Nicholas Harris

Illustrations byGary Hincks and Nicki Palin

ABBREVIATIONSUSED IN THIS ATLAS

Br. (Great) BritainFr. FranceI. IslandIs. Islandskm kilometresL. LakeMts MountainsUS United States

First published in 2012 by Orpheus Books Ltd.,6 Church Green, Witney, Oxfordshire, OX28 4AW, England

wwwwww..oorrpphheeuussbbooookkss..ccoomm

Copyright © 2012 Orpheus Books Ltd.

CCrreeaatteedd aanndd pprroodduucceedd bbyy Nicholas Harris, Sarah Hartley, Katie Sexton, Ruth Symons

and Erica Williams, Orpheus Books Ltd.

TTeexxtt Nicholas Harris

IIlllluussttrraattoorrss Gary Hincks and Nicki Palin

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

ISBN 978 1 7418 3787 3

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

Printed and bound in China

54

24 NORTHERNAFRICA

26 SOUTHERNAFRICA

28 CANADA

30 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

32 MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA

34 SOUTH AMERICA

36 THE POLES

38 PLANET EARTH

40 WORLD NATIONS

46 INDEX

6 WORLD BIOMES

7 THE MAPS

8 NORTHERN EUROPE

10 WESTERN EUROPE

12 SOUTHERN EUROPE

14 RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA

16 THE MIDDLE EAST

18 INDIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

20 CHINA AND JAPAN

22 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

HE WORLD is round (although not quite a perfect ball or sphere

shape: it is wider round the Equator, its middle, than from Pole

to Pole). So, to make a map of the world appear on a flat page,

the world’s curved surface must be flattened out and parts of it

stretched. The world map on pages 6-7 is the result.

The maps in this atlas show different regions of the world. Look for the

little world map printed on each page. The part shaded red shows where in

the world that region is situated.

C

N O R T H

A M E R I C A

S O U T H

A M E R I C A

Solomon Is.

Fiji

Tonga

Samoa

NewCaledonia

Ob

S a h a r a D e s e r t

G o b i

Equator

A S I A

E U R O P E

A U S T R A L I A

A F R I C A

P A C I F I C O C E A N

PAC I F I C O C E A NAT L A N T I C

O C E A N

S O U T H E R N O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

ARC T I C O C E AN

Svalbard

Iceland

New Guinea

NewZealand

Hawaiian Is.

FrenchPolynesia

Galápagos Is.

CapeVerde Is.

Azores

Seychelles

Kergeulen Is.

Marshall Is.

Hawaiian Is.

Kiribati

Amazon

R

ocky

Mts.

Nile

UralMt s

.

Himalayas

Aleutian Is.

Scale4000 km0

And

es

CanaryIs.

The maps in this atlas have been specially drawn to show

where different kinds of biomes are found.

Arctic lands(tundra)

Mountains

Desert

Forest andwoodlands

Coniferousforest

Farmland

Marshes

Rivers and lakes

Grassland

A scale bar (below) tells us how far

distances on the map are in the

real world. You can use it to work

out longer or shorter distances.

Boundaries between countries are

shown in this atlas by red lines

(below left). Boundaries between

states within countries, or disputed

boundaries, are both shown by

broken lines (below right).

Scale200 km0

At the Poles, the oceans are covered by

floating ice. Tiny plants and animals,

called plankton, live in the water. They are

eaten by fish, seals, birds and whales.

A mountain range is an area of mountains

and deep valleys. The highest

mountaintops are covered with snow all

year round, even in tropical regions.

Woodlands have many trees growing close

together. They are found in parts of the

world that have a temperate climate: the

summers are warm, but winters are cool.

A desert is dry all year round. There is

almost no water or plants. The ground is

just bare rock or sand. Winds may cause

the sand to pile up in dunes.

The African grasslands are called the

savannah. The grassy landscape is dotted

with bushes and trees. The climate is hot,

with a dry season followed by a wet one.

Rainforests grow near the Equator. The

largest rainforest is Amazon rainforest in

South America. It is always hot and wet,

and home to many animals and plants.

he regions of the world where certaintypes of plants and animals live together—for example, woodlands, mountainsor marshes—are called habitats. Large

habitats, such as tropical rainforests, deserts or theoceans, are called biomes. Each biome is a huge areawhere the climate and conditions are similar. Forexample, all deserts are dry, while rainforests growwhere the climate isalways hot and wet. Greenland

T

76

Vänern

Åland

Gotland

Bornho

lm

Elbe

Vistula

Rhine

Danube

FINLAND

GERMANY

PO

LA

ND

ESTONIA

LA

TV

IA

LITHUANIA

AU

ST

RIA

SLOVAKIA

DENMARK

CZECH REPUBLIC

SWITZERLAND

(Part of Russia)

LIECHTENSTEIN

LA

PL

AN

D

Al

ps

BA

LT

IC

SE

A

GULF O

F BOTHNIA

Inari

Scale

300 km

0

ORW

AY, Sweden and

Denmark are

know

n as Scand

inavia. Tog

ether w

ith

Finland, th

ey are th

e most n

ortherly

European land

s. Central Europ

e lies

betw

een the Baltic Sea and the Alps. The

plains of n

orthern Germany, Denmark and

Poland

are fe

rtile. Evergreen fo

rests cover

upland

areas, as well as low-lying Finland.

Laplan

d is hom

e

to the

Lap

ps, o

r

Saam

i peo

ple. A few

still herd reinde

er,

a trad

itiona

l

way

of life.

Mou

ntains

cover much of

Austria and

Switzerlan

d. M

any

Austrian villa

ge

churches hav

e

onion-shap

ed

domes.

The River Rhine

in G

erman

y is

a major w

aterway. B

arge

s carry

good

s up

and

dow

n it. T

hey pa

ss

throug

h the Rhine

gorge

, a la

nd

of castles and

vine-covered

slop

es.

This m

an

shap

es a

blob

of

melted glass

by blowing

into it.

Glassblow

ing

is a tradition

al

indu

stry of

Poland

.

OULU

HEL

SINKI

TRONDHEIM

BER

GEN

OSLO

GÖTE

BORG

COPE

NHAGEN

STOCKHOLM

TALLINN

VILNIUS

GDANSK

WARSA

W

BER

LIN

HAMBURG

COLO

GNE FRANKFU

RT

MUNICH

ZÜRICH

GEN

EVA

VIENNA

BRAT

ISLA

VA

PRAGUE

KRAKOW

NO

RW

A

Y SWE

DE

N

RIGA

ICELAND

Northern

Scandinavia

is the Land of the

Midnight Sun. At

the height of

summer, the sun

never sets. But in

the depths of

winter, it never

rises.N

These sea inlets

in N

orway

’s coa

stlin

e

are called fjords.

98

REY

KJAVIK

HE WESTERN

land

s of Europ

e stretch

from

the windy, w

et Shetland

s in th

e

far n

orth to

the ho

t sou

thern coasts

of Spain and

Portugal. The Atlantic

Ocean brin

gs coo

ling breezes in sum

mer, but also

mild weather in winter. The western coasts of th

e

British Isles, Brittany and

northwestern Spain have

quite

frequent ra

infall. In th

e warmer, drie

r areas

of France, Spain and

Portugal, the climate is

perfect for vineyards.

FRANCE

SP

AI

N

KINGDOM

UNITED

P O R T U G A L

IRELAND

NETHERLANDS

BELGIUM

LUXEMBOURG

MONACO

ANDORRA

ATLA

NTIC

OCEA

NMED

ITER

RANEA

NSEA

NORT

HSEA

BAY OF BISC

AY

Shetland Is.

Meuse

Seine

Loire

Garonne

Ebro

Duero

Tagus

Guadalquivir

Balearic Islands

Mallorca

Gibralta

r (Br.)

Corsica

A l p s

EN

GL

AN

D

SCOTLAND

WALE

S

BRIT

TAN

Y

NORT

HER

NIRELANDGLA

SGOW

DUBLIN

MANCHES

TER

BIRMINGHAM

LONDON

BRU

SSEL

S

AMST

ERDAM

PARIS

BORDEA

UX

MARSE

ILLE

LYON

MADRID

BARCELONA

VALE

NCIA

SEVILLE

PORT

O

LISB

ON

BILBAO

Amsterda

m, c

apital of

the Nethe

rlan

ds, is a city

of fine old ho

uses, c

anals

and bridge

s.

The bu

ilding of

Ston

ehen

ge, E

ngland

, was

begu

n in abo

ut 350

0 BC,

1000

yea

rs before the

pyramids in Egy

pt. It

may

hav

e be

en a

plac

e to observe the

stars, or a temple of

worship. T

he stone

s

were qu

arried

300 km

away.

The ga

me of pétanque is very po

pular

in France. It is playe

d in m

ost towns and

villa

ges. The

object is to throw you

r ba

ll

as close as po

ssible to a sm

aller ba

ll.

Forests of

evergree

n oa

k tree

s

cover ab

out on

e

third of Portuga

l.

The ba

rk of these

tree

s is used to m

ake

cork. It is strippe

d

off an

d left to dry.

Then

it is steam

ed or

boiled an

d pressed

into she

ets read

y for

use. The

trees m

ay

prov

ide co

rk bark for

100 ye

ars or m

ore.

