first issue

1 Journal of Alexandria Medical Students

Intro to ESMNA family 2

JAMS is born… 3

Organs on a chip 5

progeria 7

Scans of Egyptian Mummies Show Heart Disease Was Ancient Malady

9

Amazing medical implants 11

Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery 13

Hepatitis C virus and thyroid gland 15

Introduction to Clinical Trials 17

Nobel prize in medicine, the dream… 19

Case discussion 21

Thanks to editors 22

؟ MNAESيعني ايه

امسنا دي اختصار نلروح انيل عاٍٍزن وش تغل بهيا ان شاء هللا مع امطلبة ويه

(Express, Share, Make a difference, Never give up, As long as u live )

..طيب كلمني عن نشاط األسرة

املرشوع من امسو اميدف منو ان ثغَري –ال صالح الإجامتعي س نوات وىو مرشوع 01الارسة ثعترب هتاج ملرشوع متاكمل بدأ برة املكَة من الرت من

ة املتنوعة اجملالت بني ) ثنفِذ املش رىا ابختصار بَقوم عىل عدد من امجلعَات و املؤسسات اخلرًي ع امصغرية واقعنا اساسو ىو ثغَري هفس نا وثطٍو اًر

ر امتعلمي ، و مجعَات جسامه ابوشطة امتاكفل الاجامتعي وامنشاط اخلريي ، و مؤسسات اصدرت حصف مثل حصَفة " هنضة أ مة " وامتدًرب علهيا ، ثطٍو

ثكل فكرة ال رسة منقلجفائت - ، ومؤسسات ندلراسات الاقتصادًة وامتمنَة امبرشًة ( واملؤسسات دي حققت جناحات ملموسة عىل أ رض امواقع

ةل عصب من اقوى اعصاب اجملمتع وىو امش باب ... عاٍٍزن ش باب املكَة ٌشارلنا الاجيابَة من اجملمتع خارج املكَة اىل داخل املكَة حِث امتجربة امطًو

زي ما بَقول املثل امتطوعي و هدربو عىل ممارس تو ، ىدفنا ، عاٍٍزن حنسسو بأ مهَة امعمل وامفعامَة الرت من اهو ًبقى دوره مس تقبل نلنشاط امطاليب

اد مَف اصطعطين مسكة ومكن علمين ل ثامصَين :

؟ ايه مجاالت عمل األسرة

) زي املرشوعات امصغرية ولفاةل ال ًتام( وامثقايف وامفكري )زي ة اجالت لمليا متنوعة بني اخلريي ) زي مساء امفقراء واتحمتايني ( والاجامتعي الارس

يب ) زي دورات امتمنَة امبرشًة .. ودورات ا ع امدارة الاعامل اقامة هدوات ابملكَة( وامتدًر دة صودورات املشاًر غرية( و اجلاهب امعلمي )زي مرشوع اجلًر

(وىو املرشوع انيل ىميثل اهطالقة وشاطنا يف املكَة ان شاء هللا JAMSامطبَة

لو حبيت اشارك في نشاط األسرة اعمل ايه

عرض علَنا رأ ًك و اقرتاحاثك ومشارلتكيف مقر ال رسة حتت ال اكدميي و ث ىُسعدان اهك جرشفنا

2


Journal of Alexandria Medical

Students (JAMS) is born.

Welcome to JAMS the first medical

journal designed to be from students

to students. JAMS is a platform for

medical students to share & present

medical articles about all what is new

in medicine, articles written in simple

& attractive way ... We had a board of

supervisors from our dear professors.

Our Goals are:

To inform students about

medical topics and issues not

typically addressed in core

curricula.

To facilitate discussion of

current issues relevant to

medical students.

To foster the next generation of

Alexandria medical researchers

and physician-scientists.

The way is so long… but if we believe

in our dream… it will be the near

future.

JAMS will be divided to several

windows…Students window where

students can present their work and

share ideas with their peers.

