fisheries researcii institute, 11700 (-;elugor,...
TRANSCRIPT
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1991
FISHERIES RESEARCII INSTITUTE,
11700 (-;ELUGOR, P~NANG.
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES,
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,
MALAYSIA.
JULY 1992
1.
2.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION/HIGHTLIGHTS
1.1 Highlights of Aquaculture Research
1.2 Hightlights of Resource Research
1.3 Highlights of Aquatic Ecology Research
1.4 Technology Transfer
1.5 Operating Costs
1.6 R&D Expenditure
1.7 Organization
1.8 Posts
1.9 Research Facilities
PAGE
1
1
5
5
7
8
8
9
10
11
12-
2.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang 13
(a) Resource Research 13
(b) Aquaculture Research 15
(c) Aquatic Ecology & Pollution Research 15'
2.2 Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah 16
2.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca 16
2.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor 17
2.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu 17
2.6 Marine Fishe~ies Research Centre, Sarawak 19
2.7 Marine Fish Fry Prod.& Research Centre, Terengganu 19
i
3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
3.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang
(a) Resource Research 20
(b) Aquaculture (Mariculture) Research 38
(c) Aquatic Ecology & Pollution Research 45
3.2 Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah 51
3.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca 64
3.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor 76
3.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu 81
3.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak 88
3.7 Marine Fish Fry Prod. & Research Centre, Terengganu 96
4. MAINTENANCE & DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS 98
5. PUBLICATIONS & REPORTS 102
6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS ETC. 111
7. VISITS/VISITORS 115
8. MEE'l'INGS/SEMINAkS/LECTURES/TRAINING COURSES 118
APPENDIX 1 125
ii
FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA)
11700 GELUGOR, PENANG
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1991
1. INTRODUCTION/HIGHLIGHTS
Fisheries research and development carried out by the
Fisheries Research Institute (Department of Fisheries, Ministry
of Agriculture Malaysia) at its headquarters in Glugor, Penang
and its branches in various parts of the country (Appendix I)
Research and development was carried out on all aspects of
fisheries with the aim of providing the scientific basis and
technical support for the rational/sustainable development and
management of fisheries, i.ncludi.ng aquaculture in Malaysia.
1.1 Highlights of Aquaculture Research
In the field of aquaculture research and development,
several significant advancements were achieved in the breeding
and larviculture technology for several commercially important
species. These included the successes in the area of oyster
1
culture and breeding (parti~ularly of the species Crassostrea
iredalei and ~ belcheri), upgrading of marine shrimp and
freshwater prawn hatchery technology, freshwater fish propagation
(particularly of the species Probarbus jullieni, Oreochromis sp.
and Colossoma sp.) and further refinements ln the artificial
propagation and culture of other species including ornamental
fishes.
The success in the field of oyster culture was
remarkable during the year. The project, carried out
assistance of the Bay of Bengal Programme for
especially
with the
Fisheries
Dvelopment (BOBP), determined suitable techniques
sites for spat collection, transplantation and
and several
culture of
Crassostrea iredalet and ~~ belcheri, with the participation of
fisherfolk at various coastal localities. A cost-effective
depuration system was also installed at oyster farmers' premises
in Kedah and Perak and promotions of raw oysters were
successfully conducted at science/agriculture expositions,
seafood restaurants and leading hotels. Apart from developing
oyster spat collection from the wild, artificial propagation of
both Crassostrea iredalei and ~. belcheri was also successfully
carried out.
The hatchery technology for both the marine shrimp (Penaeus
monodon, E. merguiensis) and the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) was further advanced during the year. This was
reflected in the total number of shrimp/prawn fry produced as a
ny-product of the R&D work in hatchery technology which amounted
2
to more than 123.8 million, comprising 110 million of marine
shrimp postlarvae and 13.8 million freshwater prawn juveniles.
While both figures exceeded the targets by more than 20 percent,
the 13.8 million prawn juveniles produced marked a very
significant upgrading of hatchery technology, as high survivals
were consistently attained in spite of freshwater shortage
encountered during the year. The improved hatchery technology
also resulted in a lower cost of shrimp fry production, thus
enabling the price of shrimp postlarvae (PL 20-25) to be reduced
from 4 sen each to 2.5 sen during the year. ·On the other hand,
the price for freshwater prawn juveniles remains at 4 sen each,
in view of the need to encourage the setting up of freshwater
~rawn hatcheries which still have not been established as in the
case of shrimp hatcheries in the country_
'J'he Kaml:>ung Po] iF S<"'yak hatchery facilit.ies: also se~ed for
research on the large-scale artificial propagation of the
swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) and the mangrove crab (Scylla
serrata) _ Very encouraging results were obtained, with over 1.5
million juveniles of the swimming crab and 40,000 juveniles of
the mangrove crab produced for experimental pond culture as well
as for sea ranching.
In the research on the pond culture (grow-out) of marine
shrimps carried out at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research
Centre in Gelang Patah, Johore - it was found that for the
culture of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), ponds with a
sandy bottom gave considerably better (>30 percent) yields than
3
ponds with a muddy bottom. For pond water management, a
combination of a water pumping system with tidal water exchange
proved to be much better than the tidal exchange alone.
In
progress
temoleh
the area of freshwater fish research, significant
was achieved in the artificial propagation of the
(Probarbus jullieni). Following the first spawning of
this fish at· Batu Berendam, Malacca in November 1990 which
produced only about 1,000 fertilized eggs and 28 fingerlings,
about 200,000 fertilized eggs were produced from spawnings in
February 1991. The larviculture succeeded in raising more than
1,300 fingerlings from which 300 were provided for restocking the
Perak River, with the aim of rehabilitating the temoleh stock in
the wild. In the breeding of Tilapia for colour selection, the
percentage of Red Tilapia fry obtained from fry-production ponds
was about 99%. For the experimental fibreglass tanks, 100% red
was maintained. In the mixed culture of Red Tilapia in
freshwater ponds utilizing the siakap (Lates calcarifer) to
control over-crowding due to the prolific breeding of the Tilapia
in the culture ponds, the siakap was found to be very effective.
To speed up the identification of potential areas for
aquaculture development - particularly the construction of ponds
for prawn/fish culture - the use of computerised geographical
information system (GIS) was applied to cover more areas in
Malaysia during the year.
4
1.2 Highlights of Resource Research
Fisheries resource research activities during 1991 were
concentrated on the monitoring of the catches of commercial
fishing boats at selected fish landing centres in Malaysia. The
catch rates and species 6omposition of the landings of trawlers
and purse-seiners were monitored on a monthly basis throughout
the year. Biological data were also collected on selected
demersal and pelagic fish species to determine their growth
parameters and exploitation rates. The study on the recruitment
of penaeid prawns in the waters off Kuala Sapetang, Perak was
also continued through the year.
A trawling survey to monitor the status of the coastal
demersal fisheries resources off the East coast of Peninsular
Malaysia was conducted during th~ year.
application of remote sensing to correlate surface temperature
and other parameters at sea with the distribution and abundance
of fish stocks.
In the field of fishing gear technology, studies were
conducted on the suitability and efficiency of pair trawling in
offshore waters and ~he use of squid traps in inshore waters.
1.3 Highlights of Aquatic Ecology Research
Under the aquatic ecology research programme, the
artificial reef project monitored the effectiveness of reefs made
of rubber tyres, pvc pipes, concrete and a combination of PVC and
5
concrete blocks. Th~re was a greater encrustation of oysters on
concrete reefs than on tyre or PVC reefs. The fishes commonly
found in the artificial reefs included several serranids and
lutjanids of commercial importance.
l{onitoring of heavy metal and pesticide levels in fish and
shellfish sampled from coastal areas in Malaysia showed values
below the maximum permissible limits of the Swedish Codex. This
indicated that the sp~cies sampled do not pose any health hazard
to the consumers in as far as the heavy metals and pesticides
analysed are concerned.
Other activities carried out by the Aquatic Ecology Section
included studies on seagrass, mangrove and coral reef ecosystems,
monitoring of coastal water quality at selected localities
including Pulau Langkawi, Pulau Pinang and Pulau Redang, and
At the Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Chendering,
Terengganu, further success was reported in the rearing of the
leatherback turtle, which was first started in September 1990
under the Turtle Conservation Programme, using the hatchery
facilities at the Tanjung Demong Marine Fish Fry Production
Centre. The project has set a world record in the keeping of
baby leatherbacks in captivity. From an initial weight of 39 gm,
the surviving young turtles had grown to an average weight of
16.0 kg each by the,end of 1991. Studies are still in progress
to study the biology of the leatherback in captivity, in addition
to the conservation efforts carried out on the nesting beach and
at sea.
6
1.4 Technology Transfer
The transfer of technology from research to extension
workers and the target group continued during the year. The
total number of trainees, comprising aquafarmers, extension
workers of various government agencies and also international
participants, who attended courses at the Institute's Kampung
Pulau Sayak Centre amounted to 403. There were altogether 31
training sessions covering nine 'different topics on brackishwater
aquaculture, including one shrimp hatchery course conducted for
international participants under the Malaysia Technical
Cooperation Programme.
Several R&D projects including bivalve (oyster / mussel· /
cockle) trans!?1 ant.ation 1n~ cnltr'.!"e i rohellfis!: ce?'2!"<!ticr.., ::::!-!::-:':::t::.
/ prawn cultur.e, fishing gear technology were implemented with
the direct participation of fisherfolk in various localities in
the country.
The Institute's findings/achievements were reported in many
technical reports ar.d papers prepared for the Department and/or
for publication. Some of the major findings were exhibited in
various expositions held at both State and National levels
(including Ekspo Hari Peladang/Penternak/Nelayan'. Pameran Hasil
Penyelidikan) . The Institute was awarded the 1st Prize at the
exposition of research results held at the Putra World Trade
Centre in Kuala Lumpur, in conjunction with the 5th National
7
Science & Technology Week and the same exhibits helped the
Department of Fisheries also to win the 1st Prize at the National
Level Farmers' Day Expo held at the Agriculture Park in Shah
Alam, Selangor.
1.5 Operating costs
In 1991, the operating cost of running the Institute,
together with its following branches:
i) Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johore;
Gelang Patah,
ii) Harine Fish Resource Research Centre, Chendering,
iii)
Terengganui
Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca and;
Batu Berendam,
iv) National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau 5dy dK, :r\eu.a.~l i
amounted to slightly over $5.4 million (Operating costs for the
Tanjung Demong Marine Fish Fry Production Centre and t:he Bintawa
Marine Fisheries Research Centre were still included under the
Department of Fisheries, Terengganu and Sarawak respectively) .
Occasional difficulties were encountered with the operating
budget and it is hoped that there will be an appropriate increase
of operating funds in future.
1.6 R&D Expenditure
Research and development expenditure for the year in the
8
following R&D Programmes under IRPA, totalled approximately $2.7'
million:
Assessment of Coastal Fish Resources $405,556
Artificial Reef Development $239,115
Assessment of Offshore Fish Resources $453,249
Aquaculture Research $1,092,032
Handling of Fish Products $141,888
Mollusc Culture $151,202
Turtle Conservation $246,582
Total R&D Expenditure $2,729,624 ============
1.7 ORGANIZATION
The Institute comprises 3 research sections, viz. Resource,
Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture (Appe.ndix 2).
The Resource section consists of the Demersal, Pelagic and
Fishing Gear Technology units - all based in Glugor - and the
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, situated in Chendering,
Terengganu. The Marine Fisheries Research Centre, located in
Bintawa, Sarawak, mainly carries out studies on coastal and
offshore fisheries resources but also carries out research and
development of coastal/brackishwater aquaculture in Sarawak.
The Aquatic Ecology section includes the Conservation and
Pollution units, both based in Glugor, Penang. It works closely
with the Institute's branches in Chendering, Terengganu and
9
Bintawa, Sarawak,
marine parks.
on the development of artificial reefs and
The Aquaculture Section consists of the Mariculture unit in
Glugor, Penang; the Freshwater Fish Research Centre in Batu
Berendam, Malacca; the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre
in Gelang Patah, Johore and the National Prawn Fry Production and
Research Centre in Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.
The Institute also has a research component in the
Department's Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre at Tanjung
Demong, Terengganu where research and development on the
artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer, ~inephelus sp. and
Lutjanus sp. has mqde further progress.
1.e PCST~
In 1991 r the Institute had a total of 516 permanent posts,
the breakdown of which is as follows:
Group A Group B Group C Group D Total
Glugor 39 8 50 72 169
Kg. P. Sayak 12 5 17 39 73
B. Berendam 12 9 27 56 104
G. Patah 5 2 7 24 38
Chendering 4 0 11 15 30
Tg. Demong 1 1 6 9 17
Bintawa 11 1 28 45 85
TOTAL 84 26 146 260 516
10
However not all the posts were filled. Several staff
members were away on long study leave and available staff had to
be redeployed in order to enable projects to be implemented as
smoothly as possible. The problem arising from the insufficient
number of suitably trained crew members for the various research
vessels was often quite critical as the job could not be done by
unqualified personnel. This was alleviated to some extent by
carrying out some investigations at sea on board commercial
fishing vessels. To ensure the smooth.implementation of all the
research projects, it is hoped that all existing vacancies of
posts in the various categories will be filled as soon as
possible.
1.9 RESEARCH FACILITIES
During the year, some additional facilities were under
construction and at the same time several research facilities in
all branches of the Institute were considerably upgraded with the
completion of development projects and the provision of adequate
funds under the TRPA Programme.
The Phase Two Extension to the Marine Finfish Fry Production
Centre in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu was nearing completion and
is expected to be ready for operation in 1992. In the meantime,
plans were finalized for the construction of additional hatchery
facilities for marine finfish propagation to provide the fry for
restocking of coastal waters.
11
The completion of a new 4-storey building in Chendering,
Terengganu in 1991 provided adequate space for the Marine Fish
Resource Research Centre, earlier temporarily housed in 2 rented
shoplots. In the meantime, a new ~esearch complex specifically
designed for the Marine Fish Resource Research Centre as part of
Research Modernization under the ADB-MAL 862 Project is under
construction and is due for completion in early 1992.
Under the same Research Modernization Project, detailed
planning and site preparation for the construction of a new
research cum administrative complex of the Fisherie~ Research
Institute (headquarters) at Batu Maung, Penang made considerable
progress in 1991. This complex is urgently required to provide
the necessary space and facilities for all aspects of fisheries
Besides the shore-based facilities, there are several
research vessels available for resource assessment, exploratory
fishing and fishing gear development. The vessels are also
deployed for artificial reef construction and monitoring, and
pollution studies. These include K. K. MERSUJI, K.K. PELALING,
K.K. KERAPU and K.K. JENAHAK which are based in Glugor, Penangi
K.K. SENANGIN' in Chendering, K.K. MAN CHONG and K.K. MALONG in
Kuching, Sarawak. ~ull deployment of the vessels for the year
was however handicapped by crew shortage.
12
2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS
The overall research programme is geared towards the proper
development and management of the fisheries sector (including
aquaculture), in line with Government policies and in particular,
the National Agriculture Policy.
The main research projects carried out by the officers of
the various sections/centres of the Institute during 1991 were as
follows:
2.~ Fishe~ies Research Institute, Penang:
(a) Resource Research
2.1.1 M0nitoring and analysis of ~andings an~ cate~co~positi0n of commercial fish purse-seine boats (ehee Phaik Ean) .
2.1.2 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial anchovy purse-seine boats (ehee Phaik Ean) .
2.1.3 Biological s~udies on selected pelagic fish including tuna (ehee Phaik Ean) .
species
2.1.4 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial 2-boat Danish seines based in Kuala Kurau, Perak (ehee Phaik Ean).
2.1.5 Demersal the east Nuruddin) .
fish resource survey in the coastal waters coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Ahmad Adnan
off b.
2.1.6 Monitoring and analysis of landings of carpet clams (Paphia undulata) at Sungai Batu, Kedah (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin and Ibrahim b. Johari).
2.1.7 Prawn resource study in the coastal waters off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Abu Talib b. Ahmad and Alias b. Man).
13
2.1.8 studies on the recruitment of the penaeid prawn Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sapetang, Perak (Lui Yean Pong, Abu Talib b. Ahmad, and Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin).
2.1.9 Monitoring and analysis of landings .and catch composition of commercial trawl boats (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa).
2.1.10 Biological studies on selected demersal fish species (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa).
2.1.11 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch of palisade traps (kelongs) operated in the Johore (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa).
composition waters of
2.1.12 Electrophoretic studies on the taxonomy of prawns, fish and squids (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa and Samsudin b. Basir).
2.1.13 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of sotong arus (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) portable traps (Samsudin b. Basir and Rosidi b. Ali).
2.1.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl net (Rosidi b. Ali and I~rahim b. Johari).
2.1.15 Comparative studies on the efficiency cf 2-seam, 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets (Rosidi b .. Ali).
2.1.16 Trials with crab traps in the waters of Selangor (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
2.1.17 Comparative study between the catches with prawn trawl net and 2-boat Danish seine net in the coastal waters off Kuala Kurau, Perak (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
2.1.18 Monitoring and analysis of fishing trials conducted jointly with the Extension and Education Division of the Department of Fisheries Malaysia (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
2.1.19 study on the design of trawl nets used by offshore trawlers (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
14
(b) Aquaculture Research
2.1.20 Oyster transplantation and culture (Ong Kah Sin, Ng . Fang Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair).
2.1.21 Cockle transplantation and culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair) .
2.1.22 Mussel transplantation and culture (Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ng Fang Oon).
2.1.23 Fish health and disease (Chuah Toh Thye, Chao Poh Sze, Devakie Nair) .
2.1.24 Seaweed (Polycavernosa) culture (Ramli Saad).
2.1.25 Offshore Cage Culture (Ong Kah Sin, Hambal Hanafi, Ramli Saad) .
(c) Ecology Research
2.1.26 study on Artificial Reefs (Abdul Razak Latun, Edward Wong Fai Hung) .
2.1.27 study on the Marine Parks/Coral Reef Ecosystem (Kushairi Rajuddin, Edward Wong Fai Hung, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah) .
2.1.28 study on the Seagrass Ecosystem (Kushairi Rajuddin).
2.1.29 study on the Mangrove Ecosystem (Kushairi Rajuddin).
2.1.30 Shellfish Depuration (Ismail Ishak).
2.1.31 Monitoring of heavy metals in fish, shellfish and sediments (Shahunthala Devi).
2.1.32 Analyses of pesticides in fish and shellfish (Rohani Ibrahim) .
2.1.33 Toxicity Screening (Rohani Ibrahim).
2.1.34 Water Quality Monitoring (Ismail Ishak).
15
2.2 National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah
2.2.1 Culture of live food organisms '(Faazaz Abd Latiff, Che utama Che Musa and Fariduddin Othman).
2.2.2 Maturation studies of Penaeus monodon (V. Palanisamy).
2.2.3 Culture of pond grown broodstock of E. monodon (K. Subramaniam, Liong pit Chong and Safiah Sayuti).
2.2.4 Larviculture of marine shrimp (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz Abd. Latiff, Rashidah Mat Resat and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).
2.2.5 Larviculture Macrobrachium Jamari) .
of the Giant Malaysian Freshwater Prawn rosenbergii (Yaakob Ahmad and Zainoddin
2.2.6 Larviculture of swimming crab and mud crab (Zainuddin Jamari and Che utama Che Musa) .
2.2.7 Nursery management and fry distribution and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).
(Othman Muhamad
2.2.8 Feed formulation (Che utama Che Musa and Jamari) .
Zainodciin
2.2.9 Pathology and water quality studies (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz A!:Jd.. Lu.'tiff u.~,d. ~ivrag r~ t C!-;.o~g) e
2.2.10 Training courses (Centre & DOF).
2.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Melaka
2.3.1 Breeding of indigenous fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman, Haron Abdullah)
2.3.2 Breeding of exotic fishes (Mohamad Zaini Suleiman, Saadon b. Kasmon)
2.3.3 Breeding of catfishes (Thalathiah saidin, Ibrahi~ Taat)
2.3.4 Genetics and breeding of Tilapia (Chuah Hean Peng, Nor Azman Abd. Ghani)
2.3.5 Breeding and culture of ornamental fishes (Mohammad Zaini Suleiman, Saadon Kasmon)
2.3.6 Pond culture of the Red Tilapia (S. Pathmasothy, Lim Teik Jirt)
16
2.3.7 Pondculture of the Malaysian Freshwater Prawn (Suhairi Alimon, Misri Samingin)
2.3.8 Culture of live food organisms (Siti Azamah Mustapha)
2.3.9 Fish nutrition (S. Pathmasothy, Maznah othman)
2.3.10 Fish disease diagnostic and control (Siti Zahrah Abdullah)
2.3.11 Fishery development Zulkafli Abd. Rashid,
of reservoirs (Thalathiah Saidin, Chuah Hean Peng, Misri Samingin)
2.3.12 National Rashid,
Agriculture Zahari Awang)
Park, Shah Alam (Zulkafli
2.3.13 Water quality in aquaculture (Maznah Othman, Awang) .
2.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research centre, Johore
2.4.1
2.4.2
Pond culture of Penaeus monodon and E. mergueinsis. Toh Thye, Ramli Khamis, and Azmi Abd. Rahman)
Nursery of the giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer)in ways and the culture of the Red Tilapia (Oreochromis in brackishwater pond. (Fauzidah Othman)
Abd.
