present a threat to this widespread species.

• Chestnut Quail-thrush occurs in a wide range of arid and semi-arid habitats; mainly in the low shrubs and undergrowth of mallee scrub, but also in acacia scrubs, dry sclerophyll woodland, heath, and native pine. The species occupies vegetation with a post fire age of 4–40 years, however is most abundant in areas more recently burnt. These birds forage on the ground, often among spinifex clumps, on invertebrates (grasshoppers, bugs, beetles, weevils, flies, caterpillars, ants, centipedes), seeds (grass, sedge, wheat, Mulga and Wilga) and some berries. Chestnut Quail-thrush may use habitat within the study site, but loss of this area of relatively poor habitat is unlikely to present a threat to this widespread species.

• White-browed Treecreepers inhabit shrublands and woodlands of arid and semi-arid regions. They mainly occur in tall shrublands and low woodlands dominated by acacias, such as Acacia aneura (Mulga), A. cambagei (Gidgee) and sheoaks, such as Allocasuarina luehmanni (Buloke), Casuarina pauper (Belah); and in woodlands dominated by Callitris spp. (Native Pine). Understorey characteristics of occupied habitats vary greatly; vegetation may be open and dominated by grasses; or closed and dominated by a lower layer of low to tall shrubs; the ground-layer may also be bare ground, with no understorey present (Higgins et al. 2001). White-browed Treecreepers may use habitat within the study site, but loss of this area of relatively poor habitat is unlikely to present a threat to this widespread species.

• Peregrine Falcons in the mid-north of South Australia are known to nest in stick nest of other species, in tree hollows, or on cliffs (Olsen and Olsen 1988). Such microhabitat elements were not observed on the study site and it is unlikely that this species would breed on site. This species is highly mobile and tolerant of change. Due to its large home range size and the spacing among ranges, the number of individuals likely to be impacted on is probably restricted to at most a few pairs.

• Restless Flycatchers are found in open forests and woodlands. During winter individuals disperse widely. Numbers have declined substantially in some areas due to habitat loss. The species feeds on a variety of invertebrates including spiders and centipedes. It rarely comes to the ground, preferring to 'hawk' for insects from perches in the mid-level of the canopy. As with many other ‘hawking’ insectivorous species, it is disadvantaged by the deliberate clearing of loose timber (e.g. by firewood collection or fire), which reduces perching opportunities. Restless Flycatchers probably use some elements of habitat found in the study area.

• Elegant Parrots may use the treelined water course habitat on the western edge of the study area. The species is locally nomadic and likely to move across a large area in the region.

• Scarlet-chested Parrots are erratically distributed across the arid interior of southern Australia from far western NSW to the vicinity of Kalgoorlie (WA). They are sometimes locally common and subject to local irruptions. They inhabit arid to semi-arid areas within mallee and acacia


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(Mulga) scrublands/open woodlands with spinifex and saltbush ground covers. They occur in both recently burnt and older growth mallee. Usually nests close to the ground (but may be as high as 8 m) within small mallee eucalypt or Mulga trees. They forage on or near the ground for seeds of grasses, including spinifex, herbs and acacias. Scarlet-chested Parrots may periodically use habitat within the study area.

• The Common Bandy Bandy is a widely distributed but rarely-encountered species. The geographic range extends over two-thirds of mainland Australia, with the species being absent only from southern Western Australia and the extreme south-eastern region of the continent. The Common Bandy Bandy appears to have a highly specialised diet with Blind Snakes Ramphotyphlops spp. their major food source (Shine 1980). The Common Bandy Bandy may use habitat within the study site, but loss of this area of relatively poor habitat is unlikely to present a threat to this widespread species.

Chenopod shrubland on site is considered to provide relatively poor quality habitat for most threatened fauna species. The reason for this is that the vegetation has been cleared in the past and has been disturbed by grazing. Chenopod shrubland on site also represents a small component of a vegetation type that extends inland over extensive areas, which is often in better condition.

Disturbance to Chenopod shrubland within the study site generally represents a low risk to fauna conservation values.

Of all the species present in the vicinity of the site, the Slender-billed Thornbill is the threatened species most likely to regularly use the available Chenopod shrubland habitat. The Gawler Ranges subspecies of the Thick-billed Grasswren has a relatively limited distribution and it is unlikely that there would be any local populations presently inhabiting the study area.

SECTION 7 Conclusions and Recommendations

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7 Conclus ions and Reco mmen datio ns

Samphire shrubland at the study site is mostly intact. Chenopod shrubland is intact in many areas, but has been disturbed at various sites. Chenopod shrubland has some weed infestation but is still relatively diverse, with the highest diversity observed at the site (52 species) among all the plant communities at the site. The Mixed Mallee shrubland, Western Myall woodland and Northern Cypress-pine woodland are generally degraded, with few trees remaining in the overstorey vegetation layers.

The Samphire shrubland in the south-east of the site potentially supports the vulnerable EPBC plant species Tecticornia flabelliformis and this vegetation community is considered to have high conservation significance. T. flabelliformis was not observed during the survey, but to avoid the possibility of an impact to this species (and for other fauna-related reasons given below) it is recommended that this area is protected from disturbance. If disturbance is planned in this area, it is recommended that a specific search for this plant is conducted to specifically address the presence of this species.

Samphire shrubland is likely to provide habitat for a number of fauna species of national and state conservation significance. The samphire present on the site is connected to an extensive and significant shoreline and marine habitat in the upper Spencer Gulf. Samphire shrubland in the region is known to provide drought refuge, feeding and breeding habitat for fauna including 14 threatened birds known to occur in the region. To avoid impacts to fauna, disturbance to samphire vegetation on the site should be avoided.

One hundred and one native plant species were observed on the site of which 13 have conservation signifiance at a state or regional level. Most of these species are associated with dune habitat and Mixed Mallee shrubland. Two were present in the samphire vegetation. Dune habitat (supporting the plant communities Western Myall woodland, Mixed Mallee shrubland and Northern Cypress-pine woodland) and habitat of the watercourse in the south-western corner of the site (supporting Mixed Mallee shrubland) are considered to be of moderate conservation significance. Minimising disturbance in these areas will reduce the likelihood of impacts to the threatened species that occur there.

