financial regulations - i p o
TRANSCRIPT
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IPO Book Building
PRESENTATION
on
IPOs Through Book
BuildingRegulatory Frame work and
Case studies
(Part II)
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SEBI Registered intermediariesMarket Intermediaries As on 31st March 1993 1998 2006 2008 2009
Stock Exchanges (Cash Market) 21 22 22 19 20
Stock Exchanges (Derivatives) NA NA 2 2 2
Brokers (Cash Segment) 5290 9005 9339 9464 9628
Corporate Brokers (Cash Segment) NA 2976 3933 4138 4308
Sub-brokers (Cash Segment) NA 3760 23479 41081 60947
Brokers (Derivative) NA NA 1120 1414 1587
Foreign Institutional Investors 18 496 882 1303 1626
Custodians NA NA 11 15 16
Depositories NA 1 2 2 2
Depository Participants NA 52 526 653 714
Merchant Bankers 74 802 130 151 134
Bankers to an Issue NA 72 60 50 51
Underwriters NA 43 57 35 19
Debenture Trustees NA 32 32 28 30
Credit Rating Agencies NA NA 4 5 5
Venture Capital Funds NA NA 80 104 132
Foreign Venture Capital Investors NA NA 39 97 129
RTI and STA NA 334 83 76 71
Portfolio Managers 28 16 132 201 232
Mutual Funds NA 38 38 39 44
Collective Investment Schemes NA NA 0
Approved Intermediaries (Stock Lending Schemes) NA 1 3 3
NA: Not Available Source SEBI Bulletin
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Resource mobilized from primary markets
Year
Total Category-wise
No. Amount Public Rights
Rs in Crs No. Amount No. Amount
Public Rs Crs Rights Rs Crs
1993-94 1143 24372 773 15449 370 8923
1995-96 1725 20804 1426 14240 299 6564
1999-00 93 7817 65 6257 28 1560
2002-03 26 4070 14 3639 12 431
2003-04 57 23272 35 22265 22 1007
2004-05 60 28256 34 24640 26 3616
2005-06 139 27382 103 23294 36 4088
2006-07 124 33508 85 29797 39 3711
2007-08 124 87029 92 54511 32 32518
2008-09 46 14719 21 2082 25 12637
Source SEBI Bulletin
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Size wise classification
Year Total < 5 cr.>5 cr 50cr 100 cr.
No. Rs No. Rs No. Rs No. Rs No. Rs
1995-96 1725 20804 1066 3183 593 6177 43 2934 23 8511
2002-03 26 4070 2 6 11 263 0 0 13 3801
2003-04 57 23272 6 16 21 366 5 351 25 22539
2004-05 60 28256 2 3 22 505 11 723 25 27025
2005-06 139 27382 6 20 51 1377 33 2189 49 23815
2006-07 124 33508 3 10 46 1174 31 2386 44 29938
2007-08 124 87029 4 16 34 926 25 1669 61 84418
2008-09 46 14720 1 3 22 516 9 1222 14 12978
Source SEBI Bulletin
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Regulatory Considerations for Issuers coming out with IPOs
Companies seeking a listing must adhere to the SEBI (DIP) Guidelines, SCRA Rules
and the listing requirements/policies of the stock exchange they wish to list on
FDI/FIIFDI/FII
policypolicyListingListingRegulatory Considerations
SEBI (DIP)
Guidelines/SCRA
Rules
Exchange
Requirements/
Policies
Either
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Indian Public offerings Listing on the Bourses
Eligibility Considerations
Company with :Profitability track record for 3 out of 5 years
Networth of minimum Rs. 1 crores in each preceding 3 years
Net tangible assets of at least Rs.3 crores in each preceding 3 years
Issue Size >5 times preIssue Size >5 times pre--issueissue
networthnetworth
Bookbuilt IPO with atBookbuilt IPO with at
least 50% allocation toleast 50% allocation to
QIBsQIBs
Fixed Price IPOFixed Price IPO
OROR
Bookbuilt IPOBookbuilt IPO
Bookbuilt IPO with at least 50% allocation to QIBs
Minimum post issue face value of capital is Rs.10 Cr
At least 50% participation by FIs / Banks of which at
least 10% is from appraiser(s)
Minimum post-issue face value of capital is Rs.10 Cr
OROR
NONOYESYES
YESYES NONO
Conditions laid down by SEBI
Partnership firms or companies formed out of division of an existing company : Eligibility needs to be considered on the
accounts recast as per Schedule VI of the Companies Act 1956
No outstanding Warrants or Financial Instruments with option to convert into equity shares at a later date, except ESOPs;
No company shall make a public or rights issue unless partly paid shares are made fully paid up or forfeited;
Means of finance other than issue to be firmed up to the extent of 75% of the same;
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Eligibility Criteria - Exemptions
Banking company set up under sub-section (c) of Section 5 of theBanking Regulation Act, 1949 and which has received license
from the Reserve Bank of India,
OR
Under the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of
Undertaking) Act, 1970 Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer
ofUndertaking) Act, 1980, State Bank of India Act 1955 and State
Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959
Infrastructure company (exempt from Rule 19(2)b also)
Whose project has been appraised by a Public Financial Institution or
Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation (IDFC) or
Infrastructure Leasing and Financing Services Ltd. (IL&FS) and
Not less than 5% of the project cost is financed by FI/IDFC/ILFS, by
way of loan or subscription to equity or a combination of both.
