fire protection systems for facilities managers

Fire Protection Systems

For FMs

Is there a Need

The Church of the Company of Jesus, was a Jesuit church located in downtown Santiago, closely associated with the Marian cult. That day was the celebration of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, one of the most popular festivities of the religious calendar, and the temple was adorned with a profusion of gas lights and wall coverings. In the main altar, a large statue of the virgin Mary stood over a half-moon that in itself was a huge candelabra.

That night, the fire started a few minutes before 7 PM, when a gas lamp at the top of the main altar ignited some of the veils that adorned the walls. Somebody tried to put it out by smothering it with another cloth, but managed to only make the fire jump over to the rest of the veils and from there on to the wood roof. The mostly women attendees panicked and tried to escape but the side doors had been closed in order to leave space to accommodate more people (they only could be opened inwards), leaving the main entrance as the only exit.

Fire Brigade (training / response) / hoop skirts (pile up at door) / door swing (side exits) / special event (large numbers) / decorations / occupancy (exceeded and chairs changed location) / structure materials (collapse) / apx 2000 people

ExampleThe Joelma Building is a 25 floor skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil.At 8:50am on 1 February 1974, an air conditioning unit on the twelfth floor overheated, starting a fire. There were 756 people in the building at the time.

Because flammable materials had been used to furnish the interior, the entire building was engulfed in flames within 20 minutes. The fire was extinguished at 1:30pm. 179 people were killed and 300 injured.

Partitions, desks and chairs were made of wood. The ceilings were cellulose fiber tiles set in wood strappings. The curtains and carpets were also flammable.

Inside, the fire reached the building's only stairwell and climbed as high as the 15th floor. It did not reach any higher because of a lack of flammables in the stairwell, however it filled the stairwell with smoke and heat, making it impassable. Fire crews attempted to gain access to the building using this stairwell, but could not go any higher than the 11th floor (the first floor consisting of business offices).

Approximately three hundred people were evacuated using the elevators, a practice that is not recommended by fire officials. The four elevator operators were only able to make a few trips, however, before conditions within the building made it impossible to continue.

Cont.

Approximately 170 people went to the roof during the fire, in hopes of being rescued by helicopter. There was, however, no place clear enough or big enough for helicopters to land. Even if such had been put in, the strong heat and dense smoke made approaching the building by helicopter extremely hazardous. Approximately 80 people hid under the tiles on the roof of the building. They alone were found alive.

Some people had managed to climb out onto ledges, and a few were able to lower themselves from floor to floor, and were then able to climb down the aerial ladders, while being protected from heat, smoke, and flames. Most of the others stayed where they were until rescue teams could gain access to the building. Desperate to escape the threat of the fire, forty people jumped, or fell, off the building. Fire crews tried to persuade them otherwise by waving to them and holding up signs that said, "Remain Calm! The fire is Out!" Still, they jumped in hopes of reaching a ladder, or surviving the fall. All forty of these people were killed.

By 10:30 am, the fire subsided. Two hours later, it had engulfed all flammables and simply burned itself out. Medical teams, fire crews and police were then able to enter the office towers and search for survivors. Upon completing their search, authorities found that 179 people died in this fire. At the time, this had been the greatest death toll in any high-rise building fire.

Fire Protection Building Design

Doors / Exits Equipment / Stairwells

People / Training Fire extinguisher Evacuation

Systems Alarm / Signal Sensor / Actuation Monitoring Water / Dry / Halon

Fire - Building Type of Structure Size / Occupancy Location of Exits Fire Walls Dampers Types of Doors / Ceilings / windows Storage Decorations Sprinkler / Wet Dry Stairwells

Fire - People

Doors propped open / Storage / Blocking How to set off alarm How to use Fire extinguishers Teachers / cribs PMs Sunday Morning Training Response to Alarms

Fire Alarm Procedure Fire Alarm Procedure Notify YFD (if you want them to respond) that a drill will take place (same day, at least an hour before).

Call Simplex Grunell Monitoring 1-xxxxxxxxxxx, account number xxxxxxxx, passcode xxxxxxx to place system in “Test” for a short predetermined time. This will prevent alarms from calling fire department during that predetermined time.

Get Notifier key from Panel door in the custodial closet off of the main Worship Center lobby (1st hall on left, closet on

right, across from Elevator): Open the closet with the custodial closet key. Take Notifier key from left-side Fire Panel box. Insert key into the right side of the control box on back wall and open the Notifier Fire control panel. Note: - Alarm will sound for a predetermined time (90 secs) once activated regardless of “Silence” or “Reset” at panel due to

Time out. Pull Station must be reset before Panel can be fully reset. To set off alarm from the Notifier Fire control Panel:

Push Alarm Activate. Participate in drill and log time. Return to Notifier Fire control panel or Annunciator Panel by WC Lobby front door (requires key) and do the following:

Acknowledge Alarm Silence System Reset - should state “All System Normal” and no more beeping or alarms.

Classroom

Sunday Morning Handout

Sunday Map

Sunday Morning

Sunday Morning Emergency Response Training In the event of - Here at Faith: Fire / Fire Alarm – Remain calm, proceed to closest safe

EXIT; continue to Safe Distance from Building. (Do not attempt to go get your children, their leaders will take them in groups to additional safe areas)

Hurricane / Tornado – Remain calm; proceed to safer interior areas within the church such as 1st floor adult classrooms / hallways. Sit down with head between knees if possible. Close interior doors and windows.

Active / Imminent Threat to Life – 1st Run from active area if possible; 2nd Secure in Place, Hide; 3rd Fight / defend position.