Scale

300 km

0

Rhône

ENGLISH

CHANNEL

The United Kingdom,

France,

Netherlands, Spain and

Portugal have all at one

time possessed great

overseas empires. In

fact, nearly all of the

Americas, Africa,

Oceania and much of

southern and southeast

Asia have been ruled by

one of these nations at

some time in their

history.

T

The ca

thed

ral o

f La

Sagrad

a Fa

milia (the

Sacred

Fam

ily) is one

of

the most am

azing

sigh

ts in

Barcelona

. Still

unfin

ishe

d toda

y, it is a

build

ing of soa

ring

towers an

d de

corated

ston

ework.

1110

Py

re

ne

es

HE LANDS of southern Europe

border the Mediterranean and

Black Seas. Italy and Greece are

made up of peninsulas and

islands. Rivers such as the Danube and its

tributaries, and the River Po in northern Italy,

flow across wide fertile plains, but most of

southern Europe is hilly or mountainous.

The ancient Greek civilization and the

Roman Empire both began and

spread across this region. Many

historic remains still stand today.

The Parliament Building of Hungary

stands on the eastern side of the River

Danube in the capital, Budapest.

The ruins of buildings that were once magnificent

temples are found all over Greece. This is Delphi, built

on the slopes of Mount Parnassus. For the ancient

Greeks, it was an important place of worship.

Southeast Europe is

home to many different

peoples and religions. This is

a Muslim girl from Bosnia

and Herzegovina.

Marshes grow

along the banks

of the Danube

near its mouth.

Here, white

pelicans come to

nest in large

numbers. They

use their pouched

bills to catch fish.

Building work began on the bell tower next to the

Cathedral at Pisa, Italy, more than 800 years ago.

Unfortunately, the ground beneath it was too soft and

the tower began to lean. Today, engineers have made

sure the Leaning Tower of Pisa will not fall over.

Scale200 km0

I T A L Y

R O M A N I A

G R E E C E

B U L G A R I A

H U N G A R Y

S E R B I A

SLOVENIA

BOSNIA AND

HERZEGOVINA

MONTENEGRO

MACEDONIA

MALTA

SANMARINO

VATICANCITYSTATE

M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A

ADRI A

TI C

SEA

T Y R RH EN I AN S E AAEGEANSEA

Po

Danube

Sava

Crete Rhodes

LesbosCorfu

Sardinia

Sicily

Al

ps

MILAN

TURINVENICE

NAPLES

ZAGREB

SARAJEVO

BELGRADE

BUDAPEST

BUCHAREST

SOFIA

ATHENS

ISTANBUL

C

RO

A T I A

TURK

EY

C a

rpath

ia

ns

BLACK

SEA

ROME

T he smallestcountry in the

world is the VaticanCity State. About oneeighth the size ofCentral Park, NewYork, it lies insideRome, capital ofItaly. The Vatican isthe home of the Pope.It has its ownnewspaper, bank andrailway station.

T

1312

ALBANIA

USSIA is the largest country in the

world. It stretches across two

continents, Europe and Asia. Most

of its people live in the European

part, to the west of the Ural Mountains.

Siberia, the Asian part, is a land of

mountains and forests. It is

bitterly cold for much of

the year.

Besides Russians,

about 100 different

peoples live in

Russia. This Nenets

woman lives in the

Arctic region of

Siberia.

The

Siberian crane

is 1.5 metres

tall. The male

bird sometimes

performs a kind

of dance.

RR UU SS SS II AA

MOSCOW

ARKHANGELSK

ROSTOVYEKATERINBURG

IRKUTSK

VLADIVOSTOK

OMSK

ARCTICOCEAN

SEA OFOKHOTSK

Lena

Ob

NovayaZemlya

Yenisei

Tunguska

Aral Sea

LakeBaikal

Sakhalin

Lake Balkhash

S I B E R I A

K A Z A K H S T A N

KYRGYZSTAN

UKRAINE

GEORGIA

ARMENIA

AZER-BAIJAN

BAKU

SAMARKAND

Casp

ianSe

a

Ural M

ountains

Trans-Siberian Railway

This train

travels on the

Trans-Siberian

Railway, the

longest railway in

the world. A trip

from Moscow to

Vladivostok takes

eight days.

This colourful building is

St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow,

the capital city of Russia.

This is the great

gateway of an

ancient Islamic

building in

Samarkand, a city

in Uzbekistan.

TAJIKISTAN

UZ BE

KI STAN

TU

RKMENISTAN

Scale800 km0

KamchatkaPeninsula

Volga

Amur

KIEV

L. Ladoga

ST. PETERSBURGMINSK

BELARUS

R

1514

KHARKOV

SAMARA

L ake Baikal isthe deepest

lake in the world.From surface tobottom, it is fourtimes the heightof the tallestskyscraper.

MOLDOVA

OUTHWESTERN ASIA is also knownas the Middle East. Much of thisregion is very dry, although parts ofthe Mediterranean coast and the

area lying between the Tigris andEuphrates rivers in Iraq are richly fertile. Theworld’s oldest farming settlements grew uphere. Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan aremountainous lands. Most of the ArabianPeninsula is desert.

Scale500 km0

A whirling

dervish from Turkey.

A Muslim worshipper,

he performs a

special dance.

The countries near the Persian Gulf have huge

amounts of oil. It is transported to other countries

around the world in tankers like this one.

The Bedouin are

nomads. They are a people

who do not live in one place

but wander with their

animals across the desert

lands of the Middle East.

The Wailing Wall

in Jerusalem is all

that remains of an

ancient Jewish

temple. Many Jews go

there to pray.

ISTANBUL

ANKARA

DAMASCUSBEIRUT

JEDDA

MECCA

RIYADHDUBAI

SAN‘A

ADEN

MUSCAT

SHIRAZ

TEHRAN

TABRIZ

BAGHDAD

MASHHADKABUL

T U R K E Y

I R A N

S A U D I A R A B I A

A F G H A N I S T A NI R A Q

S Y R I A

Y E M E N

J O R D A N

LEBANON

ISRAEL

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

BAHRAIN

QATAR

KUWAIT

CYPRUS

Ru b ‘ al K h a l i

(Empty Quar te

r)

RE

D

SE

A

ARABIANSEA

B L A C K S E A

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

C A S P I A N

S E A

Tigris

JERUSALEM

K U R D I S T A N

O

MA

N

P

ERS I A N

G U L F

The ancient city of San‘a is the capital

of Yemen. Lining its narrow, winding streets

are these tall, carefully decorated houses.

Built of stone and mud-brick with patterns

made out of plaster, these early

“skyscrapers” are hundreds of years old.

T he Kurds donot have

a country of theirown. Their land,Kurdistan, stretchesacross Turkey, Iraqand Iran.

S

1716

Euphrates

NDIA has the world’s second highestpopulation after China. Most of itspeople live in the countryside. India’sbest farmland is found in the plains of

the River Ganges.To the north lie theHimalayas, the world’s highest mountains.Across the Thar Desert in the east is Pakistan,another country with a large population. Travelling east, we reach the tropical

rainforests of Southeast Asia. In manyparts, the trees are being felled tomake way for farmland, cities,

reservoirs or quarries.

For followers of

the Hindu religion,

the Ganges, like

many of India’s

rivers, is a holy river.

People have their

ashes scattered in it

after they die.

Worshippers come

to holy places, such

as Varanasi, and

bathe in the water.

Puppet shows are

popular in Java,

Indonesia.The puppets are

carefully made out of flat

card and moved by wires.

Rice is the main

crop of Southeast

Asia. It is grown in

waterlogged fields

called paddies. In

hilly areas, steps are

built into the slopes

so that the

floodwaters do not

flow away. This

person is planting

rice in paddies in

Vietnam.

“Giraffe-necked”

women of Padaung,

Burma, wear brass

rings to make their

necks grow longer.

Scale800 km0

B AY O FB E N G A L

S O U T HC H I N AS E A

I N D I A NO C E A N

Indus

Ganges

Irrawaddy

Sumatra

B o r n e o

Celebes WestIrian

J a v aBali

Flores

AndamanIslands(India)

EASTTIMOR

KARACHI TharDesert

LAHORE

DELHI

VARANASI

KOLKATA)

MUMBAI

CHENNAI

COLOMBO

DHAKA

YANGON

BANGKOK

HO CHI MINHCITY

KUALA LUMPUR

JAKARTA

BHUTAN

BANGLADESH

CAMBODIA

BRUNEI

SINGAPORE

MALDIVES

N E PA L

T H A I L A N D

LAOS

VIETNAM

SRI LANKA

BURMA(MYANMAR)

M A L A Y S I A

HANOI

Elephants are

still used in Thailand

to clear forests and

haul logs.

I N D I A

I N D O N E S I A

Hi m a l a y a s

Mekong

Mo

lu

cca

s

1918

P A K I S T A N

KASHMIR

I ndonesia has themost active

volcanoes in the world:86. Tambora, whicherupted in 1815, causedabout 92,000 deaths.

P H I L I P P I N E S

MANILA

I

HINA has the highest population ofany country in the world. About afifth of the world’s people livethere. The mountains and deserts

of the west are mostly empty. Eastern Chinahas rich farmland and great cities. Japan ismade up of four main islands.Thousands of earthquakeshappen there every year.

Japan’s capital, Tokyo, is

one of the largest cities in

the world. The

underground

trains are very

crowded.