Rights issue by a listed company (exempt from Rule 19(2)b also)
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Net Offer to the publicNet Offer to the publicAt least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotmentsAt least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotments
Net Offer to the publicNet Offer to the publicAt least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotmentsAt least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotments
At least 10% of the post issue equity is to be
offered to the public
At least two million securities are offered to
the public (excluding reservation, firm
allotment and promoters contribution)
The size of the net offer to the public is at
least Rs. 1,000 mn
The offering is to be through book
building with minimum 60%
allocation to QIBs
Companies providing Infrastructure
facility
Government Companies, with
specific exemption from SEBI
ExceptionException
SEBISEBI SCRASCRA
Indian Public offerings Listing on the Bourses
Minimum Offer Size
Conditions Laid Down by SEBI
NoNo
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A
llocation BucketsNet Offer to the publicNet Offer to the public
At least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotmentsAt least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotmentsNet Offer to the publicNet Offer to the public
At least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotmentsAt least 25% of the post issue equity , excluding reservation/firm allotments
NoNo
SEBISEBI
SCRASCRA
At least 50% to the QIBs
Not less than 35% to RetailInvestors
Not less than 15% to Non
Institutional Investors
YesYes
At least 60% to the QIBs
Not less than 30% to Retail Investors
Not less than 10% to Non Institutional
Investors
Indian Public Offerings Listing on the Bourses
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Other Regulations for compliance
FDI PolicyFDI Policy
RBI/FEMARBI/FEMA
Sector specificSector specific
regulatorsregulators
Cap on foreign holding for Print Media, Broadcasting companies
FDI restricted in retail sector
FDI restricted in real estate sector
Restriction on holding in Banking Sector
Offer for sale requires FIPB/RBI permission
FII limits and Sub-account limits
Monitoring of FDI/FII limits on the secondary market
Information & Broadcasting ministry
Telecom
Insurance
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Indian Public Offerings Listing on the Bourses
Promoter Contribution
IneligibilityIneligibility
for Promoterfor Promoter
ContributionContribution
Following securities during the preceding 3 years
Acquired for consideration other than cash
Out ofBonus issue, out of revaluation reserves or reserves without accrual of cashresources
Shares acquired in preceding one year at a price lower than the Offer price
Exception made to shares acquired pursuant to scheme of merger
Pledged shares (ref 30th April 2007)
PromoterPromoter
Promoter includes person or persons :
Who are in over-all control of the company OR named in prospectus as
promoters;
Who are instrumental in the formulation of a plan or program pursuant
to which the securities are offered to the public
PromoterPromoter
ContributionContribution
Promoters shareholding not to be less than 20% of the post issue capital
In case of a shortfall, promoter to bring in full amount of promoters contribution
atleast one day prior to the issue opening date at the IPO valuation
Listed Companies, exempted, if having a track record of 3 year profitability
Participation in excess of 20% will attract preferential pricing
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Indian Public Offerings Listing on the Bourses
Lockup Provisions
Minimum promoter contribution to be locked in for period of three year
Excess promoter contribution to be locked in for a period of one year
Shortfall in firm allotment subscribed by the promoters to be locked in for a
period of one year
Inter-se transfer of shares among promoters or pre issue holders subject
to continuation of residual lock-in period
PromoterPromoter
ContributionContribution
OthersOthers
Relaxation ofRelaxation of
lock inlock inconditionsconditions
