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Nutrition Education and Low-income families

Rachel Miller Summer Scholars 2012

+Method: Literature review

Interviews: Sue Snider: Expanded Food Nutrition Education Program

(EFNEP), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- Education (SNAP-Ed), University of Delaware

Tricia Jefferson: YMCA-Delaware

Jennifer Barr: Moms Moving Forward- Christiana Care Hospital, registered Dietician

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+Importance of Research:

To analyze the effectiveness of nutrition education programs

Obesity has more than tripled in the last 25 years: 8.7%-27.4%

Overweight: 36.9%-62.0%

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+Importance of Research:

Limited access to healthy resources

Limited understanding or concern for mealtime behaviors,

portion sizing, healthy living

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+Importance of Research:

Economic concerns outweigh health

Time/ job conflicts

Stigma & health care professionals

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+Research Goal:

Low income hunger-obesity paradox

How will nutrition education programs effectively deal with this problem?

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+Research Questions:  

How are low-income neighborhoods affected by poor nutrition?

What are nutrition programs aimed at low income families trying to accomplish?

What is the relationship between these programs and low-income individuals in the community?

Do these programs meet the nutritional needs of low-income communities?

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+Literature Review:

Reviewed nationally based programs (school-based programs, early intervention programs)

SNAP-Ed

Federal program implemented in each state

Nutrition education for SNAP members

Goal: healthier food choices on a limited budget

effective to a point

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+Literature Review:

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

(EFNEP)

Help low-income individuals

attain a healthy lifestyle

adult and youth programs

Paraprofessionals/ peer educators

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+NIFA, Data 2011:

Improvements in one or more practice

# improved

# responded

% improvement

Food resource management practice

62,884 75,418 83%

Nutrition practice

62,771 70,670 89%

Food safety practice

50,256 75,996 66%

Physical activity practice

11,389 23,172 49%

+NIFA Data, 2011- EFNEP:

Food Group Entry Exit Change

Grains 5.6 5.5 0.00

Fruit 0.9 1.3 0.5

Vegetables 1.4 1.7 0.3

Milk 1.2 1.5 0.3

Meats 4.9 5.0 0.1

Oils 27.9 25.0 -2.9

+Literature Review:

Nutrition Education Aimed at Toddlers (NEAT). Early intervention program

1. expand knowledge of food safety- hand washing, chocking prevention, etc

2. increase knowledge of self-regulation for toddler: portion setting, meal time behavior, hunger/ fullness

3. increase knowledge of managing family meals with toddlers – parent/ toddler relations surrounding food

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+Literature Review:

NEAT:

Slight improvements (proper food prep, mealtime interaction, portion sizing, food safety) but no significant long term diet changes in toddlers or parents

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+Interviews:

Sue Snider: Expanded Food Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- Education (SNAP-Ed), University of Delaware

Tricia Jefferson: YMCA-Delaware

Jennifer Barr: Moms Moving Forward- Christiana Care Hospital, registered Dietician

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+Interviews: Goals of nutrition education programs

Group discussion and experiential learning

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+Interviews:

Barriers to nutrition education programs: Trust Grants and proper funding Limited access to healthy foods

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+Conclusions:

Need proper funding for programs and expert financial planning

Attentive staff: experts and paraprofessionals- help gain trust among community members

Must be discussion based and include experiential learning/ activities- the more hands-on the better

Discuss the importance of appropriate meal time behaviors, portion sizing, children setting their own preferences

Learning the value of accessing healthy foods

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+Conclusions:

School gardens/ youth market programs (CAMP FRESH)

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+Long term goal:

long term goal is to design the ideal or quintessential nutrition education program for low-income communities.

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+Thank you!

Dr. Bahira Trask

Faculty advisor

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+References: "About SNAP-Ed." National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July

2012. http://www.nifa.usda.gov/nea/food/fsne/about

Arnold, C. G., & Sobal, J. (2000). Food practices and nutrition knowledge after graduating the expanded food and nutrition education program. Journal of Nutrition Education, 32(3), 130-138. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from the Psycinfo database.

CHANCE. (n.d.). FNEC Home. Retrieved July 22, 2012, from http://www.fnec.cornell.edu/Our_Initiatives/CHANCE.cfm

Camp FRESH at Christiana Care Health System. (n.d.). Christiana Care Health System. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from http://www.christianacare.org/campfresh

Chaney, M. (1945). Integrating Nutrition Education and Activities in the School Program. Nutrition Education, 35, 728-731. Retrieved July 2, 2012, from the Web of Science database.

"Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 « Food Research & Action Center." Food Research & Action Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2012. <http://frac.org/leg-act-center/legislative-successes/child-nutrition-and-wic-reauthorization-act-of-2004/>.

Dammann, K. W., & Smith, C. (2009). Factors affecting low-income women's food

choices and the perceived impact of dietary intake and socioeconomic status on their health and weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior , 41(4), 242-253. Retrieved June 22, 2012, from the psycinfo database.

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) . (n.d.). National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). Retrieved July 2, 2012, from http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/food/efnep/efnep.html

Gleason, P. (1995). Participation in the national school lunch program and the school breakfast program. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(1), 2135-2205. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from the psycinfo database.

Gostin, L. (2007). Law as a tool to facilitate healthier lifestyles and prevent obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 297(1), 87-90. Retrieved June 22, 2012, from the Psycinfo database.

+References continued: Hammerschmidt, P., Tackett, W., Golzynski, M., & Golzynski, D. (2011). Barriers to and facilitators of healthful

eating and physical activity in low-income schools. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior , 43(1), 63-68. Retrieved June 23, 2012, from the Psycinfo database.

Lent, M., Hill, T., Dollahite, J., Wolfe, W., & Dickin, K. L. (2012). Healthy children, healthy families: parents making a difference! a curriculum integrating key nutrition, physical activity, and parenting practices to help prevent childhood obesity . Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior , 44(1), 90-92. Retrieved July 2, 2012, from the Web of Science database.

Nord, M., & Parker, L. (2010). How adequately are food needs of children in low-income households being met?. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(9), 1175-1185. Retrieved June 22, 2012, from the Psycinfo database.

Horodynski, M. O., & Hoerr, S. (2004). Nutrition education aimed at toddlers- a pilot program for rural, low-income families. Family Community Health, 37(2), 103-113.

Omar, M., Coleman, G., & Hoerr, S. (2001). Healthy eating for rural low-income toddlers: caregivers' perceptions. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 18(2), 93-106. Retrieved July 2, 2012, from the Psycinfo database.

Parmer, S., Salisbury-Glennon, J., Shannon, D., & Struempler, B. (2009). School gardens: an experiential learning approach for a nutrition education program toincrease fruit and vegetable knowledge, preference, and consumption among second-grade students . Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior , 41(3), 212-217. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from the Web of Science database.

Singh, G. K., Siahpush, M., Hiatt, R. A., & Timsina, L. R. (2011). Dramatic increases in obesity and overweight prevalence and body mass index among ethnic-immigrant and social class groups in the united states, 1976-2008. Journal of Community Health, 36(1), 94-110. Retrieved July 2, 2012, from the Web of Science database.

Vartanian, T., Houser, L., & Harkness, J. (2011). Food stamps and dependency: disentangling the short-term and long-term economic effects of food stamp receipt and low income for young mothers. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 38(4), 101-119. Retrieved July 2, 2012, from the Web of Science database.

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therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures (4th ed), by Wilfey, Denise E., Kass, Andrea E., Kolko, Rachel P., Stein, Richard I. 283-323. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press, 2012.