Chenopod shrubland vegetation potentially provides habitat for a number of fauna species of national and state conservation significance. However the vegetation represents poor quality habitat and disturbance to the site is not expected to result in a significant impact to these species. The most sensitive fauna species associated with the Chenopod shrubland habitat is the Slender-billed Thornbill. Chenopod shrubland is considered to have low conservation significance at the study site.

SECTION 8 References

8-1

8 References

Bates R. 2006. South Australian Native Orchids CD. Native Orchid Society of South Australia, Adelaide.

Berkinshaw T. 2006. Native vegetation of the Northern and Yorke Region: a guide to the identification, protection and restoration of native vegetation communities and plant species of the Northern Agricultural Districts and Yorke Peninsula region of South Australia. Greening Australia, for the Northern and Yorke NRM Board, Adelaide, South Australia.

Builth. H. 2009. Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Survey—Port Augusta (Westside) Development. In prep.

Bureau of Meteorology. 2009. Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Website: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_019036.shtml

Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH). 2007. South Australian Vegetation Information System Database (SAVEG). Department for Environment and Heritage.

Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH). 2009. Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges South Australia: Threatened Species Profile of Tecticornia flabelliformis. Department for Environment and Heritage. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA). 2008a. Approved Conservation Advice for Amytornis textilis myall [Thick-billed Grasswren (Gawler Ranges)]. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/64454-conservation-advice.pdf Department of Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts Canberra. Access Date 06/11/2009, Last Update 26/03/2008. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 2008b. Approved Conservation Advice for Acanthiza iredalei iredalei (Slender-billed Thornbill (western). http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/25967-conservation-advice.pdf Department of Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts Canberra. Access Date 06/11/2009, Last Update 26/03/2008. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 2009. Maps: Australia’s Bioregions (IBRA). Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Website: http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/bioregion-framework/ibra/index.html

Gibson M., S. Florentine and V.G. Hurley. 2008. Age distribution of Slender Cypress-pine (Callitris gracilis) within Pine Plains, Wyperfeld National Park. Department of Sustainability and Environment: Melbourne.

Graham A., A. Oppermann and R.W. Inns. 2001. Biodiversity Plan for the Northern Agricultural Districts. Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia.

Higgins P. J., J.M. Peter and W.K. Steele (Eds). 2001. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats. Oxford University Press: Melbourne

Lang P.J. and D.N. Kraehenbuehl. 2008. Plants of Particular Conservation Significance in South Australia’s Agricultural Region (Update of Unpublished Database). Department for Environment and Heritage: Adelaide, South Australia.

SECTION 8 References

8-2

Laut P., P.C. Heyligers, G. Keig, E. Lijffler, C. Margules and R.M. Scott. 1977. Environments of South Australia, Division of Land Use Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australia.

Neagle, N. 1995. An update of the conservation status of the major plant associations of South Australia. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia.

New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI). 2009. Weed Alert: Hudson Pear Cylindropuntia rosea. NSW DPI.

NYADINRMC: Northern and Yorke Agricultural District Integrated Natural Resource Management Committee Inc. 2003. Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan for the Northern and Yorke Agricultural District. Northern and Yorke Agricultural District Integrated Natural Resource Management Committee Inc.

Saintilan N. (Ed.). 2009. Australian Saltmarsh Ecology. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria.

Shine R. 1980. Reproduction, Feeding and Growth in the Australian Burrowing Snake Vermicella annulata. Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 71–77.

Spencer J., V. Monamy and M. Breitfuss. 2009. Salmarsh as habitat for birds and other vertebrates. Pages 149–165 in N. Saintilan (Ed.). Australian Saltmarsh Ecology. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria.

Watson J., D. Freudenberger and D. Paull. 2000. An assessment of the focal-species approach for conserving birds in variegated landscapes in southeastern Australia. Conservation Biology 15: 1364–1373.

Appendix A Observed Plant Species

Identified plants and vegetation associations at the study site

1. Samphire shrubland

2. Chenopod shrubland

3. Mixed Mallee shrubland

4. Western Myall woodland

5. Northern Cypress-pine woodland

Plant Community Family Scientific Name Common Name AU SA EP 1 2 3 4 5

NATIVE SPECIES AIZOACEAE Disphyma crassifolium subsp.

clavellatum Round-leaf Pigface x x x

AIZOACEAE Gunniopsis quadrifida Sturt’s Pigface x AIZOACEAE Sarcozona praecox Sarcozona x x x AIZOACEAE Tetragonia eremaea Native Spinach x AMARANTHACEAE Hemichroa diandra Mallee Hemichroa x AMARANTHACEAE Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus Silver Tails x x ASTERACEAE Brachyscome ciliaris var. lanuginosa Variable Daisy x x ASTERACEAE Leiocarpa leptolepis x ASTERACEAE Leiocarpa pluriseta R K x x ASTERACEAE Minuria cunninghamii Bush Minuria x x x ASTERACEAE Minuria leptophylla Minnie Daisy x ASTERACEAE Polycalymma stuartii Poached Egg Daisy x ASTERACEAE Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed x ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe corymbiflora Grey Sunray x ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe moschata Musk Sunray x ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe polygalifolia Brilliant Sunray x x ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe stricta Slender Sunray x ASTERACEAE Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata Fuzz-weed x ASTERACEAE Vittadinia gracilis Woolly New

Holland Daisy x

ASTERACEAE Vittadinia sp. x CASUARINACEAE Casuarina pauper Black Oak x CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex holocarpa Pop Saltbush x CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex limbata Spreading Saltbush R x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis Bladder Saltbush x x x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium pumilio Small Crumbweed x CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium sp. x CHENOPODIACEAE Dissocarpus biflorus var. biflorus Twin-horned

