final report home system for disable people via bluetooth

7/28/2019 Final Report home system for disable people via bluetooth

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BLUE LIte and Blue HeatBluetooth enabled Smart Home Devices

Mark Shaw and Giorgio Politano

The Bachelor of Applied Computing/Diploma in Wireless and

Telecommunications Technology

University of Guelph-Humber

Dr. Mieso Denko

Submitted to the University of Guelph-Humber August 2008


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Abstract

Home appliances such as security and climate control systems have become

more advanced with the recent improvements in microcontrollers and

wireless technologies such as Bluetooth. Most of these appliances have

difficult and complex user interfaces. However, by incorporating smartphones and other Bluetooth enabled mobile devices, users can connect to the

appliances using their own existing communication device. Although the

automotive industry has taken advantage of this in recent years with the

development of Bluetooth enabled appliances in many higher-end vehicles,

such solutions for the home are not commonly found. This thesis will outline

the design and implementation of a system to interface with pre-existing

home appliances and communicate with a mobile device such as a cell

phone, laptop or PDA via Bluetooth. The application relies on the use of cell

phones, personal computers and temperature sensors to collect signals

through a wireless network to provide users with a simple interface to

interact with appliances in the home.

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ContentsContents........................................................................................................... 3

List of Figures................................................................................................... 5

1. Introduction..................................................................................................6

1.1Background..............................................................................................6

1.2Motivation................................................................................................7

1.3Contribution.............................................................................................7

1.4Organization.............................................................................................8

2. Literature Review......................................................................................... 8

3. Bluetooth enabled Smart Home Devices....................................................10

3.1 Problem Statement...............................................................................10

3.2 Objectives............................................................................................. 11

3.3 Development Tools ..............................................................................13

3.3.1 Bluetooth development board.........................................................13

3.4 Interface Design....................................................................................14

3.4.1 Functional Requirements................................................................14

3.4.2 Non-Functional Requirements.........................................................14

3.4.1 User Interface Prototype.................................................................14

3.5 Software................................................................................................15

3.5.1 Pre-defined Toothpick Services.......................................................15

3.5.2 Program Flow Charts.......................................................................17

3.6 Hardware .............................................................................................17

3.6.1 Block Diagram.................................................................................18

3.6.2 Bluetooth module with microcontroller...........................................18

3.6.3 Bluetooth enabled smart phone......................................................19

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3.6.4 Honeywell CT50 Series analogy Thermostat...................................19

4. Implementation and Analysis.....................................................................20

4.1 Interface................................................................................................20

4.2 Software................................................................................................21

4.2.1 Pre-defined Code.............................................................................21

4.2.2 Blue Heat Code...............................................................................22

4.2.3 Blue Lite Code................................................................................. 23

4.3 Hardware..............................................................................................23

4.3.1 Temperature Control Circuit............................................................24

4.3.2 Lighting Control Circuit...................................................................27

4.5 Running the Application........................................................................30

4.5.1 Interacting with the Interfaces........................................................31

5. Future Work................................................................................................31

6. Conclusions ............................................................................................... 32

Appendix D - Cost...........................................................................................43

4.6.1 Blue Heat........................................................................................ 44

4.6.2 Blue Lite..........................................................................................44

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List of FiguresFigure 1 - Blue Lite/ Blue Heat Interface Prototype........................................15

Figure 2 -Hardware Block Diagram.................................................................18

Figure 3 - ToothPick 2.1 mechanical schematic.............................................19

Figure 4 Blue Lite and Blue Heat CPU User Interface...................................20

Figure 5 - User interface on Java phone.........................................................21

Figure 6 - Blue Heat Prototype - Circuit..........................................................26

Figure 7 - Blue Heat Prototype - Back............................................................26

Figure 8 - Blue Heat Prototype Front...........................................................27

Figure 9 - FlexiPanel Architecture...................................................................29

Figure 10 - Blue Heat Flow Diagram...............................................................37

Figure 11 - Blue Lite Flow Diagram................................................................38

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

Home automation deals with the specific automation requirements of homesand in the application of automation techniques for the comfort and security

of its residents. This can include controlling the lights, climate control,

control of doors and windows, security and surveillance systems. There are

currently several products on the market that allow home owners to control

these devices. This is normally controlled by a handheld remote that

communicates with the devices using a mesh wireless network or a wired

network. These types of devices require a unique and dedicated device to

communicate with the automated products.

One of the basic systems on the market is made by iControl [9] and is easy to

install and expandable. The system uses the 802.11 wireless protocols totransmit signals from the various devices to a control box which is connected

to the internet. Some of the devices the company offers specifically for

elderly care include: cameras, window/door sensors, motion sensors, water

sensors, freeze sensors, panic pendants/wristwatches, smoke detectors,

carbon monoxide detectors, lamp modules, and thermostats. All of the

devices are connected wirelessly to the control box which then allows the

devices to be monitored and controlled using the companies website. This

system is perfect for the elderly because it is easy to use and it allows family

members to monitor the house to ensure that their relative is safe, it is

portable and can easily be installed in an existing home. The majordrawbacks of this system are that it requires the use of several costly

technologies to properly operate. The user must have internet access

available as well as a router to install the control box. The user must also

have a mobile device which has web access to check the status of their

home. This can become expensive with the data plans mobile carriers offer

today.

