financial accounting part 4
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 4 Primary Books
Structure:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Introduction to Primary books
4.3 Journal
4.4 Ground rules of journal entry
4.5 Types of journal
4.6 Purchases Book /Purchases Day book
4.7 Sales Book or Sales Day book4.8 Purchase Returns Book
4.9 Sales Returns Book
4.10 Bills receivable book
4.11 Bills payable book
4.12 Cash book
4.1 Introduction
The accounting process actually begins with recording the transactions in anaccounting book. This book of original recording is called primary book and
of course all transactions are recorded basing on certain documents like
invoices, vouchers or receipts etc., All transactions should invariably be
entered through the primary accounting books. Other wise, the final results
of the business concern project a distorted position or end up in preparing
unreliable statements. So making entries in the primary books is the basis
for further accounting treatment such as posting to ledger, preparation of
trial balance etc.,
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Learning Objectives:
After studying this unit, you should be able to understand the following:1. To know the various primary books, containing original entries.
2. To record transactions in General Journal adopting debit and credit
principles.
3. To know in brief about subsidiary books
4. To open purchases day book and Purchase Returns Book.
5. To open Sales day book and Sales Returns Book.
6. To know about Bill Transactions.
7. To prepare Bills Receivable Book and Bills Payable Book.8. To open Cash Book with Cash column only.
9. To understand the preparation of Cash Book with Cash and Bank
Columns.
10. To understand the preparation of Cash Book with cash, bank and
discount columns.
11. To know the preparation of Petty Cash Book.
12. To know how to prepare ledger accounts from individual subsidiary
books.
4.2 Introduction to Primary Books
Journal is a book of original entry. In French, jour means a day. Therefore
journal is basically a day book in which transactions are first entered in a
systematic manner adopting the principles of debit and credit. If a business
organization is very small and the number of transactions taking place each
day are limited, then all the transactions can easily be recorded in the
journal. But it is not so, in case of organizations of large scale, where
hundreds of transactions take place. To facilitate convenient way of entering
transactions, journal is subdivided into several books of original entry,
namely purchases, sales, cash, bills receivable, bills payable, returns
inwards, returns outwards books. They are also regarded as primary books
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or subsidiary books. When once the transactions are recorded in the journal
or other subsidiary books, posting is made to ledger. It is also possible thatentries are made directly to ledger accounts without bringing them to journal
at all. However, to help in cross checking, both journal and ledger accounts
are prepared.
Self Assessment Questions1:
1. Book of original entry is called ______________________________.
2. Do you regard subsidiary books as primary books of original entry?
3. Transactions are first recorded in the journal and later posted to
____________________.
4.3 Journal
It is a book containing systematic recording of transactions. The entry made
is known as journal entry and the process of writing the journal entry is
called journalizing. Each page of the journal is numbered and it is called
journal folio (JF). Entries are made date wise and they reflect what account
is debited and what account is credited. The form of a journal is given
below.
JOURNAL
Date ParticularsLedgerFolio
Debit
Rs.
Credit
Rs.
2-4-2005 Cash A/c Dr
To Capital A/c
(Being capital brought in cash)
100000
100000
3-4-2005 Furniture A/c Dr
To cash A/c
(Being furniture purchased forcash)
20000 20000
The ledger folio mentioned in the third column indicates the number of page
in the ledger book where the respective account summary is stated. For
instance, the cash account is separately mentioned in page number 120 of
the ledger book, then the ledger folio is 120. Similarly the folio number is
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given to other accounts. Usually the entry is read as cash account debtor to
capital account and so on. For every journal entry, narration is given tobriefly describe the transaction.
Self Assessment Questions2:
1. What is journal?
2. What does a Ledger folio indicate ?
4.4 Ground rules of journal entry
As discussed earlier, a transaction affects at least two accounts and the
accounts may be personal or real or nominal. For each class of accounts,
the rules of debit and credit are also discussed. Debit the receiver and
credit the giver is the principle for personal accounts; debit what comes in
and credit what goes out is the rule for real accounts and debit all
expenses and losses and credit all incomes and gains is the rule for
nominal accounts.To draw journal entries, the following steps be followed:
a) Identify the accounts affected in the given transaction
b) Classify the accounts as personal, real or nominal
c) Apply the relevant rule for debit and credit to determine what account to
debit and what account to credit
d) Write the journal entry as described above.
e) Give the narration for the transaction.