Copperburr x

CHENOPODIACEAE Dissocarpus paradoxus Ball Bndyi x CHENOPODIACEAE Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Climbing Saltbush x x CHENOPODIACEAE Enchylaena tomentosa var.

tomentosa Ruby Saltbush x x x

CHENOPODIACEAE Eriochiton sclerolaenoides Woolly-fruit x



Copperburr CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana appressa Pale-fruit Bluebush U x CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana brevifolia Short-leaf Bluebush x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana oppositifolia Heathy Bluebush x CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pentatropis Erect Mallee

bluebush x x x

CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush x x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana sedifolia Pearl Bluebush x CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana sp. x CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana turbinata Top-fruit bluebush x CHENOPODIACEAE Osteocarpum sp. x CHENOPODIACEAE Rhagodia parabolica Mealy Saltbush x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Rhagodia spinescens Spiny Saltbush x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola australis Buckbush x x x x CHENOPODIACEAE Sarcocornia blackiana Thick-head

Glasswort x

CHENOPODIACEAE Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded Glasswort x x CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena brachyptera Short-winged

Copperburr U x

CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Copperburr x CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena divaricata Pale Poverty Bush R x CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Limestone

Copperburr x x

CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena patenticuspis Spear-fruit Copperburr

x

CHENOPODIACEAE Suaeda australis Austral Seablite x x CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp.

halocnemoides Grey Samphire U x x

CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia indica subsp. bidens x CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia pergranulata subsp.

pergranulata Black-seed Samphire

x

CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed x x x CRASSULACEAE Crassula colligata subsp.

lamprosperma x

CRASSULACEAE Crassula colorata var. acuminata x CRASSULACEAE Crassula tetramera Australian

Stonecrop x x x

CRASSULACEAE Crassula sp. x CUPRESSACEAE Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress Pine x FABACEAE Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush x x FABACEAE Acacia oswaldii Umbrella Wattle x FABACEAE Acacia papyrocarpa Western Myall x x FABACEAE Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae Elegant Wattle U x x x FABACEAE Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris Cassia Bush x GENTIANACEAE Sebaea albidiflora R x GOODENIACEAE Scaevola spinescens Spiny Fan Flower x x LILIACEAE Bulbine alata Leek Lily x x x x LORANTHACEAE Lysiana exocarpi subsp. exocarpi Harlequin Mistletoe x x



MALVACEAE Abutilon fraseri Dwarf Lantern-flower

x

MALVACEAE Lawrencia spicata Salt Lawrencia U x x MALVACEAE Malva behriana Australian

Hollyhock x

MALVACEAE Sida ammophila Sand Sida K x x MALVACEAE Sida fibulifera Pin Sida K x x MALVACEAE Sida intricata Twiggy Sida x MYOPORACEAE Eremophila glabra Tar Bush x MYOPORACEAE Myoporum montanum Water Bush x MYOPORACEAE Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla R R x x MYOPORACEAE Myoporum platycarpum subsp.

platycarpum False Sandalwood x

PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot x POACEAE Austrostipa drummondii Cottony Spear-

grass x

POACEAE Austrostipa elegantissima Elegant Spear-grass

x x

POACEAE Austrostipa nitida Balcarra Grass x x x POACEAE Austrostipa scabra subsp. falcata Spear-Grass x POACEAE Austrostipa sp. x POACEAE cf. Setaria constricta Knottybutt Grass x POACEAE Chloris truncata Windmill Grass x POACEAE Enneapogon avenaceus Common Bottle-

washers x

POACEAE Enneapogon cylindricus Jointed Nineawn R x POACEAE Phragmites australis Common Reed x POACEAE Zygochloa paradoxa Sandhills Cane-

grass x

PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia eremaea Small Purslane x x SANTALACEAE Exocarpos aphyllus Leafless Cherry x SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa subsp.

angustissima Narrow-leaf Hop-bush

x x x

SOLANACEAE Lycium australe Australian Boxthorn x x SOLANACEAE Nicotiana velutina Velvet Tobacco x SOLANACEAE Solanum petrophilum Rock Nightshade x THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea microcephala subsp.

microcephala Mallee Rice Flower x x x

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Nitraria billardieri Nitre Bush x x x ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum ammophilum Sand Twinleaf x ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum aurantiacum Shrubby Twinleaf x x INTRODUCED SPECIES AIZOACEAE *Galenia secunda Galenia x x AIZOACEAE *Mesembryanthemum aitonis Angled Ice Plant x x AIZOACEAE *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Ice Plant x x AIZOACEAE *Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Small Ice-plant x ANACARDIACEAE *Schinus molle Pepper-tree x x ASTERACEAE *Centaurea melitensis Maltese Cockspur x



ASTERACEAE *Gazania linearis Gazania x x ASTERACEAE *Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce x ASTERACEAE *Sonchus oleraceus Common

Sowthistle x

BORAGINACEAE *Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane x x BORAGINACEAE *Heliotropium curassavicum Smooth Heliotrope x BORAGINACEAE *Heliotropium eruopaeum Caterpillar Weed x x BRASSICACEAE *Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip x BRASSICACEAE *Carrichtera annua Ward’s Weed x x x x BRASSICACEAE *Diplotaxis muralis var. muralis Wall Rocket x BRASSICACEAE *Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard x x x x

CACTACEAE *Cylindropuntia rosea Hudson Pear x CACTACEAE *Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear x FABACEAE *Medicago polymorpha var.

polymorpha Burr-medic x x x x

FABACEAE *Melilotus indica Hexham Scent x x GERANIACEAE *Erodium cicutarium Cut-leaf Heron’s-bill x x LILIACEAE *Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed x x OXALIDACEAE *Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob x POACEAE *Avena barbata Bearded Oat x x POACEAE *Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel Grass x x POACEAE *Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Couch Grass x POACEAE *Hordeum glaucum Barley x POACEAE *Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu x POACEAE *Rostraria pumila Tiny Bristle-grass x POACEAE *Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass x x x x POLYGONACEAE *Acetosa vesicaria Rosy Dock x x POLYGONACEAE *Emex australis Three-cornered