The automotive industry has also taken advantage of short range wireless

technologies to enable users to safely operate their vehicles while still

making hands free phone calls. Most high-end vehicles produced after 2004

now come equipped with Bluetooth. More than 30 automotive brandsworldwide, including Audi and Land Rover, offer Bluetooth-compatible cars.

Some cars come with Bluetooth systems as standard equipment while some

offer it as an available option. Chrysler's system, called UConnect, includes a

rearview-mirror-mounted microphone, a dash-mounted control pad and a

hidden Bluetooth receiver. Acura's system, called HandsFreeLink, is voice-

activated, and caller, signal and battery strength information display on the

instrument panel. [11]. This system eliminates hard-wired connections or6


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docking stations and allows drivers to operate their cell phones either

through the car's controls or via hands-free voice activation. The system

then communicates back with you through your cars stereo and some

systems even automatically mute your car's audio when a call is answered.

These systems have proved to be a popular selling point as many countries

are making it illegal to use a cell phone while operating a vehicle. Althoughthe automotive industry has shown a dramatic increase in the use of

Bluetooth technologies for smarter cars, this implementation is not widely

found within the home.

Another key project is ongoing at The University of Florida [10]. They have

built a 500 square foot smart house that is designed assist and to provide

medical care to a user. The house implements devices including a microwave

that recognizes entrees and automatically determines how long to cook them

and devices to track the individuals location within the home. The house also

uses devices to detect water on the floor and a camera that allows the person

to view who is at the door and let them in using a cell phone. The smarthouse at the University of Florida relies on a centralized computer network to

deliver electronically coordinated assistance.

1.2 MotivationThe research previously conducted shows the importance of implementing

home automation for the elderly or disabled. Smart homes allow them to

stay in their residents where they feel more comfortable and can prolong the

time before having to move into costly health care facilities. Smart homes

will give the disabled an opportunity for independence that they may not

have had before. The goal of this project is to design a system thatcommunicates with a mobile device such as a cell phone or PDA via

Bluetooth. The application relies on the use of cell phones and inexpensive

sensors and is best suited for the elderly and home-bound people. The main

functions of the project are to collect signals through a wireless sensor

network using the protocol Bluetooth and the analysis for data through an

adaptive architecture.

1.3 ContributionTwo innovative products were produced called Blue Lite and Blue Heat. Blue

Heat is a Bluetooth enabled thermostat and Blue Lite is a Bluetooth enabled

light controller. Both of these applications rely on the use of cell phones orpersonal computers, microcontrollers and temperature control sensors to

collect signals through a wireless network to provide users with a simple

interface to interact with appliances in the home.

The devices produced enable the user to control the appliances using pre-

existing devices such as their mobile phone or home computer. The

interfaces are intuitive and easy to use and provide the user with a more7


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accessible interface then those found in the home. The devices are also very

easy to integrate into existing applications and require only a small amount

of expertise to install.

1.4 Organization

This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is comprised of a literaturereview which describes pre-existing solutions. Section 3 describes the

prototype and design of the system produced and section 4 describes the

implementation and analysis of these systems. Future work and expansions

are discussed in section 5 and finally, section 6 gives the conclusions.

2. Literature ReviewThe introduction of home automation in the 1970s failed to improve the

lifestyles of users for several reasons. Firstly, determining economic benefits

of home automation technologies is difficult. The costs of implementing

smart home technology must be justified by the effects brought about by

their installation [3]. There is a need for home automation technologies to be

cost effective, easy to install and flexible with many network infrastructures

and appliances.

In 2003, Housing Learning & Improvement network published a smart home

definition offered by Interetec which states that a smart home is a dwelling

incorporating a communications network that connects the key electrical

appliances and services, and allows them to be remotely controlled,

monitored or accessed [4]. The following section includes a brief summary

of previous research into smart homes within the past decade.

In 1995, Welfare Techno-Houses were constructed in Japan. [7]. The purpose

of these experiments was to provide health monitoring for elderly and

disabled persons at home by using fully automated measurements to support

daily health care and improve quality of life. The University of Texas at

Arlington has conducted the MavHome project over the past 7 years [8]. The

MavHome (Managing an Adaptive Versatile Home) is a home environment

that detects environment states through sensors and intelligently acts upon

the environment though controllers. The sensors in the home form an ad-hoc

network with interconnect together to make appropriate decisions.

SAP laboratories in Canada with researches from the University of McGill [6]

present a wireless solution for monitoring people in need of medical

assistance. The application relies on the use of cell phones and inexpensive

sensors and is best suited for the elderly and home-bound people. The main

functions of the project is to collect signals through a wireless sensor network

using protocols like ZigBee and Bluetooth and the analysis for data through

an adaptive architecture that produces real-time heath-monitoring system to

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improve medical support for people in their homes and in assisted living

environments.

The research highlights a general architecture framework that consists of

three major parts. Firstly, medical data is collected from sensors and

transmitted to mobile devices through a wireless sensor network. Secondly,collected data is processed by a J2ME application running on mobile devices.

Finally, the data collected and combined with data from other sensors to

decide on an appropriate action. The advantages of this approach are that it

does not require costly equipment, specialized infrastructure or a challenging

learning curve. It can be deployed in a short period of time at a very low

cost.

Several groups have done extensive research into the use of smart home

devices for the support or elderly and handicap people. The University of

Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany [5] has described the challenges regarding

smart homes, especially for supporting the elderly and handicapped. Thepurpose is to compensate for handicaps and support the individual in order to

give them a more independent life for as long as possible.

