fire hazards analysis the ornl approach jeff sipes fire protection engineer april 17, 2007
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Fire Hazards Analysis the ORNL Approach
Jeff SipesFire Protection Engineer
April 17, 2007
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
2April 2007
The Problem
From 1991 to 2004 FHAs had become the catch-all repository to
document fire protection issues FHAs had become approval type documents FHA size increased significantly Annual cost to update/maintain FHAs increased FHA evaluated risk via recommendations The FHA and DSA were regularly
not consistent and sometimes conflicting
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
3April 2007
FHAs and DSAs
Section 4.16 of the Implementation Guide
It is recognized, however, that because an FHA is based on the premise that a fire will occur and considers fire safety issues (property loss and program discontinuity potential) that are not normally considered in the SAR, the conclusions of the FHA may be more conservative than would normally be developed by a SAR alone. Nevertheless, the FHA and its conclusions should be addressed in the facility SAR…
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
4April 2007
Does Anyone know The first official direction for FHAs at DOE
facilities?
History of FHAs
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
5April 2007
5480.7 Fire Protection (May 1991)Fire Hazards Analyses. The purpose of a fire hazards analysis (FHA) is to comprehensively assess
the risk from fire within individual fire areas in a DOE facility in relation to existing or proposed fire protection so as to ascertain whether the objectives of Chapter I, Section 4, are met. An FHA shall be performed for new facilities (as directed by DOE 6430.1A), for new and existing nuclear facilities, or as directed by the AHJ. An FHA shall contain, but not be limited to, the following elements:
(1) Description of construction.(2) Essential safety class equipment.(3) Fire protection features.(4) Description of fire hazards.(5) Life safety considerations.(6) Critical process equipment.(7) High value property.(8) Damage potential: Maximum Credible Fire Loss (MCFL) and Maximum Possible Fire
Loss (MPFL).(9) Fire Department/Brigade response.(10) Recovery potential.(11) Potential for a toxic, biological and/or radiation incident due to a fire.(12) Emergency planning.(13) Security & Safeguards considerations related to fire protection.(14) Natural hazards (earthquake, flood, wind) impact on fire safety.(15) Exposure fire potential, including the potential for fire spread between fire areas.
An FHA shall be performed under the direction of a qualified fire protection engineer.
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
6April 2007
Memorandum onGuidance on Performance of FHAs
Memorandum From Joseph E. Fitzgerald, Jr November 7, 1991
Provided interim guidance on the development of FHAs Term “Comprehensively and qualitatively” Level of detail is directly related to facility
complexity and potential risk
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
7April 2007
5480.7A Fire Protection (2-17-93)Fire Hazards Analyses. The purpose of a fire hazards analysis (FHA) is to comprehensively assess
the risk from fire within individual fire areas in a DOE facility in relation to existing or proposed fire protection so as to ascertain whether the objectives of paragraph 4, are met. A graded FHA, that reflects the risks from fire in a facility, shall be performed for new facilities as directed by DOE 6430.1A, for nuclear facilities where safety analysis are required by DOE 5480.23, and as directed by the PSO. A Safety Analysis Report (SAR) that address the following elements will satisfy the requirement for an FHA. A graded FHA shall contain, but not be limited to, the following elements:
(a) Description of construction.(b) Protection of essential safety class equipment.(c) Fire protection features.(d) Description of fire hazards.(e) Life safety considerations.(f) Critical process equipment.(g) High value property.(h) Damage potential: Maximum Credible Fire Loss (MCFL) and Maximum Possible Fire Loss
(MPFL).(i) Fire Department/Brigade response.(j) Recovery potential.(l) Potential for a toxic, biological and/or radiation incident due to a fire.(m) Emergency planning.(n) Security considerations related to fire protection.(o) Natural hazards (earthquake, flood, wind) impact on fire safety.(p) Exposure fire potential, including the potential for fire spread between fire areas.
