fission and fusion
DESCRIPTION
30 May 2012. Fission and fusion. U-235 binding energy Nuclear power plants Advantages and disadvantages Nuclear disasters. 11 Physics. U-235 binding energy per nucleon. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon where the mass of a U-235 nucleus is 235.0439299 u. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Fission and fusionU-235 binding energyNuclear power plantsAdvantages and disadvantagesNuclear disasters
30 May 2012
11 Physics
U-235 binding energy per nucleonCalculate the binding energy per nucleon where the mass of a U-235 nucleus is 235.0439299 u.
Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium-235
Binding energy per nucleon
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear power plantThermal power plantUses a nuclear chain reaction
Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant
Uranium fuelNatural uranium ore (pitchblende,
uranium oxide) is a mix of isotopes:
99.3% U-2380.7% U-235
(Plutonium-239 canalso be used as fuel)
not enough U-235 for a chain reaction
Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_ore
Critical mass: minimum size for a nuclear chain reaction to occur11kg Pu-
23952kg U-
235
image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_mass
Mk-54 SADM (Special Atomic Demolition Munition). The bare warhead package was an 28 cm by 41 cm cylinder that weighed 23 kg. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suitcase_nuke
PhET simArtificial transmutation:
10n + 235
92U 23692U
Nuclear chain reaction with U-235, eg:
23692U 137
55Cs + 9637Br + 3 1
0nIsotopic enrichment to 5% U-235Containment vesselControl rods
Nuclear power plant
ModeratorControl rodsReactor vesselHeat exchangerTurbineGenerator
Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant
Advantages and disadvantages high energy density large uranium reserves
in Australia, Canada, Kazahkstan
does not depend on weather, time of day, etc.
Radioactive waste Accident (thermal
meltdown) Terrorist target Non-renewable Mining and transport of
fuel difficult and expensive
Expensive to builld plant
Nuclear technology proliferation
Pu-239 created as waste product- could be used for weapons
Nuclear accidents: Chernobyl 1986
31 workers died from acute radiation sickness
thousands (?) of extra cancer deaths, particularly from thyroid cancer
power surge containment vessel rupture graphite moderator exposed to air fire
Image: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster
Nuclear accident: Fukushima 2011
Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_I_nuclear_accidents
tsunami flooding of control rooms coolant systems not working meltdown build up of hydrogen gas explosion
0 workers died from acute radiation sickness (though some were drowned in tsunami)
dozens (?) of extra cancer deaths (not from thyroid cancer)
Nuclear power plantShort (3 slide max, 4 min) presentation including information about: cooling system, fuel, moderator, control rods, waste, safety systems
diagrams and nuclear equationsreferencesAGR, PWRBWR, fast breeder
LinksPhET nuclear fissionhttp://
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/nuclear-fission