-ED 091-564--

TITLE

INSTITUTION

PUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

DOCUMENT RESUME

-CE-001-335--

Flight Test Guide (Part 61 Revised): InstrumentPilot: Helicopter. '1

Federal Aviation Administration (DOT), Washington,D.C. Flight Standards Service.73.30p.Superintendent of Documents, U. S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D. C . 20402 (StockNumber 5007-00215, $0.40)

MF-$0.75 HC-$1.85 PLUS POSTAGE*Aircraft Pilots; *Certification; i Guides; PerformanceCriteria; *Performance Specifications; Skills;*Testing

ABSTRACTThe guide provides an outline of the skills required

to pass the flight test for an Instrument Pilot Helicopter Ratingunder Part 61 (revised) of Federal Aviation Regulations. Generalprocedures for flight tests are described and the following pilotoperations outlined: maneuvering by reference to instruments, IFRnavigation, instrument approaches, cross-country flying, andemergency operations. Under each heading the objective, procedures,and maneuvers are outlined, followed by descriptions and acceptableperformance guidelines ,for each item. The guide is intended to aidboth applicant and instructor and assist FAA inspectors anddesignated pilot examiners in the conduct and standardization offlight tests. (DS)

AC 61-64

FLIGHT TEST GUIDE '---

[PartA.64egevised]

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42'V.S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH:9 EDUCATION & WELFARE

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INSTRUMENT PILOT

Helicopter

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

cr FLIGHT TEST GUIDEcz)

[Part 61 Revised]

INSTRUMENT PILOT

Helicopter

1973

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE

For stile by the Superintendent of DocumentsU.S. Government Printing Office, 11hishingtott, D.C.. 20402

Price: 40 centsStock Number 600'7-00210

PREFACEPart 61 (revised) of Federal Aviation

Regulations, effective November 1, 1973, es-tablishes a new concept of pilot training andcertification requirements. To provide a

_transition _to _these revised requirements, Part__61 (revised) permits the applicant, for aperiod of 1 year- after the effective date, to

-meet either the previous requirements or thosecontained in the revised part.

This flight test guide, AC 61-64, has beenprepared by Flight Standards Service of theFederal Aviation Administration to assist theapplicant and his instructor in preparing forthe flight test for the Instrument Pilot Heli-copter Rating under Part 61 (revised). Itcontains information and guidance concern-ing the pilot operations, procedures, andmaneuvers relevant to the flight test requiredfor the Instrument Rating. A suggested flighttest checklist is included for the convenienceof those who may find such a checklist useful.

In addition to providing help to the appli-cant and his instructor, this guide will beuseful to FAA Inspectors and designated pilotexaminers in the conduct and standardizationof flight tests. Persons using this guide inconnection with instrument pilot training andflight tests should also refer to the applicable

iii

Federal Aviation Regulations; Airman's In.formation Manual; Instrument Flying Ilandbook, AC 61-27B; Civil Use of U.S. Govern-went Instrument Approach Procedure Charts,AC 90-1A; and other pertinent advisory cir-culars.

Comments regarding this guide may bedirected to Department of Transportation,.Federal Aviation Administration, FlightStandards Technical Division, P.O. Box25082. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73125.

iv

CONTENTSPage

Preface iiiApplicant's Flight Test Checklist viiGeneral Information 1

Pilot Operations

I. MANEUVERING BY REFER-ENCE TO INSTRUMENTSA. Straight-and-Level FlightB. TurnsC. Climbs and Descents 8

II. IFR NAVIGATIONA. Time, Speed, and Distance 9B. VOR Navigation 9C. ADF Navigation 10D. Navigation by ATC Instruc-

tions 10

III. INSTRUMENT APPROACHESA. VOR Approach 11B. ILS Approach 11C. Localizer Approach 12D. ADF Approach 13

IV. CROSS-COUNTRY FLYINGA. Selection of Route 14B. Procurement and Analysis of

Weather Information 14C. Development of Flight Log 15D. Air craft Performance and

Limitations 15

Page

E. Aircraft Systems and EquiP-ment 16

F. Preflight Check of Instrumentsand Equipment 16

G. Maintaining" Airways or ATCRoutes 16

H. Use 'of Radio Communications 17I. Holding Procedures 17

J. Instrument Approach Proce-dures 18

V. EMERGENCIESA. Recovery from Unusuar:Atti-

tudes 18B. Equipment or Instrument Mal-

functions 19C. Loss of Radio Communications 20D. Engine-out Procedures 20E. Missed Approach Procedures 22F. ASR Approach or Radar