A set of objectives is outlined that are of particular concern to an elderly or

handicapped person. The higher level goal is to compensate any limitations

in any part of his life as far as possible and to enable the patient to live a

more independent life as long as possible. Several sub-networks were used

in the implementation which includes Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, Radio

Frequency ID (RFID), Internet (TPC/IP) and the telephone network. A

Bluetooth network is used to interconnect the nodes and to transport sensor

data over the network. The RFID system provides the possibility to transmitdata from the RFID tags that are recording occupancy locations. Their

approach sends messages via Bluetooth using the available Bluetooth

module on the nodes. This means no further hardware is required and

additionally no further costs arise.

A Similar system to the one proposed in this thesis includes research

conducted by Engineering students at the University of Bangladesh regarding

the control of remote systems using mobile telephony [15]. The paper

focuses on the services provided by mobile phones and how they can be used

to communicate with and control remote systems. A prototype was

developed which involves the use of two mobile phones, a computer and a

Bluetooth module or X10 controller as the hardware components. Software to

facilitate the communication among the devices uses the Java Standard

Edition (J2SE) and Micro Addiction (J2ME) and the C programming language.

The system uses a Java enabled mobile phone running their application to

send control messages to the home. A second phone is connected to the

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home computer using a data cable. Software running on the home computer

monitors the home mobile for incoming control messages and acts as an

interface between the home mobile and the home appliance. When a

message is received, it sends commands via Bluetooth to communicate with

the appliances. The key issue with this approach is that a computer is

required to interface between the home appliance and the phone. The use ofa microcontroller would be better suited to this type of application as many

are available with built in USB and Bluetooth support.

The paper does however reinforce the advantages of using a wireless

standard. Bluetooth is a global standard for connecting a wide range of

devices, it is available on most handheld devices, the technology is very easy

to use and set up, and it provides security by encrypting data using a 128-bit

long shared key.

Radio Frequency (RF) systems have become increasingly popular recently

with the advancements in RF technology such as Bluetooth and Zigbee.These products offer a much more reliable short range network then previous

Infrared devices which had interference and security issues. This project will

also focus on RF systems for the smart home with focus on the Bluetooth

technology. Although many systems have been researched and proposed,

very few if any have been implemented. This project aims to build on the

previous research described to implement a wireless sensor network to

monitor appliances in the house. These appliances will be controlled via a

mobile device running Bluetooth. This approach provides an easy to operate

and cost effective approach that will benefit the elderly and those with

disabilities function as normally as possible.

3. Bluetooth enabled Smart Home Devices

3.1 Problem StatementThe focus of our research is on helping elderly or handicapped people live a

more independent life as long as possible. The objective of our system is to

take care of several domestic systems that may normally be difficult for

those who are handicap or elderly to take care of. The proposed idea will

allow a user with any Bluetooth enabled device to run a piece of

downloadable software on any mobile device such as a cell phone or PDA.This application will allow the user to control a device that is connected to

any home appliance that is Bluetooth enabled. The focus of this application

will be to direct a lighting system and a climate control system. Sensors will

be connected to the home appliances so that they can be monitored and

controlled.

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Suppose an elderly person who has gone to bed and during the middle of the

night becomes uncomfortable with the temperature of the house or hears a

noise outside. The proposed system would enable the client to control the

temperature by turning on and the heat or turning on and off the air

conditioning. The user can set heat or air to turn on at a specified

temperature.

The user could also check the status of the outside light and turn on and off

the light without the need to get out of bed. These devices would also benefit

users with limited mobility that may have a difficult time getting to or even

reaching their light switch or thermostat. These objectives require a large

amount of technology. The user interface must be as simple and powerful as

possible and operate in a self-organized way.

3.2 ObjectivesThe following lists of objectives must be completed with this in mind:

1. Develop Bluetooth Appliance Controller: A microcontroller will

interface with the Bluetooth module to perform the automation. A

simple microcontroller will receive signals from the cell phone and will

be processed.

2. Develop Software for a Bluetooth Enables Mobile Device: An

application will need to be developed using the J2ME java platform for

programs running on mobile devices using the Java APIs for Bluetooth

Wireless.

3. Integrate the Appliance Controller to a Device: The appliancecontroller needs to be integrated with the lighting/climate control

systems at a low cost with easy installation.

4. Create a Scatternet with the Appliance Controller Devices:

Create ad hoc Bluetooth network that is formed by interconnecting

devices. This allows every Bluetooth device to be reached by every

other device. This is necessary due to Bluetooths short

communication range (10m-100m). This will enable the user to

connect to all devices on the network without having to worry about

distance form the device.

5. Conduct Experiments and Analyse Data: Using the mobile device

and the appliance controller, conduct tests on usability and product

range within a home environment.

The user will require the following components:

Bluetooth enabled device

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Client Software

Bluetooth appliance controller

Two applications will be developed to run the light control ad the climate

control devices. The application should be capable of running on several

platforms. An application will be created to run on devices such as mobile

phones, PDAs and Blackberry devices. To make the software work on as

many devices as possible, applications will also be written to operate on

Windows Mobile clients as well as Bluetooth enabled Windows PCs. The goal

for this application is to make it as robust as possible so that it can be run on

many different platforms.

