floor covering unit 6. floors and flooring of all the furnishings in a room, the floor receives the...
TRANSCRIPT
Floor Covering unit 6
Floors and Flooring
• Of all the furnishings in a room, the floor receives the most abuse. Numerous materials are used for flooring including wood, carpet, ceramic tile, concrete, stone, and brick. The flooring sets the mood of the room.
• When selecting background materials for residential and nonresidential interior settings, it is important to start with the floor and work up.
• When selecting flooring, remember the following three things:
AppearanceDurability
MaintenanceCopyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Most are available with a factory applied protective finish and can be installed over concrete or wood.
Wood Flooring - Common Designs
Strip FlooringRandom Plank
Parquet
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Stone Flooring - Marble
• Recrystalization of limestone• most common• usually white, but may have
streaks of clouding
• Onyx• may have layers of different
colors or banding
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Stone Flooring - Terrazzo
•Even though marble is strong, there is a 50% + breakage at the quarry.
• Broken pieces are used to make Terrazzo.
• Terrazzo tile is used quite often in Italian Renaissance.
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Stone Flooring - Travertine
• Travertine is porous limestone that can be used on floors or walls.
• The limestone comes from mineral springs which cause limestone to be porous.
• The resulting holes are caused by escaping gas.
• When used on floors, holes are filled with a resin that may or may not be the same color.
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Tile Flooring - Ceramic
•Example: Delft•Blue and white designs•Originated in Holland in
the town of Delft
• Made of baked clay
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Tile Flooring
• Ceramic Mosaic• Individual tiles mounted together on a
sheet to help keep them together and make installation easier
• Mexican• Made from clay taken directly from the
ground• Shaped by hand, which results in
uneven thickness• Dried in the sun and often have prints
of leaves, animals, etc. that fall into or step into the drying tile
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Tile Flooring•Quarry Tile•Warm brown to warm beige
color
•Vinyl Tile•Available in 9, 12, 14, 16, or
18-inch squares•Vinyl also comes in sheet
vinyl
• Linoleum• Was the original sheet flooring material, first patented in 1863.
• Is now only manufactured in Europe and imported into the U.S.
• Is primarily available in roll form, approximately 6’6” wide in lengths up to 98 feet long.
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Concrete Flooring
• Extremely durable
• Can be stained, painted, stenciled, and textured
• If maintained properly, should last a lifetime
• Healthy alternative for people with allergies
• Popular in restaurants and commercial facilities but used in homes as well
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Sheet Vinyl
• Comes in 6, 9, and 12-foot widths
• Inlaid• Uses color granules arranged in a pattern• Layers are fused together with heat and
pressure• Design goes to the backing• Is the most durable vinyl flooring
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Carpeting Factors That Are Important to Consumers
• Density – the amount of the face yarn
• can be determined by bending the carpet sample and noting how close the tufts are together
• the denser the better
• Heat setting – the setting of the twisted yarns by heat or steam
• Twist – the rotating or spiraling of the yarn around itself
• Depth – how “tall” the fibers are
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Carpeting - Types of Fibers
Wool
Nylon
Olefin
Polyester
Acrylic
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Carpeting - Tufted Carpet
More than 90% of all soft floor coverings produced today are made by the
tufting process. In tufted carpets, pile yarns are sewn into a primary
backing. A secondary backing can be used for additional body and quality.
Uncut tufts
Primary backing
Basic Tufted Weave
Carpeting - Categories of Tufted Carpet
• Low-level Loop is used primarily for commercial areas, residential kitchens, and indoor-outdoor carpeting.
• Sculptured carpeting has cut loops and low-level uncut loops. It is used primarily in residential areas.
• Plush/Saxony refers to a high-level cut loop. It is also used primarily in residential settings.
• Frieze refers to medium density cut loops that are usually made of small diameter yarns that have a hard or tight twist.
Original tufting machines could only produce solid color, one-level carpet.
With advances in dyeing and machine designs, it is now possible to
produce multicolored carpets as well as various designs. New styles are
developed rapidly. Some of the more popular styles include the following:
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Carpet Padding
Carpet padding, often called underlay or cushion, is
necessary unless a carpet or rug is manufactured with
padding already attached. A good padding reduces
surface wear and extends the life of a rug or carpet.
Felted Padding
Padding can be made of many materials. The
following three categories are most typical:
Rubber Padding
Urethane or Plastic FoamCopyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.
Rugs
A rug is distinguished froma carpet in that it is finished on all sides and is not attached to the flooring below.
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.