Need for1.The work can be done speedily.2.The work can be done in time.3.Large quantity of materials can be handled , so the size of the project can be increased4.The complex projects involving high grade material.5.High quality standards can be maintained.6.Time schedule can be kept.7.Optimum use of material ,man power and finance.8.Due to shortage of skilled and efficient man power.

Advantages1.Economy2.Quality3.Safety4.Speed5.Feasibility

Applications1.Highway projects2. Irrigation3. Buildings4.Power plant etc…

Commonly used construction equipments1. Earth moving equipments2. Hauling equipments3. Hoisting equipment4. Conveying equipment5. Aggregate and concrete production equipment6. Pile driving equipment7. Tunneling and rock drilling equipment8. Pumping and de- watering equipment

Sources of Equipment

Factors affecting the selection of construction equipment1.Availability of equipment.2. Suitability of job condition with special reference to climatic and operating condition.3.Uniformity type(easier operation and maintenance , easy exchange of spare parts and operating personnel)4. Size of equipment.5.Useof standard equipments(made by several companies so that easy purchase and delivery)6.Country of origin.(If importing foreign exchange facility should be easily available)7.Unit cost of production – cost of running8. Availability of spare parts and selection of manufacturer.9.Availability of local labour for operations.

A loader is an engineering vehicle (often used in construction) that is primarily used to “load” material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into or onto another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper, rail-car, etc.).

Heavy equipment front loadersA loader (also known as: bucket loader, front loader, front end loader, payloader, scoop loader, shovel, skip loader, and/or wheel loader) is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground. . A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels, like a backhoe can. Their deep bucket can usually store about 3-6 cubic meters (exact number varies with the model) of earth. The front loader’s bucket capacity is much bigger than a bucket capacity of a backhoe loader.

Types of loaders

Tracked front loadersThey are successful where sharp edged materials in construction debris would damage rubber wheels, or where the ground is soft and muddy.

WheeledWheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved roads as much as tracks, but provide less traction.

APPLICATIONLoaders are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging.Used for snow removal.High-tip buckets are suitable for light materials such as chip, peat and light gravel and when the bucket is emptied from a height.

Skid loaders & track loadersA skid loader is a small loader utilizing four wheels with hydraulic drive that directs power to either, or both, sides of the vehicle. Very similar in appearance and design is the track loader, which utilizes a continuous track on either side of the vehicle instead of the wheels.

Backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe,is an engineering vehicle, which consists of a tractor, fitted with a shovel/bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back. Due to its (relatively) small size and versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and small construction projects (such as building a small house, fixing city roads etc).

Uses for construction, small demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging holes/excavation, landscaping, breaking asphalt, and paving roads. A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm.

Hauling Equipments Haulers or dumpers are used to haul the earth, aggregates,

rock and other loose materials for construction projects. Tractor- wagon combinations are also considered to be earth

haulers. The common dump truck is also a hauler of loose bulk materials Earth haulers can be divided into 2 categories: those that

operate over-the road operate off-the road (off-highway vehicles).

The difference between vehicles in these two categories are based on weight, width and height limitations that prohibit the operation of larger vehicles on streets and highways (only haulers mounted fully on rubber tires and of certain size and weight limits can be licensed to operate over the road)

DUMP TRUCKS Dump trucks or production trucks are

those that are used for transporting loose material such as sand, dirt, and gravel for construction.

The typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open box bed hinged at the rear, with the front being able to be lifted up to allow the contents to fall out on the ground at the site of delivery.

Dump trucks come in many different configurations with each one specified to accomplish a specific task in the construction chain.

Standard dump truck

The standard dump truck is a full truck chassis with the dump body mounted onto the frame.

The dump body is raised by a hydraulic ram lift that is mounted forward of the front bulkhead, normally between the truck cab and the dump body.

Transfer dump truck

For the amount of noise made when transferring, the transfer dump truck is easy to recognize.

It’s a standard dump truck that pulls a separate trailer which can be loaded with sand, asphalt, gravel, dirt, etc.

The B box or aggregate container on the trailer is powered by an electric motor and rides on wheels and rolls off of the trailer and into the main dump box.

The biggest advantage with this configuration is to maximize payload capacity without having to sacrifice the maneuverability of the short and nimble dump truck standards.

Semi trailer end dump truck

The semi end dump truck is a tractor trailer combination where the trailer itself contains the hydraulic hoist.

The advantage to having a semi end dump truck is rapid unloading.

Semi trailer bottom dump truck

A bottom dump truck is a 3 axle tractor that pulls a 2 axle trailer with a clam shell type dump gate in the belly of the trailer.

The biggest advantage of a semi bottom dump truck is the ability to lay material in a wind row.

Side dump trucks

Side dump trucks consist of a 3 axle trailer pulling a 2 axle semi trailer.

It offers hydraulic rams that tilt the dump body onto the side, which spills the material to the left or right side of the trailer.