Bluetooth wireless technology will be used which is a short range

communications network that was developed to replace cables that connect

portable and fixed devices. Bluetooth is capable of providing low power, low

cost and robust communications between devices. The Bluetooth standardhas been globally accepted which allow almost any Bluetooth enabled device

to communicate with each other seamlessly. This makes the Bluetooth

standard best suited for this type of installation.

A microcontroller will interface with the Bluetooth module to perform the

automation. Bluetooth modules have been developed which combine

Bluetooth wireless radios with programmable integrated controllers that

include a full protocol stack that makes interfacing with the host controller

simple, without the need for Bluetooth expertise. A simple microcontroller

will receive signals from the cell phone and will be processed. This will

require both software and hardware development to receive data from thecell phone via Bluetooth to perform the tasks.

A device that would turn on and off a light will be developed that would use a

simple relay to cut the power to an LED to simulate a light fixture in the

home. Another device will be used that has a feedback controller circuit with

a small fan and a thermistor. This will simulate a heating and air conditioning

thermostat in the home.

Quantitative results will compare our work with previous work and will

highlight how our application works better. Some key factors for the

evaluation will include performance, quality of service, ease of use, and howthe product makes the lives of people easier and better. Maintaining and

enhancing the quality of life for both older people and people with disabilities

involves making independent living as easy as possible.

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3.3 Development ToolsThe first step in beginning the design and development of our product was to

find the tools necessary to accomplish the tasks. The following is a list and

brief description of software used and why each product was selected.

There are four main components that will be needed to accomplish ourproject. These include a Bluetooth module with microcontroller, a Bluetooth

development board, a Bluetooth enabled smart phone and software

development tools.

After extensive research into the products and solutions currently available,

the following were chosen to meet our application-specific requirements.

3.3.1 Bluetooth development board

The primary aim of the Bluetooth Evaluation Board is to allow evaluation of

Bluetooth products as easily as possible. The evaluation board can be used

during development as a reliable, tested environment while troubleshooting.This board was selected to help aid in the development of applications and

testing of the device. It was later replaced with custom electronics once the

final device was ready for production.

3.3.2 Microchip Inc. MPLAB IDE,This development interface is a free, integrated toolset for the developmentof embedded applications employing Microchip's PIC microcontrollers. MPLABIDE runs as a 32-bit application on MS Windows, is easy to use and includes ahost of free software components for fast application development anddebugging. MPLAB IDE also serves as a single, unified graphical userinterface for additional Microchip and third party software and hardware

development tools. Moving between tools and upgrading from the freesoftware simulator to hardware debug and programming tools isaccomplished easily because MPLAB IDE has the same user interface for alltools. For these reasons, we selected this IDE for the development of thebackend code for the mobile applications. [13]

3.3.3 FlexiPanel Designer,This graphical user interface design tool is a free is software bundle to aid inthe design of FlexiPanel user interfaces. The user interface may be specifiedand tested from within the design tool and then exported to a specificFlexiPanel Server. FlexiPanel is a generic technology for allowing one device(the FlexiPanel Server) to create a user interface on another device (the

FlexiPanel Client). It provides a wireless universal remote control andmonitoring facility for computer software and electronic products, eliminatingthe need for user interface components. [14]

These intergraded development environments allow us to design and develop

applications to be used on smart phones which will communicate with the

Bluetooth device. There is also extensive documentation and help guides and

examples to help guide us through the development process.

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3.4 Interface DesignTwo graphical user interfaces were developed, one called Blue Lite and theother called Blue Heat. Blue Lite will control the lighting system while BlueHeat will control the climate HVAC system. The user interface was developedto allow the applications to be run on several common mobile platforms. The

FlexiPanel Designer software was used to create simple yet intuitive userinterfaces. The interface was first developed to produce a more user friendlyproduct.

3.4.1 Functional Requirements

The goal was to develop a robust application which would allow a user to turnon and off a light or adjust the climate controls of a thermostat within rangeof the mobile device. The application required both user input and feedbackwhich takes user input and sends a signal to the Bluetooth module. Themodule then performs the desired action and returns a response to theapplication. The applications also needed to be memory and processorconscious as both these factors are often limited on most mobile devices.

Also, the interface is stored in a client/server architecture where the code forthe interface is on the module and is downloaded to the mobile device whenuser connects. Creating an interface that is too large results in increaseddownload time and this needed to be avoided. With these factors in mind,the initial prototype of the application was produced.

3.4.2 Non-Functional Requirements

The interfaces needed to be simple so that it could still be used by customersthat were not technically savvy. The end user may be someone very familiarwith mobile applications or it may be an elderly person who is new to thetechnology. The goal was to produce a product that would be easy to use forall users while still maintaining an atheistically pleasing interface which was

similar to the common look and feel of other mobile applications.3.4.1 User Interface Prototype

Figure 1 shows the prototype design for both the Blue Lite and Blue Heat userinterfaces. The initial design had to keep in mind the functional and non-functional requirements listed above.

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Figure 1 - Blue Lite/ Blue Heat Interface Prototype

3.5 SoftwareAs mentioned earlier, the Bluetooth module uses a PIC microcontroller

created by Microchip Technology. They provide a simple development

interface called MPLAB which can be used to write software for the

microcontroller. Using the pre-generated code from the design software

which takes the user interface objects and creates C code, the backend code

was written to communicate between the user interface and the electronicdevices. All the development was done using the C programming language.