Zahari
(Chuah
race sp. )
'2.4. . 3 Feed fcrr.n.:l<::.~icr. fer t~c ;:,anana p:::-~~!!"l. (::s!nc.il Abu Hassan)
2.4.4 Pond Management unit. (Md. Nafiah Md. Yasin)
2.4.5 Pond and River Water Chemistry. (Rosly Hassan)
2.4.6 Engineering and Transfer of Technology. (Ramli Khamis and Azmi Abd. Rahman).
2.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terenqqanu
Marine Fish Assessment Programme
2.5.1 Squid migration in Terengganu waters (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)
2.5.2 Design and modification of fishing gear (Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim, Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)
2.5.3 Landings and composition of demersal fish (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Azman bin Said, Syed Abdullah bin Syed Abdul Kadir)
2.5.4 Payaos for recreation at Pulau Redang (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)
17
2.5.5 Recreational fish resources (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)
2.5.6 Pelagic fish landings (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Syed Abdullah bin Syed Abdul Kadir)
Fisheries Oceanography Programme
2.5.7 Analysis of imageries in remote sensing (Abdul Hamid bin Yasin, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Azman bin Said)
Resource Development Programme
2.5.8 Building of a prototype reef for squids (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin)
2.5.9 Assessment of reef fish resources (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan)
Resource Conservation Programme
2.5.10 Migration of the leathery back turtle (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin)
2.5.11 Turtle tagging (Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim)
2.5. 12 Reari~g of yo~~q ~ca::hc:.-~Y =~C}: "'~~:,"-=lc:: (::{2.!:'!.c.=~u.dd=-!! biT' Ibrahim, Roosevien Farida Nilawati binte Rachmat)
2.5.13 Monitoring of turtle population (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Russin)
Resource Ecology Programme
2.5.14 Monitoring of the sedimentation process in Pulau Redang (Mohd. Pauzi bin Abdullah, Abdul Aziz bin Yusof)
2.5.15 Monitoring sedimentation using radioactive substances (Mohd. Pauzi bin Abdullah, Abdul Aziz bin Yusof)
Special (ADB-MAL,862) Programme
2.5.16 ADB reef project - PVC reef at Pulau Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Sukarno Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Che Omar bin Mat Said)
Perhentian bin Wagiman, Hussin, Azman
(Raja Raja bin
2.5.17 ADB reef project - Recreational reef at Pulau Tioman (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin)
2.5.18 ADB reef project - spiny lobster reef at Pulau Redang (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin).
18
2.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak
2.6.1 Demersal fish survey in the 12 - 30 nautical miles waters off Sarawak (George Chong Chiaw Min)
2.6.2 Experimental fishing using troll lines and fish aggregating devices (FADs) in Pulau Layang-Layang waters (Richard Rumpet)
2.6.3 Demersal fish survey in the 12 - 30 nautical miles waters off the 'west coast of Sabah (Radii Rajali)
2.6.4 Survey of prawn resources in the Kuching Bay, Sarawak (Radii Rajali)
2.6.5 study of tuna landings and biology in Mukah District, Sarawak (Richard Rumpet)
2.6.6 Culture of green mussels (Perna viridis) on ropes attached to rafts in Salak, Sarawak (Mohammad Mohidin)
2.6.7 Monitoring of the eggs and larvae of Tenualosa toli in the Batang Lupar Estuary, Sarawak (Yong Ai Rua)
2.6.8 Artificial reef construction and extension using discarded rubber tyres in Sarawak waters (Ismaili Bujang pit)
2.7 Marine Fish Fry Production & Research Centre, Terenqqanu
2.7.1 Marine finfish broodstock maturation (Nik Razali Nik Lah).
2.7.2 Siakap (Lates) fry production (Russin Mat Ali).
2.7.3 Grouper (Epinephelus) fry production (Ali Awang).
19
3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
3.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Penang
(a) Resource Research
3.1.1 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch compcsitioli of commercial fish purse-seine boats.
Based on monthly monitoring of the landings of fish purse-
selne boats based in Telok Bahang, Pulau Pinang ~nd Pulau
Pangkor, Perak, it was observed that purse-seine fishing
activity was low at both these places. These boats switched from
using lures (tuas) or night (malam) operations to using spot
lights to aggregate fish. Thus the landings of fish by these
boats were mixed and could not be separated by category of fish
purse seine. catches by these boats were observed to be low for
most months of the year.
Telok Bahang, Pulau pi nang
The average catch per boat per month ranged from 3.30 tonnes
to 34.09 tonnes. Fishing activity at Teluk Bahang, pulau Pinang,
terminated after July 1991 after a very short season. This was
attributed to bad sea conditions and very low catches of fish.
The catch comprised mainly of ikan selayang (Decapterus
spp) , ikan kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta), ikan selar (Atule
mate) and tuna (Euthynnus affinis and Auxis thazard). Lesser
quantities of ikan cincaru (Megalaspis cordyla), ikan tamban
buluh (Dussumieria hasselti) and ikan bawal hitam (Formio niger)
were landed.
20
Pulau Pangkor, Perak
Most boats switched between using lights to aggregate fish
and chasing free-swimming schools of fish during the night.
"Mix" landings of fish ranged fL'om 3.16 tonnes to 12. lO tonnes
per boat per month.
The "mix" catches from the purse seiners of Pulau PCingkor
comprised mainly of ikan kembung (Rastrelliger spp) , ikan
selayang (Decapterus spp) and tuna (Euthynnus affinis and Auxis
spp) with lesser quantities of ikan tamban buluh (Dussumieria
hasselti) and ikan cincaru (Megalaspis cordyla).
3.1. 2 Moni torin.g and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial anchovy purse-seine boats.
Monitoring of t.he anchovy purse seines or pukat jerut bills
boats was centred only at Pulau Pangkor, Perak. The average
catch per boat per month ranged from 6.70 tonnes in February 1991
to 34.54 tonnes in October 1991. Fishing was best during the
third quarter of 1991.
Ikan bilis (Stolephorus) contributed up to 98.3% of the
total landings by the anchovy purse-seine boats. Other species
of fish caught included small ikan tamban (Sardinella) and ikan
kembung (Rastrelliger). The percentage of these other fish in
the anchovy purse-seine catch reached 28.1% in January 1991.
Larger quantities of these other fish were caught during the last
2-3 months of the year and early the following year.
21
3.1. 3
The
Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species including tuna.
main species of fish selected were Rastrelliger
brachysoma, ~ kanagurta and the tuna Euthynnus affinis. However
due to the low catches of fish and the irregularity with which
the fish were landed, samples of only ~ brachysoma and ~ . kanagurta were obtained for certain months of the year only.
The ~ kanagurta was sampled from the fish purse-seine boats
operating with spotlights. The average size of this fish ranged
from l68mm to 221mm. The GSI for female fish dropped from 2.8%
in April to 0.4% in May and June but rose to 2.1% in August. For
the male fish the GSI also dropped from 3.3% in April to 0.2% in
May after which the GSI again rose to 2.1% in August 1991. This
suggests that the spawning season of ~ kanagurta was during the
May to June period.
In the case of ~ brachysoma, samples were more consistently
obtained from the Zone B trawlers as compared with ~ brachysoma
from the fish purse-seine boats. The average size of
~ brachysoma from the purse seine ranged from 180mm to 197mm.
The GSI for female fish increased from 3.1% in March to reach
5.4% in May but dropped to 0.6% in August to rise again to 5.8%
in November. For the male fish a similar trend in the GSI was
observed.
The average size of ~ brachysoma caught by the trawlers
ranged from 160mm to 193mm. The GSI for both female and male
22
fish dipped in April but rose again after that. Insufficient
samples during the second half of the year did not allow further
comparison to be made with the results from the fish caught by
the purse-seine boats.
The decrease in the GSI seen in the purse seine catch
suggested that the spawning season of ~ brachysoma could be In
August but for the fish in the trawl catch the spawning season
could be in April. No definite conclusions can be made because
the nature of the fish stock(s) is unknown. However both the
fishing gears could be exploiting the same stock, thus it is
possible that one spawning season occurred in April and the next
in August.
Further analyses of the length frequency data will be
undertaken to determine the basic biological parameters for ~
brachysoma.
3.1.4 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial 2-boat Danish seines based in Kuala Kurau, Perak.
The average landing per unit of kenka per trip ranged . from
56.5 kg/trip/unit to 203.2 kg/trip/unit. ~he highest landings
were observed in July 1991. Generally it was observed that
higher landings were recorded during neap tides.
There does not appear to be a very large difference in the
composition of the catches during spring and neap tides. In both
these cases, "trash" accounted for up to approximately 50% of the
23
total catch. "Trashll used in this context refers to the landings
that are not marketed commercially, but are sold as feed for fish
culture operations or for poultry, These include small
individuals of commercial fish species, the genuine trash fish
species and others. In the kenka fishery. landings other than
prawns are considered as "trash". More genuine trash fish
·species were caught during spring tides.
In the commercial portion of the kenka catch, more
Metapenaeus affinis were caught during spring tides. During neap
tides, more Metapenaeus lysianassa were caught. Two species
caught during both spring and neap tides were Par~neopsis
hardwickii and Solenocera subnuda.
The major species of fish caught were Johnius aneus, ~ ~ina
and Cynoalo§sus. Other fish species included PelloDa. The
mantid shrimp were landed too in the "trash" component. Three
species were identified. These were Harpiosguilla raphidae,
Oratosguilla inornata and ~ nepa. 'rhese mantid shrimps ,.,ere
sorted from the "trash", peeled and sold frozen. Small
cephalopods were also landed in small quantities.
The average size of ~ affinis landed monthly ranged from
60-95 mm for the females and 65-90 mm for the males, while that
of ~ hardwickii were 65-75 mm and 50-55 mm for the females and
males respectively. In the case of ~ lysianassa, the average
size ranged from 60-80 mm for the females and 50-60 mm for the
males. The females were generally larger than the males.
Further analyses will be done to determine the Loa and K values
24
for Metapenaeus affinis, parapeneopsis hardwickii and Metapenaeus
lysianassa. These results will be presented later in other
technical reports.
3.1. 5 Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
A demersal fish resource survey on the east coast of
Peninsular Malaysia was conducted with the research vessel
K.K."MERSUJI" from 7/7/91 to 3/9/91. A total of 62 successful
hauls were completed during the survey. The average catch rate
obtained was 69.9 kg/hr of which 50.5 kg (72%) were commercial
fish and the balance of 19.4 kg (28%) being trash fish. The
average catch rate obtained is comparable to those obtained
during similar surveys conducted with the same research vessel
in the same area in 1988 and 1990 which provided an average catch
rate of 72 kg/hr and 71.6 kg/hr respectively. '1'his indicates
that the density of the demersal fish stock in the area had
remained quite stable during the period between 1988-1990.
The waters off East Johor appeared to be the most productive
during the survey, where the overall catch rate was 311.1 kg/hr.
However, this was due to an extremely high catch obtained at one
of the stations in the area where 712 kg were recorded. The
waters off Terengganu generally provided higher catch rates
during the survey.
The squids were the dominant species caught, contributing
about 12% to the total catch. They were followed by the mullids
25
and the priacanthids'which contributed about 7% to the total
catch. The nemipterids, synodontids, lutjanids and rays
contributed around 4%-6% to the total catch. The other species
individually contributed less than 4% to the total catch.
3.1. 6 Monitoring and analysis of landings of carpet clams (P~phia undulata) at sungai Batu, Kedah.
The monitoring of catches of the carpet clams at Sungai
Batu, Kedah was not carried out as no licences for the collection
of the clams were issued during the year. Monitoring will be
carried next year when the licences for 1992 are issued.
3.1. 7 Prawn resource study in the coastal waters of the west coast of peninsular Malaysia.
A prawn resource survey with K.K."PELALING" was conducted in
the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak from 17.10.91 to 28.10.91. A
total of 13 successful hauls were carried out during the cruise.
The overall catch rate of penaeid prawns was 2.64 kg/hr. The
catch rates of the penaeid prawns appeared to decrease with
depth. The average catch of the prawns decreased from 4.52 kg/hr
in waters less than 10 m in depth to only 0.01 kg/hr in waters
greater than 30 m in depth. Five prawn species appeared to
decrease in abundance with increase in the depth of water; These
were Penaeus mergujensis, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapeneopsis
sculptilis, Parapeneopsis hardwickii, and Parapeneopsis
hungerfordi. On the other hand, Metapenaeus brevicornis and
Metapenaeus ensis appeared to increase in abundance with increase
26
in the depth of the water. ~ brevicornis was also caught at all
depths.
The dominant penaeid prawn species caught were
~ hardwickii, ~ 9c~J~tilis, ~ affinis, M. brevicornis, and
~ hungerfordi.
3.1.8 studies on the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak.
Two fishing gears were used to sample the estuarine waters
and tributaries at Kuala Sepetang monthly for the juveniles and
subadults of Penaeus merguiensis to monitor their abundance
through the year. The fishing gears used were a push net
operated with mechanized boat (pukat surung) to sample for
juveniles in the waters of the tributaries and a bag net to
sample for emigrant subadults at the estuary of the Sepetang
~iver.
Analysis of the preliminary data obtained indicated that
there appears to be no significant difference in abundance of
~ merguiensis emigrants between the different months of the
year. There is also no significant differences in the catches of
the prawn between flood and ebb tide as well as between full moon
and new moon periods of the month. However, these observations
are preliminary and additional data over a longer period is
required for more comprehensive analyses.
The analysis of the catch data obtained by the pukat surung
27
indicated that there were two peaks of juvenile abundance in the
study area during the year. The first peak occurred in May while
the second peak was from the middle of October to the beginning
of November. The catch of E merguiensis juveniles by the pukat
surung was generally much higher during the night.
3.1.9 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial trawl boats.
The commercial trawl boats based in Hutan Melintang and
Pulau Pangkor, Perak and Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang were monitored
monthly during the year. The boats monitored at Rutan Melintang
were Zone C1 and C2 fish trawlers, while those at Pulau Pangkor
were Zone B fish trawlers. The boats that were monitored at Batu
Maung were Zone B fish and prawn trawlers.
(a) Prawn Trawlers
These Zone B trawlers, based at Batu Maung, Penang usually
fish at night, bringing back their catch the next morning. The
monthly average catch rate of these prawn trawlers ranged from
182 kg/trip/boat to about 387 kg/trip/boat. The overall average
catch rate obtained by these trawlers was 282kg/trip/boat. The
commercial component of the catch was 145kg (51%), while the
trash fish contributed 137kg (49%) to the total catch. The bulk
of the commercial component of the catch was demersal fish,
contributing about 61% towards the commercial component of the
catches. Prawns contributed averagely around 19% towards the
commercial component of the catches. Morithly average catch rates
28
of prawns ranged from 8 kg/trip/boat to 32 kg/trip/boat.
The main demersal fish species caught were Nemipterus
japonicus, Pennahia macrophthalmus, and Pennahia ~acrocephalus,
while the dominant prawn species were Metapenaeus ensis, Penaeus
semisulcatus and Metapeneopsis~. The dominant pelagic fish
species landed was 'Rastrelliger brachysoma.
(b) Fish Trawlers.
Zone C Boats
The catches of Zone C trawlers were monitored only at Hutan
Melintang,Perak. Two categories of Zone C trawlers were
monitored namely Zone Cl trawlers (40 - 69.9 GRT) and Zone C2
trawlers (>70 GRT) between February and December. The overall
average rate of Zone Cl trawlers (8540 kg/trip/boat) was slightly
higher than that obtained by the Zone C2 trawlers
(8230 kg/trip/boat). The monthly average catch rate obtained by
the former category ranged from 863 kg/trip/boat to
15971 kg/trip/boat, while the latter c?tegory averaged between
863 kg/trip/boat and 15147 kg/trip/boat. The Zone C1 boats
averaged 6-7 days per trip, while the Zone C2 trawlers usually
averaged 8-10 days per trip. Commercial fish contributed to
about 43%-49% of the total catch of these trawlers.
Demersal fish .contributed to the bulk (63%-73%) of the total
commercial fish catch of both categories of trawlers. The
dominant species caught were Priacanthus macrocanthus, Nemipterus
29
delagoae, Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida undosguamis. The
dominant pelagic fish species landed by these trawlers included
Rastrelliger kanagurta, Rastrelliger brachysoma, Megalaspis
cordyla and Decapterus maruadsi. However, pelagic fish only
accounted for about 11%-21% of the commercial fish catch of the
Zone C trawlers.
The bulk of the trash fish catch consisted of juveniles of
commercial fish species. They ~ade up about 80-85% of the trash
fish catch of the Zone C trawlers. These were predominantly
juveniles of Saurida undosguamis, Trichiurus haumela, Siganus
oramin, Upeneus sulphureus, Priacanthus macracanthus and
Platycephalus~. The dominant true trash fish species were
Leiognathus elongatus, Leiognathus bindus,
Zone B Boats
Zone B fish trawlers were monitored at 2 major'fish landing
centres namely Pulau Pangkor, Perak and Batu Maung, Penang.
These boats usually only made daily fishing trips. The overall
average catch per trip recorded for the boats from Pulau Pangkor
(472 kg/trip/boat) was slightly lower than those of Batu Maung
(496 kg/trip/boat). The monthly average catch per trip per boat
at Pulau Pangkor ranged from 269 kg to 1035 kg, while those based
at Batu Maung obtained between 213 kg and 953 kg per trip per
boat. It was also observed that the average catch of trash fish
by the Pulau Pangkor boats was higher than those boats based at
30
Batu Maung. Trash fish contributed to about 50% of the total
catch of the trawlers from Pulau Pangkor compared to around 41%
observed for those boats at Batu Maung.
More pelagic fish were landed by the trawlers from Batu
Maung.
of the
Pelagic fish contributed to about 44% of the total catch
Batu Maung fish trawlers. However, the fish trawlers
based 1n Pulau Pangkor landed more demersal fish than pelagic
fish (45%). Rastrelliger brachysoma was the dominant pelagic
species landed by the Pulau Pangkor and Batu Maung boats. In
addition, significant quantities of Pampus argenteus and
Megalaspis cordylq were also landed by the boats from Batu Maung.
The dominant demersal fish species caught by the trawlers
from both landing centres were Pennahia macrophthalmus, and
Pennahia macrocephalus.
Squids and cuttlefish also constitute an important component
of the total catch of these trawlers from both areas. The bulk
of the squid catch consists of Loligo ~.
Juveniles of commercial fish species formed the bulk of the
trash fish catch of the trawlers from both areas. They
contributed to about 78% and 85% of the trash fish catch obtained
by the trawlers from Pulau Pangkor and Batu Maung respectively.
The dominant species encountered were Pellona~, Trichiurus
haumela, opisthopterus tardoore, Sardinella fimbriata and Alepes
kalla. The true trash fish species commonly found were
Leiognathus bindus, Leiognathus elongatus and lagocephalids.
31
3.1.10 Biological studies on selected demersal fish species.
Length frequency distributions of 7 main species of demersal
fish landed by the trawlers at Rutan Melintang and Batu Maung
were sampled monthly. The data obtained were analysed with
ICLARM's ELEFAN Programme to determine the Loo and K values for
the various species. The species studied at Rutan Melintang were
Nemipterus japonicus, Nemipterus delagoae, Saurida tumbil,
saurida undosguamis and Priacanthus macracanthus, while those at
Batu Maung weie Pennahia macrophthalmus, Pennahia macrocephalus,
Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida tumbil. The results
were as follows:
Hutan Melintang LoO(cm)
Ne_mipteru§. japonicus 39
Nemipterus delagoae 56
Saurida tumbil 42
Saurida undosguamis 35
Priacanthus macracanthus 29
Batu Maung
Pennahia macrophthalmus 33
Pennahia macrocephalus 30
Nemipterus japonicus 30
Saurida tumbil 45
32
obtained
K (yr- 1 )
0.20
0.23
0.40
0.30
0.60
0.50
0.30
0.58
0.30
The K values obtained for 'most of the spec'ies however,
appears to be quite low, except for Priacanthus macracanthus,
Pennahia macrophthalmus and Nemipterus japonicus (from Batu
Maung). The data therefore need to be further analyzed.
3.1.11 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of pa~isade traps (kelongs) in Johor.
The species and size composition, and the weight of the
catches of the kelongs operated off Mersing and southeast of
Johor Baru were monitored from April to october 1991 and from
April 1991 to December 1991 respectively.
The results indicated that the catches obtained by the
kelongs were low compared to the catches by other traditional
fishing gears like drift nets. Pelagic fish species were caught
in greater quantities than demersal fish species. The dominant
species caught by the kelongs operating off Mersing were
Dussumieria hasselti, Stolephorus §QP and Sardinella fimbriata
during spring tides, and ~ hasselti, ~ fimbriata, Stolephorus
~, and Selaroides leptolepis during neap tides. The dominant
species caught by the kelongs operating off Johor Baru however,
were different. The species were Leiognathus and
~ sardinella during spring tides, while during neap tides the
dominant species caught were ~ fimbriata, ~ hassel.ti,
Trichiurus haumela and Leiognathus §QP. The 'average size of
fish caught by the kelongs were small, thus they were of low
commercial value. The bulk of the of the catches landed by the
33
kelongs of Johor Baru were used as feed for the fish cultured in
cages. The majority of the kelongs off Mersing are being used as
guest houses for tourists. The operators of the kelongs off
Johor Baru are also involved in cage and pond fish cultures.