Pre issue capital locked in for a period of 1 years
Except
Held by SEBI registered Venture Funds for period of one year
Held for a period of one year at the time of filing of the prospectus
with SEBI and Offered for sale
Held by employees issued under a SEBI compliant ESOP scheme
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BOOK BUILDINGBOOK BUILDING
(Regulatory Framework)(Regulatory Framework)
1414thth Aug 2003Aug 2003
2828thth May 2004May 2004
2929thth March 2005March 2005 1919thth Sept 2005Sept 2005
2222ndnd January 2006January 2006
3030thth April 2007April 2007
2929thth November 2007November 2007 2424thth Feb 2009Feb 2009
99thth July 2009July 2009
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CONCEPT OF GREEN SHOE OPTION
SIMPLE THEORY OF ECONOMICS
OVER ALLOTMENT OF SHARES
APPROVAL OF SHAREHOLDERS
MONEY RECEIVED THROUGH THISPROCESS USED FOR STABILISATION
ADDITIONAL ALLOTMENT UPTO 15% OFISSUE SIZE
LENDING BY PROMOTERS
STABILIZING AGENT (SA) BRLM
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CONCEPT OF GREEN SHOE OPTION
DISCLOSURES IN OFFER DOCUMENT
GSO BANK AND DEMAT ACCOUNT
SA CAN ONLY BUY IF MARKET PRICEIS BELOW ISSUE PRICE
SA CANNOT SELL SINGLE SHARE
CANNOT BUY BEYOND OVER
ALLOTMENT
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CONCEPT OF GREEN SHOE OPTION
ADDITIONAL ALLOTMENT IN CASEOF SHORTFALL
BALANCE TRANSFERRED TO IPF OFSE
AVAILABLE FOR 30 DAYS ONLY
CALLED SO AFTER A COMPANYNAMED GS ADOPTED THIS CONCEPTIN ITS IPO
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Green shoe option
XYZ Limited
Existing capital by Mr.A - 300 lakh shares
Issue Size - 200 lakh shares
GSO (15%) - 30 lakh shares
Shares lent by Mr.A - 30 lakh shares
XYZ Limited
Existing capital by Mr.A - 300 lakh shares
Issue Size - 200 lakh shares
GSO (15%) - 30 lakh shares
Shares lent by Mr.A - 30 lakh shares
Promoter holding on IPO - 270 lakh shares
Public holding - 230 lakh shares
Issue price - Rs.100/share
Promoter/Lender - Mr. A
GSO Bank A/c. - Rs.30 Crores
Promoter holding on IPO - 270 lakh shares
Public holding - 230 lakh shares
Issue price - Rs.100/share
Promoter/Lender - Mr. A
GSO Bank A/c. - Rs.30 Crores
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SITUATIONS EMERGING AT THE END OF 30 DAYS
GSO BANK A/C GSO DEMAT A/C ACTION TO FOLLOW POSTISSUECAPITAL
%OFPROMOTORHOLDING
1 Rs.30 Crores NIL Transfer 30 Cr. To XYZ Ltd. Co.to allott 30 lakh shares to Mr. A
530 lakhshares
300/530=57%
2 Rs.30 Cr.-Rs.27 Cr = Rs.3Cr. To IPF
30 lakh shares @Rs.90/share
Transfer 30 lakh shares to Mr.A
500 lakhshares
300/500 =60%
3 30Cr.-9Cr. = 21 Cr. 21-20= 1 Cr. To IPF
10 lakh shares @Rs.90/ shares
Transfer 10 lakh shares to Mr.A. Transfer Rs.20 Cr. To XYZLtd. XYZ Ltd. To allot 20 lakhshares to Mr.A
520 lakhshares
300/520 =58%
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What is ASBA? 30th July 2008
ASBA is an application forsubscribing to an issue
containing an authorisation toblock the application money ina bank account
APPLICATIONS SUPPORTED BY
BLOCKED ACCOUNTS
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Eligible investors
Resident Retail IndividualInvestors (INV RET)
Bidding at cut off with singleoption
Foregoes option to revise bid
Not under any reserved
categories
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ASBA ADVANTAGES
No Cheque to be issued and hence noclearing
Money lies in the a/c and earns interest Lien marked only to the extent of the
bid amount Money to be appropriated only on
allotment of shares
No physical refund involved No choking of the system Lesser movement of documents
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RESTRICTION ON SPLITTING PRE IPO
FACE VALUE Rs.10/- FOR ISSUE PRICE BELOW Rs.500/-
MINIMUM APPLICATION VALUE Rs.5,000/- TO Rs.7,000/-
FLEXIBILITY TO ISSUER FOR DETERMINING MINIMUM
APPLICATION LOT
ALLOTMENT ON PROPORTIONATE BASIS ROUNDED OF TONEAREST INTEGER
FACE VALUE IN RELATION TO ISSUE PRICE (RISKFACTOR)
GSO FOR ALL ISSUES
LENDING BY ANYONE HOLDING 5% OR MORE
BOOK BUILDING GUIDELINES DATED 28th May 2004
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BOOK BUILDING GUIDELINESDATED 29th March 2005
ENHANCING ALLOCATION FOR RETAILCATEGORY
25 TO 35% RETAIL