Jack x x x

SOLANACEAE *Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn x x SOLANACEAE *Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco x VERBENACEAE *Verbena cf. officinalis Common Verbena x x x ZYGOPHYLLACEAE *Tribulus terrestris Caltrop x

R = Rare; U = Uncommon; K = Uncertain status

Appendix B BDBSA Flora Records

Family Scientific Name Common Name SA Native Species AIZOACEAE Glinus lotoides Hairy Carpet-weed AIZOACEAE Tetragonia eremaea Desert Spinach AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera nodiflora Common Joyweed AMARANTHACEAE Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus Pink Mulla Mulla AMARANTHACEAE Ptilotus polystachyus var. polystachyus Long-tails AMARANTHACEAE Ptilotus sessilifolius var. sessilifolius Crimson-tails AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum flaccidum Murray Lily ASCLEPIADACEAE Marsdenia australis Native Pear ASTERACEAE Actinobole uliginosum Flannel Cudweed ASTERACEAE Angianthus tomentosus Hairy Angianthus ASTERACEAE Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Swamp Daisy R ASTERACEAE Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head Daisy ASTERACEAE Brachyscome sp. Native Daisy ASTERACEAE Calotis cuneifolia Purple Burr-daisy ASTERACEAE Calotis cymbacantha Showy Burr-daisy ASTERACEAE Calotis erinacea Tangled Burr-daisy ASTERACEAE Calotis hispidula Hairy Burr-daisy ASTERACEAE Calotis scapigera Tufted Burr-daisy R ASTERACEAE Centipeda cunninghamii Common Sneezeweed ASTERACEAE Centipeda minima subsp. minima Spreading Sneezeweed ASTERACEAE Centipeda thespidioides Desert Sneezeweed ASTERACEAE Chrysocephalum apiculatum Common Everlasting ASTERACEAE Cratystylis conocephala Bluebush Daisy ASTERACEAE Eclipta platyglossa Yellow Twin-heads ASTERACEAE Elachanthus pusillus Elachanth ASTERACEAE Epaltes australis Spreading Nut-heads ASTERACEAE Epaltes cunninghamii Tall Nut-heads ASTERACEAE Euchiton sp. Cudweed ASTERACEAE Hyalosperma semisterile Orange Sunray ASTERACEAE Isoetopsis graminifolia Grass Cushion ASTERACEAE Leiocarpa websteri Narrow Plover-daisy ASTERACEAE Lemooria burkittii Wires-and-wool ASTERACEAE Millotia macrocarpa Large-fruit Millotia ASTERACEAE Minuria cunninghamii Bush Minuria ASTERACEAE Minuria integerrima Smooth Minuria ASTERACEAE Olearia muelleri Mueller's Daisy-bush ASTERACEAE Ozothamnus turbinatus Coast Bush-everlasting ASTERACEAE Picris squarrosa Squat Picris R ASTERACEAE Podolepis capillaris Wiry Podolepis ASTERACEAE Pogonolepis muelleriana Stiff Cup-flower ASTERACEAE Polycalymma stuartii Poached-egg Daisy ASTERACEAE Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe corymbiflora Paper Everlasting ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe pygmaea Pigmy Daisy ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe stricta Slender Everlasting ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe stuartiana Clay Everlasting ASTERACEAE Rhodanthe tietkensii Tietken's Daisy ASTERACEAE Senecio cunninghamii var. cunninghamii Shrubby Groundsel ASTERACEAE Senecio glossanthus Annual Groundsel


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA ASTERACEAE Senecio pinnatifolius Variable Groundsel ASTERACEAE Senecio runcinifolius Thistle-leaf Groundsel ASTERACEAE Trichanthodium skirrophorum Woolly Yellow-heads ASTERACEAE Vittadinia cervicularis var. cervicularis Waisted New Holland Daisy ASTERACEAE Vittadinia condyloides Club-hair New Holland Daisy ASTERACEAE Vittadinia gracilis Woolly New Holland Daisy ASTERACEAE Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden Everlasting AZOLLACEAE Azolla filiculoides Pacific Azolla AZOLLACEAE Azolla pinnata Ferny Azolla BORAGINACEAE Halgania andromedifolia Scented Blue-flower BORAGINACEAE Halgania cyanea Rough Blue-flower BORAGINACEAE Omphalolappula concava Burr Stickseed BORAGINACEAE Plagiobothrys plurisepaleus White Rochelia BRASSICACEAE Harmsiodoxa brevipes var. brevipes Short Cress BRASSICACEAE Lepidium fasciculatum Bundled Peppercress BRASSICACEAE Lepidium leptopetalum Shrubby Peppercress BRASSICACEAE Stenopetalum sphaerocarpum Round-fruit Thread-petal CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia communis Tufted Bluebell CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia fluminalis River Bluebell CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia littoricola Coast Bluebell CASUARINACEAE Casuarina pauper Black Oak CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex acutibractea subsp. acutibractea Pointed Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex eardleyae Eardley's Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex limbata Spreading Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex lindleyi subsp. lindleyi Baldoo CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex rhagodioides River Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex semibaccata Berry Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex sp. Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex suberecta Lagoon Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis Bladder Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium cristatum Crested Goosefoot CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium desertorum subsp. rectum Erect Goosefoot CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium nitrariaceum Nitre Goosefoot CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium pumilio Clammy Goosefoot CHENOPODIACEAE Dissocarpus biflorus var. biflorus Two-horn Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Dissocarpus paradoxus Ball Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Climbing Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Eriochiton sclerolaenoides Woolly-fruit Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana appressa Pale-fruit Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana ciliata Hairy Fissure-plant CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Fissure-plant CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana georgei Satiny Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pentagona Slender Fissure-plant R CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pentatropis Erect Mallee Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana radiata Radiate Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana rohrlachii Rohrlach's Bluebush R CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana sp. Bluebush/Fissure-plant CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana trichoptera Hairy-fruit Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE Maireana turbinata Top-fruit Bluebush