3.1.12 Electrophoretic studies on the taxonomy of prawns, fish and squids.
Renovations to aircondition a small laboratory area was only
completed at the end of the year. Assistance and cooperation
were sought from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang
during the year to train the staff in the use of electrophoretic
protein separation techniques for the analyses of fish and prawn
tissues. The studies will be continued in 1992.
3.1.13 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of sotong arus (sepioteuthis lessonia.na) portable traps.
The portable traps were found to be very effective in
~atching Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Each trap was sometimes
capable of trapping up to 27 squids in a day's operation. The
low investment costs and high catches provide the operators with
good incomes.
However, the squids were also found to lay and attach their
eggs to the traps. These eggs were usually thrown back into the
34
sea by the fishermen after retrieving their traps from the sea.
As the eggs probably sink to the sea bottom, it is possible that
eggs covered by bottom sediment will not hatch. This will affect
the recruitment of the squids in the next season. Experiments
carried out showed that the eggs can hatch if they are allowed to
incubate in floating cages. For effective management of the
fishery, the eggs must be allowed to hatch in order to ensure the
recruitment of the squid can be sustained.
3.1.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl net.
The trials were conducted from February to June 1991. The
net was designed for use by fishing boats of 70 GRT and above in
offshore waters. The results of the trials indicated that the
average catch rate of the pair trawl net was only about 1.5 times
J_j..... _.1._ _ ...... _- of a single otter trawl net. Thus the efficiency of the
pair trawl net is lower than 2 single otter trawl nets. The
manoeuverability of the pair trawl net was· also poor as the
distance between the 2 boats is great which makes it difficult to
change course while trawling.
The operation of the pair trawl net in offshore waters is
more difficult and dangerous, especially during rough weather.
The cost for the modification of the existing fishing vessels is
also high. In addition, the breakdown of anyone vessel will
affect the fishing activities the fishing unit. Hence, the pair
trawl as tested out in the fishing trials is considered not
suitable for local t~awlers.
35
3.1.. 15 comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-s.;.a.m.. 4-saam and 6-·seam t:rawl nets.
'l'!:1e comparative studies with the nets could not be
underte_kep dJ}ring -c.he ypar due to the unavailability of a
suitable vessel to operate the fishing gears. However, all th~
nets have been constructed during the year. The studies at sea
with the nets will be conducted in 1992.
3.1.16 Trials with crab traps in the waters of selangor.
The trials were conducted in NOVE!mber/December wi't:h the
cooperation of the fishermen in Bagan Lallang, Selangor. 'l'he aim
of the trial was to determine the suitability of' a foldaole crab
trap in catchina PQXt,!JHUS pgl_~qjGtt~ in Selanqor waters. However {
only 1 fishermen operated the traps during the trials. Th,:>.
averzge catch rate obtained was about 124.2 kg/trap/immersion.
3 .1.17Comparati ve stUdy between the catches with pralft'n trawl net and 2-boat Danish seine net in the coastal waters off Kuala Kurau, Perak.
'I'he study was conducted with a prawn travll n~~t with
K. K. "PELALING" in the 'vaters off Kuala Kurau where the 2--boat
Danish seiners operate. The results indicated that the 2-boat
Danish seines were more efficient and selective. 'rhe average
catch rate of a 2-boat Danish seines fishing unit was 58.2 kg/hr
while that of the prawn trawl net was only 37.4 kg/hr. However,
36
this is to be expected as the size of 2-boat Danish seine net is
much larger than the size of the prawn trawl net used in the
study. The 2-boat Danish seine net was also more selective for
prawns. About 67% of the catch obtained by the 2-boat Danish
seine net was prawns, while the prawns contributed around 37%
towards the catch by the prawn trawl net. Additional trials are
being conducted to verify the above observations.
3.1.18 Monitoring and analysis of fishing trials conducted jointly with the Extension and Education Division of the Department of Fisheries Malaysia.
Trials with 2 fishing gears were conducted during the year
by' the Extension and Education Division of the Department of
Fisheries, Malaysia in cooperation with local fishermen. These
gears were Spiny ~0bster traps (Bubu ud~ng karang) and Red
Snapper set gill nets (Pukat ikan merah). The trials indicated
that the above fishing gears were still not efficient enough to
catch the target species.
3.1.19 trawlers.
study on the design of trawl nets used by offshore
This study was conducted at Batu Maung, Pulau pinang; Hutan
Melintang, Perak; and Kuantan, Pahang. The designs of the trawl
nets used by the large offshore trawlers (70 GRT and above) based
in the above fish landing centres were noted and their efficiency
and performance were calculated.
37
It was observed that the nets used by the trawlers based in
all the above-mentioned landing centres were 2-seam "Balloon"
trawl nets. The trawl nets used by the trawlers based in Batu
Maung and Kuantan are suitable for use at an optimum trawling
speed of 3.0 knots. However the nets used by the trawlers that
are based in Hutan Melintang can be towed at a speed of only
2.5 knots.
The otter-boards used by the trawlers at all the centres
were observed to be smaller than the optimum/appropriate size.
This will result in a reduction of the mouth opening of the net.
However, the design of the nets will provide higher opening at
the mouth of the nets more suited for catching small pelagics.
The disadvantage of the design i.s that the nets will not be
performing at their optimum efficiency.
(b) Aquaculture (Mariculture) Research
3.1. 20 Oyster transplantation and culture
The oyster project carried out with the assistance of the
Bay of Bengal Programme for Fisheries Development (BOBP) made
further progress during the year. Several more coastal villagers
in Batu Lintang, Kedah and in Manjung, Perak have taken to oyster
farming with the technical assistance provided, including the
setting up of a practical, ultraviolet light depuration system at
the farmer's premises. Following market promotion of depurated
38
oysters carried out in the expositions held in conjunction with
the Science and Technology WeeJc, Farmers/Fishennen I s Day both at
state and National levels, there is now a ready market for the
local oysters produced by the farmers.
Of several species of oysters in Malaysia. 2 species viz.
Crassostrea belcheri (found mainly on the west coast) and
iredalei (found so far only on the east coast) are now considered
most suitable for culture, in view of their good growth and
survival, meat quality and market price (approx. $l.OO/piece).
Transplantation of h Jredalei has been successfully carried out.
to a few localities in the west coast, with some spat of this
species already observed in Kg. Telok in Perak and Batu Lintang
in Kedah.
O:llnt.ersp~tfal1 -occurrence was fr.und +".0 bE' r4?l..at<:>d·.:to.. t:-id:::,-l
cycles and salinity fluctuations. The use
tyres as cultch for spat collection and also
grow-out trays helped to reduced the costs
collection and grow-out by up to 70%.
of old motorcycle
for making into
involved in spat
Work also began on the artificial propagation of oysters in
the research hatchery in view of the growing demand for spat
oysters arising from the success of the oyster culture projects,
and the inadequate supply of wild spats. Ripe oysters were
successfully induced to spawn using Serotonin injection but
spawning induction through thermal shock was found to be more
suitable to obtain better quality and more larvae per spawning.
39
The rearing of the fertilised eggs to eyed larvae (for a
period of about 18 days) in the hatchery has been well
established. Mass cultures of selected micro-algae (Chlorella
virginica, Tetrasclmis chuiL Chaetaceros calcitTans, Isochrysis
galbana) were carried out for use in oyster larviculture.
Carbon dioxide was added to the existing air supply system into
the algal culture tanks, to boost algal production and cell
density.
Further work is in progress to develop a suitable method for
transplanting hatchery-produced eyed larvae or seed oysters for
transplantation to culture sites.
The studies were mainly directed at selecting new sites for
transplantation and culture, with the participation of
fisherfolk, with the aim of increasing the area under cockle
culture outside the areas already used by commercial culturists.
Actual transplantations of seed cockles were carried out at
various test sites in Johore, Kedah, Penang, Pahang, Labuan and
Sarawak.
Seed cockles transplanted to experimental ~ites in Sungai
Suluh and Sg. Suluh Kechil in Johore encountered heavy losses due
to predation by gastropods (Murex & Natica).
40
Marketable-size cockles were harvested from the
transplantation carried out at Selat Bagan Nyior, Langkawi,
Kedah. However the harvest produced was relatively small, due
again largely to predation but also poor management.
Transplantations carried out in Penang was more successful
at Sungai Semilang than at Pulau Aman. One plot of 6 hectares at
Sg. Semilang gave a satisfactory harvest of about 3,300 sacks of
cockles while only 209 sacks were obtained from a Pulau Aman plot
of about 9 hectares which encountered heavy predation from
starfish and sea urchins.
Reseeding of cockles at a site in Lekir, Perak was adversely
affected by infringement by trawler boats into the culture area.
l>.sthc ~~~c - of th'c
natural spatfall areas of the cockle, attention needs to be given
towards proper conservation of the affected area.
Transplantation of seed'cockles carried out at Telok Malong,
Pekan, Pahang in May 1991 so far shown encouraging results and is
expected to produce a harvest in 1992.
Seed cockles transplanted to both Labuan and Sarawak
exhibited very slow growth and low survival rates indicating that
the sites selected were unsuitable for cockle culture.
41
3.1.22 Mussel transplantation and culture
Transplantations and culture trials of seed mussels at
different parts of the country were generally successful although
some difficulties were encountered in obtaining seed supply and
in marketing the harvested mussels.
Trial mussel cultures carried out in Kedah showed that the
Pulau Singa site was not suitable for mussel culture due to its
high salinity (33 ppt) , while the sites at Temoyong and Selat
Lubok Chempedak showed good potential.
Mussels transplanted to Penang showed very good growth and
survival. At Gertak Sanggul, from about 500 ropes of seed
mussels, a harvest of about 2 tons has been obtained from 200
ropes ha~vested so faT. remaining30G~~opes-have -st---i-ll
been harvested because of the low price offered ($0.70/kilogram)
to the farmer.
Transplantations carried out in other areas including in
Perak, Selangor, Kelantan and Pahang also generally yielded very
satisfactory results except in Kg. Penor, Pahang where heavy
rainfall drastically reduced the salinity at the trial culture
site during the monsoon. Remarkable success from mussel
transplantation is best shown by the culture trial completed in
Sg. Jarum Mas, Perak where 18.6 tonnes of mussels were produced -
fetching a return of $12,067 - from 600 strings of seed mussels
transplanted.
42
Seed collection trials were carried out in Sg. Muar, Sg.
Rekoh and Masai, Johor and Teluk Mas and Sebatu, Melaka.
Encouraging results were obtained from all these areas especially
from S9. ]'vIuar wheL"€ an ilve::::-ug€ of 20 kg/string of spat
3.0mm) were obtained.
(0.5-
3.1.23 Fish health and disease
Water quality and fish health monitoring at a Lates
cage culture installation showed that the bacterial plate-counts
from waters in the cages to be higher than the counts outside the
cages. Bacteria isolated from the water included Aeromonas,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, ~ alginolyticus~ Edwardsiella and
Pseudomonas. Vibrio was the most common pathogen isolated from
the tissues (kidney, liver and lesion) of diseased fish.
Cases of fish/prawn mortality in culture installations were
investigated in Batu Maung, Balik Pulau and Kepala Batas in Pulau
Pinang. In Batu Maung it was found that the fish were infected by
Pseudomonas and Vibrio bacteria. In Balik Pulau the fish
mortality was likely due to Vibrio infection. In Kepala Batas
the fish mortality was found to be due to poor water management.
The most common pathogen isolated from diseased fish was
found to be Vibrio although Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were also
isolated. Fungal and protozoan infection (white spot due to
Cryptocaryon irritans) were also found. In almost all cases, it
43
is likely that disease and mortality could be prevented or
considerably reduced through better cuJ.ture management practices.
The research staff also carried out the examination of live
fish/aquatic organisms and fish-keeping premises and the issuance
of Health certificates required for the export of live fish and
aquatic plants to some countries.
3.1.24 Seaweed Culture
Experimental culture of P9~Y~9yer~Q§'Q on the pond bottom was
not successful as the seaweed disintegrated due to the acid
sulphate condition of the ponds used. However those grmvn on
plastic nets suspended above the pond-bottom achieved a final
between 2.5% to 4.0% a day_
Hydrogen peroxide was used as a bleaching agent in the
processing of Polycavernosa. It 'vas found that the qu.ality of
the agar obtained was not affected.
3.1.25 Offshore Cage Culture.
Based on a joint design proposed by the Department of
Fisheries Malaysia, University of Technology Malaysia and a
private company, the first local prototype offshore cage was
built at a cost of $169,000.00. The structure was scheduled to
be put into operation off Pulau Tiloi in Langkawi in early 1992.
44
In the meantime, two types of offshore cage-farming systems
manufactured in Europe have been selected to be imported for
culture operations in Pulau Langkawi and in Pulau Rhu,
rrc~engganu .
The aim is to determine the appropriate cage system suitable
for offshore seafarming in Malaysia, so as to extend the areas
for coastal aquaculture and also to overcome the problem of fish
mortality in cage-culture installations set up in inshore waters
caused by environmental fluctuations or pollution.
(c) Aquatic Ecology and Pollution Research
3.~.26 study on Artificial Reefs
studies on artificial reefs in Pulau Lembu, Kedah showed
that less fish aggregated in the PVC reef when compared to the
reef made from PVC and concrete. 90% of the surface of the
concrete were covered with oysters but only about 30% of the
surface of the PVC were thus covered.
Monitoring of artificial reefs at Pulau Payar showed that
several species of corals were attached to the surface of the
tyre reefs. Among the species were Monti2ora sp., Porites sp.
and posillopora sp. The number of oysters on concrete reefs was
more than on tyre reefs. Fish found in the tyre and concrete
reefs included several species of serranids, lutjanids and
scolopsids.
45
A survey to determine sites suitable for building
artificial reefs was carried out in the wat·ers off Kelantan and
Terengganu. The criteria used included the nature of the sea
bottom and the hydrographic condition of the area. Altogether 4
sites were found suitable.
3.1. 27 study on the Marine Parks/Coral Reef Ecosystem
Studies on sedimentation including the speed and direction
of the water current in the Pulau Redang Marine Parks were
carried out. Also conducted were an inventory of the various
flora and fauna in the area, and water quality monitoring.
A survey at Pulau Layang-Layang was also carried out. It
was found that coral mortality especially on the inner lagoon was
high. The cause of mortallty COUld ne due 'Co reclamation 'which'
was carried out at the lagoon.
3.1. 28 study on the Seagrass Ecosystem
This project was carried out to determine the extent and
species of seagrass found in Malaysia, and also the the species
of fish larvae found in the seagrass areas. So far, 8 species of
seagrass have been identified while the species and size of fish
larvae found in the seagrass areas are still, being determined.
3.1.29 study on The Mangrove Ecosystem
This project is carried out to determine the abundance of
46
fish larvae especially of the rock cod, Epineph~lus sp. in a
selected Mangrove area. Several sites were visited and the
mangrove area in Kuala Sepetang, Perak, ~as identified to be a
suitable area for the study to be conducted.-
3.1. 30 Shellfish Depuration and Bacteriological studies
A total of 8 depuration runs were carried out in 1991: 5 for
cockles and 3 for oysters. A study to determine the nocturnal
filtration rate of cockles was also carried out. Three samples
of cockles from Jelutong, Kuala Selangor and Kuala Juru and 2
samples of oysters from Thailand and New Zealand were analysed
for coliforms.
Preliminary studies using artificial seawater for the
'depurat.i0n of- c0ckles-gave ~nco~rag~ng ras~lts.- depuration
system seemed to work quite well with oysters but further
research has to be done to determine flow-rate, stocking density
and the number of hours required for the depuration process.
Samples of oysters from Telaga Nenas, Perak; Batu Lintang, Kedah;
Surat Thani, Thailand and New Zealand were tested. The levels
observed were all above the international safety standard of 2.3
MPN faecal coliforms/g.
3.1.31 Monitoring of heavy metals
The heavy metals analysed included zinc, copper, cadmium,
lead, arsenic and mercury. Analyses of oysters taken from
47
Kampung Teluk·and Telaga Nenas, Perak showed that levels for zinc
ranged from 29.5 - 55.7 ppm and for copper from 3.86 - 7.84 ppm.
Analyses for lead and arsenic have to be repeated as results for
standard reference material (bovine liver from the National
Bureau of.Standards U.S.A.) were not satisfactory.
Mussels from Sg. Melayu, Johore were found to have a
slightly higher concentration for all the metal~ analysed. The
values were Zn: 27.8 ppm, Cu: 5.88 ppm. Mussels from Kg. Pasir
Putih had a low heavy metal concentration even though this area
is located near the industrial zone. The values for Zn were 8.7
ppm, Cu l.7 ppm and Pb 0.l8 ppm. The low contamination of
mussels in Kg. Pasir Putih could be due to the fact that the net
current flow which may carry discharge from the industrial area
in Pasir Putih is away from the culture site. The Sg. Melayu
area receives discharges from the township of Johor Bahru and
thus mussels there could have higher levels of heavy metals.
However, the heavy metal levels in mussels from both these places
were within the safe limits for consumption.
3.1.32 Analyses of pesticides in fish and shellfish
Twenty eight samples of fish and shellfish from various
places throughout Malaysia were collected and analysed.
included shrimps, mussels and oysters. Two samples of
analysed were imported from Thailand and New Zealand.
Samples
oysters
All 28
samples showed contamination levels of organochlorine and PCB
residues below the maximum permissible limits of the Swedish
Codex.
48
3.1. 33 Toxicity screening
Toxicity screening was carried out on the insecticide
Cymbush, which was found to be illegally used for poisoning fish
in Slim River, Perak. '2'he result from this study was used as
expert evidence in the Magistrate's Court in Slim River.
3.1. 34 Water Quality Monitoring
A bioassay was carried out to determine t.he water quality at
Batu Maung harbour, Glugor and the Telok Tempoyak seafront. An
analy~is of variance test carried out on the data showed that the
water quality at the different sites was not signific<"lntJ.y
different (P O. Ol) •
f.fonthly monitorinCj of the coastal water quality was carried
out in Pulau Langkawi, Pulau Pinang and Kuala Gula, Perak. The
physicochemical parameters tested were pH, salinity, tempera.ture,
dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen
and total suspended solids. Nitrate was another paramet.er looked
into recently.
In the Langkawi sites sampled, all the water quality
parameters did not show any signi.ficant deterioration. Telok
Burau which purportedly received sewage from a new hotel resort
did not show any significant faecal contamination at the site of
sewage outlet over the 4 months of monitoring. The highest
49
faecal coliform MPN/IOO ml count was 3.4 while the lowest was
<1.8. sungei Bagan Nyior, a cockle and cage culture site on
Pulau Tuba did not show any sign of contamination for all
parameters analysed. The Pulau singa site which used to support.
oyster rafts also showed no sign of contamination; and neither
did Klebang, which used to support a number
under the Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP).
of oyster rafts
The sampling station located in Telok Kumbar and Batu Maung,
Penang showed mild pollution with BOD ranging between 1.22 to
5.07 ppm and 3.29 to 6.52 ppm respectively.
The water qualitiy at Kuala Gula, Perak showed some
pollution and the possibility of violation of the 1974
Environmental Quality Act~. The BOD taken inune.diately downstream
at the point of discharge (main channel arising from the palm
oil factory) ranged between 1.73-66.40 ppm, and the latter figure
was above the standard of 50ppm. However, this high level was
taken at neap low tide during a heavy downpour. Tt is inferred
that during heavy rain, the oxidation ponds and canals could not
cope with the volume of water and overflowed the ponds/canals.
During such time the river will receive a high organic load that
might affect the fish-cages downstream. The 14 canals arising
from the oil palm estate could also be potential sources for
pesticides which could be flushed out during periods of heavy
rains.
50
3.2 National Prawn Fry Production ~ Research Centre, Kedah
3.2.1 Culture of live food organisms
Further progress was achieved in the mass culture of various
speci-=es of phytopJanktoD such C\S lsochrvsi ssp. f Cha~.:t9sero~
spp. , Tet:r'as.!;.l-m1,.§
controlled algal
sp. and .Skeletonema
rooms. 'rhe plankton
sp. in environmentally
could be obtained in
relatively pure form. As previous experience indicated t,hat
cultures in large concrete tanks (10 -15 ton) were frequently
subject to contamination, the culture outside the algal room is
limited 30- litre and 300-litre cylindrical tanks. Probably as a
result of the shorter culture period involved and that the tanks
are covered to reduce contamination, there has been considerable
improvement in the production of the algae to meet hatchery
requiremen'ts.
Live food culture has also been expanded to include the
culture of Chlorella and t.o some extent Nanochlori~ for the
subsequent culture of rotifers required in crab larviculture.
The pure culture of Chlorella has so far given the best
production of rotifers, giving a cell density of over 600
rotifers/ml in 8 days of culture.
The supply of Chlorella is however nearly always
inadequate. Attempts were therefore made to use sUbstitutes
such as the green water from shrimp/prawn hatchery/nursery tanks,
brewer's yeast, baker's yeast and Spirulina powder as culture
media for rotifers. So far the green water from nursery tanks of
51
marine shrimp proved to be the best sUbstitute for pure culture
of Chlorella" giving a rotifer density of up to 200/ml.