25 TO 15% HNI
50% QIB
DEFINITION OF RETAIL INVESTOR FROM50K TO 100K
BIDDING PERIOD REDUCED FROM 5 TO 10DAY TO 3 TO 7 DAYS
FOR LISTED COMPANIES ONE DAYBEFORE BIDS OPEN
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BOOK BUILDING GUIDELINES DATED 30th April 2007
Processing of draft offer documents
Observations within 30 days
15 days of receipt of satisfactory reply
In principle approval from all SEs
Comments on reference made to otheragencies
Grading of IPOs
By the agencies registered with SEBI
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Guidelines for preferential allotment
Pricing presupposes 6 months listing history
Less than 6 months complying with modified pricing anddisclosure norms
Guidelines for QIPs
1 year listing history Notice u/s 81 (1A)
Eligibility of pledged shares for computation ofminimum promoters contribution
Collateral security not eligible for computation ofminimum promoters contribution
BOOK BUILDING GUIDELINES DATED 30th April 2007
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24th February 2009 Enhancing validity period of SEBI observations 3 to 12 Months
Reducing time lines for Bonus Issues
Announcement of price band for IPO 2 working days prior toissue opening.
9th July 2009 Shares being allotted on conversion of CD DR etc to be
considered for promoters eligibility and lock in
Introduction of Anchor Investors
AI shall be QIBs
Minimum size 10 crores
One third for MF
Bidding to open 1 day before Issue opens
Allocation on discretionary basis (Min 2 for 250 crores & Min 5for more than 250 Crores
Info on public domain
Margin money of at least 25 % balance within 2 days of closure
BOOK BUILDING GUIDELINES Other important notifications
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9th July 2009 ( Continued ) Introduction of Anchor Investors
Bidding to open 1 day before Issue opens
Allocation on discretionary basis (Min 2 for 250crores & Min 5 for more than 250 Crores
Info on public domain
Margin money of at least 25 % balance within 2days of closure
If issued at lower price to pay the difference
If IPO price less than AI price no refund
Lock in for 30 days from date of Allotment
Related to BRLM disallowed to apply as AI Discretion with identified parameters available
for inspection by SEBI
AI can also apply in Public Issue in the QIBportion and such applications will not beconsidered as multiples.
BOOK BUILDING GUIDELINES Other important notifications
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BOOK BUILDINGBOOK BUILDING
IPO GRADING &IPO GRADING &
UNDERWRITINGUNDERWRITING
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Underwriting
Hard Underwriting Underwriter agrees to buy his commitment at its earliest
stage
Guarantees a fixed amount to the issuer from the issue
If the shares are not subscribed by investors, the issue isdevolved on underwriters and they have to bring in theamount by subscribing to the shares
Soft Underwriting Underwriter agrees to buy the shares at later stages as soon
as the pricing process is complete
Subsequently, he places those shares with InstitutionalInvestors
Also holds an option to invoke a force majeure (acts of God)clause In case there are certain factors beyond the control that can
affect the underwriter's ability to place the shares with the buyers
UNDERWRITING = INSURANCE
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Underwriting Conditions
Compulsory for Book Built Issue forNet Offer to the Public
Not compulsory for Fixed PriceIssue
Minimum 5% orRs.25 Lacs whichever is Less
20 times the Net worth ofthe Underwriter
BRLM to enter into Underwriting Agreement with Issuing
Company
Syndicate Memberto enter into Agreement with BRLMs
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BluPlast Industries (June 2006)
Fixed Price Issue Rs.10/- plus Rs. 22/- (1.1 Crore
shares)
Issue Opened on Monday, June 5, 2006
Issue Closed on Friday, June 9, 2006 Not Underwritten
Forthwith Refund the application money ifMinimum
Subscription not received (Clause 6.33.20 and
6.33.21)
Backgroundofthe Case
CriticalIssues
Underwriting is Not Compulsory in Fixed Price Issue (Clause 8.11.1)
Should Issue Company Underwrite?