Illustration1
Enter the following transactions in the books of Gopichand
1. 10-5-2004 Started business with capital of Rs.50000
2. 12-5-2004 Bought goods worth Rs.30000
3. 14-5-2004 Sold goods to Ram Charan for Rs.5000 for cash
4. 15-5-2004 Sold goods to Kanthilal Rs.12000 on credit
5. 20-5-2004 Paid wages to daily workers Rs.300
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Answer
Journal Entries in the books of Gopichand
Date Particulars LF Debit(Rs.)
Credit(Rs.)
10-5-04 Cash A/c Dr
To Capital A/c
(Being capital brought in cash)
5000050000
12-5-04 Goods A/c Dr
To Cash A/c
(Being Goods purchased for cash)
30000
30000
14-5-04 Cash A/c Dr
To Goods A/c
(Being goods sold on cash to RamCharan)
5000
5000
15-5-04 Kanthilal A/c Dr
To Goods a/c
(Being goods sold on credit to Kanthilal)
12000
12000
20-5-04 Wages A/c Dr
To Cash A/c
(Being wages paid to daily workers)
300
300
97300 97300
Note:
1. The fourth transaction is a credit transaction and so the name of thedebtor, Kanthilal is debited and the goods account is credited because
goods are going out and it is real account
2. The fifth transaction involves an expense and wages account is a
nominal account. It is thus debited and since cash account is real
account and it is going out and therefore it is credited.
3. At the end of accounting period, the total of debits should be equal to
total of credits.
Self Assessment Questions3:
1. All assets should be debited and all liabilities should be
___________________.
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2. When interest is received in cash, Cash account is debited and _____
account is credited3. If bank overdraft is raised, the overdraft account is ________ and cash
account is _____.
4. When creditors are paid out, ______is debited and _____________
account is credited.
5. If furniture is bought for cash from X Co Ltd., the company account is not
credited. Why?
6. If wages are paid for construction of business premises, ___________
A/c is debited and _____________ A/c is credited.7. Write the journal entries for the following transactions in the books of Y
Co Ltd.,
i) Advance of Rs. 500000 received from Damodar & Bros for the
supply of goods.
ii) Sales tax paid Rs. 40000
iii) Amount drawn from Bank of Baroda for miscellaneous expenses
Rs. 5000.
4.5 Types of Journal
Journal is a book of original entry and only one journal is maintained if the
business is very small in size and the transactions are limited. However, if
the transactions are multifarious, then subsidiary books which are known as
books of original entry are prepared. The types of journal include purchases
book, sales book, purchase returns book, sales returns book, bills
receivable book, bills payable book, cash book and journal proper. The
entries are made in these books straight without recording in usual journal.
From the respective books, posting is made to ledger. In fact, from the
entries made in the subsidiary books, journalizing can be done. A detailed
note is given in the following paragraphs on each of the subsidiary books.
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Self Assessment Questions 4: State True or False
1. All subsidiary books are also journal because they are books of originalentry. (True/False)
2. All such transaction which cannot be included under different subsidiary
books are entered in journal proper. (T/F)
3. Can we post the transactions to ledger accounts from the entries made
in subsidiary books ? (T/F)
4. The purpose of subsidiary books is to classify enumerable transactions
into various functional activities. (T/F)
4.6 Purchases Book/purchases day book
Purchases book is also called purchases journal. Only credit purchases of
goods are recorded in this journal. Goods mean items or commodities
procured for resale. Cash purchases are recorded in cash book and credit
purchases are recorded in purchases book. The form of a purchases book is
given below.
Purchases Book of Johnson and Johnson Co
Date Name of Supplier Ledger FolioInwardInvoice
No
Amount
Rs.
2006
August 5
8
16
Rao Bros, Bangalore
Snow white Co,
Best & Company
Total
567
87
146
36,000
45,000
29,000
1,10,000
Inward invoice is the document sent by the supplier while selling the goods.
