final report sub

8/8/2019 Final Report Sub

1/20

A report on summer internship

Submitted to: Dr. Pradeep Bhargav

Submitted by: Sushant kumar Singh

(MBA-RD, IIIrd Sem )

G.B. Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad


2/20

2

Acknowledgment

Perseverance and motivation have always played a key role in the success of any venture.

At this level of understanding it is often difficult to understand the wide spectrum of knowledge

without proper guidance and advice.

This report has been made possible through direct and indirect support of various persons for

whom I wish to express my gratitude and appreciation.

First of all, we would like to thank Dr. Sunil Sharma, Chairman AAROHI, and Mr.

Pradeep Gupta (Secretary AAROHI) whose valuable guidance and direction have helped us a

lot in undertaking this report. We are also thankful to Kshitij Sir (our project coordinator) who

not only motivated us time to time but also provided us other facilities.

We are also thankful to Villagers of the study areas whose cooperation and support

helped us to conduct door to door survey & to understand their living, educational structure, and

health care activities, livelihood which were prevailing in that village, without which this report

could not be completed.

Finally, I would like to appreciate Mr. Deva, and other people who are directly or indirectly

helped us in this project.

Sincerely

Sushant Kumar Singh


3/20

3

Report summery

We did our internship at Aaroho in Nainital district, Uttarakhand. We were sent to Khati

village in Bagheswer district. Khati was a remote village, 10 Km from road having natural

beauty in which most of the people having less options for their livelihoods. Although it was 10

Kilometer from Pakka Road yet tourist were attracted by its exquisite beauty and used this place

as the base for visiting the Pindari Glacier being 24 Km distant from Khati. But service providers

such as teachers, ANM, Police etc. did not perform their duties well in the village.

In this remote location livelihoods include growing of natural plants which were used for

drugs. Road was being planned to connect the village which will certainly curtail their

livelihoods due to the presence of police.

My task was to draw a village plan. We conducted a base line survey and FGDs in the village

including all the 52 households to draw the plan.


4/20

4

Index

Sr. No Content Page number

1 Introduction 4

2 Objectives of the study 5

3 Methodology 6

4 Concepts and definitions 7

5 Discussion and findings 8

6 Recommendations 15


5/20


6/20

6

Objectives of the study

The main objective of study was to conduct door to door survey in villages Khati with the

objective of mapping this village for demographic, social and economic data and to develop

micro level village plan for this village covering requirements under education, health &

livelihood promotion.

Specific Objectives:-

y To understand socio-economic condition & demographic profile of the studyarea.

y To map resources and to understand the disease pattern.y To understand the uptake of health services.y Level of literacy & education.y Available resources for education.y To map the livelihood resources & occupation structure in the study area.y To develop micro plans to mitigate the gaps.


7/20

7

Methodology

Methodology adopted by us was observation, door to door survey, FGD and

communicating with people.

Door to door survey: We conduct to door survey to collect data related to health, education and

livelihood in the Khati village.

Observation: It was done through a transient walk to collect information regarding education,

health & livelihood which are prevailing & what is required to be done in these villages.

Informal Interview: Survey was conducted in which we asked several questions to the

villagers regarding their social, health, education and economic betterment in order to find out

their awareness level and their needs.

Focus Group Discussion: Several group discussions were organized and then the required

information was extracted.


8/20

8

Concepts and definitions:

y Health: Health is defined as complete physical, social and mental well being and notmerely absence of diseases and deformity.

y The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)has drafted a definition of literacy as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,

communicate, compute and use printed and written materials associated with varying

contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve

their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their

community and wider society."

y The National Literacy Mission defines literacy as acquiring the skills of reading, writingand arithmetic and the ability to apply them to one's day-to-day life.

y Education: We defined literacy in our survey as a person having minimum 5 years ofschooling is literate.

y Livelihood: Activities which are source of income for survival.


9/20

9

Geography of Khati


10/20

10

Description of village

Indicator Khati

Total Population 245

Wards 05

Household 52

Voters 165

BPL 08

Antyodaya 08

MNREGA 120

Table 1.1

Educational description of study area

Indicators Khati

Primary 53-1

Junior High School 40-1

High School Nil

Aanganbadi 16

Table1.2


11/20

11

Discussion and Findings:

Health:

Aarohi is working for the people who live in the remote hilly area of Uttarakhand. Khati

village is one of them. Following are some of the flagship programmes of government for health:

NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) JSY (Janani Surksha Yojana) MDM (Mid Day Meal) MBS (Maternity Benefit Scheme) etc.