3.2.2 Maturation of the giant tiger shrimp (Penaeu~ ID9nQ90n)
Hatchery operations and development of hatchery technology
at the Centre depend on a regular supply of Penaeu~ i119BOdoQ
spawners which are very expensive if obtained in the gravid stage
from fishermen or from suppliers. As non-gravid female tiger
prawns are relatively .inexpensive and abundant, the Centre
obtains non-gravid broodstock for maturation in the hatchery,
although a small number of gravid females is also often purchased
after a major "breakcycle" to st:art oft the hatchery operation.
For the operation of the Centre, a total of 753 females
(including 81 gravid females that had spawned) were subjected to
u.:i1ilat.sral eye·ustalk Ciblatio.... U::SA}. Slightly ':Jvc.r 60 ~ of rhe
ablated females responded with 654 spawnings. The average
numbers of eggs and nauplii per spawner were 830,000 and 460,000
respectively. These figures compared favourably with the 654,000
eggs and 520,000 nauplii per spawner obtained for wild gravid
females. Close to 85% of the postlarvae of tiger shrimp produced
came from ESA. Quality of eggs, nauplii and postlarvae obtained
from ESA is comparable to that from gravid females collected from
the wild.
There is little difference in the quality of the spawners
obtained from different localities.
from the different parts of the
Terengganu waters.
52
Spawners have been sourced
Malacca straits and off
Some 100 pond grown spawners, with an average weight of 110
gm, were also subjected to ESA. Only 3 responded producing a
total of 847,600 e~gs and 282,000 nauplii. Further research 1S
hatchery broodstock.
3.2.3 Culture of pond grown broodstcck of giant tiger slu'imp
Pond culture of tiger shrimp was carried out in the Ban
Merbuk Substation. The initial rearing of the pond grown
brocdst~ock was rat.her similar to commercial culture operat.ion.
The stocking density was however kept low to encourage faster
'growth. l.tter 4 months of culture, the fast growers were.
selected and transferred to another pond for further culture.
The operation was repeated every 4 months unt.il the Shr-:lLUP
reached an average size of 110gm. They were then broug·Ilt:. to the
Centre at Kg Pulau Sayak for maturation studies.
The culture operation was expensive as th.e culture
duration is long. Also the maturation results obtained with the
pond-raised broodstock so far have been consistently poor. As
adult broodstock from the wild is readily available, production
of pond-raised broodstock is considered to be uneconomic.
3.2.4 Larviculture of marine shrimp
Shrimp larviculture was carried out using a system of 2-ton
fibreglass tanks and another system of larger (5- & lO-ton)
tanks made of concrete with fibreglass lining.
53
In the 2-ton tank system, a higher stocking density (100-150
naupliijL) was used. There was greater dependence for good
quality algae cultured 1n algal room as early larval feed. Though
various combinations of algae were eff~ctiv~. the tlSP of
Chaetoc~ro!:i alone proved to be adequate. Prophylactic treat:ment.
was routinely carried out and included the addition of Treflan
and ant.ibiotics on a regular basis. At.:tempts to operate the
hatchery without the use of antibiotics led to failure of
culture. An average of 60% survival was achieved with a
production of 74 PL2/3 per liter of tank space. Slightly ove:r
9.3 million PL were produced for the year. The work in the old
hatchery was confined to tiger shrimp or £~_ monodon only.
In the 5- & la-ton tank system, a slightly lower stocking
density !a~cund 80 ~~uplii!L) was used. ~here was a ~r~~tAr
dependence on formulated feeds as sUbstitutes for algae during'.
ti.mes of short supply. 'l'he use of better quality algae (from
300-liter tanks as compared to 15-ton tanks previously) and
better formulated feeds had contributed to the production of
better quality fry. A major achievement is, the non-usage of
antibiotics in the hatchery for shrimp larviculture throughout
the year. A survival rate of 52 % was achieved for the tiger
shrimp larviculture with a production of 43 PL3jL. A total of
48.9 million Penaeus monodon fry was produced.
Besides P.
also propagated.
monodon, the banana shrimp ~ merguiensis was
Generally the larviculture of the banana shrimp
54
was much simpler and there' were no major
encountered. Sur'.ri val rates Here much higher - close to 80%.
Over 42.6 million fry were produced.
Apart £roili the 5- and IO-ton tanks, larger tanks of 20-- and
4o-ton capacities were also tested for shrimp larviculture.
Preliminary results inidcated that these tanks produced
comparable results. The use of larger tanks cut down production
routine and was probably more cost effective.
The monthly production of marine shrimp for the year is
presented below:
Mont.h
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
Tiger shrimp
5,030,000
12,800,000
6,707,000
1,406,200
2,561,000
4,682,000
4,653,000
5,908,000
1,156,000
5,515,000
50,418,200
55
Banana Shrimp
4,190,000
1,120,000
17,430,000
2,700,000
4,587,000
7,232,000
3,320,000
5,080,000
10,580,000
2,995,000
1,077,000
60,311,000
Total
9,220,000
13,920,000
24,137,000
4,106,200
7,148,000
11,914,000
7,973,000
10,988,000
11,73~,000
8,510,000
1,077,000
110,729,200
:3.2.5 Larvicul ture of udang galah (!1acrobrachiu.n; KQ§~r.ht,?_~rgiiJ
Production of the freshwater prawn j~veniles was increased
to a new record of 13.8 million. Compared to the figure-of 8.1
million obtained during the previous year, the 1991 production
marked a major achievement. This was all the more remarkable in
V.le-",,· of the =.ack Dt pub.Lic.: fre~,hwat:er supply co \.:.he C,:::l'~Je.
of the cul turE.s were carried out using either rain or \vell vater
which was also not available in sufficient quantity.
Besides continuing the work on the recirculating (closed)
water system, which produced a total of 3.6 millicm juveniles
through 4 larviculture cycles, the static green water system vdth
increased stocking density was given special empha8is in an
attempt to conserve water usage. The larviculture cycles "',ere
carried out with practically no change of wab~r. S·tocking
densities up to 100 larvae fliter of water proved t:o be· viable
with survival rates of 80 percent achievable. Slightly over
10.2 million fry were obtained using the culture system. 'rhe
improvement of the Centre's own compounded larval -F -, .Leea ( SUTI¥J.AL)
contributed greatly towards the larviculture success.
The monthly production figures are given in the following
table.:
56
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
JLln
July
Aug
sept
oct
Nov
Dec
Total
Recirculating close water system
1,516,100
72,100
1,473,000
115,000
402,800
3,579,000
static green water system
1,751,200
490,000
1,801,000
4,094,600
876,000
1,251,800
10,264,600
Total
3,267,300
72,100
1,963,000
1,801,000
4,209,600
402,800
876,000
1,251,800
13,843,600
As a result of freshwater shortage, the ponds at the Centre
could not be used for the maturation of spawners collected from
the wild. All larviculture batches were based on captive
spawners from a commercial farm in Puchong. Larviculture was
apparently easier with these spawners than with wild spawners and
there was hardly any disease problem. The larviculture cycle was
shorter and the fry smaller. More studies however need to be
carried out to determine whether there is any real difference of
these captive spawners with wild spawners.
57
3.2.6 Crab Larviculture
Larviculture of the swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) and
the mud crab (Scylla serrata) was carried out in 1991 to examine
the feasibility of large scale production.
Addition of phytoplankton such as Chaetoceros together with
the rotifers for larval crab feeding increased the survival of
early zoeae. Though frozen Artemia nauplii were taken by the
crab larvae, the combination of rotifer with phytoplankton
provided the best diet. Frozen rotifer was also found to be
inferior. The addition of formulated feed for the early zoeae
did not seem to have any effect on survival or the growth of the
larvae. Stocking density of 20 to 30 larvae/liter appeared to
give best survival. The survival rates obtained were generally
low, and ranged from 0 to slightly over 30% for the swimming crab
and 0 to 20 % for the mud crab. Cannibalism is the major problem
yet to be solved. Although more than 1.5 million young crab
instars (mostly of Portunus pelagicus) were produced in 1991,
the larviculture technique needs to be further refined before
commercial-scale crab larviculture could be considered.
In the case of the mud crab, the lack of berried females was
a limiting factor in the larviculture experiments. Attempts on
induced spawning through the technique of eye-stalk ablation did
not give encouraging results. Though most crab showed signs of
gonadal development after the treatment, regression of gonad
occurred at a later stage.
58
3.1.7 Nursery management and fry distribution
For udang galah, as a result of freshwater shortage and the
fact that the juveniles do not really need a nursery phase before
stocking into the pond, most of the juveniles produced were sent
out as soon as possible after being acclimatized to freshwater.
Small numbers were held back for nursery studies whenever the
freshwater supply situation allowed. The nursery period
attempted ranged from 4 to 18 days and were carried out ln
concrete tanks. The usual routine involved regular change of
water, siphoning of settled wastes and feeding with formulated
feed and artemia. There appeared to be no definite trend over
survival with length of period nursed. Survival rates ranged
from a low 20% for a 6-day period to a maximum of 97 % over 10
days. For the longest nursery period of 18 days, a survival of
79 % was recorded. The initial quality of the fry seems to be
the most important factor determining survival during the nursery
phase.
For the marine shrimp, there was a need for nursing the
post larvae before they could be stocked into culture ponds. The
nursery practices included feeding with Artemia and formulated
feed, regular water exchange, and use of chemical such as Treflan
to prevent fungal infection, and formalin for moulting
difficulty. For the tiger shrimp, a nursery period of up to 15
days was acceptable, with slightly over 40% survival. For
periods of around 30 days, the survival often dropped to around
30%. There is hence a need to further imf' cG)ve the nursery
59
technology to reduce the final cost of production. For the
banana shrimp much higher survival could be obtained.
Nursery attempts for young crab ins tars were most
discouraging. survival dropped from a low 22 % for 16 days to
below 1 % for extended period. Based on results available so
far, it would appear best to release the young crab instars
either into ponds or open water as soon as possible.
The distribution of fry of the various species is presented
below:
Farmers (Purchased)
Farmers (Free)
Open water Release
Others
Total
Freshwater Prawn
51,000
272,000
8,438,600
3,327,300
12,088,900
Tiger Shrimp Banana Shrimp Crab
1,335,000 50,000
3,858,200
4,373,200 46,136,100 708,5
4,383,500 730,000 20,000
13,949,900 46,916,100 728,540 =========================================~===================
The total does not include the extra 20 % given during
packing. The extra fry were given for all purposes other than
open water stocking.
owing to the lack of staff, there was no concerted effort to
monitor result of the large scale release of prawn and crab fry
in the coastal waters. Encouraging feedbacks were however
received from fishermen and local Fisheries Assistants from
specific areas especially from the Larut and Matang District of
60
Perak. For the freshwater prawn fry released in Sungai Muda,
survey carried out indicated that all riverine fishermen
benefited through increased catches of the prawn. Most fishermen
claimed they could differentiate the wild stock from the released
prawn. The prawn released is believed to be of a different
strain or variety. As noted earlier, the spawners were obtained
from the culture ponds of a commercial farm.
3.1.8 Feed formulation
six new commercial shrimp larval feeds were tested against
live feeds and several commercial feeds. Results of larviculture
based on the newly formulated feeds were not consistent, and
varied consistently from run to run. The survival rates were
however always well below those achieved by the use of live food
organisms alone. The 6 feeds tested also did not fare well
against the established commercial brands already availabJe and
which have also been tested earlier by the Centre.
Among the better established commercial larval feeds, it was
observed that attempts to replace 80% of phytoplankton led to
lower survival of the shrimp larvae. In short live microalgae
are still needed for successful shrimp larviculture.
3.1.9 Pathology and water quality studies
The year 1991 saw the successful operation of the
larviculture system using larger (5- & 10-ton) tanks without the
use of antib; tics. It was significant that in terms of
61
percentage survival and number of PL obtained per liter of water,
there was little difference compared to results of the past
years. In the smaller (2-ton) tank larviculture system, where a
much higher stocking density was adopted, the use of antibiotics
was still required to ensure high yields on a consistent basis.
However the use of Chloramphenicol, a chemical banned for use in
animal husbandry in many countries, has been eliminated.
Bacterial infection caused by luminous bacteria, Vibrio sp.
resulted in serious mortality and failure of larviculture during
the month of March/April and also during August. The bacteria
were believed to have come in with the sea water supply. The use
of formalin at 5 - 15 ppm at early stage of infection, and
greater exchange of water, could to some extent control the
problem.
Besides the usual water treatment consisting of
sedimentation and filtration, the use of chlorination, at 5 ppm
of active chlorine overnight, was found to significantly reduce
the contamination problem often encountered in the mass culture
of algae.
3.1.10 Training Programme of the Centre
The training programme of the Centre ensures effective
transfer of technology to the private sector, either directly or
through the extension workers of relevant government agencies.
Altogether 9 formal training courses were offered in the area of
aquaculture. For interested parties with special interests which
62
could not be met by the scheduled courses offered, there 1S an
attachment programme, where the trainees could work in the
hatchery, under the close supervision of a senior officer.
The training courses offered and the number of participants
are listed below:
Courses offered
1. Brackishwater pond culture
2. Cage culture
3. Mussel culture
4. Marine shrimp hatchery operation
No of Session
7
4
4
4
5. Freshwater prawn hatchery operation 2
6. Oyster culture 2
7. Culture of natural food organisms 1
8. Introductory course to aquaculture 1
9. Fish Disease 2
10. Others/Attachment 4
Total
No of Trainees
108
77
47
21
7
24
2
12
26
79
403 ================================================================
One of the sessions on Brackishwater Pond Culture was held
specially for the extension workers of Fisheries Development
Authority, Malaysia, while under MTCP a Shrimp Hatchery Operation
course was reserved for participants from developing countries.
The Introductory Course on Aquaculture and the Fish Disease
Course were held exclusively for Fisheries Assistants of the
Department.
63
3.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Melaka
3.3.1 Breeding of Indigenous Fishes
Following upon the first success in the experimental
breeding of the Temoleh (Probarbus jullieni) at the Centre in
1990, further progress was achieved in 1991. More than 200,000
fertilized eggs were obtained and more than 1.300 fingerlings
were raised from which 300 were restocked into the Perak River.
This marked the first attempt to rehabilitate the stock of
temoleh which is considered an endangered species in Malaysia.
Carp pituitary extract (CPE) and human chorionic
gonadotropin (RCG) were used with partial ovulation of between 30
to 70%. The hatching rate varied from 20-30 to 60-70. The
highest percentage of success was achieved using 250 IU RCG/kg
plus 6 mg/kg CPE.
At the moment, there are about 100 pieces of temoleh
brood stock and further breeding success is expected to produce
more fingerlings for experimental pond culture or river ranching.
Female Kelah (Tor tambroides) broodstock did not reach
maturity in 1991 and although males were already milting, no
spawning attempts could be made. A total of 900 new stock of
sizes 15 - 20 cm were purchased from Kenyir Lake.
3.3.2 Breeding of Exotic Fishes
The project attempted to refine breeding techniques for
large-scale production of fish ft of the major Indian carps
64
(Catla and Rohu) and the Big Head Carp. Limited success was
achieved in the breeding of the Grass Carp, and about 10,000 fry
were produced and stocked at the Agriculture Park in Shah Alam,
Selangor.
3.3.3 Breeding of catfishes
Atttempts were made to crossbreed the African catfish,
Clarias gariepinus with local catfish. Cross breeding between
~. gariepinus and ~. macrocephalus and ~. batrachus were
conducted using HCG with dosages of 3.5 IUjg for exotic catfish
and 4.0 IUjg for local catfish. Reciprocal crosses were carried
out for both species. The results indicated that all crosses were
viable with higher percentage of success for the cross between ~.
gariepinus and ~. macrocephalus when compared to the cross
between ~. gariepinus and ~. batrachus. The percentage of
hatching for the first cross is between 40-60% whereas success
for the second cross is less than 20%. The poor hatching rate for
the second cross is due to the poor gonad quality of ~. batrachus
broodstock.
The hybrids of the cross between female ~. macrocephalus and
male ~. gariepinus resembled more of the ~. macrocephalus in
terms of morphology. Likewise the hybrid between the cross of
female ~. gariepinus and male ~. batrachus resembled more of the
~. gariepinus in terms of morphology. However, the first cross
has greater economic potential due to its close resemblance to
local catfish.
65
Research was also conducted on the induced breeding of Baung
(Mystus nemurus) using LH-RH by comparing the efficacy of one and
two injections. The results of induced breeding using either
single injection or two injections of LH-RH indicated that two
injections of LH-RH was more effective in causing ovulation. The
optimum dosage is 5 + 10 ug/g with time interval of 8 hours
resulted in 60% success. The percentage of hatching was also
better, between 40-50%. Efforts will be intensified to repeat
this experiment to determine the optimum dosage required to
produce high ovulation and hatching rate.
3.3.4 Genetics and Breeding of Tilapia
Research into the genetic selection of the Siamese strain of
the Red Tilapia was continued into 1991. Stocks of the Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis
aureus) were maintained at FFRC.
Growth selection was carried out to select individuals with
superior genes based on growth performance. The study was
performed in 7 fibreglass tanks. Selection pressures of between 3
to 10% were applied. Efforts to mass-produce 'super-growers'
scheduled for 1991 have to be abandoned due to insufficient
number of broodstocks.
Colour selection was continued to maintain a high percentage
of red colour tilapia fry. The percentage of red tilapia fry from
the fry-production ponds was about 99%. For the experimental
fibregl tanks, 100% red was maintained. The intensity of the
66
red colour was observed to have improved over the years. However,
redness needs to be quantified in terms of chromatophore density.
More data points for individuals of standard lengths between
170mm and 315mm have been obtained through sampling done on fish
for culture experiments under the pond-culture project. The table
will be used to select individuals with superior morphological
characteristics in the future. The following mathematical
relationships were found to be highly significant In estimating
the head length (h), body depth (d), and weight (w), with respect
to standard length (1):
h = d w
0.272 + 0.312 1 0.325 11.092 0.272 1 3 . 128
= 0.953) = 0.990)
0.997)
A total of 243,821 red Tilapia fry of the Siamese strain was
distributed to farmers, both for pond and cage culture, and to
universities, schools etc.
3.3.5 Breeding and Culture of Ornamental Fishes
Efforts were continued to collect as many ornamental fish
species as possible for breeding. Much effort was devoted to
developing the proper facilities to cater for the breeding of the
various species already collected which represent about 10
families of fish.
Breeding of Discus (symphisodon aeguifasciatus)
There are 4 varieties of Discus: brown, brilliant turquoise,
cobalt turquoise and hi-body high-fin. Of these, 2 pairs of
67
brilliant turquoise brooders spawned naturally in the tanks. The
'old water technique' at 27°C proved to have a possitive effect
on the ovulation. Each pair produced about 200-250 eggs with
percentage success of 50-60% and hatching rate of between 40-50%.
The incubation period is about 60-65 hours and the yolk-sac
became fully absorbed within 3 days. This fish shows great
parental care towards the youngs. Beginning from the fourth day
old when they started feeding, the hatchlings would adhere to the
parents body and apparently feeding on the body slime of the
parent until they are about 3-4 weeks old. After this, they were
fed with live feed such as Moina sp. but still in the parental
care of the parent.
culture trial of Golden Arowana (Sclerophages formosus)
The 19 Golden Arowana specimens kept at this Centre are now
about I-year old. They are now about 30-35 cm long. There is a
slight tinge of golden colouration which is slowly developing
indicative of the positive colour development of a Golden
Arowana.
culture trial of Kalui sabah (Osphronemus goramy)
stock of this species is maintained in the ponds as well as
in the tank. The growth rate appeared to be much better in the
ponds than in the tank. This is as expected as there is more
natural food in the pond to supplement the diet. The fish are now
about one year old and have attained between 20-25 cm in length.
culture trial of Lampam sungai (Puntius schwanenfeldii)
The stocks of this Puntius are now being reared in an 0.1
68
acre pond. They were fed with formulated diet containing 30%
crude protein and were also supplemented by giving Macrobrachium
lenchesterii, a commonly found dwarf freshwater prawns in the
ponds.
3.3.6 Pond culture of red Tilapia
The mixed culture of red tilapia in ponds utilizing siakap
(Lates calcarifer) to control over-crowding arising from the
natural breeding of the tilapia indicated that the siakap was
successful in consuming the recruiting young tilapia, resulting
in saving on the diet and increased yield from the siakap. The
survival of red tilapia was recorded at 79-82% with average
weight of between 365 to 390 g in two ponds. The survival of
siakap was also quite good, between 30.4-45% with size ranged
from 390 to 420 g. The feed conversion of 1.92 and 1.85 with the
siakap were far better when compared to normal mixed-sex culture
ponds without siakap with values of 2.4 and above based on
marketable fish only. But this is still higher than those of
mono-sex culture ponds which have FeR values of about 1.54 to
1.65 for all-male culture , and 1.6 to 1.76 in all-female
culture.
3.3.7 Pond culture of udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
The culture trial of udang galah in 1991 was interupted by
the water shortage which occurred in the beginning of the year.
However some experiments were ~ot affected especially the
nursing of prawn juveniles.
69
The use of a biological filter helped to improve the water
quality of the rearing water by increasing the content of
dissolved oxygen and reducing the content of toxic ammonia in the
water.