CC HH II NN AA

ULAN BATOR

HARBIN

BEIJINGTIANJIN

SHENYANG

SEOUL

TOKYO

KYOTO

OSAKA

SHANGHAI

NANJING

WUHAN

GUANGZHOU

TAIPEI

HONG KONG

CHONGQING

LANZHOU

PYONGYANG

T I B E T

M O N G O L I A

T a k l a M a k a n

XI’AN

HANGZHOU

M A N C H U R I A

GUIYANG

KITAKYUSHU

On some

Chinese rivers,

fishermen train

cormorants to catch

fish for them.

The Great Wall

of China was built

to stop raiders from

the north invading

China. The Wall is

more than 3000

kilometres long and

is the largest

structure ever built

by people. It took

many centuries to

complete it.

In the Tibetan

mountains, people

live by herding yaks.

This woman is churning

yak’s milk into butter.

Buddhism is one

of the religions of

Japan. A pagoda is

a sacred place of

Buddhist worship.

Scale800 km0

TAIWAN

NORTH KOREA

SOUTHKOREA

J A PA NG o b i

E A S TC H I N AS E A

S E A O FJ A PA N

Y E L LOWS E A

Hainan

Huang

Yangtse

H

im

al

ay a s

Grand Canal

Salween

Mekon

Ryu

kyuIs.

T he main language of China isMandarin. There are many spoken

versions, but only one kind of writing,which everyone can understand.

C

2120

USTRALIA and New Zealandare part of Oceania. Thisregion also includes PapuaNew Guinea and the islands of

the Pacific Ocean (see pages 6-7).Australia is large enough to be a

continent itself. Nearly all its inhabitantslive near the southeastern and south -western coasts. Here also are Australia’sfarmland and vineyards. The rest of thecountry is almost empty. Most of thewestern and central regions, known asthe outback, are dry grassland or desert. New Zealand is made up of two large

mountainous islands. Its warm, rainyclimate is perfect for farming.

Scale500 km0

Many of Australia’s amazing

animals and birds are found

nowhere else. This is a rainbow

lorikeet.

Sydney,

Australia’s largest

city, is built around

a natural harbour.

Its most famous

landmarks are the

Harbour Bridge and

the “sail-roofed”

Opera House.

New Zealand was

first inhabited by

people only about 1000

years ago. The first

settlers were the

Maoris. They were

fierce warriors. Today,

people of Maori

descent live in New

Zealand’s towns and

cities. But they still

keep alive the art,

language and dances of

their ancestors.A “road train”, a truck

pulling several trailers,

thunders across Australia’s

outback, alarming a group

of kangaroos.

A U S T R A L I A

N E WZ E A L A N D

N O R T H E R N

T E R R I T O R Y

S O U T H

A U S T R A L I A

W E S T E R N

A U S T R A L I A

Q U E E N S L A N D

N E W

S O U T H

WA L E S

V I C T O R I A

TA S M A N I A

PERTHSYDNEYADELAIDE

MELBOURNE

CANBERRA

BRISBANE

AUCKLAND

WELLINGTONTASMAN SEA

IND IANOCEAN

NorthIsland

SouthIsland

Darlin

g

LakeEyre

DARWIN

Great Barrier Reef

Murray

T he Great BarrierReef, just off

Australia’s northeastcoast, is the world’slargest living thing.More than 2000kilometres long, thereef is made of coral,the skeletons of tinycreatures. It is home tomany kinds of fish.

ASheep farming

is very important in

both Australia and

New Zealand.

Together, they have

more than 200

million sheep! Here,

a shearer removes

the fleece of a

Merino sheep.

2322

(A)JOB:E3-4342 TITLE:FIRST ATLAS

E8-AC10670 (800A #150) DTP:44 PAGE:NORTH AFRICA

The Berbers

come from Morocco.

Each year, Berber

girls dress in a

special costume and

go to a ceremony

where they are

chosen as brides.

The Wodaabe

people of Niger

live by herding

cattle and sheep

in the dry

grasslands close

to the Sahara

Desert. The men

wear special

make-up for

performing a

courtship dance.

HE SAHARA is the largest hot

desert in the world. It stretches

right across North Africa, from

the Atlantic Ocean to the Red

Sea. The only river that runs across it is the

Nile, the world’s longest river. There is

farmland close to its banks.

If you travel south from the Sahara, you

will come across grassy plains. Near the

West African coast there is some thick

rainforest, although many trees

have been cut down to make

more room for farmland.

The Sahara is

a vast, dry

desert. But there

are some places

where water can

be found. These

are called oases.

This is a

fruit market in

West Africa.

People carrying

containers

around on their

heads are a

common sight.

The ancient

Egyptian pyramids are

about 4500 years

old.

Scale800 km0

M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A

RED

SEA

G U L F O F G U I N E A

Nile

Niger

LakeChad

S a h a r a D e s e r t

ALGIERS

CASABLANCATUNIS

ACCRA

CAIRO

KHARTOUM

ADDIS ABABA

LAGOS

DAKAR

A L G E R I A

L I B Y A

E G Y P T

M A L I

N I G E R C H A D S U D A N

S O U T H

S U D A N

E T H I O P I A

GUINEA-BISSAU

THE GAMBIA

EQUATORIALGUINEA

WESTERNSAHARA

SENEGAL

SIERRALEONE

LIBERIA

BENIN

CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC

DJIBOUTI

TOGO

M O R O C C O

T U N I S I A

GU INEA

GHANA

C A M E R O O N

BURKINA FASO

CÔTED’IVOIRE

M A U R I T A N I A

N I G E R I A

TRIPOLI

E R I T R E A

SO

M

ALIA

ATL A

NT I

CO C E

A N

A t l as

Mount a

i ns

Most of the SaharaDesert is not sandy

at all, but covered withrock and gravel. Atnight, it is usuallyfreezing cold.

T

24

HE SOUTHERN half of

Africa also has deserts: the

Kalahari and the Namib in

the southwest. But most

of the region is covered either by

rainforest, in the Congo Basin, or dry

grasslands. The Great Rift Valley, a long

“crack” in the Earth’s surface, runs

down through East Africa, a region of

mountains, volcanoes and long lakes.

Africa is famous for the huge variety

of animals that roam across its plains.

Giraffes, wildebeests, elephants, zebras

and rhinoceroses live here, along with

predators such as lions, cheetahs and

hyenas.

Scale800 km0

Many Africans follow the

traditional religions of their ancestors.

Their worship involves dances in which

special clothes and masks, like this one

from Congo, are worn.

The Maasai

people come from

East Africa, where

they herd cattle.

They wear the same

beautiful ornaments

that their ancestors

did centuries ago.

Girls older than nine

adorn themselves

with colourful

necklaces and

fantastic earrings.

Many countries of Southern Africa

are rich in copper, diamonds, gold and

other minerals. Miners drill the rock

deep below the surface. Many local

people are employed in the mines.

Strange trees

called baobabs or

“bottle trees”

grow on

Madagascar. Their

trunks store water

in the dry months.

CAPE TOWN

JOHANNESBURGMAPUTO

LUSAKA

HARARE

LUANDA

LUBUMBASHI

DAR ES SALAAM

NAIROBI

KINSHASA

ANTANANARIVO

C O N G O

A N G O L A

T A N Z A N I A

G A B O N

Z A M B I A

NAMIB IA

SOUTHAFR ICA

K E N Y A

Z I M B A BW E

B O T S WA N A

UGANDA

CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE

M A D A G A S C A R

MALAWI

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

RWANDA

BURUNDI

COMOROS

(Angola)

I N D I A N

O C E A N

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

K a l a h a r iD e s e r t

Orange

Kasai

Congo

Zambezi

LakeNyasa

LakeVictoria

Cape ofGood Hope

MO

ZA

MB

IQ

U

ELi

mpopo

Nami b

Deser t

Savannah, dry

grassland with open

woodland, covers the

East African plains.

Herds of animals,

such as giraffes and

zebras, live here.

T housands of tourists visit

Africa’s wildlife parks,where the animals areprotected by law.Unfortunately, manyanimals, such aselephants and rhinos,are killed bypoachers, who thencut off and sell theirtusks and horns. Someanimals are nowendangered.

T

2726

Q U É B E C

The Canadian

Pacific Railway was

completed more than

100 years ago. It links

Canada’s eastern and

western coasts. Here, it

crosses the spectacular

Rocky Mountains. The

trains mostly carry

cargo, although the

route is also popular

with tourists.

The Inuit

live in northern

Canada and

Greenland. Many

Inuit still hunt

whales, seals and

caribou. Nowadays they

use modern equipment

such as snowmobiles

and rifles.

Scale600 km0

TORONTO

MONTRÉAL

QUÉBEC

GREENLAND((DDeennmmaarrkk))

HUDSON

BAY

BAFFIN

BAY

O N TA R I O

Q U É B E C

NEW

BRUNSWICK

NOVA

SCOTIA

PR. EDWARD I.

LakeSuperior

Lake Huron

L. Ontario

L. Erie

St. Law

rence

N E WF O

UND

LAND

B a f f i nI s l a

nd

ATLANTIC OCEAN

OTTAWA

ANADA is the second largest country in

the world, after Russia.The northern

region of Canada, known as tundra, is a

frozen wasteland for about nine months

of the year. Further south lie vast coniferous

forests. Rising in the west are the craggy Rocky

and Coast Mountains. Nearly all Canada’s cities lie

close to the border with the USA and in the fertile

grasslands known as the prairies. Alaska, a state

of the USA, is a land of tundra and forests.