Professor window where we will

share our dear professors in their

articles and researches. Medical

technology window where we will

recognize new areas of technologies in

medicine. Research window where

we will know everything about

research, clinical trials, research team,

how to write a research

paper…Evidence based medicine

window where we will know more

about evidence in every branch in

medicine...Nobel Prize window

where we will know Nobel laureates in

medicine and there

achievements…Case discussion

where we will think about new cases…


Prof. Mahmoud El-Zalabany

Dean and professor of pediatrics

Prof. Abd El-Aziz Belal

Ex Dean and Professor of ENT

Prof. Yasser Mazloum

Professor of Radiology

Prof. Ashraf Saad Galal

Professor of Ophthalmology

Prof. Samir Naeem

Professor of Endocrinology

Prof. Samir Helmy Asaad

Professor of Diabetes & Metabolism

Prof. Mahmoud Hassanein

Professor of Cardiology

Prof. Salah abd El-Meneem

Professor of Oncology

Prof. Maha Hegazy

Professors of Physiology

Prof. Gehan Goweval

Professors of community medicine

Assist. Prof. Nihal El Habachi

Professors of Physiology

Assist. Prof. Ayman El-Shayeb

Professor of Tropical medicine

Board of supervisors

New devices may help bring drugs to market faster

Mohammed Abd El-fattah Fifth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

One of the most challenging aspects

of drug development is testing.

Scientists are forced either to

experiment on whole animals, which

are expensive, raise ethical issues and

may not predict effects in humans, or

to perform tests on microscopic

human cells found in tissue cultures,

which have been altered to live forever

and bear little relation to actual living,

breathing people. But researchers are

working on a new technique to help

bridge that gap: microchips that

simulate the activities and mechanics

of entire organs and organ systems.

These “organs on a chip,” as they are

called, are typically glass slides coated

with human cells that have been

configured to mimic a particular tissue

or interface between tissues.

Developers hope they could bring

drugs to market more quickly and, in

some circumstances, perhaps even

eliminate the need for animal testing.

The chips are still in their early

stages, but investigators are

translating more and more body parts

to the interface. Last summer

bioengineers at Harvard University

wrote in the journal Science that they

had created a device that mimics a

human lung: a porous membrane

surrounded by human lung tissue

cells, which breathes, distributes

nutrients to cells and initiates immune

responses. In November 2010

Japanese researchers announced

online in Analytical Chemistry that

they had built a chip that

simultaneously tests how liver,

intestine and breast cancer cells

respond to cancer drugs, and in

February 2010 scientists publishing in

the Proceedings of the National

Academy of Sciences USA developed a

microscale replica of the human liver

that allowed them to observe the

entire life cycle of hepatitis C, a virus

that is difficult to observe in cultured

cells.


Pharmaceutical companies have

expressed interest in the chips but are

proceeding with caution. The main

drawback, some say, is that the chips

may not capture certain crucial

A follicle that is more oval in shape

will produce curlier hair, which,

when viewed under a microscope,

is more "flat" in appearance than a

straight hair, which is "round".

A new born baby breathes five

times faster than an adult man.

A passionate kiss uses up 6.4

calories per minute.

A person breathes 7 quarts of air

every minute.

A study by researcher Frank Hu

and the Harvard School of Public

Health found that women who

snore are at an increased risk of

high blood pressure and

cardiovascular disease.

aspects of living physiology the way

whole animal tests do. “If you don’t

use as close to the total physiological

system that you can, you’re likely to

run into troubles,” like being surprised

by side effects later on in clinical trials.

Harvard researchers say the chips can

provide hints about toxicity: for

instance, the lung-on-a-chip initiated

an immune response against silica

nanoparticles, which are under

investigation as possible drug-delivery

vehicles.

A woman's heart beats faster than a

man's.

According to the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC), 18 million courses of

antibiotics are prescribed for the

common cold in the United States

per year. Research shows that colds

are caused by viruses. 50 million

unnecessary antibiotics are

prescribed for viral respiratory

infections.

According to the Journal of

American Medical Association, as

of 1998, more than 100,000

Americans die annually from

adverse reactions to prescription

drugs.