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA CHENOPODIACEAE Malacocera tricornis Goat-head Soft-horns CHENOPODIACEAE Osteocarpum acropterum var. acropterum Tuberculate Bonefruit CHENOPODIACEAE Pachycornia triandra Desert Glasswort CHENOPODIACEAE Rhagodia parabolica Mealy Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Rhagodia ulicina Intricate Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola tragus Buckbush CHENOPODIACEAE Scleroblitum atriplicinum Starry Goosefoot CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena brachyptera Short-wing Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena decurrens Green Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena muricata var. muricata Five-spine Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Oblique-spined Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena parviflora Small-flower Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena patenticuspis Spear-fruit Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena sp. Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena stelligera Star Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Sclerolaena tricuspis Three-spine Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE Suaeda australis Austral Seablite CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia indica subsp. leiostachya Brown-head Samphire CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia pergranulata subsp. pergranulata Black-seed Samphire CHENOPODIACEAE Tecticornia sp. Samphire CHENOPODIACEAE Threlkeldia diffusa Coast Bonefruit CHLOANTHACEAE Dicrastylis verticillata Whorled Sand-sage CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed CONVOLVULACEAE Cressa australis Rosinweed CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta victoriana CRASSULACEAE Crassula colligata subsp. lamprosperma Australian Stonecrop CRASSULACEAE Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula CUCURBITACEAE Mukia micrantha Desert Cucumber CYPERACEAE Bolboschoenus caldwellii Salt Club-rush CYPERACEAE Bolboschoenus medianus Marsh Club-rush CYPERACEAE Cyperus exaltatus Splendid Flat-sedge CYPERACEAE Cyperus gymnocaulos Spiny Flat-sedge CYPERACEAE Cyperus pygmaeus Pygmy Flat-sedge CYPERACEAE Cyperus rigidellus Dwarf Flat-sedge CYPERACEAE Fimbristylis velata Veiled Fringe-rush CYPERACEAE Schoenoplectus validus River Club-rush ELATINACEAE Elatine gratioloides Waterwort R EUPHORBIACEAE Chamaesyce drummondii Caustic Weed FABACEAE ‘dead Acacia' stenophylla FABACEAE Acacia brachybotrya Grey Mulga-bush FABACEAE Acacia colletioides Veined Wait-a-while FABACEAE Acacia hakeoides Hakea Wattle FABACEAE Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush FABACEAE Acacia oswaldii Umbrella Wattle FABACEAE Acacia rigens Nealie FABACEAE Acacia stenophylla River Cooba FABACEAE Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae Elegant Wattle FABACEAE Acacia wilhelmiana Dwarf Nealie FABACEAE Cullen discolor Prostrate Scurf-pea FABACEAE Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. aridicola Gorse Bitter-pea


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA FABACEAE Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa Native Liquorice FABACEAE Senna artemisioides subsp. petiolaris Flat-stalk Senna FABACEAE Swainsona colutoides Bladder Swainson-pea FABACEAE Swainsona microphylla Small-leaf Swainson-pea FABACEAE Swainsona reticulata FABACEAE Templetonia egena Broombush Templetonia FRANKENIACEAE Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Southern Sea-heath GOODENIACEAE Dampiera marifolia Velvet Dampiera GOODENIACEAE Goodenia fascicularis Silky Goodenia GOODENIACEAE Goodenia pinnatifida Cut-leaf Goodenia GOODENIACEAE Goodenia pusilliflora Small-flower Goodenia GOODENIACEAE Goodenia varia Sticky Goodenia GOODENIACEAE Goodenia willisiana Silver Goodenia GOODENIACEAE Velleia connata Cup Velleia GYROSTEMONACEAE Codonocarpus cotinifolius Desert Poplar HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum papillosum Robust Milfoil R HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum simulans Amphibious Milfoil HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum sp. Milfoil HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum verrucosum Red Milfoil HYDROCHARITACEAE Vallisneria americana var. americana River Eel-grass JUNCACEAE Juncus aridicola Inland Rush LAMIACEAE Prostanthera aspalathoides Scarlet Mintbush LAMIACEAE Teucrium racemosum Grey Germander LAMIACEAE Westringia rigida Stiff Westringia LAURACEAE Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurel LEMNACEAE Spirodela punctata Thin Duckweed LILIACEAE Bulbine semibarbata Small Leek-lily LILIACEAE Lomandra collina Sand Mat-rush LORANTHACEAE Amyema miquelii Box Mistletoe LORANTHACEAE Amyema preissii Wire-leaf Mistletoe LORANTHACEAE Lysiana exocarpi subsp. exocarpi Harlequin Mistletoe LYTHRACEAE Ammannia multiflora Jerry-jerry LYTHRACEAE Lythrum hyssopifolia Lesser Loosestrife MALVACEAE Hibiscus trionum var. trionum Bladder Ketmia MALVACEAE Sida fibulifera Pin Sida MALVACEAE Sida intricata Twiggy Sida MARSILEACEAE Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo MYOPORACEAE Eremophila bignoniiflora Bignonia Emubush MYOPORACEAE Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush MYOPORACEAE Eremophila divaricata subsp. divaricata Spreading Emubush MYOPORACEAE Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra Tar Bush MYOPORACEAE Eremophila longifolia Weeping Emubush MYOPORACEAE Eremophila polyclada Twiggy Emubush R MYOPORACEAE Eremophila scoparia Broom Emubush MYOPORACEAE Eremophila sturtii Turpentine Bush MYOPORACEAE Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla R MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus cyanophylla Blue-leaf Mallee MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus dumosa White Mallee MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus gracilis Yorrell MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus largiflorens River Box MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus oleosa Red Mallee