Vectors 22

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. APPLICANT'S FLIGHT TEST GUIDECHECKLIST(Suggested)

APPOINTMENT WITH INSPECTOR OREXAMINER: Name

Time/Date

PROPERLY CERTIFICATED HELI-COPTER WITH DUAL CONTROLS

ViewLimiting DeviceAircraft Documents:

Airworthiness CertificateRegistration CertificateOperating LimitationsOwner's Handbook /Manual

Aircraft Maintenance Records:Airworthiness InspectionsStatic System and Altimeter Check

FCC Station I ;cense

PERSONAL EQUIPMENTCurrent ChartsComputer and PlotterFlight Plan Form

E. Flight Logs

PERSONAL RECORDS17 Pilot Certificate

Medical CertificateSigned RecommendationWritten Test ResultsLogbookNotice of Disapproval (if applicable)Approved School Graduation Certificate

(if applicable)FCC Radiotelephone Operator PermitExaminer's Fee (if applicable)

vii

GENERAL INFORMATION

PILOT TRAINING AND CERTIFICATIONCONCEPT

Part 61 of the Federal Aviation Regulationshas been revised and upgraded to reflect thecomplexity of the modern aircraft as well asits operating environment. In the past, air-man certification requirements could be metby training a student to pass a written testand then to demonstrate his ability to performpredetermined flight training maneuvers dur-ing a flight test. Rather than merely dupli-cating on the flight test the maneuvers usedfor training, the new training and certifica-tion concept requires that the applicant

_receive instruction in and demonstrate hiscompetency in all pilot operations listed inpertinent sections of the Part 61 (revised) .A pilot operation, as used herein, is a groupof related procedures and maneuvers involv-ing skills and knowledge required to safelyand efficiently function as a pilot. Thespecific procedures and maneuvers'-used toteach the pilot operations are not listed inPart 61 (revised). Instead, the instructor ispermitted to select procedures and maneuversfrom FAA-approved training publications per-tinent to the certificate or rating sought. Theinstructor indicates by logbook endorsement

1

that the applicant has demonstrated compe-,tency in all the required pilot operations andconsiders him qualified to pass the flight test.On the flight test, the examiner' selects theprocedures and maneuvers to be performed bythe applicant to show competency in each re-quired pilot operation.

The procedures and maneuvers appropriateto the Instrument Pilot Helicopter rating arecontained in Instrument Flying Handbook,AC 61-27B; Airman's Information Manual;and Civil Use o/ U.S. Government ApproachProcedure Charts, AC 90-14..

USE OF THIS GUIDE

The pilot operations in this flight test guide,indicated by Roman numerals, are requiredby § 61.65 of Part 61 (revised). This guideis intended only to outline appropriate pilotoperations and the minimum standards forthe performance . of each procedure ormaneuver which will be accepted by theexaminer as evidence of the pilot's com-petency. It is not intended that the applicantbe tested on every procedure or maneuverwithin each pilot operation, but only thoseconsidered necessary by the examiner to de-termine competency in each pilor:operation.Throughout the flight .test, certain procedures

The word "examiner" is used hereafter in thisguide to denote either the Federal Aviation Ad-ministration.Inspector or designated pilot examinerwho conducts an official flight test.

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or maneuvers may be evaluated separatelyor in combination with other procedure's ormaneuvers.

When, in the judgment of the examiner,.certain demonstrations are impractical, com-

.peteney may be determined by oral testing.This guide contains riff Objective for each

required pilot operation. Under each pilotoperation, pertinent procedures or maneuversare listed with Descriptions and AcceptablePerformance Guidelines.

1. The Objective states briefly the pur-pose of each pilot operation required onthe flight test.2. The Description provides informationon what may be asked of the applicantregarding the selected procedure ormaneuver. The procedures or maneu-vers listed have been found most effec-tive in demonstrating the objective ofthat particular pilot operation.3. The Acceptable Performance. Guide-lines include the factgrs which will betaken into account by the examiner ,indeciding whether the applicant has metthe objective of the pilot operation. Theairspeed, altitude, and heading tolerancesgiven represent the minimum perform-ance expected in good flying conditions.However, consistently exceeding thesetolerances before corrective action isinitiated or prematurely descending be-low DH or AIDA, is indicative of an

3

unsatisfactory -,performance. Any pro-cednre or action, or the lack thereof,which requires the intervention of theexaminer to maintain safe flight will bedisqualifying.