Every invoice received is numbered and this number is stated in the
purchases book for reference. From the above entries made in the
purchases book, it is possible to record journal entries. Whenever,
purchases are made, goods account is debited because it is real account
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and the suppliers account is credited because the supplier is the giver and it
is personal account. The journal entries for the above transactions appearas under:
Journal entries in the books Johnson and Johnson Co.,
Date Particulars LFDebit
Rs.
Credit
Rs.
5-8-06 Goods A/c Dr
Rao Bros A/c
(Being goods purchased on credit)
36,000
36,000
8-8-06 Goods A/c Dr
Snow White Co A/c(Being Goods purchased on Credit)
45,000
45,000
16-8-06 Goods A/c Dr
To Best & Co A/c
29,000
29,000
Total 1,10,000 1,10,000
Observe that in every case of credit purchase, the suppliers account is
credited and goods account is debited.
At the end of the day or week or month, the total of purchases is transferred
to one ledger account known as Purchases account in the ledger.
Self Assessment Questions 5:
State True or False
1. All purchases cash or credit are entered into purchases day book. (T/F)
2. Purchases of goods and other assets can also be recorded in purchase
book. (T/F)
3. Inwards Invoice is a document to verify the quantity, price and other
details of goods purchased. (T/F)
4. Purchases made from Mr. Ganesh an credit Rs 6000, entered in the
purchases book. What is the journal entry ? (T/F)
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4.7 Sales book or Sales Day book
Sales book or sales day book contains the details of credit sales of goods
made during a particular period. The total of the sales book is transferred to
ledger to an account called sales account. The parties to whom credit sales
are made are known as trade debtors. All debtors are classified as personal
accounts and for each party, ledger account is prepared in the ledger. Sales
account shows credit balance and debtors account shows debit balance. A
pro forma of sales book is as given under.
Sales book of Raghu Medicals
Date Name of customer/debtorLedgerFolio
OutwardInvoice No.
Amount
Rs.
4-3-05 French Medicals 476 6,800
18-3-05 Mandara stores 477 19,200
28-3-05 Shaw Medical and General Stores 478 85,000
Total 1,11,000
Outward Invoice number is the number of the invoice issued by the
businessman to the customer. The total of Rs. 1,11,000 will be transferred
to sales account in the ledger. Similarly the respective ledger accounts of
the customers will be prepared in the ledger.
Self Assessment Questions 6:
1. Sales day book contains only credit sales of goods made. (T/F)
2. Sale of any other asset other than goods is also recorded in sales day
book. (T/F)
3. Persons to whom sales are made on credit are called ________.
4. Outward invoice is a document issued to customer, when the goods are
sold on credit. (T/F)
4.8 Purchase Returns Book
When the businessman purchases the goods and finds that the goods are
not as per the specifications or the goods are damaged or for any other valid
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reason, he may decide to return the goods to the supplier from whom the
goods were purchased. All such purchase returns are recorded in a journalcalled purchase returns book. Normally the suppliers account is credited
when the purchases are made. If the goods are returned, then a debit note
will be sent and the number of debit note is recorded in the purchase returns
book.
Purchase Returns Book of Johnson and Johnson Co.,
Date Name of supplierLedger
folioDebit note
No.
Amount
Rs.
2006 August, 12 Snow White Co 25 5000
24 Best & Co 26 7000
Total 12,000
The total of the book is transferred to ledger to an account called purchase
returns account, which shows credit balance. The respective personal
accounts of the suppliers/creditors are debited in their respective ledger
accounts.
Self Assessment Questions 7:
1. Purchase returns are also called returns outwards. (T/F)
2. Purchase returns take place when the goods bought are not as for the
specification. (T/F)
3. When goods, bought, are returned, suppliers account is _________ and
purchase return account is _____________.
4. Debit note is a document to slow the supplies account being debited.
(T/F)
4.9 Sales Returns Book
Just as goods which do not conform with specifications are sent back to
suppliers, our customers may also send the goods sold to them back to us
owing to similar reasons. Then a credit note is prepared to show that the
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customers/debtors account is credited to the extent of the value of the
goods returned by them to us. Goods are received from the customers anda credit note is sent to them.