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus porosa Mallee Box MYRTACEAE Leptospermum coriaceum Dune Tea-tree MYRTACEAE Melaleuca lanceolata Dryland Tea-tree NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia coccinea Tar-vine OLEACEAE Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare Native Jasmine ORCHIDACEAE Acianthus pusillus Mosquito Orchid OXALIDACEAE Oxalis perennans Native Sorrel PITTOSPORACEAE Cheiranthera alternifolia Hand-flower PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago cunninghamii Clay Plantain POACEAE Austrodanthonia setacea Small-flower Wallaby-grass POACEAE Austrodanthonia sp. Wallaby-grass POACEAE Austrostipa elegantissima Feather Spear-grass POACEAE Austrostipa scabra subsp. falcata Slender Spear-grass POACEAE Cymbopogon obtectus Silky-head Lemon-grass POACEAE Enneapogon sp. Bottle-washers/Nineawn POACEAE Enteropogon ramosus Umbrella Grass POACEAE Eragrostis australasica Cane-grass POACEAE Eragrostis lacunaria Purple Love-grass R POACEAE Eragrostis leptocarpa Drooping Love-grass POACEAE Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha Perennial Cupgrass POACEAE Lachnagrostis billardieri subsp. billardieri Coast Blown-grass POACEAE Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grass POACEAE Phragmites australis Common Reed POACEAE Pseudoraphis spinescens Spiny Mud-grass POACEAE Setaria jubiflora Warrego Summer-grass POACEAE Sporobolus mitchellii Rat-tail Couch POACEAE Sporobolus virginicus Salt Couch POACEAE Tragus australianus Small Burr-grass POLYGONACEAE Muehlenbeckia florulenta Lignum POLYGONACEAE Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed POLYGONACEAE Persicaria prostrata Creeping Knotweed POLYGONACEAE Polygonum plebeium Small Knotweed POLYGONACEAE Rumex bidens Mud Dock POLYGONACEAE Rumex crystallinus Glistening Dock POLYGONACEAE Rumex tenax Shiny Dock PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia eremaea Dryland Purslane POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton tepperi Tepper's Pondweed PROTEACEAE Grevillea huegelii Comb Grevillea PROTEACEAE Grevillea pterosperma Dune Grevillea PROTEACEAE Hakea tephrosperma Hooked Needlewood R RANUNCULACEAE Myosurus minimus var. australis Mousetail RUTACEAE Boronia coerulescens subsp. coerulescens Blue Boronia SANTALACEAE Exocarpos aphyllus Leafless Cherry SANTALACEAE Exocarpos sparteus Slender Cherry SANTALACEAE Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit Cherry R SANTALACEAE Santalum lanceolatum Plumbush SANTALACEAE Santalum murrayanum Bitter Quandong SAPINDACEAE Alectryon oleifolius subsp. canescens SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea lobulata Lobed-leaf Hop-bush SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima Narrow-leaf Hop-bush SCROPHULARIACEAE Limosella australis Australian Mudwort


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA SCROPHULARIACEAE Stemodia florulenta Bluerod SOLANACEAE Duboisia hopwoodii Pituri SOLANACEAE Grammosolen dixonii SOLANACEAE Nicotiana goodspeedii Small-flower Tobacco SOLANACEAE Nicotiana velutina Velvet Tobacco SOLANACEAE Solanum coactiliferum Tomato-bush SOLANACEAE Solanum esuriale Quena SOLANACEAE Solanum lacunarium Lagoon Nightshade THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea microcephala subsp. microcephala Shrubby Riceflower THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea trichostachya Spiked Riceflower TYPHACEAE Typha domingensis Narrow-leaf Bulrush TYPHACEAE Typha sp. Bulrush URTICACEAE Urtica sp. Nettle ZANNICHELLIACEAE Zannichellia palustris R ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum ammophilum Sand Twinleaf ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum apiculatum Pointed Twinleaf ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum aurantiacum subsp. aurantiacum Shrubby Twinleaf ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Zygophyllum ovatum Dwarf Twinleaf Introduced Species AIZOACEAE Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Common Iceplant AIZOACEAE Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Slender Iceplant AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus cruentus Redshank ANACARDIACEAE Schinus molle Pepper-tree ASTERACEAE Achillea tomentosa Woolly Yarrow ASTERACEAE Aster subulatus Aster-weed ASTERACEAE Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle ASTERACEAE Chondrilla juncea Skeleton Weed ASTERACEAE Cichorium intybus Chicory ASTERACEAE Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle ASTERACEAE Conyza bonariensis Flax-leaf Fleabane ASTERACEAE Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Canadian Fleabane ASTERACEAE Dittrichia graveolens Stinkweed ASTERACEAE Gamochaeta spicata (NC) Spiked Cudweed ASTERACEAE Hedypnois rhagadioloides Cretan Weed ASTERACEAE Helianthus annuus Sunflower ASTERACEAE Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Cat's Ear ASTERACEAE Hypochaeris radicata Rough Cat's Ear ASTERACEAE Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce ASTERACEAE Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle ASTERACEAE Picnomon acarna Soldier Thistle ASTERACEAE Reichardia tingitana False Sowthistle ASTERACEAE Silybum marianum Variegated Thistle ASTERACEAE Solidago canadensis Golden Rod ASTERACEAE Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle ASTERACEAE Xanthium californicum Californian Burr ASTERACEAE Xanthium occidentale Noogoora Burr ASTERACEAE Xanthium spinosum Bathurst Burr BORAGINACEAE Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane BORAGINACEAE Heliotropium curassavicum Smooth Heliotrope BORAGINACEAE Heliotropium europaeum Common Heliotrope BRASSICACEAE Alyssum linifolium Flax-leaf Alyssum