Programme Beneficiaries (Percentage) NRHM 0

JSY 0%

MBS 0%

MDM 80%

Table 1.3

If we look at these programmes in the study areas, we find that these programmes were

not functioning. All these programmes were paralyzed except MDM in the study area. 80%

parents said that their children were benefited from this scheme. Common diseases in the study

area were:

` Diarrhoea` Malaria` Pneumonia` Back, Head, Stomach & Joint Pain` Skin Diseases` Dental Problems` Breathing Problems (in old ones)` Eye problems

A skin disease, people called ella in local language, is a very common disease.

We find the following hurdles in promoting health in the village.


12/20

12

1) Inadequate medical facilities: Doctors, Medical stores etc. were not available. Medicalservice providers like ANM, ASHA did not live in the village. They used to visit the

village once or twice in a month. No institutional delivery had taken place in last three

years.

2) Illiteracy of women: Almost 75% women of the village were illiterate. Most of thepregnancy cases took place before the age of 18 years. ?

3) Lack of health seeking behavior: People were less concerned about their health. Therewere 12 people who were suffering from Motiebind and Aarohi was calling them for

opration without any cost but they were not ready to go at Aarohi. Also, government

health camp for the operation of Motiebind was organized in Bagheswar after each 6

months but people did not go there for operation.

4) Belief on Ojha: 40 % people went to local Ojha for treatment.5) Poor sanitation: Poor sanitation facility causes malaria, diarrhea etc.6) Lack of nutrition: Women did not take proper diet during their pregnancy which affects

the health of newly born child.

PHC was available in Khati but staffs were not present to operate it. ANM lived outside

(other village) from the village and come in the village after 10 to 15 days (According to

villagers). There was not a single doctor and medical store in the study areas. People went to

Bagheswer for treatment which is approximately 56 kilometer from Khati. And since transport

facility was not so good, villagers face big problems in case of emergency treatment.


13/20

13

Education:

Education is a major indicator of development. In Khati there are 53 students (in table 1.2) in

the primary school and a single teacher is available for them. In age group 18 to 40 in Khati,

29% (in table 1.1) people are illiterate which represent the youth population of the village inwhich women have major portion. For further study, students have to go to Badhiyakot or

Bagheswer which are approximately 12 and 56 Kilometer from Khati respectively. Major

hindrance in the education:

1) Geographical hindrance: Khati is situated 8 Kilometer distant from Bharari (see Map atpage 9) which was the nearest place where high school was available. living in Khati, it

is very difficult to go to Bharari for study because this track of 8 Km has very steep

slope.

2) Insufficient numbers of teachers: The right of children to free and compulsoryeducation Act 2009, the ratio between teacher and students in primary school should be

1:30. Earlier the ratio was 1:40. But primary school in the Khati village did not have this

standard parameter.

3) Less awareness towards education: People were less concerned towards education.However the comparison of graph 1.1 and 1.2 shows that now awareness level is

increasing (for example no. of illiterate people has reduced from 29% to 2%) but still

there is a need to encourage the people for higher education.

4) Lack of communication systems: Due to the absence of proper communication systemand transportation facilities, government was not able to have control over the teachers

who were teaching in the schools.

5) Poverty: Poverty was a major hindrance in education.62% parents were not able to sendtheir children outside the Khati to continue their study.

Since education is directly related to the health and livelihood, these areas are also lagging in

these fields. A very few number of people are involved in government services. Most people

depend on illegal activities for their subsistence.


14/20

14

Age Group 18-40 (Khati)

Graph 1.1

Age Group


15/20

15

Livelihood:

People were dependent on agriculture, tourism, government jobs and procurement of

plants which were used for drugs.

Profession Percentage (%)Tourism 8

Agriculture 12

Government jobs 15

Plant procurement of drugs 60

Other 5

Table 1.4

In government jogs there were two categories (1) PWD workers (2) Military. Ten percent

people involved in PWD and 5% people in military. In agriculture there were three crops which

forming was done in Khati. (1) Rajma (2) Potato (3) Soyabean. Plants procurement includes the

forming of Bhang, Charas and a plant grown on the glacier in the month of March and Aril

(people called it Kidaghas in local language) which were used as drugs and was a major source

of income (having very high market price). 5% people were involved in other various activities

like manual labour, work in MNREGA, NGOs, shopkeeper etc.

Contribution of agriculture (12%) in the income of people was very small. Following are the

reasons:

1) Paucity of forming land: A gobbet of forming land in Khati village was available and afew people have possession on forming land. So very small workforce were involved in

agriculture.

2) Lack of technology: all the works related to agriculture were performed by manuallabour. Any modern technology of agriculture was not available.