The nursing of prawn juveniles in nursery pond at a stocking
density of 33.9/m2 did not yield good survival. The survival rate
recorded was only 32%. Management system was at optimum in terms
of water quality anf feeding regime. However, the presence of
predators such as the snakehead, catfish, marbled goby, swamp
eel, monitor lizard and even birds accounted for the low survival
rate.
3.3.8 Culture of live-feed
Attempts to mass-culture organisms such as infusoria,
tubifex, Moina, rotifers and bloodworms
fertilizers (TMRL and NPK) were carried
using
out in
two types of
experimental
tanks. Encouraging results were obtained in the mass culture
using NPK as fertilizer.
Some success was also achieved in the culture of Daphnia
sp., a cladoceran brought back from Belgium. Culture media used
included green water and crushed soya bean meal. The growth
recorded was quite favourable. Efforts were being made to
determine the fecundity and the offsprings from one pair of
broodstock.
70
3.3.9 Fish Nutrition
Two experiments were conducted to determine the growth rate
of siakap and marbled goby in tanks in order to establish the
suitability of live feed for culture either in ponds or cages.
Siakap fingerlings were cultured in tanks and fed with live
udang gantung (Macrobrachium lancesterii). The results indicated
that the growth rate was highest when fed at a feeding rate of
15% body weight per day, and lowest when fed at 5% body weight.
However the presence of of some excess live prawns in the 15%
body weight fed tanks indicated that 15% is far too much for a
day's requirement. The optimal requirement would probably be in
the range of about 12%. The survival in all the tanks was 100%.
In the trial using udang gantung to feed marbled goby, it
was found that the growth rate of the marbled goby was extremely
slow even when fed ad libitllm.
3.3.10 Fish disease diagnosis and control
Research on fish disease was concentrated on the treatment
of metacercarial digene
examination of aquarium
quarantine programme.
in Colossoma fry,
fishes for possible
screening
diseases,
and
and
Copper sulphate was tested for controlling metacercarial
digene in Colossoma. The experiment was conducted in 0.004-ha
ponds with only one treatment using CuS04 at 0.05 ppm. One
hundred piece~ of the infected fry with average weight of 3-4 g
71
were introduced into each pond. Samples were examined monthly for
metacercarial digene on the gills and the weights were also
recorded. The results showed that cuS04 was effective in
controlling the spread of metacercarial digene in the pond, but
the growth rate was impeded particularly for the first month. The
mean weight of Colossoma in treated pond was 97.7g while that of
the control was 153g.
Only a few species of aquarium fish at the moment are having
disease problems, V1Z. Discus and Angel fish. Most of the
pathogenic organisms are parasites and bacteria which could be
treated and controlled.
The following are a number of diseases encountered which
were diagnosed and treated:
Fish species
Zibra deneo
Angel sp.
Discus sp.
symptoms/Disease
moribund - Epistylis
moribund with inflammation at caudal fin and scaling off - Monogene and fin rot
i) moribund and skin becoming darker
ii) moribund and white spot
iii) abnormal colouration of skin - Monogene
Drug/Dosage
Formalin (25 ppm)
Tetracycline (10 ppm) + Dipterex (0.25 ppm)
Formalin (15 ppm)
Malachite green (0.01 ppm)
Dipterex (0.25 ppm)
Quarantine measures were only taken on fishes prior to
distribution or on fishes introduced from outside into the
Centre.
72
Fish species Disease problems and condition
Hampala macrolepidota (Air Kuning, Bukit Cahaya)
~. idellus (grass carp) (FFRC)
£. schwanenfeldii (Aquarium fish)
£. gonionotus (FFRC)
Inflammation at basal fins (Epistylis)
Trichodina sp.
Epistylis and Argulus sp.
Trichodina/ Digene
3.3.11 study of impoundments/reservoirs
within the framework of the ASEAN-EC Aquaculture Development
and Coordination Programme (AADCP) Component 2, FFRC was given
the task of carrying out a comprehensive study of reservoirs in
Malaysia, with the view to fishery development and enhancement,
along with cage culture development.
A programme of regular studies which began in September
1990, was continued through 1991. Fish samplings and limnological
samplings were carried out monthly in two reservoirs, viz. Kenyir
and Semenyih. Sampling data were recorded and stored for future
analysis. Data for stock assesment was obtained by District
Fisheries Assistants.
From the fish sampling data collected so far, it indicated
that the major species in Kenyir are Puntius schwanenfeldii,
Hampala macrolepidota, Mystus nemurus, Chela anomalura,
73
Mystacoleucus marginatus, Labiobarbus
Cyclocheilichthys apogon. However, in semenyih,
(N· marginatus) is dominant.
fest iva and
only one species
The water quality parameters recorded so far still indicate
that both reservoirs are very oligotrophic. Measurements of
productivity have however not yet been carried out.
3.3.12 National Agriculture park, Shah Alam
studies on the 4 impoundments at the Park (Taman Pertanian
Negara) in Shah Alam were continued in 1991. The studies include
water quality, fish fry release and cage culture trial.
Water samples were collected and analysed on a monthly
basis. The values obtained were not significantly different
among all the four stations. Only alkalinity, conductivity and
Secchi
between
disc
the
readings showed significant
four stations sampled.
different (P< 0.05)
By comparison, Danau
Perikanan is clearly more productive than the other 3 water
bodies, based on the alkalinity value (31.32 mg/l) which was much
higher than in the other 3 impoundments. Water transparency,
measured by the Secchi disc reading in the Danau was found to be
the lowest among the 3 impoundments. The pH values of the 4
impoundments has shown a positive trend towards neutrality. The
ammonia levels, although increased, are still within safe levels
for fish life.
The results of the cage culture conducted ln Empangan Sg.
8aru showed that the growth ra ~ for most of the fishes cultured
74
in the cages was quite encouraging. This is particularly so for
Colossoma and ~. gariepinus which recorded a growth rate of more
than 4 g a day. Pellets were fed to the cultured fish. The FCR
values observed however were quite high, as not all the pellets
could be eaten by fish kept in floating cages.
A total of 68,305 fish fry were released into three
impoundments viz. Danau, Sg. Baru and in the cages. A total of
19,938 were released into the Danau, 41,963 into Sg. Baru, and
6,404 into the cages. The species released are Colossoma sp., Red
Tilapia, Labeo rohita, £. sutchi, ~. calcarifer, ~. hoevenii,
silver carp, grass carp, ~. gariepinus, hybrid catfish and £.
jullienii (Temoleh). The fish released were monitored through
periodic sampling using gill nets.
3.3.13 water Quality
From analyses of water samples from the Melaka river taken
at nine stations along the river, it was found that the upper
part of the river - from Kuala Sg. Putat up to the MARDEC factory
showed high levels for ammonia and low levels for dissolved
oxygen, indicating that effluents from these locations are the
sources of organic pollution.
It was observed that the water quality at the Batu Berendam
water intake point did not change very much for parameters such
as ammonia and iron content. Water quality in the Centre's
ponds was generally suitable for fish/prawn culture throughout
the year.
75
3.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johore
3.4.1 Pond culture of Penaeus monodon and ~. merguiensis
Twenty experimental culture batches (10 each on the tiger
prawn and the banana prawn) were planned but only 5
culture batches (4 for tiger prawn and 1 for banana prawn) were
successfully carried out during 1991.
Between 873 to 1065kg/O.25 ha of tiger prawns were produced
from 2 trials using ponds with sandy substratum compared with 530
to 946kg/O.25 ha in ponds with a muddy substratum.
The 6 extensive culture trials conducted on the tiger
prawn (3 with extensive feed developed by the Centre and 3 with
only natural food in the ponds) with a stocking density of 5/M2
and using 0.5 ha to 1 ha ponds could not be satisfactorily
carried out because the supply of extensive feeds could not be
supplied in sufficient quantity by the registered supplier.
Despite the irregular supply of feed some results were obtained
and the harvests obtained range from 5 to 219 kg/ ha.
Eight semi-intensive culture trials on the banana prawn were
carried out In 0.25 ha ponds using GP-5 and also a commercial
feed. In the first trial the feed produced by the Centre yielded
between 37 kg/0.25 ha to 51 kg/0.25 ha (mean 44kg/0.25 ha) and a
survival rate between 12 and 18% (mean 14.5%) for a culture
period of between 80 to 81 days while the commercial feed
returned a reasonably higher yield of between 71kg/0.25 ha and
155 kg/0.25 ha (mean 113 kg/0.25) for a culture period of
76
between 92 to 97 days. However, the second trial using GP-5 could
not be carried out because the supplier could not supply the feed
on time and the trial had to be aborted.
One of the 2 culture trials on the banana prawn carried
out in 0.5 ha ponds and using a stocking density of 20/M2 and
using the formulated feed for the banana prawn produced by the
Centre, returned a far better yield of 360 kg/0.5 ha of banana
prawn for a culture period of 103 days. The higher survival rate
obtained in the culture of the banana prawn could be due to the
improved feed produced by the Centre and also on the better
quality postlarvae obtained from a private hatchery in Johor
instead of from PPPBUK.
Field trials on the culture of the tiger prawn
conducted with private farmers showed significantly higher yield
(between 880 kg to 1131 kg/0.3ha per cycle of 90-100 days) when
the combination of pumping and tidal system of pond management
was used as against 530kg to 670kg/0.3ha over the same period of
culture using the tidal system. The feed conversion ratio (FCR)
was 1.6 for the combination of pumping and tidal system as
against 1.8-2.0 for the tidal system. Survival rate for the tidal
system was between 48.2% to 62.5% where as in the case of pumping
and tidal exchange it was between 82.8-89.9%. Generally, the
production figure was generally higher for cultures where the
stocking density per metre square was 20/M2 .
77
3.4.2 Nursery of the giant seaperch (Lates calcarifer) and the culture of the red tilapia (Oreochromis sp).
In the nursery culture of the giant seaperch using raceways,
some improvements in the survival rate were observed. From the 5
trials conducted the survival rates obtained ranged from 8.9% to
82.5% and the mean was 33%. Some 14,422 fry of 5-7cm were
produced and they were distributed to fish culturists in Gelang
Patah. Generally, higher survival rates were obtained when
stocking densities of between 2500-3000 fry/raceway were used.
This is in agreement with better management as well as better
water quality in the raceways. Further trials with higher
stocking densities (5000-6000 fry/raceway of 1 tonne holding
capacity) would be carried out during 1992.
Culture trials on the red tilapia in brackishwater ponds
with the aim of improving production and reducing cost were
launched towards the end of 1991 using a stocking density of
10/M2 . Results at hand showed that growth was quite encouraging.
Salinity tolerance of the African Catfish (Clarias
gariepinus) was successfully conducted in aquarium tanks. Results
showed that this catfish could not tolerate salinity of more
than 10 ppt and thus is not suitable for culture in the Centre.
3.4.3 Feed formulation Unit
Tests conducted in aquarium tanks to determine the protein
requirements of the banana prawn using pure diet with different
protein levels (%) over a period of 4 weeks showed that a diet
78
with a protein level of 40% gave the highest increase in weight
compared with diets of lower or higher protein levels.
Feed trials conducted to verify the role of the green alga
(Enteromorpha sp.) on the growth of the banana prawn in aquarium
tanks showed that the increase in weight was more apparent when
the prawns were given a diet of formulated feed (Chuen Seng) plus
the green alga. Prawns which were only given the formulated diet
or only the green alga gave poorer results.
The formulated feed produced by the Centre was found to be
suitable for the banana prawn and this was verified in one of the
two grow-out trials conducted on the banana prawn. Some 360
kg/O.S ha were produced and a survival rate of 38.2% was
obtained. However, the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) obtained was
4.73. More grow-out trials will be carried out to verify the
effectiveness of the formulated feed produced by the Centre for
the banana prawn.
Preliminary results from tests carried out in aquarium tanks
showed that the feeding rate of the banana prawn was highest
(4.3%) when the body weight of the prawn was 2.0 gm. Feeding
rate appears to decline with increasing body weight. Further
tests will be conducted to confirm the above observation.
3.4.4 Pond Management unit.
This unit carried out the pond operations and management of
the fish and prawn exp~rimental cultures.
79
3.4.5 Pond and River Chemistry unit.
Generally, no serious water quality problems were detected
in the ponds. In both the Sg. Gelang Patah and Sg. Pulai rivers
also no serious pollution was detected during the year.
3.4.6 Engineering and Transfer of Technology unit.
Results of studies conducted on pond designs at Kg.
Gelang Patah further confirmed that the combination of
and tidal system of culture was far superior compared
Ladang,
pumping
to the
tidal system. The combination of pumping and tidal system could
produce tiger prawns between 880-1131kgjO.3ha as against 530 kg
to 670 kgjO.3ha in the tidal system. The FeR for the combination
of pumping and tidal was 1.6 as against 1.8-2.0 for the tidal
system.
Grow-out trials conducted on the tiger prawn on sandy
bottomed ponds and muddy bottomed ponds (0.25 ha) using a
stocking density of 201M2 showed that the former could produce on
an average 31% higher yield than the muddy bottomed ponds. The
most obvious difference observed was that the prawns cultured in
sandy bottomed pond were cleaner and brighter. The growth rate of
prawns cultured in muddy bottomed ponds was however better during
the early part of the culture and this is believed to be due to
the natural food found in such ponds.
80
3.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre. Terenqqanu
Marine Fish Assessment Programme
3.5.1 squid migration in Terengganu waters
Of a total of 141 Loligo duvaucelli tagged in May 1991 at
Pulau Perhentian, Pulau Kapas and Rantau Abang, only 2 were
recaptured. Initial observations showed that the squid were
active after being tagged with the plastic tags. This project
will be continued in 1992 because of the insufficient number of
squids tagged IN 1991.
3.5.2 Design and modification of fishing gear
A study on a pu~se seine with 2 cod ends was conducted from
May till October 1991 with the cooperation of local fishermen.
The study had to be stopped in October 1991 with the onset of the
monsoon. Preliminary observations showed that it was feasible to
use this gear.
3.5.3 Landings and composition of demersal fish
The implementation of this project was postponed to 1992
owing to a shortaqe of staff.
3.5.4 Payaos for recreation at pulau Redang
Four units of pontoons with 3 different types of luring
materials i.e. plastic strips, coconut leaves and leaves of the
"gelang" tree were launched in September 1991. Aggregation of
81
pelagic fish was faster around the coconut leaves.· The main
species aggregated were ikan cincaru, ikan tamban and ikan
tenggiri. Some demersal fish like ikan merah were seen around
these payaos.
3.5.5 Recreational fish resources
A few species of fish were identified as suitable for sports
fishing. These included the black marlin (Makaira indica), blue
marlin (~ mazara) and the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)
which are caught by hook and line fishermen of Terengganu.
3.5.6 Pelagic fish landings
The landings of small tuna by trollers at Pulau Kambing in
1991 decreased as compared to the landings in 1990. The landings
recorded were 26.1 tonnes and 20.1 tonnes in 1990 and 1991
respectively. This decrease in landings could be due to
fishermen switching to using purse seines. Competition from deep
sea purse seines could also cause the decline in the landings of
the trollers.
Fisheries Oceanography programme
3.5.7 Analysis of imageries in remote sensing
A proposal was made to purchase the equipment for the
processing of imageries. A few imageries from NOAA were
processed at the National Remote Sensing Centre (MACRES), Kuala
Lumpur to study sea surface temperature in the South China Sea
and its correlation with fish distribution and abundance.
82
Resource Development Programme
3.5.8 Building of a prototype reef for squids
Three prototype designs viz. Tukun Ketupat, Tukun Torak and
Tukun Cumit were built in 1991. These will be launched in 1992
in the waters of Jambu Bongkok. The site selected is about 12m
deep and is a spawning area for squids.
3.5.9 Assessment of reef fish resources
At the concrete reef monitored at Kuala Ibai, preliminary
observations showed that local fishermen using hooks and lines
caught more ikan kunyit (Lutjanus sp.) in the morning while more
ikan kekacang (Sphyraena sp.) were caught in the evening.
At the PVC reef at Pulau Perhentian, ikan kerisi (Nemioterus
sp.) was the dominant species caught. It was also observed that
this reef was effective in attracting fish since there was an
increase in the number of fish species around the PVC reef.
Resource Conservation programme
3.5.10 Migration of the leatherback turtle
In 1991, 2 units of PTT were ordered from TOYOCOM, Japan
after the units bought from DSIR, New Zealand did not perform as
expected. This project was reviewed and it was found necessary
that the behaviour of the turtle harnessed with the PTT should be
observed before it was released. A cage 10m long by 10m wide by
15m deep was built and on 2 September 1991, a leathery back
83
turtle was caught and put into the cage." Since the PTT had not
arrived on time, observations were made on the behaviour of the
turtle kept in captivity. Observations showed that the design of
the cage was not suitable and the turtle swam only at the water
surface but did not dive. This was because of stress, so the
turtle was released.
An attempt was made to design a suitable harness for the
turtle. The project will be continued in 1992 but the use of the
PTT will still be limited to depths <200m since the present PTT
cannot withstand the pressure at depths >200m.
3.5.11 Turtle tagging
The leatherback turtles were tagged using titanium tags from
AUstralia for the second consecutive year in 1991. In 1991, 31
turtles were tagged as compared to only 28 in 1990. In 1991 too,
turtles from Sura and Paka in Dungun District, outside the
sanctuary at Rantau Abang, were tagged for the first time.
From the above tagging experiments, it was seen that
leathery turtles nested 1 - 8 times in a season at Rantau Abang.
At Sura the turtle nested 1 - 5 times while at Paka 2 4
nestings were observed. This gave an average number of nestings
at 3.8, 2.4 and 2.7 times respectively at Rantau Abang, Sura and
Paka.
The inter-nesting period ranged from 8 - 29 days for the
turtles that nested at Rantau Abang, but the majority of them
showed an inter-nesting period of 9 - 10 days. At Sura and Paka
the inter-nesting period ranged from 8 - 11 days.
84
Out of a total of 31 turtles tagged at Rantau Abang, 25 (or
80.6%) returned. At Sura 3 out of 5 (or 60%) that were tagged
returned, while at Paka 2 out of 3 that were tagged (or 66.7%)
returned. It can be seen that a high percentage of tagged
leathery backs tagged at Rantau Abang returned. In 1966 it was
reported that 60.2% of the leathery backs that were tagged
returned.
No conclusions could yet be made as to when tagged turtles
would return for the next nesting season. However it was
hypothesised that tagged leathery turtles would return after 2
years. If this was correct, then the turtles tagged in 1990 will
be expected to return in 1992.
It was also observed that the tagged leathery turtles
returned to the same nesting site. Those tagged at Rantau Abang
returned to nest at Rantau Abang but not at Sura or Paka.
3.5.12 Rearing of young leatherback turtles
This project was continued from 1990. Of the 18 leatherback
hatchlings from 1990, 5 survived. By the end of 1991, an average
weight of 16kg was reported. The turtles grew from 6cm to 55.8cm
total carapace length.
It was also observed that the growth slowed down towards the
end of 1991. This was attributed to the poor quality of water
for rearing. This had stressed the turtles and caused anorexia
and asphyxia that weakened them. Some abnormal tissue growth was
85
also observed on them. The turtles had to be given antibiotics·
and vitamins.
Thirteen hatchlings from 1991 that were nursed at Rantau
Abang started dying at 45 days and by 74 days all had died. The
post mortem that was performed showed that these turtles died
from dehydration, focal necrosis and septicaemia. The possible
root cause of this was the poor quality of water for rearing.
From the above experiments it can be said that although
rearing leatherback turtles in captivity is difficult, some of
the difficulties have been overcome. The important factors that
need to be taken into consideration are food, food quality and
how the food is given; size, type and design of tanks for
rearing; water quality for rearing and treatment of disorders and
nursing.
3.5.13 Monitoring of turtle population
The total number of turtle landings in Peninsular Malaysia
shows a declining trend. In Terengganu the green turtle,
Chelonia mydas, has however shown an increase. In 1990, 1,161
landings were recorded while in 1991, 5,311 landings were
reported. The reasons for this increase are still not known.
Resource Ecology Programme
3.5.14 Monitoring of the sedimentation process at Pulau Redang
A study to monitor the process of sedimentation in 5
locations in Pul Pinang and Pulau Redang began in 1991. This
86
was done with a view to study the possible change ln the coral
and algal communities caused by sedimentation.
3.5.15 Monitoring sedimentation using radioactive substances
This study was conducted to show the effects of
sedimentation as a result of development on Pulau Redang.
PUSPATI was consulted and as an initial step, the direction of
flow of the water and current at the Redang estuary was studied.
with this, the point for the introduction of radioactive gold,
which has a half-life of 5 days, was determined.
Special Programme
3.5.16 ADB reef project - PVC reef at Pulau Perhentian
One hundred PVC reef modules were built in March 1991 and
after 4 months, 100% coverage was observed. The main organisms
seen were barnacles and pteria penguin. 6 months after the
launching, soft corals (Dendronephthya), covered 10% of the area
and 25 species of fish were identified around this reef. The
dominant species of fish was Lutjanus lutjanus.
3.5.17 ADB reef project - Recreational reef at Pulau Tioman
This project was started in November 1991.
measuring 1m were built for launching in 1992.
72 cuboid units
3.5.18 ADB reef project - spiny lobster reef at Pulau Redang
The building of these reefs was completed in October 1991.