3.5.1 Pre-defined Toothpick Services

Several Toothpick services are preinstalled in the module in protected

memory which helps aid in programming for the module. Several of these

functions were used in generating the backend code and are explained in

detail below:

Digital I/O

The microcontroller allows for all the pins, except for power and ground to be

used as single bit digital input/output pins provided they are not already used

for another function. For both appliance applications, several outputs were

used to allow the microcontroller to trigger a relay which would allow the light

and or HVAC to turn on and off. The built in functions provided by the

Toothpick services makes using this pins very simple and only several lines of

code are required.


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Analog I/O

The microcontroller supports up to 12 channels of 10-bit and 8-bit analog to

digital conversion. Code definitions provided by the Toothpick services

makes using these very simple. The A/D converter was utilized to enable the

Blue Heat application to read an analog temperature value from a thermistorcircuit and convert this value into a temperature reading. The thermistor

circuit provides a value ranging between 0 5V which is fed into an input pin

on the microcontroller. The A/D converter then takes this voltage and returns

a value to the application between 0-255 depending on the voltage. The

thermistor provides a specific voltage per degree change and this information

was used to then convert this 8 bit number into a corresponding

temperature.

LinkMatik Control

These set of controls lets the program access the LinkMatik Bluetooth radiodirectly. It is connected to the universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter

port of the PIC microcontroller which interfaces the radio to the

microcontroller. These services pre-installed in the module allowed us to

communicate with the radio easily to perform tasks such as connecting and

disconnecting from the remote device and putting the Bluetooth radio into an

aggressive power saving mode. The radio returns to normal power mode

when a command is give or a Bluetooth event occurs. This state is entered

when the module is not connected to a remote device to help conserve

power.

Call back Functions

When an event occurs and the Bluetooth module needs to inform the

application that something has happen, it calls one of the provided call back

functions. The cal back functions provided include the following:

Error Status this is called if an error occurs and several error codesare provided by the modules services. These error codes were usedextensively to de-bug the application and code has been written to haltthe application if an error has occurred.

LMTEvent called when an event occurs on the LinkMatik module.These events are described above in the LinkMatik control section anddeal with connecting and disconnecting the remote devices.

FXPEvent - called when a FlexiPanel interface event occurs, such as abutton being pressed. This event handler was used to trigger theapplication that the user had interacted with the interface and theappropriate action is taken based on the input.

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The module provides many other services and pre-written functions includingpulse width modulation, parallel communication protocols and many othersbut these were utilized for our application.

3.5.2 Program Flow Charts

Two program flow charts were created for both the Blue Heat and Blue Liteapplications main code. These flow charts explain the logic of the code and

how each component interacts with the others. Please see Appendix B.

3.6 HardwareThe following is a block diagram of the components used and a detailed

description each block used and why each product was selected. The diagram

shows the 3 major components used for the project. Those items in yellow

were purchased and those in red were designed and created to work with the

off the shelf components.

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3.6.1 Block Diagram

Figure 2 -Hardware Block Diagram

3.6.2 Bluetooth module with microcontroller

The ToothPick 2.0 Bluetooth Transceiver combines the PIC 18LF67J10

programmable interface controlled microcontroller and the LinkMatik

(Bluetooth 2.0) radio device and was purchased for this project. The

microcontroller comes preloaded with Toothpick Services firmware which

includes FlexiPanel user interface server which allows the developer to create

intuitive graphical interfaces to communicate with the Bluetooth module. It

also comes packaged with a wireless field programming tool which allows the

software to be electronically distributed and uploaded to the microcontroller

using the Bluetooth protocol.

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Figure 3 - ToothPick 2.1 mechanical schematic

This device was chosen because of several key features. This module

provides a FCC/CE certified 2.4GHz Class 1.0 Bluetooth radio which provides

a free space operating range of 100 meters with an integral antenna. The

device is very small in size with the L x W x H measuring 51mm 22mm 10mm and requires a low regulated voltage of only 5 volts. It draws a limited

current of 30mA during transmission and is capable of going into sleep mode

where it only draws several hundred micro Amps. These features make it the

ideal solution to easily integrate into existing home appliances.

3.6.3 Bluetooth enabled smart phone

There are several phones on the market currently that employ Bluetoothtechnology. Most major high and low end phones are capable of working withthis type of application. For the testing and implementation, the Nokia 6265ihandset was used. This phone provides Bluetooth wireless technology

support with an integrated class 2 radio with a transmission range of 30meters. This device is compliant with Bluetooth Specification 1.2 and itsupports several profiles for communication [12]. This phone was chosenbecause it provides the tools needed to load and test our mobile application.

3.6.4 Honeywell CT50 Series analogy Thermostat

In order to test the temperature control circuit, we required the use of acommercially sold thermostat. We choose the Honeywell CT50 because it

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provides a simple analog interface which we were capable of manipulating inorder to connect and test our Blue Heat temperature control system.

4. Implementation and Analysis

4.1 InterfaceOnce the template was produced, it was time to use the FlexiPaneldevelopment tool to generate the interface. FlexiPanel Designer managesthe list of controls that are to be displayed to the user. The software packageprovides various views to control different aspects of the controls, such ashow they are managed and how they appear on specific client software. Theapplication was written to work across several clients including a Windows PCand a mobile phone running java and the interface was modified for eachtype of client.

For the Windows PC client, once you connect the computer to the module,

the user interface is displayed as shown in the development tool. Since aWindows PC can provide more processing power, a more advanced userinterface was created and shown below.