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA BRASSICACEAE Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip BRASSICACEAE Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse BRASSICACEAE Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed BRASSICACEAE Eruca sativa Purple-vein Rocket BRASSICACEAE Hornungia procumbens Oval Purse BRASSICACEAE Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress BRASSICACEAE Lepidium strictum Matted Peppercress BRASSICACEAE Rorippa palustris Yellow Marsh-cress BRASSICACEAE Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard BRASSICACEAE Sisymbrium irio London Mustard CACTACEAE Opuntia stricta Erect Prickly Pear CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaf Allseed CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene nocturna Mediterranean Catchfly CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene tridentata CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta campestris Golden Dodder CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea indica Purple Morning-glory CRASSULACEAE Crassula natans var. minus Water Crassula CUCURBITACEAE Citrullus lanatus Bitter Melon CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis myriocarpus Paddy Melon CYPERACEAE Cyperus rotundus subsp. rotundus Nut-grass EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia dendroides Tree Spurge FABACEAE Medicago minima var. minima Little Medic FABACEAE Medicago rugosa Gamma Medic FABACEAE Melilotus albus Bokhara Clover FABACEAE Melilotus indicus King Island Melilot FABACEAE Trifolium tomentosum Woolly Clover JUNCACEAE Juncus acutus Sharp Rush LAMIACEAE Marrubium vulgare Horehound LAMIACEAE Salvia verbenaca var. vernalis Wild Sage LILIACEAE Asparagus officinalis Asparagus LILIACEAE Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed LIMONIACEAE Limonium lobatum Winged Sea-lavender ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis Water Primrose OXALIDACEAE Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob POACEAE Avena fatua Wild Oat POACEAE Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass POACEAE Bromus diandrus Great Brome POACEAE Bromus rigidus Rigid Brome POACEAE Bromus rubens Red Brome POACEAE Cenchrus incertus Spiny Burr-grass POACEAE Cenchrus longispinus Spiny Burr-grass POACEAE Chloris gayana Rhodes Grass POACEAE Chloris virgata Feather-top Rhodes Grass POACEAE Cynodon dactylon Couch POACEAE Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis POACEAE Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot POACEAE Digitaria sanguinalis Crab Grass POACEAE Echinochloa colona Awnless Barnyard Grass POACEAE Echinochloa crus-galli Common Barnyard Grass POACEAE Echinochloa esculenta Japanese Millet POACEAE Eragrostis cilianensis Stink Grass


Family Scientific Name Common Name SA POACEAE Hordeum glaucum Blue Barley-grass POACEAE Hordeum leporinum Wall Barley-grass POACEAE Lamarckia aurea Toothbrush Grass POACEAE Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass POACEAE Miscanthus sinensis POACEAE Parapholis incurva Curly Ryegrass POACEAE Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum POACEAE Paspalum distichum Water Couch POACEAE Paspalum vaginatum Salt-water Couch POACEAE Pennisetum setaceum Fountain Grass POACEAE Pentaschistis airoides False Hair-grass POACEAE Phalaris paradoxa Paradox Canary-grass POACEAE Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Beard-grass POACEAE Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass POACEAE Setaria pumila subsp. pumila Pale Pigeon-grass POACEAE Setaria verticillata Whorled Pigeon-grass POACEAE Setaria viridis Green Pigeon-grass POACEAE Sorghum halepense Johnson Grass POACEAE Vulpia myuros f. myuros Rat's-tail Fescue POLYGONACEAE Emex australis Three-corner Jack POLYGONACEAE Polygonum aviculare Wireweed POLYGONACEAE Rumex crispus Curled Dock POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton crispus Curly Pondweed PRIMULACEAE Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel SCROPHULARIACEAE Veronica peregrina subsp. xalapensis Wandering Speedwell SOLANACEAE Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn SOLANACEAE Lycopersicon esculentum Tomato SOLANACEAE Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco SOLANACEAE Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade VERBENACEAE Phyla canescens Lippia VERBENACEAE Verbena supina Trailing Verbena VITACEAE Vitis vinifera Grape Vine ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Tribulus terrestris Caltrop

Appendix C BDBSA Fauna Records

Class Species Common Name AUS SA Native Species AMPHIBIA Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Spotted Marsh Frog AMPHIBIA Neobatrachus centralis Trilling Frog AVES Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater AVES Acanthiza apicalis Inland Thornbill AVES Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill AVES Acanthiza iredalei Slender-billed Thornbill ssp ssp AVES Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill AVES Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk AVES Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk AVES Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper R AVES Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar AVES Anas castanea Chestnut Teal AVES Anas gracilis Grey Teal AVES Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck AVES Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird AVES Anthus novaeseelandiae Australasian Pipit AVES Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface AVES Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift AVES Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle AVES Ardea alba Eastern Great Egret AVES Ardea ibis Cattle Egret R AVES Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow AVES Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow AVES Artamus leucorynchus White-breasted Woodswallow AVES Artamus personatus Masked Woodswallow AVES Artamus superciliosus White-browed Woodswallow AVES Aythya australis Hardhead AVES Barnardius zonarius Australian Ringneck AVES Biziura lobata Musk Duck R AVES Cacatua sanguinea Little Corella AVES Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo AVES Cacomantis pallidus Pallid Cuckoo AVES Calamanthus campestris Rufous Fieldwren AVES Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper AVES Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper AVES Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint AVES Certhionyx variegatus Pied Honeyeater AVES Chalcites basalis Horsfield's Bronze-cuckoo AVES Chalcites osculans Black-eared Cuckoo AVES Charadrius australis Inland Dotterel AVES Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover AVES Cheramoeca leucosterna White-backed Swallow AVES Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern AVES Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Silver Gull AVES Cincloramphus cruralis Brown Songlark AVES Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark AVES Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier AVES Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt V


