First Aid Day 2 Objectives

• The student will be able to define, describe and perform the initial Victim Assessment

• The student will be able to define, describe and perform the Initial Check (Responsive and Unresponsive Victim)

• The student will be able to define, describe and perform the ABC Assessment

• The student will be able to define the acronym D-O-T-S• The student will be able to describe and perform the different Rescuing

and Moving techniques.

SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY)

• Initial Check– Immediate life-threatening conditions

AirwayBreathing Circulation

• Physical Exam: D-O-T-S– Deformities– Open-Wounds – Tenderness– Swelling

VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY)

Sample History (after check for life-threatening conditions)

- Signs /symptoms– Allergies– Medications– Past medical history – Last oral intake– Events leading to injury or

illness

Initial Check (COPY)

• Look for immediate life-threatening conditions

• After one minute call EMS if life is threatened

Responsive Victim (COPY)

• Has an open airway

• Is breathing

• Circulation present

• May suffer from an injury or illness

Unresponsive Victim (COPY)

• No movement

• Gently tap and shout “Are You OK?”

• Unconscious adult activate EMS immediately

Check the ABCs of the Victim

Causes of an Airway Obstruction

• Abdominal thrusts if airway exchange is severely limited

• Severe wounds/burns that affect the airway can be life-threatening

• Examples

– Airway obstruction or damage

– Severe wounds or burns around the throat/mouth

Causes of Breathing Emergencies

• Examples of life-threatening breathing emergencies

– Asthma/allergies

– Chest or abdominal injuries

Causes of Circulation Concerns

• Interrupted when heart can’t– Adequately pump blood

– Blood flow is insufficient

– Blood vessels restrict blood from an area

Causes of Circulation Concerns (copy)

• Examples of threats to circulation– Pump: heart can’t beat effectively (heart

attack)

– Blood Flow: pressure insufficient (severe bleeding)

– Blood Vessels: insufficient flow to vital organs (shock or stroke)

Physical Exam

• After checking for life-threatening injuries:

– What you can see

– What victim tells you

– Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities

Physical Exam – DOTS (copy)

• D-O-T-S– Deformities– Open Wounds– Tenderness– Swelling

S.A.M.P.L.E History

• Signs/Symptoms

• Allergies

• Medications

• Past Medical History

• Last Oral Intake

• Events Leading to Injury or Illness

RESCUING AND MOVING (COPY)

• Overview (See Handout)– Use good judgment– Keep yourself safe– Activate EMS

Moving Victims (COPY)

• Only move to protect from further harm or to provide special care (CPR).

• Stabilize any suspected bone, neck, or spinal injuries

Shoulder Drag (HDO)

• Short distance over a rough surface

• Stabilize victims head with forearms

Ankle Drag (HDO)

• Fastest method for short distance

• Over a smooth surface

Blanket Pull (HDO)

• Roll victim onto a blanket

• Pull from behind the victim’s head

One-Person Carry (HDO)

• Human Crutch• Cradle Carry• Firefighters Carry• Pack Strap Carry• Piggy Back Carry

Two Person Carries (HDO)

• Two-Person Assist• Two-Handed Seat

Carry• Four-Handed Seat

Carry• Extremity Carry• Chair Carry

RESCUING AND MOVING

Water Rescue (RTRG) (COPY)

• Only enter the water if professionally trained to do so– Reach: lightweight pole, ladder, long stick,

clothing– Throw: use anything that floats-attached to

rope– Row: rowboat, canoe, motor boat, boogie

board– Go: use towel or board for victim to hang onto

Electrical Emergencies (COPY)

• Remove or inactivate (shut off) power source before attempting to assist a victim

– Household power: Shut off fuse box, circuit breakers, or main switch, or unplug cord

– High Voltage Lines: activate EMS and be sure police or power company have turned off power

– Power Lines on Auto: Victims stay in car unless fire or explosion threatens life.

Hazardous Materials (COPY)

• Exists in industrial workplaces and crashes. Only trained personnel should enter if:

– Signs Posted

– Vapor clouds

– Unusual odors

– Spilled fluids

Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY)

• Obligated to stop and assist when involved in an accident.

– Assess victims: • condition of victims• Activate EMS• Prioritize and provide care

Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY)

– Vehicles• 1. Turn off the ignition• 2. Switch on emergency flashers• 3. Raise hood to draw attention

– Avoid moving victims unless you need to in order to provide care or environment becomes unstable (unsafe)

Fire (COPY)

• Quickly direct others to safety• Activate EMS• Use an extinguisher or other

method to stop small fire• Maintain a clear escape route and

keep a safe distance from fire– Maintain escape plan– Do not open hot doors– Stay low– Help others to escape

Confined Spaces (COPY)

• Not intended for human occupancy– Below ground

• Manholes, utility vaults, cisterns, wells

– Ground level• Industrial tanks, farm

storage

– Above ground• Water towers, storage

tanks

Quiz Next Class

Bell Ringer #2An Assessment Scenario #2

Scenario #2• You are on break in the concession area. A

young woman approaches you saying her friend is behaving very strangely. You and the woman approach the friend who is sitting down. She is conscious. Immediately you notice a medical identification bracelet on her wrist.

• Describe what steps you would take to help the young woman and why you would take these actions.