Three designs which were based on the natural habitat of spiny
lobsters around Pulau Redang were used. These reefs will be
launched in 1992.
87
3.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak
3.6.1 Demersal Fish Survey In The 12-30 Nautical Miles waters off Sarawak
The survey period was from the 5 April to 20 May 1991 and
the whole study consisted of 3 sea trips. The first trip was
from the 5 to 9 April, the second trip lasted from 25 to 30 April
while the final trip was from 16 to 20 May. This was the first
survey of this area since 1983. K. K. Manchong was deployed for
this survey and a newly designed trawl net fitted with the
"rubber disc ground rope" was used successfully. The total catch
was noted for each haul and sorted into trash fish and
commercial fish. The species caught were identified and length
and weight frequencies of the main species were taken.
The total catch rate ranged from 21.93 kgjhr to 465.85
kg/hr. Generally the catch rate was higher in the northern region
of Sarawak waters. Trash fish composition of the total
catch/haul ranged from about 1% to 75% and the average for the
whole survey was 43%. The main species caught included
nemipterids, sciaenids and carangids. It was also found that the
untrawlable grounds were good fishing grounds for handlines.
Much of the grounds were undulating and had corals strewn.
3.6.2 Experimental Fishing survey for Tuna Around Pulau LayangLayang Using Troll Lines and Fish Aggregating Devices
This survey was carried out using K.K. Manchong from the 10
20 July 1991 in the waters off Pulau Layang-Layang;
specifically in the vicinity of North Luconia Shoals, Louisa Reef
88
and Swallow Reef. Twenty-five Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)
were set up by a commercial fishing vessel from Labuan about 4
years ago. This vessel was fitted with sonar and echo sounders
which were used to detect the fish that had aggregated around the
FADs. Troll lines were then operated around the FADs to sample
the species of tuna. The tuna caught were measured and weighed.
The stomach contents and the gonads were examined.
The search for the 25 FADs proved rather futile as none
could be located. However one FAD, believed to be owned by
foreigners, was found not far from Pulau Layang-Layang. In the
trolling operation a catch rate of 3.2 kg/hr/troll line was
obtained. Three tails of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)
weighing an average of 0.53 kg/tail were caught. The stomach
contents revealed that 50% consisted of Sguilla mantis, 20% were
small fish, 20% were small prawns and the rest consisted of 10%
of other organisms.
The most common tuna caught around the FADs was the
yellowfin, Thunnus albacares. It was also observed that FADs
would be lost if not maintained and repaired.
In the lagoon, a group of divers and scientists carried out
a systematic inventory of the coral reefs identifying the
species, the type of coral fishes and the extent of damage due to
the excavation of the lagoon for the construction of an airstrip.
Not less than 17 species of corals were identified and the most
abundant was Acropora followed by Milleoora, Favia, Stylopora,
Porites and Galexia. The density of corals at the reefs was
89
estimated to be up to 40%. Of this about 45% were dead corals.
Among the most common coral fish found around Pulau Layang-Layang
were Lineolatus~, Acanthopagnus berda, Epinephelus arcolatus,
Pomacanthus imperator, Apagon nagripinnus, Anchus cornutus,
Abudefduf bengalensis, Chaetodon adieagastor and Lo vulpences.
3.6.3 Demersal Fish survey In The 12-30 Nautical Miles waters Off The west Coast of Sabah
The survey period was from the 7 to 21 September and the
survey area was between the Saracen Bank in the south and Emerald
Shoals in the north. The seabed here is relatively flat with a
mixture of sandy to soft coral bottom and the sea depth ranges
from 60-150 metres. The area to be sampled covered an estimated
950 sq km. The su~~ey duration was 15 days where 30 trawling
hauls were expected to be carried out. Each haul was of I-hour
duration. The catch was sorted out into commercial and trash
fish. These were weighed and composition of the catch was
determined. The gonads of Pristipomoides typus, Lutjanus johni
and Lutjanus malabaricus were examined. Due to unfavourable
weather conditions (wind speed between 15-25 knots with 2-3
metres swells) the study could not be completed.
The overall catch rate was estimated at 360 kg/hr (trash 179
kg/hr and commercial 181 kg/hr). The highest catch rate was 781
kg/hr and the lowest was 43.7 kg/hr. The mean catch ratio of
commercial to trash fish was estimated at 2 to 1 or 67% of total
90
catch consisted of commercial fish. The 10 most dominant species
of commercial fish found in this area were:-
Species
1. Oecapterus spp 2. Nemipterus spp 3. Ariomma spp 4. Saurida spp 5. Lutjanus spp 6. Priacanthus spp 7. Cuttlefish + squid 8. Pristipomoides 9. Sharks & Rays 10. Catfishes
1 of total catch
25.20 15.58 12.55 9.64 6.94 6.85 6.15 4.72 3.06 1. 78
The minimum and maximum catch rates for trash fish were 13
kg/hr and 576 kg/hr respectively. Juveniles of commercially
important fishes were categorized as trash fish.
The five most dominant species of trash fish found during
the survey off the west coast of Sabah were:-
Species ! of total catch
1. Pentaprion spp 59.08 2. Upeneus spp 11. 35 3. Nemipterus spp 7.02 4. Monacanthus spp 6.96 5. Oecapterus spp 3.18
The catch rates obtained in this survey were not comparable
to the catch rates obtained from the survey conducted off the
west coast of Sabah in 1972 by Mohd. Shaari (1976) who reported
catch rates ranging between 450-550 kg/hr. However, the 1972
survey was carried out in the water between 10-60 meters deep
whereas this present survey was in the area of 60-150 meters
deep.
91
3.6.4 The study of Tuna Landings and Tuna Biology in Mukah, Sarawak
This study was a continuation of a similar project conducted
in this area from previous year. The study was based on fish
lengthg frequency data collected from drift-netters and troll
line operators in Mukah. Fishing intensity was observed to be
linked to the dark phase of the moon and sampling was carried out
during this period. The catches were sorted by species and size.
The fork length was measured and the weight was taken for all
individual fish landed. The stomach contents were analysed.
The length frequency data were processed and analysed using the
PC-based Compleat ELEFAN programme.
There are four species of neretic tuna landed in Mukah
namely: frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), kawakawa (Euthvnnus
affinis), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and longtail tuna
(Thunnus tonggol). There was a high frequency of fish in the
27 to 36 cm length range caught by both gears. The length
frequency data set for Euthynnus affinis caught by troll lines
were adjusted to obtain the probabilities of capture. The length
at first capture was calculated at 25.69 cm; while the biological
relative yield per recruit isopleths for Euthynnus affinis show
that at the current size of entry to the fishery and with the
same effort level, the fishery is under-exploited.
This study showed that the kawakawa in Sarawak waters were
caught in their immature stage. If this situation is allowed to
persist it could lead to a reduction of the stock. The tuna
92
fishing grounds in Sarawak are probably the recruitment or
nursery areas of the fish. The relative yield per recruit
model for Euthynnus affinis suggested that the effort can be
increased
indicated
exploited.
to obtain better catch. The preliminary results also
that the tuna fishery in Sarawak is still under
3.6.5 The Survey of Prawn Resources in the Kuching Bay, Sarawak
Kuching Bay, the body of water from Tg. Datuk to Tg. Sirik,
is rich in prawn resources and in fact is the main fishing ground
for the prawn fishery in Sarawak. This study was carried out
using the prawn trawler K.K.Malong and the monitoring survey was
carried out every month for the whole of 1991.
The results ir.dicated that the catch rate of prawns
increased from about 2.0 kgjhr in November to about 6.3 kgjhr in
January and reached more than 7 kgjhr in February. For the rest
of the months, the catch rate ranged from about 1.4 kgjhr in
March and April to as low as 0.3 kgjhr for the months of June to
September.
The analysis of the data collected from this study also
showed that the prawn resource in the Kuching Bay is highly
exploited. Any increase in effort would be unlikely to increase
yield, either in monetary value or in biological terms, while any
increase in effort will reduce economic returns.
93
3.6.6 Monitoring of the Eggs and Larvae of Tenualosa toli (terubok) in the Estuary of Batang Lupar, Sarawak
Batang Lupar Estuary, being the prime area for the terubok
fishery was chosen for this project. Monthly field trips during
the terubok season were carried and during these trips, a
specially constructed plankton net was used to collect the eggs
and larvae. These eggs and larvae were sent to the Laboratory in
Bintawa, Sarawak and hatchery at Tanjong Demong, Terengganu for
hatching, rearing and further investigations. Plankton samples
from the site where these eggs were found were forwarded to Batu
Berendam, Melaka for identification.
For the first time during six of the eight survey trips the
eggs and larvae were found, identified and collected for further
studies. Under the crude conditions in the field, most of the
eggs hatched while some of the larvae sent to the hatchery in
Peninsular Malaysia did not survive.
Two major findings from this study were:-
(i) the identification of the spawning grounds and the ability
to collect the eggs and larvae for hatching and further
investigations.
(ii) the months when the eggs and larvae were present in the
estuary~ Some eggs and larvae were found during the month when
terubok were not plentiful in the fishing ground. The results of
the plankton sample analysis have not been received yet from Batu
Berendam.
94
3.6.7 Culture of Green Mussels (Perna veridis) on Ropes Attached to Floating Rafts in Salak, Sarawak
The experimental transplantation of the green mussel (Perna
viridis) from Johor to Sarawak was again carried out. Two
hundred ropes of ten feet long of spats were airlifted to
Sarawak. Upon arrival the ropes were cut into two equal halves
and hung on the raft in the estuary of Salak River. The growth
rate was monitored every month and thinning was carried out. The
results showed that the mussels attained marketable size after
about eight months of culture. The growth rate was very
encouraging during the dry months but it slowed down markedly
during the wet monsoon months. After the monsoon period the meat
content of these mussels tended to be relatively less. The
mussels were generally thinner during the wet months. This could
be due to the lowering of water salinity affecting the
physiological activities of the organism. The heavy silt load at
that time could also adversely affect the feeding mechanism.
During the monsoon the mussels also tended to drop off from the
ropes.
3.6.8 The Construction and Extension of Artificial Reefs using Discarded Rubber Tyres
This activity was taken away from the Centre and placed with
the Management and Protection Branch of the Department. The
officers and the funds are now directly controlled by the state
Director of Fisheries, Sarawak.
95
3.7 Marine Fish Fry Production & Research Centre, Tg. Demong, Terengganu
3.7.1 Marine Finfish Broodstock Maturation
Broodstocks of the giant sea perch (Lates calcarifer),
grouper (Epinephelus sp.) and snapper (Lutjanus sp.) were
maintained in floating net-cages in the Kuala setiu lagoon and
also in hatchery concrete tanks. The numbers of brood stock fish
totalled 700 Lates, 500 Epinephelus and 292 Lutjanus. These were
quite sufficient to provide the spawnings in the hatchery for
larviculture. However, some 181 broodstock fish were found
missing in a recent check. The loss was probably caused by
poaching as staff was not available to provide continuous
surveillance of the broodstock.
3.7.2 Lates Fry Production
More than 41 million Lates fry were produced in 1991.
Although this production was considered satisfactory, a higher
production could have been achieved if the problems of fish
disease, inadequate supply of rotifers for larval feeding and
shortage of nursery tanks were overcome. More trained staff
would be required besides the new hatchery facilities which are
nearly completion, in order to increase the fry production at the
Centre.
Five Training Courses in the field of Lates fry production
were conducted during the year for the target group.
96
3.7.3 Grouper Fry Production
Between January and March, 80 million grouper eggs were
produced with fertilization rates averaging 50 %. From April
onwards, however, no more spawning of the grouper was observed.
Although progress has been made in the cultivation of the small
size rotifer for grouper larviculture, problems still remain in
the mass culture of grouper fry.
The service rendered by the JICA expert in marine finfish
breeding (Mr. Masanori Doi) played an important role in the
success achieved so far. with the end of his term of service in
April 1991, it is hoped that JICA would provide a suitable
replacement in the near future.
The completion of the additional facilities at the Centre
expected in 1992 would also require many additional staff in
order to develop the technology for marine finfish fry production
and to produce more seedstock for supply to farmers and for
restocking of coastal waters.
97
4. MAINTENANCE AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS
4.1 K.K. MERSUJI (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin)
K.K. MERSUJI was deployed to carry out a demersal fish
resource survey off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during
the course of the year. The vessel was also used to conduct sea
grass and artificial reef studies. The MERSUJI also took part
with another vessel in the pair trawling trials carried out In
the offshore waters in the straits of Malacca. The vessel also
participated in the LIMA '91 display in Pulau Langkawi.
4.2 K.K. PELALING (Abu Talib b. Ahmad/Alias b. Man)
K.K. PELALING was docked at the Limbongan Perikanan,
Pelabuhan Kelang for repair and maintenance slipping from January
until June 1991. However the vessel encountered propeller and
turbocharger problems after she returned from the slipway. As a
result, the vessel could only be deployed to conduct a prawn
resource survey in the waters off Pantai Remis, Perak on the west
coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the year.
4.3 K.K. KERAPU I (Ramli Saad)
Maintenance and activities undertaken on/by the vessel
included:-
11.01.91 01.02.91: Annual maintenance at Limbongan Asia
Slipway Engineering at Kuala Kedah, Kedah.
28.03.91 - 12.04.91: Installation of generator at Limbongan
Alor Lancar Slipway, Seberang Prai , Pulau Pinang.
98
06.05.91 10.05.91 : setting up of fish-cages at Selat
Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah.
4.4 K.K. JENAHAK (Razak Latun)
The research vessel K.K. JENAHAK was deployed for field work
for a total of 63 days. The shortage of crew is still a problem
and has affected the smooth implementation of projects. The
following trips were carried out for the year 1991:
25.03.91 - 28.03.91
01.04.91 - 06.04.91
30.04.91 - 02.05.91
06.05.91 - 10.05.91
23.05.91 - 26.05.91
29.07.91 - 02.08.91
24.08.91 - 26.08.91
25.10.91 - 23.10.91
21.10.91 - 23.10.91
25.11.91 - 28.11.91
09.12.91 - 13.12.91
23.12.91 - 31.12.91
Malacca straits - pair trawling.
Malacca straits - pair trawling.
Penang - pair trawling.
Penang - pair trawling.
Pulau Singa - coral reef project.
Pulau Payar - aritificial reef project.
Accompanied K.K. PELALING, which went out of order, from Lumut to Penang.
Pulau Payar - artificial reef project.
Pulau Payar - artificial reef project.
Pulau Aman/Pulau Kendi - artificial reef project.
Pulau Payar - marine park project.
Port Dickson - seagrass project.
4.5 K.K. SENANGIN (~aja Mohd. Noordin b. Raja Omar)
K.K. SENANGIN was deployed in the implementation of various
projects, including the following:
99
- the Artificial Reef -Programme in Pulau Perhentian . (60 days);
- Marine Park Research in Pulau Redang (6 days);
- Turtle Behaviour study in Jambu Bongkok (4 days);
Recreational Payaos in Pulau Redang (4 days);
- National Artificial Reef Programme in Pulau Kapas (3 days);
Squid Tagging project in Pulau Kapas (3 days),
Reef Assessment Study in Kuala Ibai (2 days) and
- Squid Trap Study in Kuala Terengganu Estuary (1 day).
The vessel was also used by researchers from the USM (4
days), the State Fisheries staff (3 days), and ILPM trainees (4
days). The total number of sea time spent by this vessel was 94
days.
On 24 October 1991, the vessel was sent to the dock at
Limbongan Sejati PEmgkalan Arang for a top overhaul. work
was completed in April 1992.
4.6 K. K. KEKEK (PPSIM)
This vessel was used only once from 29 May - 5 June 1991 for
the training of the research staff in SCUBA Diving at Pulau
Redang. From 29 June until 1 August 1991, the vessel went on
dock for annual maintenance at Limbongan Sejati Pengkalan Arang.
4.7 BLK BURAN (PPSIM)
This boat was used in the Artificial Reef Project in Pulau
Perhentian for 31 days, Turtle Behavj.~ur Study for 5 days and
100
Marine Park Research for 2 days. The boat was found to be not
seaworthy after it was badly damaged in rough seas.
4.8 BLK RENJONG
This boat was used in the Pulau Redang marine park research
from 15 - 19 September 1991 and from 6 - 10 October 1991 for a
total of 10 days. It was also invovled in the Turtle Behaviour
Study on 29 30 August 1991 for 2 days and then in the
artificial Reef research in Kuala Ibai on 14 September 1991.
4.9 K.K. MALONG (Hadil Rajali)
This wooden trawler was used exclusively for the prawn
survey in the coastal waters. Ten monthly trips of one week
duration were carried out using K.K. MALONG mainly in the Kuching
Bay area. This vessel is rather old and lS unlikely to be
seaworthy in the next few years.
4.10 K.K. MANCHONG (Albert C. Gambang)
This research vessel was well deployed in 1991. A coastal
demersal resource survey was carried in Sarawak waters. The
demersal survey in the waters of 12 - 30 nautical miles was
followed by the tuna and the ecological surveys in and around
Pulau Layang-Layang. Towards the end of the year a demersal
survey off the west coast of Sabah (12 - 30 nautical miles) was
carried. The condition of the vessel was mostly very good
although the scientific echo-sounder has not been repaired as the
agent in singapore was unable to do so.
101
5. PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS
5.1
5.2
Ong, K. S. Aquaculture Development in 1990s. Submitted for publication.
Malaysia
Ong, K. S. (as senior author). Report on the R&D out by the Fisheries Research Institute during Malaysia Plan Period. Prepared for IRPA (Agriculture Sector).
in the
carried the 5th
Seminar
5.3 Ong, K. S. The Status and Progress of Seafarming in Malaysia. Presented at the 4th National Coordinators' Meeting of the Regional Seafarming Development & Demonstration Project, Bangkok, 9-12 January 1991.
5.4 A simple surplus production model of the penaeid prawn fishery of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September - 2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
5.5 Prawn recruitment project in Matang, Perak, Malaysia by Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project: Living Coastal Resources Workshop On Mangrove Fisheries And Connections, 26-30 August 1991, Ipoh, Malaysia.
5.6 Some observations on the abundance of Penaeus merguiensis juveniles in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak, Malaysia by Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin and Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the Second IOCjWESTPAC Symposium, 2-6 December 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
5.7 The maximum sustainable yield of the demersal fishery on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and its use in managing the fishery by Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September
5.8
2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
Interactions China Sea by Consultation Fisheries, 3
between fisheries for small tunas in the South Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Expert
on Interactions of Pacific Ocean Tuna - 11 December 1991, Noumea, New Caledonia.
5.9 Pendaratan dan pemindahan ikan tuna di Pulau Pinang by Chee Phaik Ean. Berita Perikanan Bil. 8, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
5.10 Catch of Penaeus Gombang in Kuala Paper presented 30 September - 2
merguiensis and Metapenaeus brevicornis by Sepetang, Perak by Ahmad Adnan b.Nuruddin. at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan,
October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
5.11 The fourth prawn survey off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Abu Talib b. Ahmad (in press).
102
5.12 Estimation of mortality rates for merquiensis, using a pseudo-catch Ahmad. Paper presented at the Perikanan, 30 September - 2 October
Banana Prawn, Penaeus curve by Abu Talib b.
Seminar Penyelidikan 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
5.13 Comparison between age based and length based assessments for a fast growing species of Argyrosomus argentatus by Mahyam bt. Mohd. Isa. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September 2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
5.14 Laporan hasil kajian kelong di Johor by Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa. Report submitted to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.
5.15 Kajian lanjut ke atas kesesuaian bubu sotong arus di perairan Kedah/Perlis by Rosidi b. Ali. Paper presented at the Seminar Penyelidikan Perikanan, 30 September 2 October 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
5.16 Laporan kajian pukat tunda beregu di perairan laut dalam by Rosidi b. Ali. Report submitted to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
Laporan kajian lanjut bubu sotong arus Kedah/Perlis by Rosidi b. Ali. Report Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.
di perairan submitted to
Percubaan penandaan udang laut by Alias b. Man. Perikanan Bil. 9, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
Penetasan telur sotong dalam akuarium by Abdul S. Abdullah. Berita Perikanan Bil. 9, Jabatan Malaysia.
Berita
Hamid b. Perikanan
People's participation makes oyster culture by Devakie Nair. 43, 1991).
a success of small-scale (BOBP Newsletter, Issue No.
5.21 Small Scale Culture of the Flat Oyster (Ostrea folium) in P. Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia by Devakie Nair. (BOBP/WP/73).
5.22 Ternakan tira.m (Crassostrea iredalei da.n Saccostrea ~) di Negeri Terengganu, Malaysia oleh Devakie Nair. (Risalah Per ikanan) .
5.23 An Assessment on the growth and mortality of cockle (Anadara granosa ~) from four culture plots in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia by Devakie Nair. (for IRPA Seminar, 1992).
5.24 Status of Seaweed Production In Malaysia by Ramli Saad. Paper presented at the International Training Course On Commercial Sea~eeds Cultivation and utilisation, at Qindao, China, 11 June - 20 July 1991.
103
5.25 . Kertas Kedudukan Projek Kajian Ternakan Tiram Di Pulau Singa, P. Langkawi, Kedah oleh Devakie Nair.
5.26 Kertas Strategi Pelaksanaan Projek Kajian Ternakan Ikan Dalam Sangkar Di Kawasan Perairan Pantai, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia oleh Hambal Hj. Hanafi.