Sales Returns Book of Raghu Medicals
Date Name of customer/debtor LFCredit
Note No.
Amount
Rs.
10-3-05 French Medicals 56 2,000
30-3-05 Shaw Medicals and Gen. Stores 57 4,000
Total 6,000
As usual the total of the book is transferred to an account called salesreturns account in the ledger and this account shows debit balance. The
respective personal accounts of the customers are credited with the value of
the goods returned by them.
Self Assessment Questions 8:
1. Sales return are also called returns inwards. (T/F)
2. Credit not is a document to indicate that the goods are recived as
returned by customers. (T/F)
3. Credit noted is sent by _____________ to __________.
4.10 Bills Receivable Book
When a businessman sells goods on credit, he does not receive cash
immediately. But the businessman requires cash for which he draws a bill of
exchange against the customer and the customer accepts it. Such a bill of
exchange can be discounted with a banker for commission. The
businessman who draws the bill is called drawer and the customer on whom
it is drawn is drawee or acceptor. So bill of exchange is a document in
writing, promising to pay a certain sum of money or moneys worth to the
drawer at a certain date for value received. The businessman maintains a
journal/ subsidiary book containing the details of the bills receivable. The
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bills receivable account shows debit balance and the amount receivable
against them is an asset.
Bills Receivable Book of Sham Sundar & Co.,
No. ofthe bill
Date ofReceipt
Date ofthe bill
FromWhom
received
Acceptor
Wherepayable
Term ofthe bill
Due Date LFAmount
Rs.Remarks
1 04-7-04 04-7-04 Mr.X Mr. X Delhi 3 mths 7-10-04 7,000
2 1-8-04 01-8-04 Mr. Y Mr. Y Noida 4 mths 4-12-04 9,000
3 9-9-04 09-9-04 Mr. A Mr. A Agra 3 mths 12-12-04 12,000
4 10-9-04 10-9-04 Mr. B Mr. B Delhi 4 mnth 13-1-05 10,000
38,000
For every bill the due date is calculated after adding three days of grace.The person from whom the bill is received and the person who accepted the
bill could be the same person or different persons. The total of the bill
receivable is transferred to bills receivable account in the ledger.
Self Assessment Questions 9:
1. A bill is an instrument in writing similar to that of a promissory note. (T/F)
2. Who is a drawer of a bill of exchange in a business ?
3. Who is the acceptor of a bill of exchange in a business ?
4. Bills Receivable account shows _____________- balance.
5. Can bills receivable be discounted ?
4.11 Bills Payable Book
What is bills receivable for a drawer, is bills payable to the drawee. In a
business concern, proprietor draws bills on debtors and accepts bills drawn
by trade creditors. All such bills accepted by the proprietor are recorded in a
separate book called bills payable book. The sum of the value of bills
payable for a period ending will be transferred to the ledger. Usually bills
payable account shows credit balance and hence is a liability. The form of
bills payable book is given here under.
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Bills Payable Book of Sun Shine Co.,
No.ofthebill
Dateofthebill
To whomgiven
Drawer PayeeWhere
payableTerm ofthe bill
Duedate
LFAmount
Rs
Datepaid
Re-marks
1 2000
June07
Ram & Co Ram &Co
Ram& Co.
Agra 3 months 2000
Sept10
56,000
2 June12
Sundaram Sundaram Sundaram
Delhi 4 months Oct15
72,000
3 June20
KV & Co KV & Co KV &Co
Chennai 5 months Nov23
50,000
Total 1,78,000
Self Assessment Questions 10:
1. Bills accepted by the proprietor of the business and drawn by supplies
are called _________.
2. Every bill has ________ number of grace days .
3. Bill payable account shows _________ balance.
4. Bill payable represent ________.
5. when bills payable account is credited ________ account is debited.
4.12 Cash Book
Cash book is an important subsidiary book and a book of original entry. It is
a record of cash receipts and cash payments made during a particular
period. On the right hand side, receipts are recorded and on the left hand
side, payments are recorded. A simple cash book has two sides, receipts
side and payment side. The receipts are on debit side and the payments are
on credit side. Just as a ledger account, the words To and By are used.