C

29

This pipeline

carries oil across

Alaska. It is built above

the ground so that

caribou can pass

underneath it.

For many years, the native

peoples of Canada’s western

coast carved totem poles. The

poles stand at the doorways of

their village homes. The wood

carvings show figures and

animals that were important in

the history of their families.

ANCHORAGE

VANCOUVER

EDMONTON

CALGARY

REGINA

WINNIPEG

C A N A D A

AA LL AA SS KK AA((UUSS)) ARCTIC

OCEAN

Y U KO N

N O R T H W E S T

T E R R I T O R I E S

N U N AV U T

B R I T I S H

C O L U M B I A

A L B E R TA

S A S K AT C H E WA N

M A N I T O B A

EllesmereIsland

VictoriaIsland

BanksIsland

GreatBear Lake

GreatSlave Lake

Yukon

PACI FIC

OCEAN

Mackenzie

Ro

ck

yM

ou

nt

ain

s

Saska

tchewan

C anada has twolanguages, English andFrench. The French were thefirst Europeans to settleCanada but the British woncontrol after a war. French isstill spoken in the province ofQuébec, English elsewhere.

28

Grey

wolves roam

the forests

and tundra of

Canada.

HE United States stretches from Atlantic to

Pacific coasts of North America. The

eastern USA is made up of the wooded

Appalachian Mountains and fertile plains.

The centre of the country, the Mississippi lowlands,

is mainly farmland. In the west, the landscape is

mountainous. Here the climate, apart from on the

Pacific coast, is much drier.

Once settled only by Native Americans, the

USA is now home to people who came from

all over the world to live there.

The centres of many

American cities are often

crowded with skyscrapers.

Seattle, in the northwest,

also has the Space Needle.

From the top there is a

superb view of the city and

the mountains nearby.

SEATTLE

LOS ANGELES

SALT LAKE CITY

PHOENIX

DENVER

MINNEAPOLIS

CHICAGO

ST. LOUISKANSAS CITY

DALLAS

HOUSTON

DETROIT

CLEVELAND

ATLANTA

NEW ORLEANS

MIAMI

NEW YORK

PHILADELPHIA

BOSTON

WASHINGTON

T E X A S

C A L I F O R N I A

M O N TA N A

O R E G O N

N E V A D A

I D A H O

W YO M I N G

K A N S A S

A R I Z O N AN E W

M E X I C O

I OWA

F L O R I D A

U TA H

WA S H I N G T O N

C O L O R A D O

O K L A H O M A

N E B R A S K A

N O R T HD A KO TA

O H I O

S O U T HD A KO TA

M I N N E S O TA

W I S C O N S I N

I L L I N O I S

M I S S O U R I

G E O R G I A

T E N N E S S E E

K E N T U C K Y

A L A B A M A

I N D I A N A

A R K A N S A S

M I S S I S S I P P I

L O U I S I A N A

S O U T HC A R O L I N A

N O R T H C A R O L I N A

N E WY O R K

WESTVIRGINIA

V I R G I N I A

PENNSYLVANIA

M A I N E

NEW JERSEY

DELAWARE

H AWA I I

VT.N.H.

MASS.

CONN.R.I.

MD.

Ap p

a la c

h ia n

Mt s.

Snake

Colorado

Arkansas Mississippi

Missouri

Ohio

Lake Superior

L. Michigan

LakeHuron

L. Erie

LakeOntario

GULF OF

MEXICO

MI C

HI G

A

N

Rocky

Mts.

PACI F

I COCEAN

ATLANTICOC

EAN

HONOLULU

RioGrande

Baseball is a popular

summer sport in the USA. It is

played between two teams of

nine players on a diamond-

shaped pitch. Batters attempt

to strike a ball thrown towards

them by a pitcher.

SAN FRANCISCO

Scale0

C alifornia lies across a giantcrack in the Earth’s surface called the San AndreasFault. Here there is an ever-present risk of a majorearthquake. The last onedestroyed San Francisco in 1906.

CONN. CONNECTICUT N.H. NEW HAMPSHIRE MASS. MASSACHUSETTS MD. MARYLANDR.I. RHODE ISLANDVT. VERMONT

500 kmT

The Statue of

Liberty stands on an

island at the

entrance to New

York harbour. The

copper statue was

built as a gift of

friendship from

France to the USA.

The Everglades are a large

area of wetlands in southern

Florida. Some people want to

drain part of the land, a haven

for rare animals such as

alligators and wading birds, for

farms.

Cotton is an important

crop in the south. It was

once hand-picked by black

slaves brought by force from

Africa. Now modern

machines do the job.

3130

U N I T E D S TAT E S O F A M E R I C A

EXICO and the Central American

countries stretch from the United

States in the north to South America

in the south. A mountain chain runs

all the way down. There are many active

volcanoes and the land is regularly shaken by

earthquakes, too. In the north the climate is dry,

but further south there is tropical rainforest.

The Caribbean islands have a hot, wet climate.

They often suffer fierce hurricanes.

Scale400 km0

MONTERREY

MEXICALI

GUADALAJARA

MEXICO CITY

MÉRIDA

HAVANAM E X I C O

GUATEMALA

HONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTARICA PANAMA

C U B A

H A I T I

JAMAICA

BELIZE

ELSALVADOR

DOMINICANREPUBLIC

BAHAMAS

ANTIGUA

ST. KITTS& NEVIS

DOMINICA

ST. LUCIA

ST. VINCENT ANDTHE GRENADINES

BARBADOS

NETHERLANDSANTILLES

TRINIDAD ANDTOBAGO

GRENADA

PUERTO RICO(US)

ANGUILLA (Br.)

VIRGIN IS.(Br. & US)

GUADELOUPE(Fr.)

MARTINIQUE(Fr.)

TURKS &CAICOS IS.

(Br.)

GULF OFMEX ICO

C A R I B B E A N S E A

Panama Canal

RioGrande

Sierra

Madre

P A C I F I C O C E A N

M

3332

Hand weaving is an

ancient Indian art that

still goes on in Mexico

and Guatemala. Each

region has its own

style.

Steel band music

is popular on every

Caribbean island. It

was first played in

Trinidad. The pans

or drums are made

from large oil drums.

Calypso and reggae

music both have

their origins in the

Caribbean.

In many Central

American and Caribbean

countries, growing bananas

is the most important

industry. As the bananas grow,

workers cover them with bags to

protect them from insects. The

bananas are cut down while they

are still green. They ripen just

before they go on sale.

Much of northern Mexico is

covered by desert. The cactus is

often the only plant life there.

The Panama

Canal links the

Atlantic and Pacific

Oceans. Before the

canal was built,

ships had to go

around the stormy

seas off the

southern tip of

South America. A

series of locks were

built to take canal

traffic across the

80-kilometre stretch

of land. Small trains

help pull the ships

through the locks.

GULF O

F CALIFO

RNIA

Mexico City, the capital ofMexico, lies at more

than 2000 metres above sealevel. With more than 20million people, it is one of thelargest cities in the world—and one of the most polluted.

CARACAS

BOGOTÁ

QUITO

LIMA

LA PAZ

SÃO PAULO

RIO

DE JA

NEIRO

REC

IFE

MONTE

VIDEO

BUEN

OS AIRES

SANTIAGO

BR

AZ

IL

ARGENTINA

BOLIVIA

VENEZUELA

COLOMBIA

PER

U

C H I L E

PARAGUAY

ECUADOR

URUGUAY

GUYANA

Am

azon Rainforest

An

de

s

A n d e sP a t a g o n i a

Negro

Paraná

Orinoco

L. Titicaca

Tierra

del Fuego

Cap

e Horn

PACIF

ICOCEAN

ATLA

NTIC

OCEA

N

Falkland Is.

(Br.)

Scale

600 km

0

Amazo

n

Madeira

Brazilian

Highlands

HE CLIM

ATE in th

e no

rthern part o

f Sou

th

America is hot and

rainy. The great Amazon

Rainforest fills th

e Amazon

River basin, a vast

lowland

area lying betw

een the And

es and

the Brazilian Highlands. The And

es mou

ntains stretch all

the way dow

n the western edg

e of th

e continent to its

cold, storm

y southern tip, Cape Horn. M

ost o

f Sou

th

America’s farm

land

and

cities are in th

e east, in

southeastern Brazil and

northern Argentin

a.

These Indian

s take

home their ca

tch—

an ana

cond

a.

Mardi G

ras, or Sh

rove Tue

sday

, is a

time of carniva

l in Rio de Jane

iro,

Brazil. Th

ere are pa

rties an

d ba

lls.

Peop

le dress up in amaz

ing co

stum

es

and pa

rade

throu

gh the

stree

ts.

These child

ren

live in a sha

ntytow

n

on the

edg

e of one

of Sou

th America’s

huge

cities. The

re

are no

t en

ough

plac

es for poo

rer

peop

le to live in the

cities, so man

y bu

ild

their ow

n ho

uses

out of spa

re pieces

of iron

and

woo

d.

A con

dor glides

witho

ut flapp

ing its

wings for m

any

kilometres ov

er the

barren

and

rem

ote

southe

rn And

es

mou

ntains.

Indian

peo

ples w

ho

live in the

mou

ntains of

Peru and

Bolivia still ha

ve

their trad

itiona

l dress and

custom

s.