Figure 4 Blue Lite and Blue Heat CPU User Interface

The Java phone user interface is greatly limited to the graphics and

processing power of the phone being used. For this reason, the interface is

displayed as a simple list of controls which can be modified by the user. The

client can use the scroll functions of their phone to traverse through the list

and use a select button to interact with the controls. This interface resembles

common applications for mobile devices which should be very familiar to the

user. The following image shows how the user interface appears on a mobile

phone.

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Figure 5 - User interface on Java phone

Once the user interface was designed, it can be programmed into theBluetooth module but the controls are not yet interactive because only theinterface is generated at this point. The Toothpick MPLAB modules areautomatically generated by the designer software which produces .C and .Hfiles. These files provide code which enables the use of the controls on theinterface. An application was then generated using MP LAB to interact withthe application. The following section outlines the backend code that waswritten.

4.2 SoftwareThe backend code that we produced for the applications is explained in thenext section. The code flow charts will help describe the flow of the code.Both the applications for the Blue Lite and Blue Heat modules were written inC using the MPLAB IDE. The software produced utilizes many of the built infunctions described above as well user defined methods.

The application consists of several classes which will be discussed in detail inthis section. The first section describes the code produced by the interface

design software and several header files which must be included. The second

section describes code we produced.

4.2.1 Pre-defined Code

There are two files called Blueheat.c and Blueheat.h that is produced by the

FlexiPanel design software for the user interface. A custom application was

being developed using MPLAB C18 so the user interface is transferred to the

Bluetooth module as computer-generated C files which are included during

compilation. This takes the interface that was designed for the applications

and converts it into C so that it may be stored on the Bluetooth module.There was no need to modify the C code. The BlueHeat.h file is also

generated and gives access to several predefined methods which allow the

user interface to be controlled and manipulated. This includes methods to

get values from text boxes, set values in number fields and retrieve alerts

when the interface is modified by a user.

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Two other files that are utilized are called Toothpick.h and PIC18F6720.h. The

first file is a header file provided by FlexiPanel and is specially written for the

Bluetooth module used for this project. It was not modified and must be

included in the project package. The second file is a header file which is

included in the MPLAB C18 compiler and is specifically written for the PIC

microcontroller and is written and supplied by Microchip Technology. It mustbe included in order to use the microcontroller and includes methods to

perform low-level tasks. This code was not modified and must be included in

the project package.

4.2.2 Blue Heat Code

The main application called main.c starts by waiting for a client to connect. It

will continue to loop through a while loop waiting until a client has connected.

During this time, the green LED on the Bluetooth module is set to flash every

250ms to indicate that it is ready and waiting for a connection. When a

connection is made by a remote device, a high-level interrupt is thrown and

the user is connected to the module. When this occurs, the red LED on themodule is set on to indicate a user has connected.

Once a user has connected the main loop continues by reading a value from

one of the analog inputs and setting up the Analog to digital converter. The

value from the input is fed into the 8 bit A to D converter which then returns

a value between 0 and 255. This is a digital representation of the value being

fed into the microcontroller by the thermistor. This number is then converted

into a temperature value in degrees Celsius.

The value from the user interface is then read into memory which represents

the desired temperature. A get method is provided in the BlueHeat.h file toget this information from the textbox. The code then checks to see if the

user has selected the heat and AC buttons on the user interface. When the

user clicks on one of the buttons in the interface, a low level event is

triggered. Within this interrupt handler, a value called SetH or SetAC is set to

1 depending on which button was selected and the code returns from the

interrupt handler.

If the heat button was pressed, setH will be set to high. IF this condition is

true, a specific pin on the microcontroller is set to high which triggers the

relay to switch to activate the heat control and another pin is set to low which

deactivates the AC control. This is done because the Heat and AC cannot be

turned on at the same time. The opposite occurs if the AC condition is true.

A pin on the microcontroller is set to high to activate the AC control and the

heat control is deactivated. This process simulates the user manually

switching the AC or Heat on using the thermostat.

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Next, the value read from the analogue to digital converter which represents

the rooms current temperature is compared against the desired room

temperature inputted by the user. If the heat has been activated and the

desired room temperature is greater than the current room temperature, a

pin is set to high on the microcontroller which will trigger a relay to turn the

heat unit on and start heating the room. If the desired room temperature isless than the current room temperature, the heat is turned off. If the AC has

been activated and the desired room temperature is greater than the current

room temperature, the AC is turned ON by setting on of the microcontrollers

pins to high. If the desired room temperature is less than the current room

temperature, the AC is turned off.

This process is continually repeated to cycle on and off the HVAC unit as the

room temperature changes. A temperature threshold of 1 degree Celsius is

used to keep the current room temperature within 1 degree of the users

desired temperature. This means if the user has selected 25 degrees, the

room would heat until it reached 26, shut off and naturally cool until thetemperature reached 24 degrees. The heat would then be activated again

and the process continues.

4.2.3 Blue Lite Code

The code starts by waiting for a client to connect. It will continue to loop

through a while loop waiting until a client has connected. During this time,

the green LED on the Bluetooth module is set to flash every 250ms to

indicate that it is ready and waiting for a connection. When a connection is

made by a remote device, a high-level interrupt is thrown and the user is

connected to the module. When this occurs, the red LED on the module is set

on to indicate a user has connected.