By Mai Mohammed Mansour 5th year medicine undergraduate


Mohammed Adel El-Nemr Fifth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

Introduction Also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Derived from the words Pro = advanced, preceding and geria = ageing, old age. Progeria was first described in 1886 by Jonathan Hutchinson and also described independently in 1897 by Hastings Gilford. Is a rare progressive genetic disorder that causes children to age rapidly, beginning in their first two years of life? Children with progeria, generally appear normal at birth. By 12 months, signs and symptoms, such as skin changes and hair loss, begin to appear. The average life expectancy for a child with progeria is 13, but some with the disease die younger and some live 20 years or longer. Heart problems or stroke is the eventual cause of death in most children with progeria.

Aetiology Researchers have discovered a single

gene mutation responsible for progeria syndrome. The gene is known as lamin A (LMNA), which makes a protein necessary to holding the center (nucleus) of a cell together. Researchers believe the genetic mutation renders cells unstable, which appears to lead to progeria's characteristic aging process. Progeria isn't passed down in families. Rather, the gene change is a chance occurrence that researchers believe affects a single sperm or egg just before conception. Neither parent is a carrier, so the mutations in the children's genes are new (de novo).

Signs & Symptoms Usually within the first year of life, growth of a child with progeria slows markedly so that height and weight fall below average for his or her age, and weight falls low for height. Motor development and mental development remain normal.

Slowed growth, with below-average height and weight

A narrowed face and beaked nose, which makes the child look old

Hair loss (alopecia), including eyelashes and eyebrows

Hardening and tightening of skin on trunk and extremities (scleroderma)

Loose, aged-looking skin Head too large for face Prominent scalp veins

Prominent eyes Small lower jaw (micrognathia) High-pitched voice


Delayed and abnormal tooth formation.

Loss of body fat and muscle. Stiff joints. Hip dislocation.

Treatment There's no cure for progeria. Certain therapies may ease some of the signs and symptoms. They include:

Low-dose aspirin. Physical and occupational

therapy. High-calorie dietary

supplements. Feeding tube. Extraction of primary

teeth.

Considering all the tissues and cells

in your body, 25 million new cells

are being produced each second.

That's a little less than the

population of Canada - every

second!

Our eyes can distinguish up to one

million colour surfaces and take in

more information than the largest

telescope known to man.

Our blood is on a 60,000-mile

journey.

In one square inch of our hand we

have nine feet of blood vessels, 600

pain sensors, 9000 nerve endings,

36 heat sensors and 75 pressure

sensors.

Drugs known as farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), which were developed for treating cancer, have shown promise in laboratory studies in correcting the cell defects that cause progeria. FTIs are currently being studied in human clinical trials for treatment of progeria.

When we touch something, we

send a message to our brain at 124

mph.

Our lungs inhale over two million

litres of air every day, without even

thinking. They are large enough to

cover a tennis court.

We give birth to 100 billion red

cells every day.

A red blood cell can circumnavigate

your body in less than 20 seconds.

We exercise at least 30 muscles

when we smile…..so smile….

By Mai Mohammad Mansour Fifth year medicine (undergraduate)


Mohammed Sabry Rostom Fifth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

Modern technology reveals that

ancient Egyptians, including a

princess of noble blood, suffered from

coronary artery disease, according to a

new report.

The Horus study, which used whole-

body computerized tomography (CT)

scanning to visualize the arteries of 52

ancient Egyptian mummies, found

that atherosclerosis -- plaque build-up

in the arteries -- was common among

a group of middle-age and older

ancient Egyptians.

"Overall, it was striking how much

atherosclerosis we found," Dr. Gregory

S. Thomas, director of nuclear

cardiology education at the University

of California, Irvine, and co-principal

investigator of the study, said in a

news release from the European

Society of Cardiology. "We think of

atherosclerosis as a disease of modern

lifestyle, but it's clear that it also

existed 3,500 years ago," he said. "Our

findings certainly call into question

the perception of atherosclerosis as a

modern disease."