SURINAMEFRENCH

GUIANA

T h

e Amazon River is 6500 km

long. It carries more water

than any other river—greater than

that of the world’s eight

longest rivers put

together.

T

3534

oth the North Pole in the Arctic andthe South Pole in the Antarctic arebitterly cold places, covered withice and snow all year round. The

Arctic is quite different from theAntarctic: it is not land at all,but an ocean covered bya vast, frozen cap ofthick ice. Pack iceforms around theedges of thesheet. These arepieces of icethat areconstantly beingbroken up andcrushed togetherby the movementof the land.

ANTARCTICA isa continent, likeAsia or Africa.Beneath the ice,more than 3500

metres deep inplaces, there is land.

About 98% of Antarcticais covered by ice. It is the

coldest, driest, and windiestcontinent. It is actually a desert: ithardly ever rains or snows there.The coldest temperature everrecorded on Earth was −89.2 °C atthe Russian Vostok Station in 1983.

The Poles were first reached

by people less than 100 years

ago. An American, Robert

Peary, was first to the North

Pole in 1909. Norwegian

explorer Roald Amundsen beat

a British expedition led by

Robert F. Scott to the South

Pole in 1911. His team of

husky dogs pulled sleds

laden with provisions.

The wandering

albatross uses its huge,

three-metre wingspan to

glide in the skies above

the Southern Ocean.

Polar

bears live on

the ice and

coasts bordering the

Arctic Ocean. They prey on

seals. The polar bear is the word’s

largest land carnivore.

Killer whales

travel to the

Arctic every

summer,

specially to feed

on the abundant

supply of fish

and seals.

An iceberg is a large piece

of floating ice. About 90% of it

is underwater. Most Arctic

icebergs have broken off

glaciers and are cone-shaped.

Antarctic icebergs break off

from the ice shelf and so are

often flat-topped.

ARCT IC

OCEAN

LAPTEV

S EAWEDDEL L

S EA

ROSS

S EABARENTS

S EA

NORWEG IAN

SEA

BAFFIN

BAY

B ER ING S EA

BEAUFORT

SEA

VictoriaI.

EllesmereI.

Baffin I.NovayaZemlya

SvalbardGREENLAND

Iceland

BeringStrait

SI

BE

RI

A

NO

RTH

AM

E R I CA

EU

RO

PE

++North PoleSouth Pole

AntarcticPeninsula A N TA R C T I C A

W I L K E S

L A N D

Q U E E N

M A U D

L A N D

B Y R D

L A N D

A U S TR

ALI A

A F R I C A

SOUTH

AMERI C

AS O U

T HERN

OCEAN

SOUTHERN

OC E A N

New Zealand

B

3736

A urorae, the northernor southern lights, arespectacular natural lightdisplays in the Arctic orAntarctic skies. They arecaused by the collision ofhigh-energy particles thatstream out from the Sun(known as the solarwind) in the highatmosphere.

Emperor penguins

are the largest penguins:

they stand more than

1.2 m tall. While the

females go to feed,

the males huddle

together in circles to

protect their chicks.

HE EARTH is a huge,spinning ball ofrock. It is one ofeight major planets

that travel round the Sun, ournearest star. It is the onlyworld we know where life exists.Its surface is made up of oceans,which cover 71% of it, and land massescalled continents. A layer of air called theatmosphere surrounds the Earth. It protects us fromthe harmful rays of the Sun, but also lets in warmth.The Earth’s surface is like a giant jigsaw puzzle.

It is divided into about 15 jagged-edge pieces, calledtectonic plates. They are always shifting about, butonly gradually. Sometimes they lock together for atime, then suddenly jolt apart, causing earthquakes.

As the Earth spins, it is not perfectly upright, but

slightly tilted. This tilt, always in the same

direction, gives us the seasons of the year. When

the northern half of the Earth (the northern

hemisphere) leans nearer the Sun, it is

warmer and the days are longer

there: summer has arrived. At the

same time, in the southern

hemisphere, which is tilted

away from the Sun, it is

winter. When the northern

hemisphere leans away

from the Sun, it is

winter, while it is

summer in the

southern hemisphere.

The Earth has

several layers inside it.

The rocks that make up the continents

and the ocean floors form a thin outer

layer called the crust. The crust lies

above a thick layer of very hot, partly

melted rocks, called the mantle. The

lava that erupts through volcanoes

comes from here. Below the mantle is

the liquid metal outer core. The solid

inner core, mostly made of iron, is

nearly as hot as the surface of the Sun.

The Earth orbits the Sun at about

30 km per second, taking 365.26 days

— one year — to complete an orbit. Its

orbit is not perfectly circular, but elliptic

(oval-shaped). As it goes, it spins like a

top on its own axis (an imaginary line

running through it from the North to

the South Pole) once every 24 hours.

This makes the Sun appear to rise at

dawn, pass across the sky and set at

dusk, giving us day and night. The Earth

is itself orbited by a satellite, the Moon,

which takes 27.3 days to go round.

Different regions of the

world have different

patterns of weather — for example,

dry summers, mild winters, and so on. These

patterns are called climates. Regions with tropical

climates lie close to the Equator. They have hot, wet weather all year round.

Deserts have hardly any rain. Temperate regions have warm summers and cold

(but not too severe) winters. Polar lands and some high mountainous areas are

always extremely cold.

Tropical

Desert

Temperate

Cool temperate

Polar

Mountain

22nd December

23rd September

North Pole

South Pole

Equator

Sun

21st March

Innercore

Sun

Moon

Earth

Crust

Mantle

Outer core

Ocean

Continent

21st June

A S I A

S O U T H

A M E R I C A

N O R T H

A M E R I C A

A U S T R A L A S I A

A F R I C A

E U R O P E

T

3938

BELARUS Area 202,900, sq km

Population 9,577,552 Capital Minsk

Languages Belarusian, Russian

BELGIUM Area 30,278 sq km

Population 10,431,477

Capital Brussels

Languages Dutch (Flemish),

French, German

BELIZE Area 22,965 sq km

Population 321,115 Capital Belmopan

Language English, Spanish

BENIN Area 110,622 sq km Population 9,325,032

Capital Porto-Novo Language French

BERMUDA Area 54 sq km Population 68,679

Capital Hamilton Language English

BHUTAN Area 38,394 sq km Population 708,427

Capital Thimphu Language Dzongkha

BOLIVIA Area 1,083,301 sq km Population 10,118,683

Capital La Paz Languages Spanish, Quechua, Aymara

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Area 51,187 sq km

Pop. 4,622,163 Capital Sarajevo Language Serbo-Croat

BOTSWANA Area 566,730 sq km Population 2,065,398

Capital Gaborone Languages Setswana, English

BRAZIL Area 8,459,417 sq km Population 203,429,773

Capital Brasília Language Portuguese

BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS Area 151 sq km Pop. 25,383

Capital Road Town Language English

BRUNEI Area 5265 sq km Population 401,890

Capital Bandar Seri Begawan Languages Malay, Chinese

BULGARIA Area 108,489 sq km Population 7,093,635

Capital Sofia Languages Bulgarian, Turkish

BURMA (MYANMAR) Area 653,508 sq km

Population 3,999,804 Capital Yangon Language Burmese

BURUNDI Area 25,680 sq km Population 10,216,190

Capital Bujumbura Languages Kirundi, Swahili, Arabic, French

CAMBODIA Area 176,515 sq km Population 14,701,717

Capital Phnom Pehn Language Khmer

CAMEROON Area 472,710 sq km Pop. 19,711,291

Capital Yaoundé Languages French, English

CANADA Area 9,984,319 sq km Population 34,030,589

Capital Ottawa Languages English, French

CAPE VERDE Area 4033 sq km Population 516,100

Capital Praia Languages Portuguese, Crioulo

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Area 622,984 sq km

Pop. 4,950,027 Capital Bangui Languages French, Sango

CHAD Area 1,259,200 sq km Population 10,758,945

Capital N’Djamena Languages French, Arabic

CHILE Area 743,812 sq km Population 16,888,760

Capital Santiago Language Spanish

CHINA Area 9,569,901 sq km Pop. 1,336,718,015

Capital Beijing Language Chinese (many dialects)

COLOMBIA Area 1,038,700 sq km Pop. 44,725,543

Capital Bogotá Language Spanish

CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF (DRC)