People - Training Evacuation locations

People – Training Detail

Train Staff with more detail Fire extinguisher Teach to Lead others Teachers –

Stop drop roll If hot , smoke, stay low Keep calm Don’t go get your kids

The Fire Triangle

Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.

The Fire Triangle

1. Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion

2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature

3. Some FUEL or combustible material

Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION that is fire

Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:

Take away any of these things and the fire will be extinguished

Fuel Classifications

Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning.

If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse.

Its very important to understand the four different fire (fuel) classifications…

Fuel ClassificationsClass A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics—solids that are not metals.Class B: Flammable liquids—gasoline, oil, grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases.Class C: Electrical—energized electrical equipment. As long as it’s “plugged in.”Class D: Metals—potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents.

Fuel ClassificationsMost fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is designed to fight.For example, a simple water extinguisher might have a label like this…

…which means it should only be used on Class A fires.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire.The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:

1. Water (APW)2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)4. Not-Common - Type K (Ansul

Kitchen)

Types of Fire Extinguishers1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers

Large silver fire extinguishers that stand about 2 feet tall and weigh about 25 pounds when full.

APW stands for “Air-Pressurized Water.”

Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurized air, they are essentially large squirt guns.


APW’s extinguish fire by taking away the “heat” element of the Fire Triangle.


APW’s are designed for Class A fires only:Wood, paper, cloth.

Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause the fire to spread.Using water on an electrical fire increases the risk of electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an APW on an electrical fire, make sure the electrical equipment is un-plugged or de-energized.

Types of Fire Extinguishers2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

CO2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 5 lbs to 100 lbs or larger. On larger sizes, the horn will be at the end of a long, flexible hose.

The pressure in a CO2 extinguisher is so great, bits of dry ice may shoot out of the horn!


CO2s will frequently be found in laboratories, mechanical rooms, kitchens, and flammable liquid storage areas.

CO2’s are designed for Class B and C(Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources)fires only!

In accordance with NFPA regulations (and manufacturers’ recommendations), all CO2 extinguishers at OSU undergo hydrostatic testing and recharge every 5 years.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.

Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes away the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Without oxygen, there is no fire.


Class A materials may also smolder and re-ignite.

A CO2 may be ineffective in extinguishing a Class A fire because it may not be able to displace enough oxygen to successfully put the fire out.

Types of Fire Extinguishers3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire. These extinguishers are very effective at putting out fire.

Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust. This separates the fuel from the oxygen in the air.


At Faith, “ABC” fire extinguishers are filled with a fine white or yellow powder. The extinguishers are pressurized with nitrogen.

ABC extinguishers are red. On campus, they range in size from 5 to 20 lbs.


You may see them labeled:• DC (for “Dry Chemical”)• ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires)• BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)

Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types…


An “ABC” extinguisher will have a label like this, indicating it may be used on Class A, B and C fires.

It is extremely important to identify which types of dry chemical extinguishers are located in your area!

You don’t want to mistakenly use a “BC” extinguisher on a Class A fire thinking that it was an “ABC” extinguisher.

Types of Fire Extinguishers4. Type K-Guard – Ansul Kitchen

• Fast Flame Knock-Down and Securement of Grease-Related Fires• Provides a Cooling Effect Which Further Enhances Its Ability to• Prevent Reflash• Designed for a Wide Variety of Restaurant Hazards• Listed by (UL) as Part of the R-102 Restaurant System• Ease of Recharge and Post-Fire Cleanup• Non- Corrosive•As the agent is sprayed in fine droplets (atomized) onto an appliance grease fire, it provides excellent flame knock- down, surface-cooling, and fire-securing capabilities.

Only in Kitchen

How to Use a Fire ExtinguisherIt’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:

Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Pull the pin…

This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher


Aim at the base of the fire…

Hit the fuel, apx 8 ft away. If you aim at the flames...… the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.


Squeeze the top handle…

This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent.


Sweep from side to side…

.. until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward.Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.

Fire Extinguisher PM Map

Fire - Systems

Types of Manufactures / Monitoring / Service Simplex Tyco / ADT Siemens Firelite Notifier Silent Knight Edwards ADT GE

Map of SensorsDevices Color Type Number matches Panel

Map Un-sprinkled Color Type Ceiling smoke vs Duct

Fire - Systems Sensors

Smoke Ion Photo Laser

Heat CO2 vs CO Actuated Valves moved – position sensor Water Flow Sensors Pull Station

Fire - Systems

Alarm Horn Strobe / Audible level Signal / Visual Level Timing / Sync Battery Back-up Multiple Buildings / Locations Signal in remote locations – if related

Fire – Systems

Monitoring Response Call list 2 – connections to station Detail Data vs basic Supervisory / Alarm / Trouble Battery Putting in Test Testing – of system

Your System

Installation Manual Operating Manual Programming Manual Type of Loop

Closed Open Voltage Diodes Isolation Resistor / EOL

Basic System

SLC - Loop Device Name Loop that it is on Location vs Name Type

Fire - Systems

Sprinkler Wet Dry Halon CO2 Chemical

Riser RPZ – Backflow / Hotbox PIV – Position Indication valve

Sprinkler

Sprinkler Heads

Fire Systems Contracts

RPZ Backflow

Fire Protection

What can you add or update to your PM Schedule What Training do you need to add What contracts do you need to audit / renew /

cancel What updates do you need to make to Building What storage needs to be moved What signs need to be installed

fire protection systems for facilities managers

Government & Nonprofit