The study, slated for presentation

Tuesday at the International

Conference of Non-Invasive

Cardiovascular Imaging, in

Amsterdam, found that recognizable

arteries were present in 44 of the 52

mummies scanned. Arterial

calcification, a marker of

atherosclerosis, was also evident in

almost half of the mummies scanned.

Atherosclerosis in the coronary

arteries was evident in three of the

mummies investigated, including

Princess Ahmose-Meryet-Amon, a

noble who lived in Thebes (Luxor)

between 1580 and 1550 B.C.

"Today, she would have needed bypass

surgery," Thomas said.


The princess, who died in her 40s,

probably would have eaten a diet rich

in vegetables and fruit and with

limited servings of meat. The

researchers also noted that wheat and

barley were dietary staples during this

period of ancient Egypt and

that tobacco and trans-fats were still

unknown.

Considering the relatively healthy

and active lifestyle in ancient Egypt,

Thomas and his co-principal

investigator, Dr. Adel Allam of Al

Azhar University in Cairo, offered

three possible causes for the incidents

of atherosclerosis, including: There may still be some unknown

risk factors for cardiovascular

disease, or a gap in researchers'

understanding of it.

Genetics may predispose a person

to developing atherosclerosis.

Parasitic infections, which were

common among ancient Egyptians,

may have caused an inflammatory

response that put these humans at

risk for coronary disease.

The researchers also pointed out that

diet may still have played a role in

coronary artery disease in ancient

Egypt, at least in the case of the

princess. As nobility, they said, she

may not have shared the same diet as

a common Egyptian and could have

enjoyed more meals rich in meat,

butter and cheese. During this period

in history, foods were also preserved

in salt, which may also have had an

adverse effect.

14


Source:

European society of cardiology, new

release, May 17, 2011

Mohammed Adel El-Nemr

Fifth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

"What once seemed like far-fetched

science fiction is now fast becoming a reality"

Radioactive seed implants

Radioactive seed implants, also called brachytherapy, is used to treat early stage prostate cancer. Small rice-sized radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate by using a tube-like needle. The radioactive emissions from the seeds attack the tumour in a similar way to external radiation. The radiation usually only travels for a very short distance, and does not adversely affect the area around the prostate, as can radiotherapy. It is a bit like sneaking a bomb into enemy territory.

Bionic eye

Until recently, the ability to restore sight was just not something we could get right. But that seems to be changing.

There are a number of amazing techniques in the pipeline, but the bionic eye makes our list for its glittering sci-fi appeal. A grid of electrodes is surgically planted into the eye to form an artificial retina. But this retina does not see by itself: a small camera is mounted on a special pair of glasses. The information is then processed by a small computer, and wirelessly transmitted to the artificial retina. As yet, these bionic eyes are only delivering very poor and rudimentary vision. But, this is the kind of technology that can only get better.

Deep brain stimulation

With deep brain stimulation, electrodes are implanted into particular areas of the brain. From here, wires run under the skin to a neurostimulator implanted in the chest. The technique has been used with some success for Parkinson’s disease and is being put on trial as a treatment for depression. Exactly why electrical pulses may send your blues packing is still unknown. In whatever way it works, an implant that regulates your mood sounds so sci-fi that it was always going to make our list.


Hydraulic penal implants

When medication fails to get rid of erectile dysfunction, the next step may well be a penile implant. Hydraulic penile implants consist of three main parts: two cylinders that are implanted into the penis, a pump implanted into the scrotum, and a fluid reservoir in the lower abdomen. When a man wants an erection, he simply uses the pump to pump liquid into the cylinders, which makes them expand, and the penis erect. There are some risks associated with implanting these devices. But they do have a remarkably good satisfaction rate.

This one makes our list for the innovative way in which it applies simple engineering principles inside the body.