5.27 Laporan Kajian Awalan Bagi Mencadangkan Aktiviti Perikanan Di Kawasan Perairan Pulau Dayang Bunting, P. Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman oleh Hambal Hj. Hanafi.
5.28 Choo, P.S., T.K.Smith, C.Y. Cho and H.W. Ferguson (1991). Dietary excesses of leucine influence growth and body composition of rainbow trout. J.Nutr. 121: 1932-1939.
5.29 Choo, P.S. (1991). Pengeluaran Benih Udang Laut. Risalah Perikanan Bil. 47.
5.30 Choo, P.S. (1991). Pemeliharaan Tiram. Risalah Perikanan Bil.49.
5.31 Choo, P.S. dan Kamal Zaman (1991). Jangkitan cacing Turbellaria dan kematian kupang di Melaka. Berita Perikanan Jun, 1991.
5.32 Choo, P.S. (1991). Turbellarian infestation and mortality of the mussel, Perna viridis, in Fisheries Bulletin (in press).
the mass Malaysia.
5.33 Choo, P.S.(1991). Lymphocystis infection in the fry of the sea perch, Lates calcarifer, cultured in net cages. Fisheries Bulletin (in press) .
5.34 Ismail Ishak (1991). Bacterial contamination of the blood cockle, ~nadara granosa (L). Seminar on advances in Post Harvest Technology in S.E. Asia, Singapore.
5.35 Ismail Ishak (1991). Aquatic Pollution and the Fisheries Sector. Bulletin Sains dan Teknologi (in press) .
5.36 Ismail Ishak (1991). Cleaner Fishery Harbours - Batu Maung Harbour. Report to the BOBP Workshop on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, Penang, 9-11 December, 1991.
5.37 Ismail Ishak (1991). Cleaner Fishery Harbours - Kuala Kedah. Report to the BOBP Workshop on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, Penang, 9-11 December 1991 (co-author).
5.38 Ismail Ishak (1991). Oyster depuration A Necessity? Seminar on Oyster Culture in Malaysia, 26-28 February 1991, Kuala Lumpur.
5.39 Shahunthala Devi (1991). Perak River: A review of the inputs of nutrients. Presented at IOC/WESTPAC Workshop in Penang, 2-6 December 1991.
104
5.40 Kushairi Rajuddin (1991). Penemuan-Penemuan Kajian Ekologi Rumput Laut di semenanjung Malaysia. Seminar PegawaiPegawai Penyelidik Perikanan di Pulau Pinang, 1991.
5.41 Rohani Ibrahim (1991). Penggunaan bahan penyebar minyak.
5.42
Berita Perikanan (in press).
Che utama, C.M. (dalam cetakan). Keberkesanan jenama makanan rumusan larva bagi protozoea udang Penaeus monodon. Buletin Perikanan, Kementerian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
beberapa harimau,
Pertanian
5.43 Che utama, C.M. (dalam cetakan). Kesan pelbagai paras beberapa punca protein keatas kadar kemandirian dan tumbesaran postlarvae udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.44 Che Utama, C.M. (dalam cetakan). Kesan alga dan bahan bukan alga sebagai makanan keatas pertumbuhan populasi rotifer. Buletin Perikanan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.45 Che Utama, C.M. 1991. Keberkesanan makanan rumusan yang diproses sendiri (home-made) berbanding dengan makanan rumusan kommersial (bought-in) untuk asuhan postlarva udang harimau (Penaeus monodon), Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept. - 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.46 Che Utama, C.M. 1991. Kesan penggalak Virginiamycin keatas kadar kemandirian dan kadar postlarva udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
tumbesaran tumbesaran Bilo 71.
5.47 Che Utama, C.M. 1991. Kesan pelbagai paras vitamin C, Kolina klorida dan Inositol keatas kadar kemandirian dan kadar tumbescran postlarva udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan Bil. 70. Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.48 Faazaz, Abd. Latif. 1991. Factors affecting larviculture in NAPFRE. Paper presented at Research Conference, 30 Sept. - 2 Oct. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
the success of the Fisheries 1991, Penang,
5.49 Faazaz, A.L., Palanisamy, V. & Muhamad Hatta, M. (dalam cetakan). Panduan pembenihan udang laut, penaeus monodon, secara sistem intensif. Buku Panduan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.50 Ismail Ishak & Liong, P.C. 1991. The Batu Maung landing complex. Consultancy report presented at the Workshop on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, 9-11 Dec., Penang, Malaysia.
105
fish BOBP
1991,
5.51
5.52
Liong, P.C. & Ismail Ishak. 1991. The Kuala Kedah village. Consultancy report presented at the BOBP on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, 9-11 Dec., 1991, Malaysia.
fishing Workshop
Penang,
Liong, P.C. 1991. The fattening/ culture of mud Scylla serrata, in Malaysia. Paper presented at the Workshop in the Culture of Mud Crab in BOBP areas. Nov., 1991, Surat Thani, Thailand.
crab, BOBP 5-8
5.53 Liong, P.C. 1991. Coastal aquaculture development in Malaysia. Paper presented in the AADCP Seminar on Natural Constraints and Incentives in Coastal Aquaculture Development in South East Asia. 9-16 June, 1991, Nantes, France.
5.54 Liong, P.C. 1991. Water disinfection hatcheries. Fisheries Bulletin No 66. Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
in aquaculture Ministry of
5.55 Liong, P.C. 1991. Recent developments in freshwater prawn farming in Malaysia. Fisheries Bulletin No 67. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.56 Othman, M. & Yaakob, A. 1991. Artemia nauplii as feed for the postlarvae of Penaeus monodon during nursery stages. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, r.1alaysia.
5.57 Palanisamy, V. 1991. Luminous bacterial infection of penaeid lorviculture at NAPFRE hatchery. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.58 Palanisamy, V. (in press). Preliminary studies on diseases associated with bacterial pathogens in penaeid larvicultures. Risalah Perikanan, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.59 Palanisamy, V., Faazaz, A.L. & Rashidah, M.R. 1991. A guide on the production of alga culture for use in shrimp hatcheries, Buku Panduan 1/91, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
5.60 Subramaniam, K. & Liong, P.C. 1991. Development of tiger shrimp (Peneaus monodon) broodstock in brackishwater ponds. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.61 Yaakob, K. (In press), Observation on the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from two sources of breeders. Submitted to Fisheries Hea quarters for publication.
106
5.62 Yaakob, A. & Zainoddin, J. (dalam cetakan). ternakan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenberqii) kolam secara monokultur. Buku Panduan , Jabatan Malaysia, Malaysia.
Asas-asas di dalam Perikanan
5.63 Yaakob, A. & Othman M. Dalam cetakan. Rawai: Salah satu cara menangkap udang galah di Sungai Muda. Submitted to Fisheries Headquarters for pUblication.
5.64 Yaakob, A. & Othman, M. 1991. Kajian awal terhadap kesan pelepasan benih udang galah di Sungai Muda, Kedah Darulaman. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 Sept - 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.65 Zainoddin, J. 1991. Teknologi pembenihan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) mengikut teknik statik-intensif di NAPFRE. Paper presented at the Fisheries Research Conference, 30 sept - 2 Oct. 1991, Penang, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
5.66 Zainoddin, J. 1991. Preliminary studies on the rearing of mud crab (Scylla serrata) in NAPFRE. presented at the BOBP Seminar on the Culture of Mud in BOBP areaa, 5-8 Nov., 1991, Surat Thani, Thailand.
larval Paper
Crab
5.67 zainoddin, J. 1991. Pembenihan ketam nipah (Scylla serrata) dan ketam renjung (Portunus Qelagicus) di NAPFRE. Berita Perikanan, Bil. 8, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, Malaysia, Jun 1991.
5.68 zainoddin, J. (Dalam cetakan). Pembenihan udang (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) secara Ekstensif. Panduan, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
galah Buku
5.69 Zainoddin, J. & Yaakob, A. (dalam cetakan). penyediaan makanan rumusan (SUTIMAL) bagi pembenihan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) . Buku Panduan, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia, Malaysia.
5.70 Pathmasothy, Malaysia France.
a S. The status of fish feed and
country paper. AADCP Workshop nutrition in
in Biaritz
5.71 Pathmasothy, S. Ternakan ikan tilapia dalam kolam air tawar yang statik. Risalah Perikanan (in press) .
5.72 Chuah, H.P. Present progress, future directions and needs in fish genetics research in Malaysia. Asian Regional Workshop on Tilapia Genetics, Central Luzon State University, Philippines, 29-31 August, 1990.
107
5.73 Thalathiah Saidin. Preliminary trial on the cross breeding of Clarias macrocephalus and ~. gariepinus. Paper presented in the 3rd Fisheries Research Seminar,in Penang.
5.74 Mohd. Zaini Suleiman. Breeding of some common Tetras.
5.75 Mohd. Zaini Suleiman. Induced spawning trials for catla using a combination of common carp pituitary extract and HCG.
Catla gland
5.76 siti Zahrah Abdullah. Some morphological aspects of Thellohanellus sp. on Puntius gonionotus and its prevalence in relation to water quality.
5.77 siti Zahrah Abdullah. Morphological characteristics of Thellohanellus sp. in 9ills of Puntius gonionotus and its prevalence.
5.78 Pathmasothy, S. Mixed sex culture of Red Tilapia in ponds utilising Lates calcarifer to control over-crowding by breeding of the Tilapia.
5.79 Chuah, H.P. Preliminary study of the zooplankton in Kenyir and Semenyih Reservoirs.
5.80 Thalathiah Saidin. Mission report on the 3-month Staff Exchange to the Netherlands, united Kingdom and Germany, ASEAN-EEC/AADCP/2.
5.81 Jothy, A. A. Mission report on 3-ruonth Staff Exchange to EEC countries, ASEAN-EEC/AADCP/2.
5.82 Department of Fisheries. Mission report on within-·ASEAN Staff Exchange to Thailand, ASEAN-EEC.
5.83 Chuah Toh Thye submitted the following reports:
1 . Laporan kajian kesesuaian tapak untuk projek udang harimau di kawasan Pertubuhan Peladang, Selatan, Perak.
ternakan Manjong
2. Chuah Toh Thye & Rosly Hassan. An overview and assessment of the Sarawak Economic Development Corporation's Shrimp Farming Project at Mukah.
5.84 Rosly Hassan submitted the following papers:
1. Ros~y Hassan & Ramli Khamis (1991). Ketahanan kemasinan dan kaedah aklimitasi Tilapia Merah daripada air tawar ke air masin. Buletin Perikanan ~il. 69 ..
2. Rosly Hassan (1991). Acute ammonia toxicity of Red Tilapia and seabass (Lates calcarifer). In print.
108
3. Rosly aassan & Chuah Toh Thye (1991). Feeding, Total N and Total P loadings in a shrimp pond some observations. Presented at the 3rd. Fisheries Research Seminar, P. Pinang, 29 Sept.-2 Oct., 1991.
5.85 Rosly Hassan submitted the following reports:
1. Tapak Cadangan Project Ternakan Udang Harimau, Kemajuan Perusahanaan Pertanian (LKPP) Pahang Miang, Daerah Pekan, Pahang.
Lembaga di Sg.
2. Laporan Kemajuan Projek Pemindahan Teknologi Udang Harimau di wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.
5.86 Ismail Abu Hassan submitted the following paper and report;
1. Kajian kesan substrat dan makanan terhadap tumbesaran dan kadar kemandiran udang harimau (Penaeus monodon) Presented at the 3rd. Fisheries Research Seminar, Pulau Pinang, 29 September - 2 October, 1991.
2. Laporan Kajian tapak keatas sawah terbiar di Negeri Melaka untuk perusahaan ternakan udang harimau.
5.87 Ramli Khamis submitted: 1. Laporan kajian potensi tapak kolam PPK Manjong Selatan
termasuk rekabentuk cadangan.
2. Laporan kajian tanah dan air tapak kolam Felcra Sedili serta rekabentuk kolam.
3. Laporan berkenaan Pelan rekabentuk kolam pentern~k Bukit Meriam, Kedah.
5.88 Fauzidah Othman submitted:
1. Laporan kajian serangan penyakit ikan di sangkar Kukup, Johor.
5.89 Kamarruddin, I. (1991). Laporan kemajuan projek
5.90
penandaan penyu belimbing 1991, kertas No. 10/91, Mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Terengganu, UPEN, Terengganu.
Kamarruddin, I. (1991) . Laporan kemajuan pemeliharaan anak-anak penyu belimbing dalam Kertas No. 12/91, mesyuarat Majlis Penasihat Penyu Terengganu, UPEN, Terengganu.
projek kurungan. Santuari
5.91 Raja Bidin, R.H. (1991). The Structure, Production and Utilisation of Coastal Fisheries Resource and Research Program in Malaysia. Paper Presented at Workshop on Coastal Fishery Resources-Cum-Research, 22-26 April 1991, Cebu, Philip~nes.
109
5.92 Raja Mohammad Noordin, R. o. , Cheah, E. K. , Sukarno, W. , Abdul Mutalib, M. Y. , Mobarak, H. Raja Bidin, R.H. and Che Omar, M.H. (1991) . The Design and Construction of Artificial Reefs in Malaysia using PVC Pipes. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on the Enhancement of Artificial Habitats, 3-7 November 1991, California.
5.93 Raja Mohammad Noordin, R.O., Sukarno, W., Choo, P.S. and Ismail, I. (1991). Artificial Reefs An Emerging Technology for the Environmental Management. Paper presented at the Second IOC/WESTPAC Symposium on Managing the Marine Environment, 2-6 December 1991, Penang.
5.94 Sukarno, W. (1991). Some Recent Research On Sea Turtles
5.95
5.96
5.97
5.98
In Terengganu - Paper presented at the First IRPA Seminar on Strategic Sector, 16 - 19 November 1991, Penang.
Sukarno, W. (1991). Monitoring of PVC (co-author). Paper Perikanan Malaysia,
Preliminary artificial reefs presented at the 30 September - 2
Results in the in Terengganu waters Seminar Penyelidikan
October 1991, Penang.
Sukarno, W. Tiruan di Penyelidikan Penang.
(1991) . Terengganu.
Perikanan,
Satu Penilaian Keberkesanan Tukun Paper presented at the Seminar 30 September - 2 October 1991,
Chong, C • r~1. (1991) . Demersal fish survey in the 12-30 nautical miles waters off Sarawak coast.
Hadil Rajali (1991) . Demersal fish survey in the 12-30 nautical miles waters off Sabah west coast.
5.99 Hadil Rajali (1991). Prawn survey in the Kuching Bay of Sarawak.
5.100 Rumpet, R. (1991). Experimental fishing survey of fishery around Pulau Layang-Layang using troll lines fish aggregating devices (FAD).
tuna and
5.101 Rumpet,R. (1991). The study of tuna landing and biology in Mukah, Sarawak.
5.102 Mohammad Mohidin (1991). The transplanting and of mussel Perna viridis on ropes attached to Salak, Sarawak.
culturing rafts in
5.103 Yong, A. H. (1991). Monitoring of the eggs and larvae of Tenualosa toli (terubok) in the estuary of Batang Lupar, Sarawak.
110
6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS
A. Fisheries Research Institute, Gelugor, Penang
6.1 Y.M. Tengku Makhtar b. Raja Hussin, Chief Officer (K.K.
6.2
"MERSUJI"), was transferred to Fisheries Training Institute Malaysia, Batu Maung to serve on K.L."PAUS" on 01.10.91.
Encik Abu transferred 15.09.91.
Talib b. Ahmad, Fisheries Officer, was to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on
6.3 Encik Hambal Hj. Hanafi, Senior Fisheries Officer, was transferred from Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Gelang Patah, Johor to Aquaculture section at FRI, Penang on 02.05.91.
6.4
6.5
6.6
Encik Chuah Toh Thye, Fisheries Officer, from Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Patah, Johor to Aquaculture section at 02.12.91.
was transferred Centre, Gelang
FRI, Penang on
Encik Ng Fong Oon, Senior Fisheries Officer, was in FRI to Gelang Patah,
transferred from Aquaculture section Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor on 16.11.91.
senior Fisheries Officer, Puan Choo Sze was from the Aquaculture section to the Ecology 02.05.91.
transferred section on
6.7 Asst. Fisheries Officer, Encik Velu Murugan was transferred to the Headquarters of Department of Fisheries, Kuala Lumpur in February, 1991.
6.8 Senior Fisheries Officer, Hjh. Wan Portiah Wan Hamzah resigned from the Department of Fisheries in February 1991.
6.9 Fisheries Officer, Encik Edward Wong Fai Hung, was transferred to the Headquarters of Department of Fisheries, on 29.07.91.
6.10 Fisheries Officer, Encik Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah was transferred to Institute's Branch in Chendering, Terengganu on 05.10.1991.
111
B. National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah
6.11 Temporary Workers Asri Bakar, Ismail Shaari and Md Basli Daut reported for work on 01.01.91.
6.12 Temporary General Worker Abd. Razak Abddulah resigned on 15.01.91.
6.13 Temporary 08.02.91.
General Worker Baharom Ahmad resigned on
6.14 Two Temporary General Workers, Md Nasir Saad Ismail reported for work on 15.03.91 to vacancies created from the above resignation.
and Harizan replace the
6.15 Puan Noraini Idris, a clerical staff was transferred to the District Office, Tapah after a long wait of over 3 years to be with her family on 15.07.91.
6.16 Puan Jamilah Ahmad, Kerani Am, was transferred from Penjara, Kuala Lumpur, to the Centre on 01.08.91 to replace Puan Noraini Idris.
6.17 Fisheries Assistant Mesran Surip was transferred from the Centre to the Fisheries Headquarters.
6.18 Encik Mohd. Nordin Mohd Nor, a newly appointed Fisheries Assistant reported for duty on 07.10.91.
6.19 Puan siti Rokiah, Chief Clerk, was transferred to Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Kuala Lumpur om 01.12.91.
6.20 En. Hashim Arrifin reported for duty on 07.12.91 to replace Puan siti Rokiah as the Chief Clerk. He was formerly from the Office of Border Committee, Songkla, Thailand.
6.21 The service of Temporary Watchman Arshad Md. Saman was terminated on 31.12.91.
112
C. Freshwater Fish Research centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka
6.22 En. Zainal Sabtu, Pembantu Am Rendah, left the Department to join the police force in October 1991.
6.23 En. Kamson Shuttar, Fisheries Assistant, reported for duty on 01.10 . 91.
D. Brackishwater Research Centre, Gelang patah, Johor
6.24 Four temporary staff were recruited to fill the vacant posts at the Centre:
i) cik Haslinda Mohamed, Kerani Am, on 01. 04.91-
ii) En. Mohd. Zamri bin Minhat, Pembantu Am Rendah, on 2.10.91-
iii) cik Rasmawati Abd. Rahman, Pembantu Am Rendah, on 20.10.91.
iv) En. Thanagodi a/I Vellasamy, Pembantu Hakmal, on 16.12.91.
6.25 Asst. Fisheries Officer, Md. Nafiah Md. Yasin was
6.26
transferred to the Terengganu state Fisheries Department on 02.12.91.
Pn. Khalijah Kastari , Typist Department of Licensing, Kuala Primary Industry on 15.12.91.
was transferred to Terengganu, Ministry
the of
6.27 Pn. Masriah Ngadimin, Typist was transferred from Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment to Gelang Patah on 15.12.91.
E. Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
6.28 A total Fisheries
of 7 workers were appointed as Assistants, 2 as IPTP Samp1ers and 4
113
part-time as General
Workers. They are as follows:
Fisheries Assistants
1. Nik Nasruddin bin Nik Ismail 2. Mohamad bin Alif 3. Abdul Halim bin Abdullah 4. Sukri bin Abdullah 5. Syed Adnan bin Syed Hassan 6. siti Zaliha bte Abdul Ghani 7. Raja Mohamad bin Raja Yusof
IPTP Sampler
1. Zaharin bin Zainal Abidin 2. Ahmad Zamani bin Mohamad
Pekerja Am Rendah
1. Mohd. Shafie bin Pak 2. Ruzelan bin Jusoh 3. Norazimah bte Yusoff 4. Zabana bte Yasin replacing Rahimah bte Jusoh.
6.29 Fisheries Officer Abdul Hamid bin Yasin resumed duty on 01.10.91 after completing his 2 years Master's course in the United Kingdom.
6.30 Fisheries Officer Pauzi bin Abdullah and Asst. Fisheries Officer Abdul Aziz bin Yusof were transferred from FRI on 02.11.91 and 15.10.91 respectively to work in the Resource Ecology unit.
F. Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, Sarawak
6.31 The Centre basically maintained the same number during the year. There were minor movements between K.K.Malong and K.K.Manchong to streamline management.
of staff of crews personnel
6.32 A significant change involved the taking away of the Ecology unit including, 1 Fisheries Officer, 1 Fisheries Assistant and 2 manual workers from the ambit of research.
6.33 Mr. Henry Opang Luhat was transferred to Fisheries Research Centre as its head to replace Mr. George Chong Chiaw Min who was moved to become the Deputy Director of Fisheries, Sarawak.