Cash book may also contain cash column and bank column. Cash column
represents cash in the business and bank column represents cash kept in
the bank. Bank column of cash book is a reflection of bank pass book.
In this connection, it is important to note that in a few transactions, affecting
both cash and bank accounts, contra entries are drawn. For example, cash
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is deposited in the bank is a transaction in which cash goes out and bank is
the receiver. In cash account, it is recorded as payment and in bank accountit is treated as a receipt. Similarly when cash is withdrawn from bank for
office purpose, contra entry is drawn, debiting cash account and crediting
bank account.
Cash book containing cash and bank columns is known as two column cash
book. In the case of three column cash book, on the receipt side, cash, bank
and discount allowed columns are stated. On the credit side, cash, bank and
discount received columns are mentioned.
Single column Cash Book of Rekha & Bros
Date Receipts Cash
Rs.
Date Payments Cash
Rs.
2003
July 1
4
10
20
28
30
To Balance b/d
To Sales
To Interest on FD
To Commission
To Sale of goods
To Balagopalan
4,500
8,050
2,000
4,000
10,000
5,000
2003
July 1
3
14
20
28
31
By Rent of shop
By Postage
By Purchases
By Stationery
By wages
By Narasimhan
By balance c/d
500
50
7,000
800
2,000
9,000
13,800
33,550 33,550
Two-Column Cash Book of Sampson Co.,
Date ReceiptsCash(Rs.)
Bank(Rs.)
Date PaymentsCash(Rs)
Bank(Rs)
2003
Apr 5
6
7
11
20
To Balance b/d
To Sales
To Ashok Co
To Beta Co
To Sales
1,500
900
500
13,000
2,000
2,350
2003
April 2
5
8
15
30
By Wages
By Electricity
By repairs
By Yenki Ltd
By Balance
c/d
50
400
2,350
400
10,800
6,150
2,800 17,350 2,800 17,350
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Three-Column Cash Book of Janardhan Works
Date Receipts DiscountRs
CashRs
BankRs
Date Payments DiscountRs
CashRs
BankRs
2002
Jan 2
5
10
15
30
31
To balance b/d
To Patel
To Neelima
To Bank C
To Cash C
To Dividendfrom X Co
100
3,700
2,400
3,000
4,500
6,000
1,000
2,000
2002
Jan 6
3
15
22
30
31
31
By wages
By Agarwal
By Cash C
By drawings
By Bank C
By rent
By bal c/d
50
1,550
950
1,000
5,600
3,000
2,000
1,500
7,000
100 9,100 13,500 50 9,100 13,500
Note the following points from the above illustration:
a) Discount column on the debit side represents discount allowed and on
the credit side, it represents discount received. Balancing is not done for
these columns for a simple reason to find out separately the discount
allowed and received.
b) There are two contra entries each on 15th and 30th. On 15th the
transaction is cash withdrawn from bank Rs. 3,000. It is a payment from
bank and it is receipt to business cash. Similarly on 30
th
Cash isdeposited to bank Rs.1000. It is a receipt to the bank account and
payment from cash account.
c) To indicate contra entry, C is mentioned against the entry.
d) Drawings represent the amount withdrawn from bank for business
purposes.
e) Dividend from X Co is received by cheque and the company should have
remitted the dividend directly to the bank account of the businessman.
f) The balance c/d is the closing balance for the month of January 2002
and this becomes opening balance for February, 2002.
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Self Assessment Questions 11:
State True or False1. Cash book and cash account are one and the same. (T/F)
2. Cash book may be single column, two column or three column are. (T/F)
3. Trade discount allowed to customers or received from suppliers are not
recorded in cash book.
4. cash discount allowed to customers appears an ____ side of cash book.
Cash discount received appears are ____ side of cash book.
5. discount columns are independently totaled and not balanced. (T/F)
6. Bank columns of cash book indicates Bank transations made bybusiness man. (T/F)
7. contra entry is an entry where both cash account and bank account are
affected. (T/F)
4.12 (a) Petty Cash Book
In large organizations, petty expenses like stationery, postage, stamps,
refreshments, carriage, cartage, daily wages etc are incurred day in and day
out. All these expenses are more in number and very insignificant in value.