Heart pumps Imagine you are feeling a bit tired. You feel light-headed, and your heart is struggling. You sit down, plug yourself into the wall socket, and soon everything clears up and your heart is beating normally again. So-called heart pumps help the hearts of certain heart failure patients pump more blood. Effectively, these pumps take over the work of one or two of the lower heart ventricles. The implanted pump is powered by batteries which are carried outside the body. And in some cases, patients can power their pumps by plugging them directly into a wall socket.


Horizontal:

1-Granulomatous disease.

2-Pelvic bone.

3-Common site of abdominal hernia.

4-Common viral infection affecting school children causes swelling of parotid gland.

5-Cranial nerve (reversed).

6-Process of synthesis of complex molecules (reversed).

7-Synthetic male sex hormone with anabolic effect.

Vertical:

a)Group of synthetic antibiotics.

b)Viral disease appears in children after incubation period of 8-15 days with( Koplik's spots ).

c)Female erectile tissue that counterparts penis.

d)Terminal part of small intestine.

e)Highly malignant tumour of skin.

f)Condition of abnormal low weight & weakness associated with chronic disease. By Mohammed Eliwa &

Bassem mohammed

Fifth year medicine (undergraduate)

AMR YOUSSEF SHARAF

Sixth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

Twenty-five years ago, typical

appendectomy patients could expect

to spend as many as seven days in the

hospital and the rest of their lives with

a two-inch scar on their bellies.

With the rise of laparoscopic surgery

in the late 1980s, appendectomy

became a much simpler and less

painful affair: it rarely requires a

hospital stay and leaves just three

scars, each no more than a half-inch

long. But even that minimally invasive

procedure wasn't minimal enough for

Jeff Scholz, a 40-year-old clothing

manufacturer from La Jolla, Calif.

Scholz was the first person in

the United States to have his

appendix removed through his

mouth.

Prepare to cringe—the era of

natural orifice surgery is

underway.

The "latest rage" in minimally

invasive surgery (MIS) is NOTES, the

use of the flexible endoscope to enter

the GI, urinary, or reproductive tracts,

then traverse the wall of the structure

to enter the peritoneal cavity, the

mediastinum or the chest. In fact,

transluminal surgery has been

performed in the stomach for a long

time, either from the inside out (e.g.

percutaneous and transgastric

pseudocyst drainage) or from the

outside in (e.g., laparoscopic assisted

intragastric tumor resection).

Although some of these applications

are still considered experimental,

there is little doubt that when

equivalent operations can be

performed with less pain, fewer

scars, and less disability, patients

will flock to it.

Surgeons should engage only when

they can perform these procedures

with the safety and efficacy demanded

by our profession. `



By Professors:

Soheir S. Kamel

Samir N. Assaad

Mohammad K. Ghitany

Manal A. Aboulfadl

University of Alexandria, EGYPT

Presented at the International

Congress of Endocrinology (ICE) –

Rio De Janeiro – Brazil 2008

The prevalence of HCV in Egypt

varies in different regions (from 6 to 28 %). Apart from hepatic involvement, HCV can be associated, among others, with renal, cutaneous and thyroid affection. Thyroid involvement is believed to be due to activation of thyroid specific CD4 T lymphocytes by viral antigens. Moreover, interferon-α (IFN α) therapy can activate the immune response exaggerating thyroid autoimmunity, and can influence directly thyroid hormone synthesis and release. The percentage and type of thyroid dysfunction associated with HCV vary in different countries. We have studied 60 patients suffering from mild to moderate chronic HCV hepatitis. Thirty subjects had received IFN α and ribavirin therapy for 3-6 months (group I). The remaining 30 patients had no

treatment (group II). Twenty healthy age and sex matched individual served as control. Measurement of serum free T4, TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Ab) and thyroid ultrasonography were performed in all subjects.

In group I, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were observed in 13.4 %, 6.7 %, and 6.7 % of patients, respectively. In group II, 13.4 % of patients had overt hypothyroidism. TPO Ab was positive in 33% of group I patients, and in 20 % of group II (p= 0.125). Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 75 % of TPO Ab positive patients. While all TPO negative had normal serum free T4 and TSH.