In the event the applicant takes the in-strument pilot flight test and the commercialpilot flight test simultaneously, the maneu-vers selected by the examiner for each maybe combined and evaluated together, wherepracticable.

GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR FLIGHTTESTS

The ability of an applicant for an instru-ment pilot helicopter rating to perform therequired pilot operations is based on thefollowing:

1. Completing a /checklist for instrumentflight operations appropriate to the heli-copter and equipment used.

2. Performing procedures and maneu-vers within the helicopter's performancecapabilities and limitations, including useof the helicopter's systems.

3. Performing emergency procedures andmaneuvers appropriate to the helicopter.

4. Piloting the helicopter with smoothnessand accuracy.

5. Exercising judgment.

6. Applying his aeronautical knowledge.

4

7. Showing that he is the master of thehelicopter, with the successful outcome ofa procedure or maneuver never seriouslyin doubt.

If the applicant fails any of the requiredpilot operations, he fails the flight test. Theexaminer or the applicant may discontinuethe test at any time when the failure of arequired pilot operation makes the applicantineligible for the certificate or rating sought.If the test is discontinued, the applicant isentitled to credit for only those entire pilotoperations that he has successfully performed.

Prior to flight, it should be clearly under-stood by the applicant and the examiner whatcopilot duties, if any, the examiner will per-form during the flight test.

FLIGHT TEST PREREQUISITES

An applicant for the instrument pilot heli-copter flight test is required by revised§ 61.39 of the Federal Aviation Regulationsto have: (1) passed the Instrument PilotHelicopter Written Test within 24 monthsbefore the date he takes the flight test; (2)the applicable instruction and aeronauticalexperience prescribed in Part 61 (revised) ;(3) at least a third class medical cer-tificate issued within the past 24 months; and(4) a written statement from a certificatedhelicopter instrument flight instructor certify-ing that he has given the applicant flight in-struction in preparation for the flight test

5

within 60 days preceding the date of applica-tion, and finds him competent to pass theflight test and to have a satisfactory knowl-edge of the subject areas in which he is shownto be deficient by his airman written testreport.

HELICOPTER AND EQUIPMENTREQUIREMENTS FOR FLIGHT TEST

The applicant is required by revised § 61.45to provide an airworthy helicopter for theflight test. This helicopter must have fullyfunctioning dual controls, must be capable ofand its operating limitations must not prohibit,the pilot operations required on the flight test.Flight instruments required are those appro-priate for controlling the helicopter in instru-ment conditions. Appropriate flight instru-ments are considered to be those outlined inFAR Part 91 for flight under instrument flightrules. The required radio equipment is thatnecessary for communications with ATC andfor the performance of VOR, ADF, and ILS(glide slope, localizer and marker beacon)approaches.

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PILOT OPERATIONS

Procedures/ManeuversI. MANEUVERING BY REFERENCE TO

INSTRUMENTS

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant can safely

and accurately maneuver the helicopter ininstrument conditions.

Procedures/Maneuvers

A. Straight-and-Level Flight

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate straight-and-level flightwith changes in airspeed and, if possible,helicopter configuration. He will be expectedto maintain altitude and heading and toaccurately control airspeed.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his ability to maintainaltitude within ±100 ft., heading within±10°, and airspeed within ±10 kts. of thatassigned.

B. Turns

I. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate heading changes using

7

various' means to determine rate and amountof turn. He should perform these turns inlevel, climbing, and descending flight. Thismay also include changes in airspeed and, ifpossible, helicopter configuration. Turns forthis demonstration may be selected from thefollowing:

a. Standard rate turns.b. Timed turns.c. Turns to predetermined headings.d. Magnetic compass turns.e. Steep turns.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evaluated on the basis of his ability to completeturns within ±10° of desired headings. Heshall maintain altitude within ±100 ft., andairspeed within ±10 kts. of that assigned.

C. Climbs and Descents

I. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate changes of altitudeincluding:

a. Constant airspeed climbs anddescents.

b. Rate climbs and descents.c. Climbs and descents to predeter-mined altitudes and headings.

The examiner may request the demonstrationbe performed in various helicopter configura-tions, if possible.