Area 2,267,048 sq km Population 71,712,867

Capitals Kinshasa Languages Swahili, Lingala, French

CONGO, REPUBLIC OF Area 341,500 sq km

Pop. 4,243,929 Capital Brazzaville Language French

COSTA RICA Area 51,100 sq km Population 4,576,562

Capital San José Language Spanish

CÔTE D’IVOIRE Area 318,003 sq km Pop. 21,504,162

Capitals Yamoussoukro Languages French, Malinke

CROATIA Area 55,974 sq km Population 4,483,804

Capital Zagreb Language Serbo-Croat

CUBA Area 109,820 sq km Population 11,087,330

Capital Havana Language Spanish

CYPRUS Area 9241 sq km Population 1,120,489

Capital Nicosia Languages Greek, Turkish, English

CZECH REPUBLIC Area 77,247 sq km Pop. 10,190,213

Capital Prague Language Czech

DENMARK Area 42,434 sq km Population 5,529,888

Capital Copenhagen Language Danish

DJIBOUTI Area 23,180 sq km Population 757,074

Capital Djibouti Languages Arabic, French

41

AFGHANISTAN Area 652,230 sq km Population 29,835,392

Capital Kabul Languages Pashtun, Tajik

ALBANIA Area 27,398 sq km Population 2,994,667

Capital Tiranë Language Albanian

ALGERIA Area 2,381,741 sq km Population 34,994,937

Capital Algiers Languages Arabic, French

ANGOLA Area 1,246,700 sq km Population 13,338,541

Capital Luanda Languages Bantu, Portuguese

ANGUILLA Area 91 sq km Population 15,094

Capital The Valley Language English

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Area 442 sq km Pop. 87,884

Capital St. John’s Language English

ARGENTINA Area 2,736,690 sq km Population 41,769,726

Capital Buenos Aires Language Spanish

ARMENIA Area 28,203 sq km

Population 2,967,975 Capital Yerevan

Language Armenian

AUSTRALIA Area 7,682,300 sq km

Population 21,766,711

Capital Camberra Language English

AUSTRIA Area 82,445 sq km

Pop. 8,217,280 Capital Vienna

Language German

AZERBAIJAN Area 82,629 sq km

Population 8,372,373 Capital Baku

Language Azeri

BAHAMAS Area 10,010 sq km Population 313,312

Capital Nassau Language English

BAHRAIN Area 760 sq km Population 1,214,705

Capital Manama Language Arabic

BANGLADESH Area 130,168 sq km Pop. 158,570,535

Capital Dhaka Languages Bengali, English

BARBADOS Area 430 sq km Population 286,705

Capital Bridgetown Language English

40

DOMINICA Area 751 sq km Population 72,969

Capital Roseau Languages English, Creole

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Area 48,320 sq km Pop. 9,956,648

Capital Santo Domingo Language Spanish

EAST TIMOR Area 14,874 sq km Pop. 1,177,834

Capital Dili Languages Tetum, Portutuese,

Indonesian, English

ECUADOR Area 276,841 sq km Pop. 15,007,343

Capital Quito Languages Spanish, Quechua

EGYPT Area 995,450 sq km Population 82,079,636

Capital Cairo Language Arabic

EL SALVADOR Area 21,041 sq km Population 6,071,774

Capital San Salvador Language Spanish

EQUATORIAL GUINEA Area 28,051 sq km Pop. 668,225

Capital Malabo Language Spanish

ESTONIA Area 42,388 sq km Population 1,282,963

Capital Tallinn Languages Estonian, Russian

ETHIOPIA Area 1,000,000 sq km

Population 90,873,739 Capital Addis Ababa

Language Amharic

FIJI Area 18,274 sq km

Population 883,125

Capital Suva

Languages Fijian, Hindi, English

FINLAND Area 303,815 sq km

Population 5,259,250

Capital Helsinki

Languages Finnish, Swedish

FRANCE Area 549,970 sq km

Population 65,312,249

Capital Paris Language French

FRENCH GUIANA Area 89,150 sq km Pop. 229,000

Capital Cayenne Languages French, Creole

GABON Area 257,667 sq km Population 1,576,665

Capital Libreville Languages Bantu, Fang, French

GAMBIA Area 10,380 sq km Population 1,797,860

Capital Banjul Language English

MONGOLIA

Area 1,553,556 sq km

Population 3,133,318

Capital Ulan Bator

Language Khalkha

Mongol

MONTENEGRO

Area 13,452 sq km Population 661,807 Capital Podgorica

Languages Montenegrin, Serbian

MONTSERRAT Area 102 sq km Population 5,140

Capital Plymouth Language English

MOROCCO Area 446,300 sq km Pop. 31,968,361

Capital Rabat Languages Arabic, Berber, Spanish, French

MOZAMBIQUE Area 786,380 sq km Population 22,948,858

Capital Maputo Languages Ronga, Shangaan,

Muchope, Portuguese

NAMIBIA Area 823,290 sq km Population 2,147,585

CapitalWindhoek Languages English, Afrikaans, German

NEPAL Area 143,351 sq km Population 29,391,883

Capital Kathmandu Language Nepali

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Area 800 sq km Pop. 199,929

CapitalWillemstad Languages Dutch, Papiamento

NETHERLANDS Area 33,893 sq km

Pop. 16,847,007 Capitals Amsterdam, The Hague

Language Dutch

NEW ZEALAND Area 267,710 sq km Pop. 4,290,347

CapitalWellington Languages English, Maori

NICARAGUA Area 130,370 sq km Population

5,666,301 Capital Managua Languages Spanish, English

NIGER Area 1,266,700 sq km Population 16,468,886

Capital Niamey Languages French, Hausa, Djerma

NIGERIA Area 910,768 sq km Population 155,215,573

Capital Abuja Languages English, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo

NORTH KOREA Area 120,408 sq km Pop. 24,457,492

Capital Pyongyang Language Korean

NORWAY Area 304,282 sq km Population 4,691,849

Capital Oslo Language Norwegian

LIBYA Area 1,759,540 sq km Population 6,597,960

Capital Tripoli Language Arabic

LIECHTENSTEIN Area 160 sq km Population 35,236

Capital Vaduz Language German

LITHUANIA Area 62,680 sq km Population 3,535,547

Capital Vilnius Languages Lithuanian, Russian

LUXEMBOURG Area 2586 sq km Population 503,302

Capital Luxembourg Languages German,

Letzeburgesch, French

MACEDONIA Area 25,433 sq km Population 2,077,328

Capital Skopje Languages Macedonian, Albanian

MADAGASCAR Area 581,540 sq km Population 21,926,221

Capital Antananarivo Languages Malagasy, French, English

MALAWI Area 94,081 sq km Population 15,879,252

Capital Lilongwe Languages Chichewa, English

MALAYSIA Area 328,657 sq km Population 28,728,607

Capital Kuala Lumpur Language Malay

MALDIVES Area 298 sq km Population 394,999

Capital Malé Language Divehi

MALI Area 1,220,190 sq km Population 14,159,904

Capital Bamako Language French

MALTA Area 316 sq km Population 408,333

Capital Valletta Languages Maltese, English, Italian

MAURITANIA Area 1,030,700 sq km

Pop. 3,281,634 Capital Nouakchott

Languages Arabic, Poular, Wolof

MAURITIUS Area 2030 sq km

Population 1,303,717 Capital Port Louis

Languages English, Creole

MEXICO Area 19,64,375 sq km

Population 113,724,226 Capital Mexico City

Language Spanish

MOLDOVA Area 32,891 sq km

Population 4,314,377 Capital Chisinau

Languages Romanian (Moldovan), Ukrainian, Russian

MONACO Area 2 sq km Population 30,539

Capital Monaco Language French

IRAN Area 1,531,595 sq km Population 77,891,220

Capital Tehran Language Farsi

IRAQ Area 437,367 sq km Population 30,399,572

Capital Baghdad Language Arabic

IRELAND Area 68,883 sq km Population 4,670,976

Capital Dublin Languages English, Irish

ISRAEL Area 20,330 sq km Population 7,473,052

Capital Jerusalem Languages Hebrew, Arabic

ITALY Area 294,140 sq km Population 61,016,804

Capital Rome Language Italian

JAMAICA Area 10,831 sq km Population 2,868,380

Capital Kingston Language English

JAPAN Area 364,485 sq km Population 126,475,664

Capital Tokyo Language Japanese

JORDAN Area 88,802 sq km Population 6,508,271

Capital Amman Language Arabic

KAZAKHSTAN Area 2,699,700 sq km Pop. 15,522,373

Capital Akmola Languages Kazakh, Russian

KENYA Area 569,140 sq km Population 41,070,934

Capital Nairobi Languages Swahili, Kikuyu, Luo, English

KIRIBATI Area 811 sq km Population 100,743

Capital Tarawa Languages I-Kiribati, English

KUWAIT Area 17,818 sq km Population 2,595,628

Capital Kuwait Language Arabic

KYRGYZSTAN Area 191,801 sq km Pop. 5,587,443

Capital Bishkek Language Kyrgyz

LAOS Area 230,800 sq km Population 6,477,211

Capital Viangchan Languages Lao, French

LATVIA Area 62,249 sq km Population 2,204,708

Capital Riga Languages Latvian, Russian

LEBANON Area 10,230 sq km Population 4,143,101

Capital Beirut Language Arabic

LESOTHO Area 30,355 sq km Population 1,924,886

Capital Maseru Languages Sesotho, Zulu, Xhosa, English

LIBERIA Area 96,320 sq km Population 3,786,764

Capital Monrovia Language English

GEORGIA Area 69,700 sq km Population 4,585,874

Capital Tbilisi Language Georgian

GERMANY Area 348,672 sq km Population 81,471,834

Capital Berlin Language German

GHANA Area 227,533 sq km Pop. 24,791,073 Capital Accra

Languages English, Kwa languages

GREECE Area 130,647 sq km Population 10,760,136

Capital Athens Language Greek

GRENADA Area 344 sq km

Population 108,419

Capital St. George’s

Languages English, French patois

GUADELOUPE Area 1629 sq km

Population 405,500

Capital Basse-Terre

Languages French, Creole

GUATEMALA Area 108,889 sq km

Population 13,824,463

Capital Guatemala City

Language Spanish

GUINEA Area 245,717 sq km Population 10,601,009

Capital Conakry Language Portuguese

GUYANA Area 196,849 sq km Population 744,768

Capital Georgetown Languages English, Hindi, Urdu

HAITI Area 27,560 sq km Population 9,719,932

Capital Port-au-Prince Languages French, Creole

HONDURAS Area 112,090 sq km Population 8,143,564

Capital Tegucigalpa Language Spanish

HUNGARY Area 89,608 sq km Population 9,976,062

Capital Budapest Language Hungarian

ICELAND Area 100,250 sq km Population 311,058

Capital Reykjavik Language Icelandic

INDIA Area 2,973,193 sq km Population 1,189,172,906

Capital New Delhi Languages Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Urdu,

Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, English

INDONESIA Area 1,811,569 sq km Population 245,613,043

Capital Jakarta Language Indonesian

4342

OMAN Area 309,500 sq km Population 3,027,959

Capital Muscat Language Arabic

PAKISTAN Area 770,875 sq km Population 187,342,721

Capital Islamabad Languages Urdu, Punjabi, Pashtu, English

PANAMA Area 75,420 sq km Population 3,460,462

Capital Panama City Language Spanish

PAPUA NEW GUINEA Area 452,860 sq km Pop. 6,187,591

Capital Port Moresby Languages Pidgin, English, Motu

PARAGUAY Area 397,302 sq km Population 6,459,058

Capital Asunción Languages Spanish, Guarani

PERU Area 1,279,996 sq km Population 29,248,943

Capital Lima Languages Spanish, Quechua, Aymara

PHILIPPINES Area 298,170 sq km

Pop. 101,833,938 Capital Manila

Languages English, Filipino

POLAND Area 304,255 sq km

Pop. 38,441,588 CapitalWarsaw

Language Polish

PORTUGAL Area 91,470 sq km

Population 10,760,305 Capital Lisbon Language Portuguese

PUERTO RICO Area 8870 sq km Population 3,989,133

Capital San Juan Languages Spanish, English

QATAR Area 11,586 sq km Population 848,016

Capital Doha Language Arabic

ROMANIA Area 229,891 sq km Population 21,904,551

Capital Bucharest Languages Romanian, Hungarian, German

RUSSIA Area 16,377,742 sq km Population 138,739,892

Capital Moscow Languages Russian, 38 others

RWANDA Area 24,668 sq km Population 11,370,425

Capital Kigali Languages Kinyarwanda, Swahili,

English, French

SAMOA Area 2821 sq km Population 193,161

Capital Apia Languages Samoan, English

SAN MARINO Area 61 sq km Population 31,817

Capital San Marino Language Italian

SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE Area 964 sq km Pop. 179,506

Capital São Tomé Language French

SAUDI ARABIA Area 2,149,690 sq km Pop. 26,131,703

Capital Riyadh Language Arabic

SENEGAL Area 192,530 sq km Population 12,643,799

Capital Dakar Language French

SERBIA Area 77,474 sq km Pop. 7,310,555 Capital Belgrade

Languages Serbo-Croat, Albanian, Hungarian

SEYCHELLES Area 455 sq km Population 89,188

Capital Victoria Languages English, Creole

SIERRA LEONE Area 71,620 sq km

Pop. 5,363,669 Capital Freetown

Languages English, Krio, Mende, Limba, Temne

SINGAPORE Area 687 sq km Pop. 4,740,737

Capital Singapore Languages Chinese, English,

Malay, Tamil

SLOVAKIA Area 48,105 sq km

Population 5,477,038 Capital Bratislava

Languages Slovak, Hungarian, Czech

SLOVENIA Area 20,151 sq km

Population 2,000,092 Capital Ljubljana

Languages Slovene

SOLOMON ISLANDS Area 27,986 sq km Pop. 571,890

Capital Honiara Languages English, Pidgin

SOMALIA Area 627,337 sq km Population 9,925,640

Capital Mogadishu Languages Somali, Arabic, English, Italian

SOUTH AFRICA

Area 1,214,470 sq km Pop. 49,004,031 Capitals Pretoria,

Cape Town Languages Xhosa, Zulu,

Sesotho, Afrikaans, English

SOUTH KOREA Area 96,920 sq km

Pop. 48,754,657 Capital Seoul

Language Korean

SPAIN Area 498,980 sq km

Population 46,754,784

Capital Madrid Languages Spanish,

Catalan, Basque, Galician

SRI LANKA Area 64,630 sq km

Pop. 21,283,913 Capital Colombo

Languages Sinhala, Tamil, English

SUDAN Area 1,861,484 sq km Pop. about 44 million

Capital Khartoum Languages Arabic, English

SUDAN, SOUTH Area 644,329 sq km Pop. about 10 million

Capital Khartoum Languages Arabic, English

SURINAME Area 156,000 sq km Population 491,989

Capital Paramaribo Languages Dutch, Hindi, Javanese

SWAZILAND Area 17,204 sq km Population 1,370,424

Capital Mbabane Languages siSwati, English

SWEDEN Area 410,335 sq km Population 9,088,728

Capital Stockholm Languages Swedish, Finnish, Lappish

SWITZERLAND Area 39,997 sq km Pop. 7,639,961

Capital Bern Languages German, French, Italian

SYRIA Area 183,630 sq km Population 22,517,750

Capital Damascus Language Arabic

TAIWAN Area 32,260 sq km Population 23,071,779

Capital Taipei Language Chinese

TAJIKISTAN Area 141,510 sq km Population 7,627,200

Capital Dushanbe Language Tajik

TANZANIA Area 885,800 sq km Population 42,746,620

Capital Dodoma Languages Swahili, English

THAILAND Area 510,890 sq km Population 66,720,153

Capital Bangkok Language Thai

TOGO Area 54,385 sq km Population 6,771,993

Capital Lomé Languages French, Kabiye

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Area 5127 sq km Pop. 1,227,505

Capital Port of Spain Languages English, French, Spanish,

Hindi, Chinese

TUNISIA Area 155,360 sq km Population 10,629,186

Capital Tunis Languages Arabic, Berber, French

TURKEY Area 769,632 sq km Population 78,785,548

Capital Ankara Language Turkish

TURKMENISTAN Area 469,930 sq km Pop. 4,997,503

Capital Ashkhabad Language Turkmen

UGANDA Area 197,100 sq km Population 34,612,250

Capital Kampala Languages Luganda, English

UKRAINE Area 579,330 sq km Population 45,134,707

Capital Kiev Languages Ukrainian, Russian

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Area 83,600 sq km

Pop. 5,148,664 Capital Abu Dhabi

Language Arabic

UNITED KINGDOM Area 241,930 sq km Pop. 62,698,362

Capital London Languages English, Welsh

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Area 9,826,675 sq km

Population 313,232,044 CapitalWashington, D.C.

Languages English, Spanish

URUGUAY Area 175,015 sq km Population 3,308,535

Capital Montevideo Language Spanish

UZBEKISTAN Area 425,400 sq km Pop. 28,128,600

Capital Tashkent Language Uzbek

VANUATU Area 12,189 sq km Population 224,564

Capital Port Vila Languages Bislama, English, French

VATICAN CITY STATE Area 0.44 sq km Population 829

Capital Vatican City Languages Latin, Italian

VENEZUELA Area 882,050 sq km Pop. 27,635,743

Capital Caracas Language Spanish

VIETNAM Area 310,070 sq km Population 90,549,390

Capital Hanoi Languages Vietnamese, French

VIRGIN ISLANDS Area 346 sq km Population 109,666

Capital Charlotte Amalie Languages English, Spanish, Creole

YEMEN Area 527,968 sq km Population 24,133,492

Capital San’a Language Arabic

ZAMBIA Area 743,398 sq km Population 13,881,336

Capital Lusaka Languages Lozi, English

ZIMBABWE Area 386,847 sq km Population 12,084,304

Capital Harare Languages Shona, Ndebele, English

4544

AAAccra 12Addis Ababa 13Adelaide 30Aden 24Adriatic Sea 18Aegean Sea 19Afghanistan 25Alabama 7Alaska 4Albania 19Alberta 4Algeria 12Algiers 12Alps 18Amazon, River 10Amsterdam 16Anchorage 4Andes Mountains 10Andorra 17Angola 14Anguilla 9Ankara 24Antigua 9Appalachian Mountains 7Aral Sea 22Argentina 11Arizona 6Arkansas 7Armenia 22Athens 19Atlanta 7Atlas Mountains 12Auckland 31Australia 30Austria 21Azerbaijan 22Azores 3

BBBaffin Island 5Baghdad 24Bahamas 9Bahrain 24Baikal, Lake 23Baku 22Balearic Islands 17Bali 27Bangkok 27Bangladesh 26Barbados 9Barcelona 17Beijing 29Beirut 24Belarus 22Belgium 16Belgrade 19Belize 8Benin 12Bergen 20Berlin 21Bhutan 26Bilbao 17Birmingham 16Bogotá 10Bolivia 10Bordeaux 17Borneo 27Bosnia and Herzegovina 18Boston 7Botswana 14Bratislava 21Brazil 10Brisbane 30British Columbia 4Brunei 27Brussels 16Bucharest 19Budapest 19