Class Species Common Name AUS SA AVES Climacteris affinis White-browed Treecreeper R AVES Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush AVES Coracina maxima Ground Cuckoo-shrike AVES Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike AVES Corvus bennetti Little Crow AVES Corvus coronoides Australian Raven AVES Corvus mellori Little Raven AVES Corvus sp. AVES Coturnix pectoralis Stubble Quail AVES Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie AVES Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird AVES Cygnus atratus Black Swan AVES Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird AVES Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu AVES Drymodes brunneopygia Southern Scrub-robin AVES Egretta garzetta Little Egret R AVES Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron AVES Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite AVES Eolophus roseicapillus Galah AVES Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat AVES Epthianura aurifrons Orange Chat AVES Epthianura tricolor Crimson Chat AVES Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel AVES Eurostopodus argus Spotted Nightjar AVES Falco berigora Brown Falcon AVES Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel AVES Falco longipennis Australian Hobby AVES Falco subniger Black Falcon AVES Fulica atra Eurasian Coot AVES Gallirallus philippensis Buff-banded Rail AVES Geopelia cuneata Diamond Dove AVES Geopelia placida Peaceful Dove AVES Glossopsitta porphyrocephala Purple-crowned Lorikeet AVES Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark AVES Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher R AVES Haematopus longirostris Australian Pied Oystercatcher R AVES Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle E AVES Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite AVES Hieraaetus morphnoides Little Eagle AVES Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt AVES Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow AVES Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern AVES Hylacola pyrrhopygia Chestnut-rumped Heathwren ssp ssp AVES Lalage sueurii White-winged Triller AVES Larus dominicanus Kelp Gull R AVES Larus pacificus Pacific Gull AVES Lichenostomus chrysops Yellow-faced Honeyeater AVES Lichenostomus ornatus Yellow-plumed Honeyeater AVES Lichenostomus penicillatus White-plumed Honeyeater AVES Lichenostomus plumulus Grey-fronted Honeyeater AVES Lichenostomus virescens Singing Honeyeater


Class Species Common Name AUS SA AVES Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit R AVES Lophocroa leadbeateri Major Mitchell's Cockatoo R AVES Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant-Petrel EN V AVES Malacorhynchus membranaceus Pink-eared Duck AVES Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren AVES Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairy-wren AVES Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren AVES Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner AVES Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird AVES Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar AVES Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater AVES Microcarbo melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant AVES Microeca fascinans Jacky Winter ssp AVES Milvus migrans Black Kite AVES Mirafra javanica Horsfield's Bushlark AVES Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher R AVES Neophema elegans Elegant Parrot R AVES Ninox connivens Barking Owl R AVES Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook AVES Northiella haematogaster Blue Bonnet ssp AVES Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel AVES Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon AVES Oreoica gutturalis Crested Bellbird AVES Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote AVES Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican AVES Petrochelidon ariel Fairy Martin AVES Petrochelidon nigricans Tree Martin AVES Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin AVES Petroica rosea Rose Robin AVES Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant AVES Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant AVES Phalacrocorax varius Pied Cormorant AVES Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing AVES Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella AVES Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover AVES Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe R AVES Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe AVES Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler AVES Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen AVES Psephotus varius Mulga Parrot AVES Psophodes cristatus Chirruping Wedgebill AVES Purnella albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater AVES Pyrrholaemus brunneus Redthroat AVES Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet AVES Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail AVES Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail AVES Sternula nereis Fairy Tern E AVES Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck V AVES Stiltia isabella Australian Pratincole AVES Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong ssp AVES Sugomel niger Black Honeyeater


Class Species Common Name AUS SA AVES Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe AVES Tadorna tadornoides Australian Shelduck AVES Taeniopygia guttata Zebra Finch AVES Thalasseus bergii Crested Tern AVES Todiramphus pyrrhopygius Red-backed Kingfisher AVES Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher AVES Tribonyx ventralis Black-tailed Native-hen AVES Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet AVES Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank AVES Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper AVES Tyto javanica Eastern Barn Owl AVES Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing AVES Zosterops lateralis Silvereye MAMMALIA Arctocephalus forsteri New Zealand Fur-seal MAMMALIA Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale R MAMMALIA Bettongia lesueur Burrowing Bettong (Boodie) EX E MAMMALIA Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat MAMMALIA Macropus rufus Red Kangaroo MAMMALIA Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale VU V MAMMALIA Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat MAMMALIA Pseudomys bolami Bolam's Mouse MAMMALIA Sminthopsis dolichura Little Long-tailed Dunnart MAMMALIA Tursiops aduncus Bottlenose Dolphin REPTILIA Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle EN E REPTILIA Ctenophorus cristatus Crested Dragon REPTILIA Ctenophorus pictus Painted Dragon REPTILIA Ctenotus leae Centralian Coppertail REPTILIA Ctenotus regius Eastern Desert Ctenotus REPTILIA Ctenotus robustus Eastern Striped Skink REPTILIA Ctenotus taeniatus Eyrean Ctenotus REPTILIA Cyclodomorphus melanops Spinifex Slender Bluetongue REPTILIA Delma molleri Adelaide Snake-lizard REPTILIA Diplodactylus tessellatus Tessellated Gecko REPTILIA Diporiphora winneckei Canegrass Dragon REPTILIA Egernia stokesii Gidgee Skink REPTILIA Eremiascincus richardsonii Broad-banded Sandswimmer REPTILIA Furina diadema Red-naped Snake REPTILIA Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko REPTILIA Lerista edwardsae Myall Slider REPTILIA Lucasium damaeum Beaded Gecko REPTILIA Menetia greyii Dwarf Skink REPTILIA Morethia adelaidensis Adelaide Snake-eye REPTILIA Morethia boulengeri Common Snake-eye REPTILIA Nephrurus levis Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko REPTILIA Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha Patch-nosed Brown Snake REPTILIA Ramphotyphlops bicolor Southern Blind Snake REPTILIA Ramphotyphlops bituberculatus Rough-nosed Blind Snake REPTILIA Ramphotyphlops endoterus Centralian Blind Snake REPTILIA Strophurus intermedius Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko REPTILIA Suta suta Curl Snake REPTILIA Tiliqua occipitalis Western Bluetongue


Class Species Common Name AUS SA REPTILIA Vermicella annulata Common Bandy Bandy R Introduced Species AVES Columba livia Rock Dove AVES Passer domesticus House Sparrow AVES Stigmatopelia chinensis Spotted Dove AVES Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling AVES Turdus merula Common Blackbird MAMMALIA Mus musculus House Mouse

EX = Extinct; EN = Endangered; V = Vulnerable; R = Rare

Appendix D EPBC Search Tool Results

flora survey and fauna risk assessment for the port ... · this report may be cited as: ecological...

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