8

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on his ability to maintain airspeedwithin ±10 kts. and vertical rate with±200 ft. per minute of that desired. Level-offs and rollouts shall be completed within±100 ft. and -±-10° of the altitude andheading assigned.

II. IFR. NAVIGATION

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant can safely

and efficiently navigate in instrument conditions in the National Airspace System in com-pliance with Instrument Flight Rules andATC clearances and instructions.

Procedures/ManeuversA. Time, Speed, and Distance

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate preflight and inflightcomputations to determine ETE, ETA, windcorrection angle, and groundspeed.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his ability to makeaccurate and timely computations.

B. VOR Navigation1. Description The applicant may be

asked to demonstrate:a. Intercepting a VOR radial at apredetermined angle.b. Tracking on a selects.;! VOR

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c. Determining position using inter-secting VOR radials.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his accuracy in determin-ing his position by means of cross bearings,his interception procedures, and his abilityto maintain orientation and the assignedflight path.

C. ADF Navigation1. Description The applicant may be.

asked to use ADF for homing, interceptingand tracking predetermined radio bearingsto and from non directional beacons, and fordetermining position by use of cross bearings.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his accuracy in determin-ing his position by means of cross bearings,his interception procedures, and his abilityto maintain orientation and the assigned track.

D. Navigation by ATC Instructions

1. Description The applicant may beasked to show that he can comply with ATCinstructions and procedures. This includesnavigation by adherence to radar vectors andspecific instructions for headings and altitudechanges.

2.. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation of the applicant's performanceshall be based on his promptness and ac-

10

curacy in responding to and complying withATC navigation instructions.

III. INSTRUMENT APPROACHES

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant can, execute

safe and accurate instrument approaches topublished minimums under instrument con-ditions.

Procedures/ManeuversA. VOR Approach

I. Description The applicant may berequested to demonstrate a published VORapproach procedure. A circling approach willnot be required.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall descend at the properrate to the AIDA so as to arrive at a positionfrom which a normal landing approach canbe made. Deviations of more than ±10 kts.from the desired approach speed shall be dis-qualifying. Errors in altitude of more than100 ft. below prescribed altitudes duringthe initial approach or descending below theMDA prior to the examiner reporting therunway environment in sight shall be dis-qualifying.

B. ILS ApproachI. Description The applicant may be

requested to demonstrate a publishedapproach procedure. A circling approach willnot be required.

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2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesAs directed by the examiner, the applicantshall descend on a straightin approach tothe DH, arriving at a position from which anormal landing approach can be made.Deviations of more than ±10 kts from thedesired approach speed shall be disqualifying.Errors in altitude of more than 100 ft. belowprescribed altitudes during the initial ap-

- __proach, full scale deflection of the CDI or theglide slope indicator after glide slope inter-ception, or descending below the DH priorto the examiner reporting the runway environ-ment in sight shall be disqualifying.

C. Localizer Approach

1. Description The applicant may berequested to demonstrate a p;blishedlocalizer approach or an ILS (back course)approach procedure. A circling approach willnot be required.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall descend at the proper rateto the MDA so as to arrive at a -positionfrom which a normal landing approach canbe made. Deviations of more than ±10 ktsfrom the desired approach speed shall be dis-qualifying. Errors in altitude of more than100 ft. below prescribed altitudes during theinitial approach, full scale deflection of theCDI, or descending below the MDA prior tothe examiner reporting the runway environ-ment in sight shall be disqualifying.

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D. ADF Approach

1. Description The applicant may berequested to demonstrate an ADF approachusing a published NDB (non-directionalbeacon) approach procedure. A circling ap-proach will not be required.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall descend at the proper.

MDA so as to arrive at a positionfrom which a normal landing approach canbe made. Deviations of more than ±10 kts.from the desired approach speed shall bedisqualifying. Errors in altitude of morethan 100 ft. below prescribed altitudes duringthe initial approach, or descending below theMDA _prior to the examiner reporting therunway environment in sight shall be dis-qualifying...

IV. CROSS COUNTRY FLYING 2

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant can com-

petently conduct en route and terminal op-erations within the National Airspace Systemin instrument conditions, using radio aids andcomplying with ATC instructions.

'The examiner may ask the applicant to plan anIFR cross cotintry flight and set out on course. The

flight may be continued only long enough for theexaminer to determine the applicant's competencein IFR cross-country flying.