The biggest advantages with these types of dump trucks are that they allow rapid unloading and carry more weight than other dump trucks.

In addition to this, side dump trucks are almost impossible to tip over while dumping, unlike the semi end dump trucks which are very prone to being upset or tipped over.

The length of these trucks impede maneuverability and limit versatility.

Off road dump trucks

Off road trucks resemble heavy construction equipment more than they do highway dump trucks.

They are used strictly for off road mining and heavy dirt hauling jobs, such as excavation work.

They are very big in size, and perfect for those time when you need to dig out roads and need something to haul the massive amounts of dirt to another location.

Typical loads moved by heavy haulers under escort on highways include industrial plant, prefabricated sections for construction projects, giant power transformers, turbines, and houses (generally made of timber).

DUMPER Dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on

building sites. Dumpers are distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a

dumper is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load. The skip can tip to dump the load.

A towing eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor.

TRANSIT MIX TRUCKS Special concrete transport trucks

(in–transit mixers) are made to transport and mix concrete from a factory/plant to the construction yard.

They are charged with dry materials and water, with the mixing occurring during transport. (Although, more modern plants load the truck with 'Ready Mixed' concrete. With this process, the material has already been mixed, and then is loaded into the truck. The ready mix truck maintains the material's liquid state, through agitation, or turning of the drum, until delivery.)

The interior of the drum on a concrete truck is fitted with a spiral blade. In one rotational direction, the concrete is pushed deeper into the drum. This is the direction the drum is rotated while the concrete is being transported to the building site. When the drum rotates in the other direction, "discharges", or forces the concrete out of the drum.

Selecting loading and hauling equipment

Quantity of material to be movedNatural condition of the materialDistance to move the materialSite conditions for loading (terrain,

surface to travel on)

Factors affecting use and productivity of haulers

Loading time Size and type of loading

machine The type of material to be

loaded Total volume of material to be

loaded and the rated payload of the machine being used

Skill of the operators

Hauling time Distance through which material

has to be hauled Condition of the haul route Gradient of the haul route The performance characteristics

of the hauler under the road conditions, grades and other adversities

Dumping time is governed by The type and condition of the

material The way the material has to be

dumped (down the slope of an embankment/ evenly spread and compacted etc)

The type and maneuverability of the hauler

Spotting of the hauler for loading is influenced by The type of loading machine The various positions the

loader takes to dig and load Maneuverability of the hauler

CONVEYING EQUIPMENTS

• It is the continuous transportation of of materials in successive stages.•A conveyor is an equipment which is capable of carrying materials in a continuous stream .•It has a an endless chain or belt which by its motion constitutes the continuous carrying arrangement of the conveyor.•Aerial transportation through ropeways is also sometimes included in conveying equipments.•It involves horizontal, vertical or inclined movement.•If motion of conveyor is Vertical it is called as an elevator.

ADVANTAGES OF BELT CONVEYOR

•Continuous and uniform haulage.•Low maintenance cost.•Low labour requirements.•High reliability.•Ability to cross adverse terrain.•Excellent safety records.

DISADVANTAGES OF BELT CONVEYOR

•Very high initial cost.•Requires skilled labours.•Needs continuous supply of electric power.

SELECTION OF BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM•Selection is guided by the principles of engineering economy.•It is selected only when the net cost per unit by the system which includes installation and running cost together with the maintenance charges is less than that with the corresponding transportation by the trucks.•Net cost includes installation charge, an access road for installing and servicing the system, maintenance , replacement and repair cost, fuel or electric energy cost, labour cost, insurance and plus taxes.

NO . OF UNITS TO BE TRANSPORTED

UNIT COST FOR MOVING THE MATERIAL = NET TOTAL COST

BASIC PARTS OF A CONVEYOR

•A CONTINUOUS BELT ( 90cm wide , 6 ply thick and 1.3 kg )•IDLERS •DRIVING AND TAIL PULLEYS

Continuous beltTypes of belt used are : standard, shock pad, stepped pad, stepped plyThe belt should have sufficient strength to resist the maximum tension to which it is subjected and it should be wide enough to transport the materials at required rate (tonnes per hour ) which is function of width , speed of the belt and the weight of the material.

DRIVING AND TRAIL PULLEYS•Belt conveyor may be driven through the head or tail pulleys or through an intermediate pulleys.•It can be driven by an electric motor or a gasoline or a diesel engine.•It is necessary to install a suitable speed reducer, such as gears , chain drives or belt drives, between the power units and the driving pulley, when power is transmitted from a driving pulley to a belt.•The effective driving force, which is transmitted to belt is equal to the difference tension on tight side and tension on slack side.

IDLERS•It provides support for belt conveyor.•It is designed to provide troughing.•It consists of rollers, brackets and the base.

THANK YOU

DIANA DAVISHASSAN SAHIBPRAKRUTHI S.KSAMYUKTA R.SHARDA U.KSWASTIKA P.VAMSI