Abnormal thyroid ultrasonography was detected in 53 % of both group I and II subjects. In conclusion, HCV patients have the risk to develop thyroid dysfunction . IFN α therapy tends to exaggerate this risk. Hypothyroidism is more common in these patients than hyperthyroidism. The presence of TPO Ab is a major predisposing factor for the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction among HCV patients. Think with us…

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Interferon-α therapy for

Hepatitis C virus can be associated with:

a- Destructive thyrotoxicosis

b- Graves' thyrotoxicosis c- Hypothyroidism d- All of the above

2. The risk of thyroid dysfunction in Hepatitis C virus patients after interferon-α therapy is:

a- the same b- double c- triple d- decreased

3. True or False: a- Positive thyroid

peroxidase antibodies predict the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in Hepatitis C virus patients

b- Hypothyroidism is the predominant form of thyroid dysfunction among patients with Hepatitis C virus.

16

Journal of Alexandria Medical Students

Dr. Nihal El Habachi

ASS. Prof. of Physiology and Director of Alex. CRC

What is Research?

Research is the systematic

investigation designed to develop or

contribute to generalizable knowledge.

What is Clinical Research?

Research that uses Human

Subjects

A human subject is a living

individual about whom a

researcher obtains either:

Data through interaction or

intervention with the individual

• Any bodily materials (cells,

blood, urine, organs, nail

clippings, hair).

• Leftover diagnostic

specimens that would have

been discarded.

Medical information.

What is Clinical Research

Unit?

CRU can serve as a gateway to foster

the growth of clinical research by

means of the highest ethical and

scientific standards in a time sensitive

and cost effective manner.

Categories of Human Subject

Research

Social/Behavioral

Research that deals with human

attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

Biomedical

The study of human physiology and

the treatment or understanding of

disease such as CLINICAL TRIALS.

What is a Clinical Trial?

A research study to test new

treatments in people for specific

illnesses or conditions (Malaria, HIV,

Cancer, etc.).

Clinical Trials are the fastest and

safest way to find out which

treatments work.

Definition of Clinical Trials

PRE-PLANNED usually controlled

studies of the safety, efficacy, or

optimum dosage schedule of one or

more diagnostic, therapeutic, or

prophylactic drugs in humans selected

according to pre-determined criteria


Medical notes:

of eligibility and observed for pre-

defined evidence of favorable and

unfavorable effects.

Goals of Clinical Trials

1. Finding Drugs or Treatments

that WORK.

2. Those that do NOT WORK.

To be continued…Keep in Touch…

Here's a list of 10 facts regarding

human organ anatomy:-

The definition of an organ is “a

collection of tissue than together

shares a common function.”

There are 78 different organs in

the human body.

Humans have 11 major organ

systems; these are the muscular,

endocrine, digestive,

circulatory, lymphatic,

integumentary, nervous,

reproductive, respiratory,

skeletal and excretory systems.

Organs can be found in all

higher biological organisms,

also in plants.

Some organ system work

together or overlap. An example

is the muscular and skeletal

system. This is often referred to

as the musculoskeletal system.

There are six vital organs in the

human body. Without these we

will die. The vital organs are the

brain, the heart, the liver the

kidneys, the lungs and the

pancreas.

The largest human organ is the

skin, obviously in surface but

also in weight.

The liver is our second largest

organ.

The smallest human organ is the

pineal gland and is located close

to the center of the brain.

The least important organ in our

body has for a long time thought

to be the appendix, since the

purpose of it has not been

discovered. Recent studies

however indicate that it

produces and protects good

bacteria, which help us digest

food.

The smallest bone is the human

body is the stirrup which is

located in the ear, while the

largest is the femur, which is the

thigh bone.

By Amr El Daqaq Fifth year medicine (undergraduate )


33


Mohammed Abd El-fattah

Fifth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

Ooh…you will talk about Nobel

Prize; it's my dream….. Really, so

you know about it? …Ooh, of

course!!! Faithfully not so much …

Okay let's know about it …

The Nobel Prize is named after

Alfred Nobel, who made a fortune

in the munitions industry after

inventing dynamite. When he died

in 1896, Nobel’s estate was worth

more than 33 million kronor with

one year’s interest from the fortune

equal to the annual budget of

Sweden’s greatest university.