Once a user has connected the main loop continues by monitoring the on off

button provided in the user interface. When the user selects the button, a

low level interrupt is triggered. In this event handler, a value called setLight

is set to 1 which indicates the button has been pressed and the interrupt

returns back to the main code. If the value is set to 1 then one of the output

pins of the microcontroller is set to high to switch on the light. If the value is

set to 0 then the output is set to low to switch off the light. The source code

for both applications is included in the appendix.

4.3 HardwareThe next step was the development of the electronic components for both of

our products. Two separate components were created for each of the devices

and are described in detail below. Please see Appendix A for the schematics

of both this devices.

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4.3.1 Temperature Control Circuit

The temperature control circuit is designed to be interfaced with any existing analog thermostat

with very little modification. The control circuit replaces the functionality of the thermostat by

mimicking the same functionality but using digital signals. The Blue Heat module can be placed

near the existing thermostat to work with it or is capable of completely replacing your analog

device.

The Bluetooth module is mounted on a circuit board inside the protective casing and is powered

by a single 9V battery. Since standard manual thermostats do not receive any power, an external

power source was needed. This means the battery will need to be replaced periodically by the

user. The LM7805 5 volt power regulator is used to regulate the 9 volts being supplied by the

battery to a 5 volt DC input required by the microcontroller.

Temperature Sensor

A typical analog thermostat uses two different thermometers. One on the front cover to display

the temperature and the other in the thermostat controls the heating and cooling systems. These

thermometers are simply coiled bimetallic strips that consist of two materials with different rate of

expansion and when they heat and cool they expand and contract. To replace this mechanism, a

thermistor was used to read the temperature. A thermistor is a type of resistor with varying

resistance according to temperature. The sensor uses a platinum material which has a

predicable electrical resistant change with varying temperature. The advantages of this type of

temperature sensor are its low cost, compact size and fast response time to vary temperatures.

A single thermostat can be used to control the HVAC system as well as to display the current

temperature to the user.

A voltage divider circuit was created which is a simple linear circuit that produces a portion of the

input voltage across the component. The termistor produces a resistance of 4.7K ohms at 100

degrees Celsius so it was paired with a 4.7K resistor in series to create the voltage divider. The

voltage reading being dropped across the circuit is directly proportional to the current temperature

and produces a value between 0 and 5 volts. One of the major problems with a thermistor is the

variation in measured temperature over the temperature range. This means the resistance vs.

temperature curve is not non-linear which made it very difficult to convert the reading from the

temperature sensor to a temperature. Usually the resolution is good at lower temperatures but

becomes very poor at higher temperatures. To fix this problem a resistor was placed in parallel

with the thermistor. The resistors value is equal to the thermistor's resistance at the mid-range

temperature. This resulted in a significant reduction in non-linearity. This means that there is now

a consistent voltage change vs. temperature curve. This value is then fed into the analog to digital

convertor on the microcontroller where it is changed into a digital reading.

Internal Operation

There are several situations when switching done by the thermostat. Switching occurs when the

user turns on or off the heat and air conditioning and when the HVAC cycles on and off

depending on what the rooms ambient temperature is. Several relays are used to replace these

switching capabilities. There are four terminals on a thermostat that need to be connected and

disconnected. The transformer on the heating and air conditioning unit provides 24V AC from a

transformer. This is then carried through the thermostat and depending on the settings and

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temperature conditions; the voltage is carried to the relay on the HVAC unit to turn on and off the

system.

The Omron G5V-2 relay was selected that is capable of switching up to 125VAC with a load up to

2 amps. This is more than what is required as it will be used to switch the 24VAC coming from the

transformer. The relay is capable of being triggered with 5V which will be provided by one of the

microcontrollers outputs. Some other benefits of the relay are that it provides a fully-sealed case,

has an operation response time of only 7ms and has a life expectancy of over 15 million

operations. In order to protect the microcontroller, a diode was placed in series with the switching

voltage line from the microcontroller to the relay. Current flowing through a relay coil creates a

magnetic field which collapses suddenly when the current is switched off. The sudden collapse of

the magnetic field induces a brief high voltage across the relay coil which is very likely to damage

the microcontroller over time.

Interfacing with Thermostat

The unit will work with a typical thermostat that is designed for a system with four wires. The wire

terminations from the control circuit are marked as follows:

RH - This wire comes from the 24VAC transformer on the heating system.

RC - This wire comes from the 24VAC transformer on the air-conditioning system.

W - This wire comes from the relay that turns on the heating system.

Y - This wire comes from the relay that turns on the cooling system.

To integrate the Blue Heat control unit with an existing thermostat, the user must connect the

clearly labeled wires from the control unit to the matching connectors inside the thermostat. This

will enable the user to control the HVAC unit using the thermostat as well as the Blue Heat

device. The Blue Heat circuit is wired in series with the existing thermostat. The thermostat can

be used normally at any time while the Blue Heat device is in the off state. If the Blue Heat

device is in the on state, and left in this state, the user will not be able to manually shut it off until

the state is changed to off.

The entire unit is housed inside an atheistically pleasing plastic housing which is made by Pactec

Enclosures. It was chosen because it can be mounted on the wall under an existing thermostat

or in place of an existing one. The housing is completely sealed and all the electronics are

hidden inside the casing which is held together using 4 screws. The unit can be easily serviced

and the entire control circuit inside can be removed if need be. Also, a small door on the back of

the unit provides easy access to the battery for when it needs to be replaced. A blue and red led

are located on the front of the unit to indicate to the user the current state of the HVAC unit. The

red LED is used to indicate if the heat is on and the blue LED is used to indicate if the air

conditioning is on.