Buenos Aires 11Bulgaria 19Burkina Faso 12Burma (Myanmar) 26Burundi 14

CCCairo 13Calgary 4California 6Cambodia 27Cameroon 12Canada 4Canary Islands 3Canberra 30Cape Town 14Cape Verde Islands 3Caracas 10Caribbean Sea 9Casablanca 12Caspian Sea 22Celebes 27Central African Republic 13Chad 13Chennai (Madras) 26Chicago 7Chile 11China 28-29Chongqing 29Cleveland 7Cologne 21Colombia 10Colombo 26Colorado 6Comoros 15Congo 14Congo-Brazzaville 14Connecticut 7Copenhagen 21Corfu 19

Corsica 17Costa Rica 9Côte d’Ivoire 12Crete 19Croatia 18

Cuba 9Cyprus 24Czech Republic 21

DDDakar 12Dallas 7Damascus 24Danube, River 19, 21Dar Es Salaam 14Delaware 7Delhi 26Denmark 21Denver 6Detroit 7Dhaka 26Djibouti 13Dominica 9DominicanRepublic 9

Dubai 24Dublin 16

EEFFEast Timor 27Ecuador 10Egypt 13El Salvador 8England 16Equatorial Guinea 12Erie, Lake 5, 7Eritrea 13

Estonia 20Ethiopia 13Euphrates, River 24Falkland Islands 11Fiji 3Finland 20Florida 7France 16Frankfurt 21French Guiana 10French Polynesia 2

GGGabon 14Galápagos Islands 2Gambia, The 12Ganges, River 26Gdansk 21Geneva 21Georgia (country) 22Georgia, USA 7Germany 21Ghana 12Gibraltar 17Glasgow 16Gobi Desert 28-29Greece 19Greenland 5Grenada 9Guadalajara 8Guadeloupe 9Guangzhou 29Guatemala 8Guinea 12Guinea, Gulf of 12Guinea-Bissau 12Guyana 10

HHHaiti 9Hamburg 21Hangzhou 29

Hanoi 27Harare 14Harare 14Havana 9Hawaii 6Helsinki 20Himalayas 26, 28Ho Chi Minh City 27Honduras 9Hong Kong 29Honolulu 6Houston 7Huang, River 29Hudson Bay 5Hungary 18Huron, Lake 5, 7

IIJJIceland 20Idaho 6Illinois 7India 26Indiana 7Indonesia 27Indus, River 26Iowa 7Iran 24Iraq 24Ireland 16Israel 24Istanbul 19Italy 18Jakarta 27Jamaica 9Japan 29Java 27Jerusalem 24Johannesburg 14Jordan 24

KKKabul 25Kalahari Desert 14

Kansas 7Karachi 26Kashmir 26Kazakhstan 22Kentucky 7Kenya 14Kharkov 22Khartoum 13Kiev 22Kinshasa 14Kiribati 3Kolkata (Calcutta) 26Krakow 21Kuala Lumpur 27Kurdistan 24Kuwait 24Kyoto 29Kyrgyzstan 22

LLLa Paz 10Ladoga, Lake 22Lagos 12Lahore 26Laos 27Latvia 21Lebanon 24Lesotho 14Liberia 12Libya 12Liechtenstein 21Lima 10Lisbon 17Lithuania 21London 16Los Angeles 6Louisiana 7Luanda 14Lusaka 14Luxembourg 16Lyon 17

MMMacedonia 19Madagascar 15

Madrid 17Maine 7Malawi 14Malaysia 27Maldives 26Mali 12Mallorca 17Malta 18Manchester 16Manila 27Manitoba 4Maputo 14Marseille 17Marshall Islands 3Martinique 9Maryland 7Massachusetts 7Mauritania 12Mecca 24Melbourne 30Mérida 8Mexico 8Mexico City 8Miami 7Michigan 7Milan 18Minneapolis 7Minnesota 7Minsk 22Mississippi 7Missouri 7Moldova 22Monaco 17Mongolia 28-29Montana 6Monterrey 8Montevideo 11Montréal 5Morocco 12Moscow 22Mozambique 14Mumbai (Bombay) 26Munich 21Murray, River 30Muscat 25

4746

1 Mount Everest 8848 m2 K2 8611 m3 Kangchenjunga 8586 m4 Lhotse 8516 m5 Makalu 8485 m6 Cho Oyo 8188 m7 Dhaulagiri I 8167 m8 Manaslu 8163 m9 Nanga Parbat 8126 m10 Annapurna I 8091 m

1 Nile 6650 km2 Amazon 6400 km3 Yangtze 6300 km4 Mississippi 6275 km5 Yenisei 5539 km6 Yellow River (Huang He) 5464 km7 Ob-Irtysh 5410 km8 Paraná 4880 km9 Congo 4700 km10 Amur 4444 km

1 Beijing, China2 Bogotá, Colombia3 Buenos Aires, Argentina4 Cairo, Egypt5 Delhi, India6 Dhaka, Bangladesh7 Guangzhou, China8 Istanbul, Turkey9 Jakarta, Indonesia10 Karachi, Pakistan

1 China 1,339,724,852 people2 India 1,210,193,422 people3 United States 312,119,000 people4 Indonesia 237,556,363 people5 Brazil 190,732,694 people6 Pakistan 177,105,000 people7 Nigeria 158,423,000 people8 Bangladesh 151,192,000 people 9 Russia 142,905,200 people10 Japan 127,950,000 people

48

NNOONairobi 14Namibia 14Nanjing 29Naples 18Nebraska 7Nepal 26Netherlands 16Netherlands Antilles 9Nevada 6New Brunswick 5New Guinea 3New Hampshire 7New Jersey 7New Mexico 6New Orleans 7New South Wales 30New York 7New Zealand 31Newfoundland 5Nicaragua 9Niger 12Nigeria 12Nile, River 13North Carolina 7North Dakota 7North Korea 29Norway 20Nova Scotia 5Nunavut 4

Nyasa, Lake 14Ob, River 22Ohio 7Oklahoma 7Oman 24Ontario 5Orange, River 14Oregon 6Orinoco, River 10Osaka 29Oslo 20

PPPakistan 26Panama 9Paraguay 11Paris 16Patagonia 11Pennsylvania 7Persian Gulf 24Perth 30Peru 10Philadelphia 7Philippines 27Phoenix 6Po, River 18Poland 21Porto 17Portugal 17Prague 21Prince Edward I. 5Puerto Rico 9Pyongyang 29Pyrenees 17

QQRRQatar 24Québec 5Queensland 30Quito 10Recife 10Red Sea 13, 24

Regina 4Reykjavik 20Rhine, River 21Rhode Island 7Rhodes 19Rhône, River 17Riga 21Rio de Janeiro 11Rio Grande 6, 8Riyadh 24Rocky Mountains 4, 6Romania 19

Rome 18Rostov 22Russia 21, 22Rwanda 14Ryukyu Islands 29

SSSahara Desert 12St. Kitts and Nevis 9St. Lawrence, Gulf of 5St. Louis 7St. Lucia 9St. Petersburg 22St. Vincent 9Sakhalin 23Salt Lake City 6Samarkand 22Samoa 3San Francisco 6San Marino 18Santiago 11San‘a 24São Paulo 11Sarajevo 18Sardinia 18Saskatchewan 4Saudi Arabia 24Scotland 16Seattle 6Senegal 12Seoul 29Serbia-Montenegro 19Seville 17Seychelles 3Shanghai 29Shenyang 29Shetland Islands 16Siberia 23Sicily 18Sierra Leone 12Sierra Madre 8Singapore 27Slovakia 21Slovenia 18Sofia 19Solomon Islands 3Somalia 13South Africa 14South Carolina 7South Dakota 7South Korea 29Spain 17Sri Lanka 26Stockholm 20Sudan 13Sumatra 27Superior, Lake 5, 7Suriname 10Swaziland 14Sweden 20Switzerland 21Sydney 30Syria 24

TTTabriz 24Tagus, River 17Taipei 29Taiwan 29Tajikistan 22

Tallinn 20Tanzania 14Tasmania 30Tehran 24Tennessee 7Texas 7Thailand 27Tianjin 29Tibet 28Tierra del Fuego 11Tigris, River 24Titicaca, Lake 10Togo 12Tokyo 29Tonga 3Toronto 5Trinidad and Tobago 9Trondheim 20Tunis 12Tunisia 12Turin 18Turkey 19, 24Turkmenistan 22Turks and Caicos Islands 9

UUVVWWUganda 14Ukraine 22Ulan Bator 29United Arab Emirates 24United Kingdom 16Ural Mountains 22Uruguay 11Utah 6Uzbekistan 22Valencia 17Vancouver 4Varanasi 26Venezuela 10Venice 18Vermont 7Victoria 30Victoria, Lake 14Vienna 21Vietnam 27Virgin Islands 9Virginia 7Vladivostok 23Volga, River 22Wales 16Warsaw 21Washington (city) 7Washington (state) 6Wellington 31West Virginia 7Western Sahara 12Winnipeg 4Wisconsin 7Wyoming 6

XXYYZZXi’an 29Yangtse, River 29Yemen 24Yenisei, River 23Yukon, River 4Zagreb 18Zambezi, River 14Zambia 14Zimbabwe 14Zürich 21

1 Russia 17,098,242 km2

2 Canada 9,984,670 km2

3 China 9,640,011 km2

4 United States 9,629,091 km2

5 Brazil 8,514,877 km2

6 Australia 7,692,024 km2

7 India 3,287,263 km2

8 Argentina 2,780,400 km2

9 Kazakhstan 2,724,900 km2

10 Algeria 2,381,741 km2