Nobel’s will, written in 1895,

dedicated the majority of this estate

to prizes for those who had

“conferred the greatest benefit on

mankind” by making “the most

important discovery or invention”

in the fields of physics, chemistry

and physiology or medicine. In

1901, five years after Nobel’s death,

the first Nobel Prizes were

awarded.

But, What about The Nobel Prize in

Medicine?

Alfred Nobel had an active interest

in medical research. Physiology or

medicine was the third prize area

Nobel mentioned in his will.

“The said interest shall be divided

into five equal parts, which shall

be apportioned as follows: /- - -/

one part to the person who shall

have made the most important

discovery within the domain of

physiology or medicine ...”

(Excerpt from the will of Alfred

Nobel)

In 1901, Emil von Behring was

awarded the first Nobel Prize in

Physiology or Medicine for his

work on serum therapy,

particularly for its use in the

treatment of diphtheria. The

Medicine Prize has subsequently

highlighted a number of important

discoveries including penicillin,

genetic engineering and blood-

typing. The Nobel Prize in

33


Physiology or Medicine is awarded

by the Nobel Assembly at

Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.

But, you don't tell me, who are the

last winner, and for what? …

Okay let's know about The Nobel

Prize in Physiology or Medicine

2010 which was awarded to Robert

G. Edwards "for the development of

in vitro fertilization".

But in the next volume … keep in

touch...

It's your turn now… Do you want to share with us???

Here, we will discuss new cases …and think about them …and sometimes know how to deal with

them…

Compete with your colleagues … who will answer these cases first??

Let us discuss …and compete with us!!!

1-A 65-year-old miner has lost 7 kgs weight within two months, has presented with cough and

blood streaked sputum. He was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis 10 years ago. He also has

drooping of his eyelid for one month. On physical examination, there is ptosis of the left eye and

pupillary miosis. Chest X-ray revealed round opacification in the left upper apical lobe. What is the

most probable diagnosis?

a) Secondary tuberculosis

b) Adenocarcinoma

c) Squamous cells carcinoma

d) Asbestosis

2-A 44-year-old man complains of

recurrent syncope associated with upper

extremity exercise. What is the MOST

likely cause? & how do you confirm that?

(A) Trigeminal neuralgia

(B) Hypoglycemia

(C) Carotid sinus hypersensitivity

(D) Subclavian steal syndrome

(E) Vasovagal syncope

We will discuss the answers in the next

issue... Keep in touch

Yehia Atitto Mohammmed Fifth Year Medicine (Undergraduate)

Here, your Name will be bright.

Send your answers to us. And be the first

one to share.

Send to our e-mail

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Here, we will announce the first 5 winners

who answer our cases correctly and

quickly.

We wait for your answers. Don't be

late


We want to thank all our professors who help and encourage us in this issue

and the board of professors who revise the articles and of course the

management of our faculty

Also we want to thank our colleagues who participate in issue the first issue of

jams and who help jams to get out into the light…

Alyaa Adel.

Amr El-Daqaq.

Amr Youssef Sharaf.

Bassem Mohammed AbdelGhany.

Basem Gamal.

Mai Mohammad Mansour.

Mai Al Kosiry.

Mohammed Abd Elfattah.

Mohamed Abd El-Moneim Ghonaim.

Mohammed Abd-Rabboh Attia (MAAB).

Mohammed El-Nemr.

Mohammed Eliwa.

Mohammed Esaam Abdou.

Mohammed Kamal Seliman.

Mohammed Mostafa Abd El-Hameed.

Mohammed Saad.

Mohammed Sabry Rostom.

Mohammed Wagdi.

Mohammed Zaatout.

Yehia Attito Mohamed.


http://www.facebook.com/Mohammed.AbdRabboh

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