An FHA shall be performed under the direction of a qualified fire protection engineer.
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
8April 2007
420.1 Facility Safety (10-13-95)
Fire hazards analysis (FHA) for all nuclear facilities, significant new facilities and facilities that represent unique or significant fire safety risks. The FHA shall be developed using a graded approach. The conclusions for the FHA shall be incorporated in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) Accident Analysis and shall be integrated into design basis and beyond design basis accident conclusions.
Implementation Guide for use with DOE Orders 420.1 and 440.1 Fire Safety Program.
Section 4 Fire hazards Analyses
16 paragraphs of direction for FHAs
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
9April 2007
420.1A Facility Safety (5-2-02)
Fire hazards analysis (FHA) for all nuclear facilities, significant new facilities and facilities that represent unique or significant fire safety risks. The FHA shall be developed using a graded approach. The conclusions for the FHA shall be incorporated in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) Accident Analysis and shall be integrated into design basis and beyond design basis accident conclusions.
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10April 2007
New Approach (at least for ORNL)
Back to the basics Comprehensively assess the risk from fire within
individual fire areas FHA shall be developed using a graded approach Conclusions for the FHA shall be carried forward
incorporated in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) Accident Analysis
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
11April 2007
Step 1: Remove Unnecessary Data
Transient Facility Data
System Descriptive Data
Calculations and Secondary Assessments
Duplicative information
REASON: The above information can fluctuate without impacting the FHA Conclusions
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
12April 2007
Transient Facility Data
Eliminated data/descriptions which: Were not fixed and could be modified without a
work control document Examples include:
Office layout Room contents Identification of portable equipment
This information was moved to a routine assessment type document and updated at least annually
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
13April 2007
System Design Descriptions
Targeted System Designed Descriptions Automatic Suppression Systems Fire Barrier Systems Manual Fire Protection Fire Detection and Alarm Systems Egress Systems
Initially, this data was moved to an FHA Appendix pending the SDD Development
Develop SDDs using DOE-STD-3024
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
14April 2007
Calculations & Secondary Assessments
Exposure Protection Assessment
Lightning Protection Assessment
Underground Water System Assessment
Wildland Fire Exposure Assessment
Any applicable fire modeling
Moved to Fire Protection Assessment/Calculation Receives the same rigor of a design calculation
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
15April 2007
Duplicative Information
Thoroughly scanned the document to remove information stated in multiple sections of the FHA.
All information was given a “primary home” in the document. Secondary uses of that data was by reference
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
16April 2007
Step 2: Restructure the FHA
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY USE
3.0 FIRE PROTECTION
4.0 FIRE HAZARDS
5.0 LIFE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
6.0 FACILITY EQUIPMENT/ PROGRAM PRESERVATION
7.0 PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
9.0 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS/APPROVALS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES (as necessary)
Currently holding system data until SDDs are developed
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
17April 2007
Step 3: Production
Produce FHA using the MSWord Manual Publishing tools Document & Sub-document Section Control and Change Tracking
Use conclusions from the supporting documents in the FHA
Place all documents under the appropriate configuration management process
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
18April 2007
Step 4: Develop Update Tools
Change Tracking Need a process that ensures changes are
tracked and the FHA is reviewed for impacts
ORNL FHA Screening Review
FPE Approval Form
ORNL SAR review/Screening Process
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
19April 2007
Benefits of the change
FHAs which better assess the risks analyze field conditions are bounding are easier to maintain Contain the DSA fire analysis consistent with the DSA
FHAs which are Less Costly, both:
Financially
Personnel time
FHAs that are Up-to-Date, Living Documents
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
20April 2007
Trade-offs
FHAs are no longer “one-stop-shop” documents Changes to conclusions of input documents required a
change to the FHA Can seem complicated to manage multiple documents
A larger number of smaller documents under configuration management
Actually: Initial data indicates the FHAs are easier to manage and easier to update.