To look after payment of such expenses, a separate petty cashier is
appointed, who obtains a definite sum of money at the beginning of a month
and gives a statement of account at the end of the period to the chief
cashier. To record such payments, a separate book, known as petty cash
book is maintained.
There is a distinct method, namely imprest system which is adopted in
maintaining such petty cash book. Under this system, at the beginning of a
month, a definite sum of money is given by chief cashier to petty cashier for
petty expenses. At the commencement of the next period, the petty cashier
receives money equal to what is spent during the earlier period. For
instance, in the beginning of January, 2004, a sum of Rs.10000 is given to
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petty cashier assuming that such miscellaneous expenses may be to the
order of Rs.10000. By the end of January, it may be found that the actualexpenses are only Rs.9000. Then the chief cashier will reimburse Rs.9000
so that the opening balance for the month of February will be Rs.10000.
This is also called analytical petty cash book.
Self Assessment Questions 12:
State True or False
1. Petty cash book is maintained in case of petty organization.
2. Imprest system of cash book is a system where the expenses paid are
reimbursed.
3. The closing balance in case of imprest system of petty cash book
always remains the same .
4. Imprest system of cash book is also called analytical cash book.
Illustration:
Enter the following transactions in an analytical petty cash book.
2005
November 1st . Received a cheque for petty cash Rs.1000
2nd . Paid bus fare to messengers Rs50
4th . Paid auto fare Rs.70
10th . Postal stamps purchased Rs.80
12th . Paid for stationery Rs90
15th . Paid for carriage Rs.60
16th . Purchased envelopes Rs.50
20th . Wages paid Rs 100 .
25th . Tips given to driver Rs.50
30th . Telephone calls paid Rs. 20
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Amt
Recd
Rs
CBF Date ParticularsV
No
Total
Payment
sRs
Analysis of payments LFLedger
A/cs
1,000 Nov
1st
2nd
4th
10th
12th
15th
16th
20th
25th
30th
Nov 30th
Dec 1st
To Bank
By bus fare
ByAutofare
By postal
By Stationery
By Carriage
By Envelopes
By Wages
By tipsBy Telegram
By Balance C/d
50
70
80
90
60
50
100
5020
570
430
1,000
Tra
Rs
Post
Rs
Carr
Rs
P&S
Rs
Wages
Rs
SundryExpsRs
50
70
___120
80
____80
60
20
80
90
50
140
100
____
100
50
_____
50
Note:
1. CBF stands for cash book folio
2. V.No. stands for Voucher No.3. Tra stands for Travelling expenses
4. Carr indicates Carriage expenses
5. P & S stands for printing and stationery
Terminal Question
1. Purchases book records___________________ purchases.
2. Cash purchases are recorded on-_____________ side of cash book.
3. Credit sales are entered in ____________________________ book.
4. Record a journal entry for drawings made for personal purposes of the
businessman.
5. If drawings are made from bank for office purpose, what is the entry?
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6. During the year, if the total owners equity of Beta Co. increased from
Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 60000, it is because of earnings made during the year.Is this statement necessarily true?
7. Complete the following matrix by entering either debit or credit in each
cell.
Item Increases Decreases
Assets
Liabilities
Owners equity
Income
Expenses
8. Listed below a number of transactions. Identify which account to be
debited and which account to be credited, as shown for the first
transaction.
Transaction Debit Credit
Paid to Gopal, a creditor Gopal account Cash account
Paid rent in advance for the next year
Purchased stationery
Paid rent for the proprietors house
Purchases machinery on part payment
Charged customers for services provided
Collected cash for the services provided
Received a cheque from customer on account
Paid dividend
Paid wages for construction of business premises
Paid interest charges on loan
Electricity bill paid
Salaries paid
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9. Journalise the following transactions in the books of Harinam Singh for
the month of April, 2005.
Rs.