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Procedures /Maneuvers

A. Selection of Route

1. Description The applicant may beasked to select a route for an IFR flight ofat least 100 nautical miles, based on informa-tion contained in the Airman's InformationManual, En route Charts, Instrument Ap-proach Procedure Charts, and other appro-priate sources of information. This includesfacilities for all departures and arrivals.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on his ability to obtain and applypertinent information for the selection of asuitable route. Failure to determine currentstatus and usability of facilities shall be dis ,

qualifying.

B. Procurement and Analysis of WeatherInformation

1. Description The applicant may beasked to procure and analyze weather reportsand forecasts pertinent to his proposed flight.This information should provide (1) forecastweather conditions at deStination, (2) the

basis for selecting an alternate airport, and(3) the basis for selecting a route to avoidsevere weather.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall correctly analyze theweather reports and forecasts and understandtheir significance to the proposed flight.

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Failure to recognize conditions which wouldbe hazardous to his flight shall be disqualify-ing.

C. Development of Flight Log

1. Description The applicant may .beasked to develop a flight log for the proposedflight. This log should include at least theen route courses, estimated ground speeds,distances between checkpoints, estimatedtimes between checkpoints (ETEs), andamount of fuel required. On the basis of hislog, the applicant is expected to prepare anIFR flight plan for the examiner's review.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the completeness and accuracy of hisflight log and flight plan.

D. Aircraft Performance and Limitations

1. Description The applicant may beasked to apply the information contained inthe helicopter flight manual or manufacturer'spublished recommendations to determine theaircraft performance capabilities and weightand balance limitations, as appropriate to

flight in instrument weather conditions.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on his proper application of aircraftperformance and loading data in the conductof the proposed flight.

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iii

E. Aircraft Systems and Equipment

1. Description The applicant may beasked to explain the use of the instruments,avionic equipment, and any special systeminstalled in the helicopter used, includingindications of malfunctions and limitationsof these units.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evaluated ou his knowledge of the instruments andequipment which are installed in the heli-copter used for the flight test.

F. Preflight Check of Instruments andEquipment

1. Description Prior to takeoff, the ap-plicant may be asked to perform a systematicoperational cheek of engine instruments,flight instruments, and avionic equipment.All equipment should be apprelpriately set forhis departure clearance. The usc of a check-list is recommended. .

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the thoroughness and accuracy ofhis checks and procedures. Failure to prop-erly check and set instruments and equip-ment shall be disqualifying.

G. Maintaining' Airways or ATC Routes(see Pilot Operation II on page 9.) .

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H.. Use of Radio Communications

1. Description The applicant may beasked' to demonstrate the use of two-wayradio voice communication procedures for re-ports, ATC clearances, and other instructions.Radio communications may be simulated atthe discretion of the examiner.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evaluated on the basis of his use of properfrequencies, correct phraseology, and the con-ciseness, clarity, and timeliness of histransmissions. Acceptance of clearances basedon facilities or frequencies not appropriateto the equipment being used or to the air-craft performance capabilities shall be dis-qualifying.

I. Holding Procedures

1. Description The applicant may bedirected, by ATC or the examiner, to hold ineither a standard or a nonstandard patternat a specified fix. He should make a properentry as described in the Airman's Informa-tion Manual, remain within protected air-space, apply adequate wind correction, andaccurately time the pattern so as to leave thefix at the time specified.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on his compliance with instructions, andhis entry procedure, orientation, accuracy.

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and timing. Deviations of more than ±100ft. from the prescribed altitude or more than±10 kts. from holding airspeed shall bedisqualifying.

J. Instrument A p p r o a c h Procedures.I see Pilot Opttrtion 111 on page 11.)

V. EMERGENCIES

Objee tive

To determine that the applicant canpromptly recognize and take appropriateaction for abnormal or emergency conditionsand' equipment malfunctions while in instru-ment conditions.

Procedures/ManeuversA. Recovery from Unusual Attitudes

1. Description The examiner may placethe helicopter in unusual flight attitudeswhich could result from vertigo, wake tur-bulence, lapse of attention, or abnormaltrim conditions. The applicant should re-cover and return to the original altitude andheading. For this demonstration, the ex-aminer may limit the use of flight instru-ments by simulating malfunctions of theattitude indicator and heading indicator.However, particular care should be exercisedto avoid overcontrolling or critical flight at-titudes when performing these maneuvers.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation shall be based on the promptness,

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smoothness, and accuracy demonstrated.All maneuvering shall be conducted withinthe operating limitations of the helicopterused. Any loss of control or abrupt controlusage, which makes it necessary for theexaminer to take over to avoid exceeding anyoperating limitation of the helicopter shall bedisqualifying.