114
7. VISITS/VISITORS.
During the year, the Institute and its Centres received many
visitors, including the following:
A. Fisheries Research Institute, Geluqor, Penanq
7.1 Mr. Donald C. Cann, FAO Consultant on Depuration visited FRI in February, 1991.
Systems
7.2 Dr. Charles R.C. Sheppard, from The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, visited the FRI on the 9 July 1991 as a consultant under Project ADB 862-MAL on Marine Parks in Malaysia - Research, Development and Display.
7.3
7.4
7.5
Mr Lars and Mr FRI / provide farming
Engvall, Director, Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP), Charles Angell, BOBP Senior Aquaculturist visited Malaysia on 28 Feb.-8 March and 11-16 November to technical assistance for the BOBP project on oyster in Malaysia.
Professor Roy Carpenter, Expert for marine contaminant study visited FRI on 20.08.91.
sediments
Dr. T. Yonemori, Mr. Kondo Keichi, Mr. Noguchi Iwao JICA and Mr. Kazuo Inowe from SEAFDEC visited FRI on 28.08.91.
from the
7.6 Mr. Ravikumar, BOBP Consultant on Cleaner Fishery Harbours, visited FRI in July, 1991 while Dr. Steffan Holmgren, BOBP Consultant on Environmental Pollution visited FRI on 2-4 September 1991.
7.7 Dr. David James, FAO Senior Fishery Industry Officer, visited FRI on 16.09.91.
7.8 Mr. Powe Pedersen, Mr G. Andersson and Dr E. Drewes, FAO Consultants visited FRI on 25.10.91.
7.9 Mr J. Fitzpatrick, Chief, Fishing Technology Service, Fishery Industries Division, -FAO Rome, visited FRI on 10 December 1991.
7.10 Dr. Donald James, FAO Expert on Food Safety, Industrial Contaminants and Environmental Pollutants and Dr. Annuar from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, visited FRI on 01.11.91.
115
B. National Prawn Fry Production , Research centre, Kedah
7.11 Mr. S.D. Kulkarni and R.N. Mukhija from Larsen and Toubro Ltd., Bombay, India visited the Centre on 10.01.91.
7.12 Mr. Ooi Peng Hong, a consultant from Perunding Atur Sdn.
7.13
Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, visited the Centre for an evaluation of the performance of the Centre on behalf of JICA on 07.02.91.
Deputy Director-General of Fisheries, Malaysia Mazlan Jusoh visited the Centre on 28.02.91 to the Certificate Presentation Ceremony of the Public Speaking and Management of Organization.
En. Mohd. officiate
Course on
7.14 Mr. Jafari from Konarak Shrimp visited the Centre on 12.03.91.
company, Tehran, Iran
7.15 Mr. Muhesh Valabhji, Dr. Alec Forbes and Mr. Sunny Kan from Seychelles visited the Centre on 01.04.91.
7.16 Director-Gneral of Fisheries, Malaysia, Y. Bhg. Dato' Shahrom h. Hj. Abdul Maj id, visited the Centre on 06. OG. 91.
7.17 Ahli EXCO Dato' Abu Bakar Taib with a team of Senior State Officers visited the Centre on 08.09.91 to evaluate the future development potential for brackishwater aquaculture in Kedah.
7.18 Dr. Herbert Diemont, Institute of Forestry and Nature Research, Holland, Mr. Ting Chaong Chang and Mr. Aminiddin Yusoff, Mardi, visited the Centre on 29.10.91.
C. Freshwater Fish Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka
7.19 Mr. Hassanai Kongkeo from PCO Bangkok came to open the ICQ Tender for vehicles (AADCP/2) on 17.05.91.
7.20 Dr. Marcel Machiels of DFCF Wageningen came to FFRC on the staff exchange programme on 24.08.91.
116
D. Marine Fish Resource Research centre, Terengganu
7.21 Yg. Bhg. Data· Shah rom bin Haji General, Department of Fisheries Centre on 11.03.91.
Abdul Majid, Director Malaysia visited the
7.22 Mr. T. Sakurai and Dr. M. Yesaki from IPTP, Colombo, Sri Lanka visited the Centre on 12.08.91.
7.23 En. Mazlan bin Hashim from MACRES, Kuala Lumpur visited the Centre on 26.08.91.
7.24 Dep. Director-General of Fisheries Malaysia, En. Mohd. Mazlan bin Jusoh visited the Centre on 2 September 1991.
7.25 Dr. T. Yonemori, Dr. K. Kondo and captain I. Noguchi from JICAjSEAFDEC 4 Department, visited the Centre on 04.09.91.
7.26 Dr. M. Crickmore, IAEA Expert, England, En. Abd. Kadir bin Ishak and En. Wan Zakaria bin Muhd. Tahir from Unit Tenaga Nuklear, Bangi, visited the Centre on 18.11.91.
7.27 Dr. Itaru Uchida of Port of Nagoya Public AQUARIUM visited the Centre on 27.11.91.
7.28 En. Zainudin bin othman and En. Juhari bin Mohd. Yusuf from Unit Tenaga Nuklear; Data· Dr. Salleh b. Mohd Nor (KPP FRIM, KEPONG): Dr. Ho Sin Chye (PPS Kajihayat, USM); En. Wan Abd. Latif (MNS); Dr. Lin Weng Hee (MNS Ibu Pejabat) and En. Kelvin Lin (MNS Singapore Branch) visited the Centre on 22.12.91.
117
8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING
The Director of Research, Heads of Research Sections/Centres
as well as officers of the Institute attended various meetings /
seminars/workshops during the year. The Institute's own research
seminar which was attended by all paper presenters was held in
Penang from 30 September - 2 October.
Listed below are some of the main meetings/seminars attended
during the year:
8.1 Ong Kah Sin (Director of Research):
presented a paper entitled "The Status and Sea farming in Malaysia" at the 4th National Meeting, Regional Seafarming Development Project", Bangkok, 9-12 January 1991.
Progress of Coordinators'
& Development
attended the BOBP/IDRC Seminar on the Development of Oyster Culture in Malaysia held in Kuala Lumpur on 26-28 February 1991 as Chairman.
delivered the opening address at the IOC Workshop on Inputs of Nutrients to the Marine Environment in WESTPAC Region, held in Penang on 26-29 November 1991.
River the
delivered the opening address at the International Course on Coastal Aquaculture held in the National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.
attended the Management for Quality Research Seminar held at the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, 21-22 October 1991.
Resource section, FRI, Penang
8.2 Mr. Lui Yean Pong (Head of Resource section) attended:
BOBP Project Review Meeting at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 2.3.91 and on 15.11.91.
SEAFDEC Second Review Committee Heeting, 14-16 May 1991, Bangkok, Thailand.
118
ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project: Living Coastal Resources Workshop On Mangrove Fisheries And Connections, 26-30 August 1991, Ipoh, Malaysia.
Meeting on the formulation of research programmes for SEAFDEC Fourth Department with Japanese Expert Mission at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 27.8.91.
Second IOCjWESTPAC Symposium, 2 - 6 December 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
BOBP Consultation On Cleaner Fishery Harbours, 9 11 December 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
8.3 Puan Chee Phaik Ean attended:
Meeting on BOBP Bioeconomics Project at IPP, Pulau Pinang on 4.6.91.
Meeting with Mr. T. Sakurai and Dr. M. Yesaki from IPTP at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 13.8.91.
Expert Consultation on Interaction of Pacific Ocean Fisheries, 29 November - 14 December 1991, Noumea, Caledonia.
Tuna New
8.4 En. Abu Talib b. Al1mad attended:
Course on "Sea levels, tides and currents" at UTM, Kuala Lumpur on 10 - 15 March 1991.
Meeting on the use of K.K. MANCHONG for fish resource survey in Sabah waters at the Fisheries Office, Labuan on 19.7.91.
Course on Fishery Oceanography at SEAFDEC, Thailand on 1 August - 14 September 1991.
8.5 cik Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa:
Bangkok,
attended Course on Data Handling at Wageningen, the Netherlands from 6 January - 16 February 1991.
gave lectures to participants of The Induction Fisheries Assistants at the Fisheries Training Penang on 20 - 21 August 1991.
Course for Institute,
attended Kem Bina Negara organized by the Biro Tatanegara, Prime Minister's Deparment, Kuala Lumpur from 6 11 October 1991.
119
8.6 En. Ahmad Adnan bin Nuruddin:
attended Workshop on Marine Applications of ERS-1 Data at the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand from 10 - 21 June 1991.
gave lectures to participants of The Induction Fisheries Assistants at the Fisheries Training Penang on 26 - 27 August 1991.
Course for Institute,
attended Second IOC/WESTPAC Symposium, 2 1991, Penang, Malaysia.
6 December
8.7 En. Alias bin Man reported back for duty in October 1991 and attended:
Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Resource Section, Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.
Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.
8.8 En. Rosidi bin Ali attended:
Course on Public Speaking for Fisheries Officers National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Sayak, Kedah from 25 - 31 January 1991.
Intensive course on English Language at INTAN, Lumpur from 22 September - 16 NovembAr 1991.
at the Pulau
Kuala
8.9 En. Samsudin bin Basir reported back for duty in October 1991 and attended:
Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Resource section, Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.
Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.
Aquaculture section, FRI, Penang
8.10 En. Hambal Hanafi (Head of Aquaculture section) attended:
the Fifth National Coordinators' Meeting, Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project UNDP/FAO RAS/90/002 in Bangkok, Thailand, 5-8 November 1991.
120
8.11 En. Ramli Saad attended the International Training Course On Commercial Seaweeds Cultivation and utilisation, at Qindao, China, 11 June - 20 July 1991.
8.12 En. Ng Fong Oon, cik Devakie Nair anf En. Kamal Mohamed attended Seminar On The Development of Culture in Malaysia, 26 - 28 February 1991.
Zaman Oyster
8.13 En. Kamal Zaman Mohamed and cik Devakie Nair gave lectures on The Culture of Oysters at NAPFRE in March and November 1991.
8.14 Ms Devakie Nair attended a Regional Training Course On Pearl Oyster Farming and Pearl Culture at Tuticorin, India from 1 - 28 February 1991.
Aquatic Ecology Section, FRI, Penang
8.15 Ms Choo Poh Sze (Head of Aquatic Ecology Section) attended:
Japan-US Symposium on Artificial Habitats for 10 - 14 June 91, Tokyo, Japan.
Ecology and Conservation of Southeast Asian Freshwater Environments including Wetlands, Seminar, 4 - 6 November 1991, Kuala Lumpur.
Fisheries,
Marine and a Regional
Second Westpac Symposium, 2 - 6 December 1991, Penang.
Regional Consultation on Cleaner Fishery Harbours in the Bay Of Bengal, Penang, Malaysia, 9 - 11 December 1991.
National Prawn Fry Production , Research centre, Kedah
8.16 En. Liong pit Chong (Head of Centre) attended the Meeting of the Advisory Committee of BOBP and the the Session of IOFC Committee for the Development Management of Fisheries in the Bay of Bengal from 24 -January 1991, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
15th 7th and
30
8.17 En. Liong Pit Chong attended the AADCP Workshop on Natural Constraints and Incentives to Aquaculture Development in Nantes, France from 11 - 16 June 1991.
8.18 En. Liong, pit Chong & Zainuddin J. attended the BOBP Seminar on The culture/Fattening of Mud Crab in BOBP Area, from 5 - 9 November 1991, in Surat Thani, Thailand.
121
8.19 En. K. Subramaniam . and cik Safiah Sayut~i attended the Course on Public Speaking and Management of organisation in NAPFRE, from 26 - 31 January 1991.
8.20 En. K. Subramaniam attended a training course on Fish Physiology and Prevention of Epizootics at Shimonoseki University, Japan from 11 March - 25 June, 1991. The training course was sponsored by JICA.
8.21 Puan Rashidah Mat Resat attended the training course on Prawn Propagation Technique in Japan from 28 January - 22 July, 1991. The training was sponsored by JICA.
8.22 En. Zainuddin Jamari attended the Training Course on the Breeding and Culture of Scallop and Sea Cucumber in Qingdao, China from 24 May - 22 June, 1991.
8.23 En. Fariduddin Othman attended the Regional Training Course on Fishery Oceanography in Bangkok, Thailand from 1 August - 15 September 1991.
8.24 En. Zainuddin J. attended the IRPA (social Science Sector) Seminar held at UUM, on 24 - 26 November 1991.
8.25 En. Yaakob Ahmad attended the training course write it Right at INTAN, Kuala Lumpur from 25 November - 7 December 1991.
Freshwater Fish Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Me1aka
8.26 En. A.A. Jothy (Head of Centre) and En. Mohd. Zaini Suleiman attended the 2nd International Aquarium Fish and Accessories Exhibition and Conference, 27.06.91, Singapore.
8.27 Pn. Thalathiah Saidin attended the Staff exchange programme to the Netherlands, United Kingdom and southern Germany from 27 April - 1 July 1991.
8.28 En. S. Pathmasothy attended the ASEAN/AADCP Workshop on Fish Nutrition in Biaritz, France.
8.29 En. S. Pathmasothy and En. Suhairi Alimon attended International Workshop on Integrated Livestock Production System in Kuala Lumpur on 16.12.91.
the Fish
8.30 All Fisheries Officers and two Assistant Fisheries Officers attended the First AADCP Regional Training Course on Fish Biology and Fish Stock Assessment held in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.
122
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Gelang Patah, Johor
8.31 Ng Fong Oon (Head of Centre) attended:
Oyster Culture Seminar at Holiday Inn, Kuala Lumpur from 26 February- 1 March, 1991.
BOBP Review Meeting at Fisheries Headquarters on 2 March 1991 and on 15 November 1991.
Course on Sea Levels, Tides and Current at UTM, Kuala Lumpur from 11 -15 March 1991.
Training Course on Scallop and Sea cucumber at Qingdao, China from 21.05.91 - 24.06.91.
8.32 En. Rosly Hassan attended the Seminar on the Development of Oyster culture in Malaysia at Holiday Inn, K. Lumpur on 26 -28 February, 1991.
8.33 Pn. Fauzidah Othman attended:
Training Management, May 1991.
course on Tropical Fish Health Biotrop, Bogor, Indonesia from 30 April
and 31
Symposium on Tropical Fish Health Management in Aquaculture, Bogor, Indonesia, from 14 - 16 May 1991.
Marine Fish Terengganu
Resource Research Centre, Kuala Terengganu,
8.34 Raja Mohd. Noordin bin Raja Omar (Head of Centre) attended:
Seminar on Management for Quality Research on 21 22 October 1991 in Ipoh.
Fifth International Conference on The Enhancement of Artificial Habitats, 3 - 7 November 1991, U.S.A.
Second IOCjWESTPAC Symposium on Managing the Environment, 2 - 6 December 1991, Pulau Pinang.
Marine
8.35 Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim attended the 1991 Cruise of R.V. HAh~HO-MARU, 13 February - 22 March 1991, Tokyo, Japan.
123
8.36 Mohamed Pauzi bin Abdullah attended:
UNEP-COBSEA Project EAS 19 Second Senior Marine Park Managers from Countries, 11 - 14 March 1991, Penang.
Regional Meeting of the East Asian
Artificial Reef Preparation Course, 10 May - 13 July 1991, Japan.
8.37 Sukarno bin Wagiman attended Artificial Reef Preparation Course, 10 May - 13 July 1991, Japan.
8.38 Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan attended Workshop on Coastal Fishery Resources-cum-Research, 22 - 26 ApriJ 1991, Cebu, Philippines.
Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, Sarawak
8.40 Mr. Henry Opang Luhat (Head of Centre) and Mr Richard Rumpet attended a Regional Training Course on Fisheries Oceanography at SEAFDEC Bangkok, Thailand for 6 weeks, from 1 August - 14 September 1991.
8.39 Mr. Albert Chuan Gambang and Mr. Pang Suh Cem resumed duties at the Centre in October 1991 after completing a Master of Science courSe in the united Kingdom.
OKS 92062 f
124
Appendix 1.
Address of Fisheries Research Institute and Its Branches
Head Office:
Fisheries Research Institute, (Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia) , 11700 Gelugor, Penang. Tel. No: 04-872777 / 04-873150 Fax No: 04-876388
Branches:
National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kampong Pulau Sayak, 08500 Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah. Tel. No: 04-474021 / 04-474022 / 04-474023. Fax No~ 04-474470.
Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Batu Berendam, 75350 l1elaka. Tel. No: 06-353497 / 06-353499 Fax No: 06-355705.
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, 81550 Gelang Patah, Johor. Tel. No: 07-501202.
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-675135 Fax No: 09-675136.
Marine Fish Fry Production & Research Centre, Tanjong Demong, 22200 Besut, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-976778.
Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, 93744 Kuchillg, Sarawak. Tel. No: 082-331281 Fax No: 082-338143.
125
CARTA ORGANISASI INSTITUT PENYEUOIKAN PERIKANAN MALAYSIA, 1991
INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN PERIKANAN
GLUGOR, PULAU PINANG
1 I I
Pengarah Penyelidikan Tingkatan Tertinggi 1/ Fir
~ Selcsi Pentadbiran I ! 3 Seksi Penyelldil:.an: IlPusat Peng.&. Peny.Benih J lPUSal Penyelidil:.an Il:.an Air J I Pusa I Penyelidikan Ternakan
ayau, G. Patah, Johor (Sumber, Akual:.ullur, Ekologi). Udang Keb., P.Sayai:,Kedah Tawar, B.Berendam, Me/aka Air P
Kelua Pusal Kelua Pusal Kelua Pusal Peg. Tadbir Am Peg. Pri:. Kn. TfT G 3 Peg. Prl:.. Kn. TIT G Peg.Prl:..Kn.TfT G Peg. Prk. TlKn. Peg. Perpust. Peg. Prk. T/Kn. 5 Peg. Prk. TIKn. 2 Peg.Prl:..T/Kn. Peg. Prl:.. T/B Ketua Peg.T/B. Peg. Prl:.. T/Kn.(J'lera) Peg. Prl:.. TIS. S Peg.Prlc TIB 10 Pen. Peg. Prk.T/Siasa Peg. Kerani Kn. Peg. Prl:.. TIS 27 Pen. Peg. Prl:.. TIS. 4 Pen. Peg.Prl:..TIKn. 1 Peg. Kerani Am T/Kn. Peg. Keranl Am 6 Pen. Peg. Prk. Tl8 7 Pem. Telcnllc 1 Pen. Peg.Prk.T/B 8 Peg. Kerani Am TIB Pem. Perpust. Kaplen TIB Pem. Prl.:. T/B. 7 Pem. Prl:. T/Kh. 4 Pye. Selor T/Biasa Jurutrengl:as Pem. Male TlKh. 4 Pem. Mal:.. 4 Pem. Prl:.. T/B 18 Pem. Mal:. T/Biasa Pefulcis Pem. Mak. TIS 19 Pye. Slor T/B. 1 Pye. Star T/B 1 JUrulaip §'ye. Star TIKn. Pem. Prle. T/B 5 At. Makmal (PAR) 12 Peg. Kerani Am Kn. 1 Jurumudi T/B Pye. StorT/Ren. J/E. lau! TfT 2 Peg. Kerani Kanan 1 Peg. Kerani Am B. 3 Pembantu Am Rendah Jurutaip 4 J/E. laut TlKh. Peg. Keranl Biasa 4 Pem. Ren. Prl::. 2 Tul::ang K3,T/B{J'gegas) .rproses Foto 1 J/E. Laut T/Kn . 3 Penjaga Pejabat Jurulaip T/B. 3 Jaga Pem. Am Rendah 3 Serang TIT 1 Pej. Kolam 3 Oper. Telelon PekerjaAm Tulcang K2 T/B.(P.Pulcat) 2 Serang TIKh. 1 Tul:ang K2 TIB 2 At. Makmal (PAA) 4 Pemandu TuJ.ang K2 T/B.(J'gegas) 1 Serang TIB 2 Pemandu 4 Pelayan Pej. (PAR) 1 Penj.Jentera ltr.T/II Jaga 5 Ald. Malemal TlKhas Jaga 6 Tul::ang K2 TlKn. 1 Pel:erjaAm 5 Ald. Mal:mal T/Biasa 13 Pel::erjaAm 11 TUl:ang K2 T/B. Pemandu 4 Jurumudi TlB 4 Tuleang K3 T/B.
Penj.Klm.tkan 2 73 Pernandu Jenlera 40 Tuleang Masal: 4 Pernandu 4
Kelasi 11 Mandor 3 At. Akuarium 8 Jaga 4 Pem.J/E. laut TIB 3 Pel:erjaAm 30
128 104
Ringkasan Bilangan Jawatan IPP 1991
GlUGOR PULAU BATU GELANG C'RING TG. JUMLAH BINTAWA JUMLAH
SAYAK BERENOAM PATAH T'GGANU OEMONG KECllS/M SARAWAK BESAR \
Kumputan A 39 12 12 5 4 1 73 11 84
Kumpulan B 8 5 9 2 - 1 25 1 26
Kumpulan C 50 17 27 7 11 6 118 28 146
Kumpulan 0 72 39 66 24 15 9 215 45 260
JUMLAH 169 73 104 38 30 17 431 85 516
4
2
1
4
7
1
3
8
2
38
P.Peny.Sumber I~an Marin Pusal Pengo Benih Ikan laut Pusat Peny. Perikanan
Bintawa, Sarawak Cenderin9, TereoQQanu T9. Demong, Terengganu
Kelua Pusal
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Peg. PrK.T/B.
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Pem Prlc TIB
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J/E. Laul TIT
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85