1st
Harinam Singh started business with cash 60,000
2nd
Purchased furniture for cash 10,000
4th
Purchased goods for cash 25,000
5th
Bought goods from Karmesh 25,000
7th
Sold goods for cash 44,000
9th
Sold goods to Ramesh 30,000
10th
Paid cash Kamalnath 15,000
11
th
Received cash from Ramanath 10,00018
thPurchased goods from Sohan Kumar 12,000
25th
Purchased computers on credit from Shivshankar 28,000
29th Paid salaries 7,000
30th
Withdrew cash for personal use from the office 10,000
30th
Paid wages 5,500
10. Record the following transactions in the subsidiary books of
Ramachandra and Sons of Chennai and show the totals of each book
for the month of January, 2000.
Date Transaction Amount (Rs.)
Jan 1 Bought goods from Das Gupta 20,000
2 Sold to Sen Gupta 12,500
3 Sold goods to Ramesh 30,000
5 Bought goods from Suresh 15,000
7 Sold goods to Anand 13,000
8 Received goods returned by Sen Gupta 5,500
9 Purchased goods from Shyam Sundar 16,000
10 Roy bought goods from us 25,000
11 Roy returned goods to us 3,000
14 Sold goods to Ram 45,000
16 Bought goods from Naresh 20,000
20 Returned goods to Naresh 4,000
22 Purchased furniture from Vibhu 10,000
30 Sold goods on cash to Khadju 9,000
30 Paid cash to Suresh 10,000
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11. Enter the following transactions in the single column cash book of
Gopichand.March, 2003
1st .Commenced business with cash 20000
2nd Bought goods for cash 5000
3rd . Sold goods for cash 4000
4th . Goods purchased from Ravi Kumar 10000
10th .Paid to Ravi Kumar 7000
14th . Cash sales 8000
18th
. Purchased furniture for office 400022nd . Paid wages 500
25th . Paid rent 600
30th . Received Commission 4000
30th . Withdrew for personal purpose 1000
31st
. Paid salary 900
12. Record the following transactions in two column cash book(Cash and
Bank)in the books of Soft Silk Co., for the month of July, 2004.Find out
the closing balances.
July, 2004 Rs.
01st . Opening balance b/d(Cash) 14,500
(Bank) 7,000
04th . Cash purchases 6,700
05th . Rent for June month paid by cheque 2,500
09th . Cash sales 15,200
12th . Dividend received from X Co. and paid it into bank 4,350
15th . Cash deposited into bank 5,000
18th . cash paid to Rahim Bros to settle his account 10,000
20th . Repairs paid 1,000
22nd . Commission paid by cheque 2,000
23rd . Customer, Deepak remitted to our bank account 20,000
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25th . Cash withdrawn from bank for office use 5,000
27th
. Drawings made from business cash for personal purposes 2,00028th . Purchased stationery by cash 3,000
30th . Cash withdrawn for personel use from bank 1,400
13. Enter the following transactions in the cash book with discount, cash
and bank columns
May 1st . Balance of cash in hand Rs. 14000; bank overdraft at bank
Rs.5000
4th Invested further capital Rs. 10000 out of which Rs.6000 was
deposited in the bank.
6th . Sold goods for cash Rs. 30000
6th Collected from debtors of last year Rs. 80000; Discount allowed to
them Rs. 2000.
10th . Purchased goods for cash Rs. 55,000
11th . Paid Ram Vilas, our creditor Rs. 25,000; discount allowed by
him Rs.650
13th . Commission paid to our agent Rs. 5,300
14th . Office furniture purchased for cash Rs. 2,000
14th . Rent paid Rs. 400; electricity charges paid Rs. 1,000
14th . Drew cheque for personal use Rs. 7,000
17th . Cash sales Rs. 25,000
18th . Collection from Atal Bihari Rs.40,000, deposited in the bank on
19th April.
19th . Drew from the bank for office use Rs.5,000
22nd . Drew cheque for petty expenses Rs.1,500
24th . Dividend received by cheque Rs.500, deposited in the bank on
the same day.
25th . Commission received by cheque Rs.2,300, deposited in the
bank on 28th April
29th . Drew from the bank for salary of the office staff Rs.15,000
30th . Deposited cash in the bank Rs.10,000.