B. Equipment or Instrument Malfunc-tions

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate the emergency opera-tion of the retractable gear (if appropriate),and of the electrical, fuel, deicing, and hy-draulic systems if operationally practical.Emergency operations such as emergency gearextension (if applicable), or discharge of apressure fire extinguisher system will be

simulated only. Occasionally, during the per-formance of flight maneuvers described else-where in this guide, the examiner maysimulate a partial or complete loss of flightinstruments, navigation instruments, or equip-ment.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall respond to emergencysituations in accordance with procedures out-lined in the manufacturer's published recom-mendations. The applicant's performanceshall be evaluated on the basis of hiscompetency in maintaining aircraft control,

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his knowledge of the emergency procedures,the judgment he displays, and the accuracyof his operations.

C. Loss of Radio Communications

1. Description The examiner may sim-ulate loss of radio communications. Theapplicant should know the actions requiredpertaining to altitudes, routes, holding pro-cedures, and approaches.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation shall be based on the applicant'sknowledge of, and compliance with, thepertinent procedures required by Part 91 ofthe Federal' Aviation Regulations and theemergency procedures outlined in the Air-man's In Ionization Manual. An explanationor simulation of the proper procedures forloss of radio communications is acceptable.

D. Engine-Out Procedures

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate his ability to positivelyand accurately maneuver the helicopterduring engine-out situations.

In the case of a single-engine helicopter,the examiner may simulate a power failureby closing the throttle (or rotating the throttleto flight-idle, if appropriate). The applicantshould enter autorotation immediately.

In the case of a multiengine helicopter, theexaminer may simulate a power failure byclosing the throttle (or rotating the throttle

20

to flight-idle, if appropriate) on one engine.The applicant should promptly accomplish theprescribed single.engine procedures.

2. itcceptable Performance GuidelinesIn the case of a single-engine helicopter,evaluation shall be based on the applicant'sability' to safely enter an autorotation. Slowreaction to the simulated emergency, suchas failure to lower the collective pitch im-mediately, failure to maintain rotor r.p.m.within the allowable limits, failure to main-tain directional control within ±20° of theoriginal heading during the autorotativeentry, or failure to maintain an airspeedwithin -±-10 kts. of that recommended by themanufacturer shall be disqualifying.

In the case of a multiengine helicopter,evaluation shall be based on the applicant'sability to promptly identify the inoperativeengine, and to follow the procedures outlinedin the manufacturer's published recom-mendations. In 'cruising flight, the applicantshall maintain heading and altitude within±20° and ±100 ft. respectively. If thehelicopter is incapable of maintaining altitudewith an engine inoperative under existingcircumstances, the applicant shall maintainan airspeed within ±10 kts. of that recom-mended by the manufacturer.

During approaches,- the applicant shallpromptly correct any deviation from thedesired flight path.

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Any loss of control that makes it necessaryfor the examiner to take over, or any attemptat prolonged flight contrary to the single-engine operating limitations of the helicoptershall be disqualifying.

E. Missed Approach Procedures1. Description At any time during an

instrument, approach, the applicant may beasked to execute the missed approach pro-cedure depicted on the approach chart beingused. If the examiner does not specificallyask for the missed approach, but fails to

report the runway in sight at the DH orMDA, the applicant should immediatelyinitiate the missed approach procedure asdescribed on the chart .or as directed by ATC.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe evaluation shall be based on the appli-cant's timely and correct execution of themissed approach procedure.

F. ASR Approach or Radar VectorsI. Description The applicant may be

requested to demonstrate his ability to per-form an ASR approach, or to follow radarvectors, with or without the benefit of a di-rectional gyro. These procedures may beconducted by means of ATC instructions orby simulated ATC instructions given by theexaminer.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his knowledge of, and

22

ability to follow ASH procedures or radarvectors, with or without a directional gyro.Failure to maintain airspeed and altitudewithin . ±10 kts. and ±100 ft. respectively,or failure to maintain r.p.m. within allowable.limits shall be disqualifying: Abnormallyslow or incorrect response to instructions re-ceived shall also be disqualifying.

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U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1973 0 - 527-041