Yes. It acts as Insurance
Extension of Time upto Twenty One Days
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Emaar MGF (Feb 2008)
Book Built Issue (Grade 4/5 by CARE)
Bid Opening Date Friday, February 1, 2008
Bid Closing Date Wednesday, February 6, 2008
Bid Closing Date Extended Monday, February 11, 2008
Withdrawal on Friday, 8 February 2008 Offer to Public - 10.4%
Original Price Band: Rs. 610/- to Rs. 690/-
First Revision : Rs. 540/- to Rs. 630/-
Second Revision: Rs. 530/- to Rs. 630/-
Issue Size Rs. 7,077 Crs (Higher End of Price Band) Revised Issue Size Rs. 5,436 Crs (Lower End of Price Band)
Backgroundofthe Case
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Emaar MGF (Feb 2008)
Book Built Issues Compulsory Underwriting (Clause11.3.3)
Pre-IPO Placement 1.5% (Circular dated March 31,2006)
Extension of Time 3 Days (Max of 13 Days)
Maximum Revision in Price + 20% w.r.t. Floor Price(11.3.1.(viii)(b))
Revision in Price Band 13.12% (w.r.t. Floor Price)
Rule 19(2)(b) of SCRR, Minimum 60% allotment toQIBs
CriticalIssues
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Wockhardt Hospitals (Jan 2008)
Book Built Issue (Grading 4/5 by FITCH)
Bid Opening Date Thursday, January 31, 2008
Bid Closing Date Tuesday, February 5, 2008
Bid Closing date Extended
Thursday, February 7, 2008 Issue Withdrawn on - Thursday, February 7, 2008 due to
poor response to Issue
Original Price Band Rs. 280/- to Rs. 310/-
Revised Price Band Rs. 225/- to Rs. 260/- (On
January 30, 2008, before Issue opening) Lot Size 20??????
Backgroundofthe Case
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Compulsory Underwriting
Provision of Pre-IPO placement in RHP, but no placementdone before issue
Extension of Time Two Days (Before the Date of Openingof the Bids)
Revision in Price + 20% w.r.t. Floor Price (Clause 11.3.1(viii)(b))
Revision in Price Band 19.64% (w.r.t. Floor Price)
50% allocation to QIBs
CriticalIssues
Wockhardt Hospitals (Jan 2008)
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Deccan Aviation (May 2006)
Book Built Issue for 2. 45 Crs shares
Bid Opening Date Thursday, May 2006
Bid Closing Date Tuesday, 23, 2008
Price Band ofRs. 150/- to Rs. 175/- per share
First Indian IPO to ever get extended
Meant to close on May 23, 2006 but the date wasextended till May 26, 2006
Price band was also changed Marginally to Rs. 146/-to Rs. 175/- per share
Deccan Aviation IPO had been Subscribed 1.23 on closure(May 26, 2006)
Backgroundofthe Case
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Deccan Aviation (May 2006)
Revision in Price
Extension of Time Friday, May 26,
2006 (Three Days)
Does it mean that the Issuer Companycannot extend the Time if there is NoRevision ?
End Result Issue was Subscribed
CriticalIssues
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IPO Grading (Unlisted Companies)
IPO Grading Compulsory from May 1, 2007 Five-point point scale Higher score indicating stronger Fundamentals and vice versa All the grades to be disclosed Activity to run parallel to the filing of draft offer document
Price of the IPO not taken into account for Grading
IPO Grade : Price Matrix
High Grade
High Price
High Grade
Low Price
Low Grade
High Price
Low Grade
Low Price
First IPO Grading
CRISIL
Kiri Dyes and Chemicals Ltd
2/5
(Subscription 1.3 times)
ICRA
SRS Entertainment 2/5
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IPO Grading (Unlisted Companies)
Business Prospects and Competitive Position
Industry Prospects
Company Prospects
Financial Position
Management Quality Corporate Governance Practices
Compliance and Litigation History
New Projects Risks and Prospects
Key Componentsof Investment Decision
Fundamental
Analysis
Returns
AnalysisInvestor
Preference
Factors ConsideredforIPO Grading
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IPO GRADING
Was grading not a factorin investors' decisionmaking process?
Or the bullish secondarymarket conditions willalways overweigh?
Good to remember thatIPOs can be floated only inbuoyant markets. Even thebest issues will not sell ina bear market
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IPO GRADING
It is being assumed bymost that IPO gradingis a perfect and anobjective process.
If it was, there are noproblems. In reality, itappears to be a hugelysubjective and animperfect process.
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TIME LINES
FOR AN
I P O
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Proposed timeline (post issue)
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8/7/2019 Financial Regulations - I P O
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8/7/2019 Financial Regulations - I P O
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