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Answer for Self Assessment Questions
Self Assessment Questions 1:1. Journal
2. Yes
3. Ledger
Self Assessment Questions 2:
1. It is a book containing the entry of transactions
2. It indicates the pages number in which the summary of respective
account is found in ledger.
Self Assessment Questions 3:
1. Credited
2. Interest
3. Credited, debited
4. Creditors account, cash
5. Because it is cash transaction and X Co. is insignificant.
6. Business premises, cash
7. i. Cash A/c Dr. 5,00,000 to Damodar & Bros. 5,00,000 (Being advance
received)
ii. Sales Tax A/c 40,000, To Cash A/c 40,000 (sales Tax paid )
iii. Cash A/c the 5000 To BOB A/c 5000 (cash drawn for mis.expenses)
Self Assessment Questions 4:
1. True
2. True
3. Yes
4. True
Self Assessment Questions 5:
1. False
2. False
3. True
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4. Purchases A/c Dr. To Ganesh account (Being purchases made)
Self Assessment Questions 6:
1. True
2. False
3. Debtors
4. True
Self Assessment Questions 7:
1. True
2. True
3. Debited, Credited4. True
Self Assessment Questions8:
1. True
2. True
3. Business, Customer.
Self Assessment Questions9:
1. True
2. Owner of the business who is the seller
3. Customer / debtor
4. Debit
5. Yes
Self Assessment Questions 10:
1. Bills payable
2. Three
3. Credit
4. Liability
5. Suppliers account / Creditors account
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Self Assessment Questions 11:
1. True2. True
3. True
4. Debit, Credit
5. True
6. True
7. True.
Self Assessment Questions12:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
Answer for Terminal Questions:
Answer
1. Credit
2. Credit
3. Sales Day
4. Drawing are A/c , Dr. To Cash a/c
5. Cash account Dr. To bank account.
6. The statement is true if additional capital is not brought in during the
year. Owners equity increases if profits are added or additional capital is
brought in.
7.Debit Credit
Credit DebitCredit Debit
Credit Debit
Debit Credit
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8.
9.
1 1st
Cash a/c Debited Capital a/c Credited
2 2nd
Furniture a/c Debited Cash a/c Credited
3 4th
Goods a/c Debited Cash a/c Credited
4 5th
Purchases a/c Debited Kamalesh a/c Credited
5 7th
Cash a/c Debited Goods a/c Credited
6 9th
Ramesh a/c Debited Sales a/c Credited
7 10th
Kamel nath a/c Debited Cash a/c Credited
8 11
th
Cash a/c Debited Kamanath a/c Credited9 18
thPurchases a/c Debited Sohan Kuma Credited
10 25th
Computers a/c Debited Shiva Shankar Credited
11 29th
Salaries a/c Debited Cash a/c Credited
12 30th
Drawings a/c Debited Cash a/c Credited
13 30th Wages a/c Debited Cash a/c Credited
10. Total of Purchases Day book:
Das Gupta Rs. 20,000
Suresh Rs. 15,000
Shyan sunda Rs. 16,000
Naresh Rs. 4,000
Rs. 55,000
Prepaid Expenses Cash
Stationery CashDrawings Cash
Machinery Supplier
Customers Services
Cash Customers
Cash Customers
Dividend Cash
Business Premises Cash
Interest on loan Cash
Electricity Cash
Salaries Cash
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Purchase Returns BookNaresh Rs. 4,000
Sales Returns Book
Sen Gupta Rs. 5,500
Roy Rs. 3000
Rs. 8,500
Total sales Day book
Sen Gupts Rs. 12,500
Ramesh Rs. 30,000
Anand Rs. 13,000
Ray Rs. 25,000
Ram Rs. 45,000
Rs. 1,25,500
11. Cash Book
To Capital 20,000 By Goods 5000
To Sales 4,000 By Ravi Kumar 7000
To Sales 8,000 By office furniture 4000
To Commission 4,000 By wages 500
By rent 600
By drawings 1000
By salary 900
By bal c/d 17,000
36,000 36,000
Hint: Goods Purchased from Ravi Kumar is a credit purchase.
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By balance c/d 59,300 25,300
Total 2000 2,00,300 58800 Total 650 2,00,300 58,800