3) Lack of fertilizers: Inorganic fertilizers were not available. If formers will bring it frommarket then due to high transportation cost it will not be viable. There was a lack of

organic fertilizers also. These things were reducing the productivity in agriculture.

4) Earning which comes from procurement of plants for drugs also creates apathy towardsagriculture.


16/20

16

Construction of road to Khati is on progress. Probably, after one or two years later when

construction of road will be completed, these illegal activities will be curtailed due to the

presence of police (police never had come in this village till now). Therefore, there will be strong

need of legal income generating resources. People were happy with these illegal income

generating resources but they did not aware of the coming danger.

MNREGA is a flagship programme of government for employment in rural areas which

guarantees that every household who apply for job will get a manual work (100 days in a year)

within 15 days and if concerning authority would not able to provide job within 15 days after the

submission of application for work, allowance will be given to them. But these things are not

happening in the study areas. People do not know about the guidelines of MNREGA. Table 1.1

shows that number of job cards are more than the number of households in the villages. The

basic reason is that the members of a family are living nuclear family but on paper they are

atomic family. But number of job cards does not ensure the availability of work. 85% people said

that MNREGA was not able to provide work to them.


17/20

17

Recommendations

Major recommendations for livelihoods are:

There is the little land for cultivation. So land based livelihoods of small and marginalfarmers are increasingly becoming unsustainable, since their land has not been able to support

the familys food requirements and fodder for their cattle. As a result, rural households are

forced to look at alternative means for supplementing their livelihoods.

Khati is a tourist place due to its exquisite beauty, serenity and glacier environment, it attracts

to the tourists and A bounty of foreigners comes at this place and stay for a long time. This is the

last village of Bagheswer district from where Pindari Glacier is 24 KM ahead. So tourism may

be a major source of income. Some people are involved in this business but they are able to gain

much income.

Following things can be done to attract tourists and generate substantial amount of income.

1) Infrastructure should be developed. All ingredients are available here to developinfrastructure like labor, stones, woods, money etc.

2) Extra items should be added in the food menu.3) Goat rearing and poultry should be encouraged which will ensure the availability of

mutton and chicken in the food menu. Since this area is full with the greenery rearing of

goats will be very feasible.

4) There is no much difference between the rate of foods for Indians and foreigners. Rate offoods for foreigners should be increased.

Besides tourism other things which can be done for the income generation are

1) Apiculture2) Village shop (Product of Aarohi)3) SHGs: SHGs should be formed. The key activities for these SHGs will be Apiculture,

rearing of goat, poultry etc.

Occupations like Handicrafts and Handloom can be motivated and as being the tourist place,

there is a strong possibility of the market.

Health and Education: Following are the recommendations for health and education.


18/20

18

` The shortage of teachers should be addressed so that the condition of primary and juniorhigh school would be improved. People should also provide a helping hand to the

teachers so that they also get motivated and realize their responsibility.

` For sustainable development participation of community is vital. Youth among thevillagers should be trained for teaching. This will ensure the participation of local

community.

` Availability of doctors should be ensured. This can be done by ensuring the weekly visitof doctors in the village. Medical stores should also be opened.

` Information system should be made strong which can play a major role in providingquick medical facilities to the villagers. For example, people can consult to doctors at

phone and get the suitable medicines from the village medical stores.

` As ASHA & ANM do not perform their duties properly (according to villagers and resultobtained in focus group discussion) and due to this vaccination program of government is

being affected therefore there is an urgent need of advocacy of Vaccination to concerned

authorities for improving performance of ASHA & ANM.

` Institutional delivery facilities are not available. PHC should be revamped. Delivery isperformed by untrained women. People should be made aware ofJSY Schemes so that

they can get all the facilities provided by government. NGOs can play great role to spread

health awareness in the study areas.

` People of Khati are not satisfied by the Medical Camp of AAROHI because they havetreated objectively. No charge was taken to the people of Supi (a nearby village) and

double charge was taken to the people of Khati. So, such biasness should not be done

further more.


19/20

19

Remarkable Findings

People of the study areas are now accentuating on education. They wants to keep

continuous the study of their children, but as there are no Higher secondary (except Supi) schools

to study further (there is one primary school in Khaljuni & Juni). Therefore for further study they

have to go to Supi & Bagheshwar.

The youth of these areas is ready to teach their younger ones and so they should be given a

chance.

This kind of attitude is expected from the youth and this will accelerate the development process

in the study areas.

In Khati, a group of youth wants to do some cottage work and to keep the place free from

pollution. They did this earlier with the help and motivation given by Pakaj Wadhawa. But due

to some conflict this work had been stopped. Now, they want to rejuvenate this group.


20/20

20

final report sub

Documents