Product Results

The next section shows the final product for the Blue Heat device which is illustrated in several

pictures. Figure 8 shows a top view of the prototypes circuitry inside the housing. You can see the

battery compartment on the left which holds a standard 9V battery. This is accessible though a

small removable door on the back of the enclosure as shown in figure 9. The right side of the

housing holds the circuitry and is isolated from the battery compartment.

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Figure 6 - Blue Heat Prototype - Circuit

Figure 7 - Blue Heat Prototype - Back

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Figure 8 - Blue Heat Prototype Front

4.3.2 Lighting Control Circuit

The lighting control circuit is designed to be interfaced with an existing light

switch within the wall electrical box unit. The circuit can easily be wired into

a switch box to allow both your light switch and your Bluetooth enabled

device to control the operation of the light. In order to simulate the

mechanical switching of a light switch, a special type of relay was needed.

The relay needed to be capable of switching 110VAC power source found in

North American homes as well as handle up to 10A of current. The relay also

needed to be triggered with a 5V input from the microcontroller but still

protect it from power spikes and surges which may occur on the power lines.

Internal Operation

In order to accomplish this, the Omron G3NE solid state relay was used. A

solid state relay (SRS) acts as an electronic switch but contains no moving parts. The relay we

chose is a photo-coupled which means it uses a light emitting diode (LED) to activate a

photosensitive transistor to switch the load. They key benefits to this type of relay are that it can

be controlled by a low voltage signal from the microcontroller and physically isolates the controller

from the load optically. It also has built in protection against external surges.

A 9V battery is used to power the microcontroller which is converted to 5V using another LM7805

voltage regulator. The idea setup would use an AC transformer to convert the 110VAC coming

from the power lines to a manageable 6VDC supply to run the microcontroller. This was not

chosen because it requires a much more complex system but will be discussed in the future work

section.

The lighting control circuit is wired in series with the existing light switch to enable them both to

operate at the same time. In order for either one of the two switches to operate, the other switch

needs to be in the on position. The user can leave the Bluetooth control operating as on and still

manually switch on and off the light using the physical switch. Likewise, the user can leave the

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switch in the on position and switch the light on and off using the mobile device. Below is a

detailed schematic of the light controller circuit.

Product Results

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4.4 Installing the Application

The FlexiPanel server which is installed on the module allows remote devicessuch as Windows PCs, handheld devices and cell phones to display userinterfaces that are stored on the server. It uses the FlexiPanel BluetoothProtocol to transmit the user interface to the remote device. The remotedevice needs to run the FlexiPanel Client software which is freely available forboth pocket PCs and Windows operating systems. The Client software doesnot require customization, since the user interface specifications are storedon the Bluetooth module and transmitted to the mobile client when itconnects. The module is not concerned about the type of client whichconnects and it treats them equally. The user interface is compiled usingFlexiPanel Designer software.

Figure 9 - FlexiPanel Architecture

FlexiPanel Clients connect to FlexiPanel servers and a client may connect to aserver at any time. The client is the module installed in the home appliancecontroller and the client is a remote device such as a pocket PC or PDA. Oncethe client has made connection to the server via Bluetooth, the server tellsthe client to display the desired user interface on its display. The server maymodify the contents and appearance of the controls at any time, and evenreplace the entire dialog with another. If the client modifies a control, forexample pressing a button, it sends a message to the FlexiPanel Server.Either the server or the client may choose to disconnect at any time.

Additionally, the link may be dropped if the devices go out of range of eachother. The state of the controls is retained by the server so that if the clientreconnects, or another client connects, the user interface will be in the samestate as it was when it was last modified. The application was designedtaking into account the possibility of a dropped connection. This wasaccomplished by making sure that no action would be taken which relies on aclients ability to maintain a connection. If the connection is dropped, theapplication will store the current values and continue to operate.

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Wireless field programming (WFP) was used which is a service that allows thedeveloper to program Toothpick via Bluetooth. A separate Windows softwareapplication is used for wireless field programming. The program is also ableto create Service Packs which are specialized executable files for eitherWindows and/or Pocket PC which can be distributed to allow customers to

upgrade the application themselves. This application is used to pair with theBluetooth module and transmit the application via the Bluetooth wirelessprotocol to the module to be stored in memory.

4.5 Running the ApplicationTo run the application, the user must download the client software on the

mobile device or PC.

To install the application on a java phone follow the steps below:

1. Download FlexiPanel.jar from

http://www.flexipanel.com/WirelessSoftware.htm.

2. Transfer the file to the phone using Bluetooth file transfer, infrared or

your sync cradle. You need consult your computer and/or phone

manual to find out how to do this. Try right clicking on the

FlexiPanel.jar and choosing one of the Send To options.

3. The phone should automatically detect that the file is a Java

application and install it automatically. Depending on the phone you

have, you may be warned that the software is not certified.

Acknowledge this and continue.

On start-up, the client application will automatically search for devices to

connect to. After a few seconds, a list of available Bluetooth devices will be

shown. The applications will be labelled Blue Heat and Blue Lite on your

phone. Select the device you wish to connect to. If the expected device is not

displayed, scan again by selecting Options > Refresh from the menu.

The client application for Windows requires a built in Bluetooth radio or

external dongle to operate. To install the application on a Windows PC, follow

the steps below:

1. Download the Windows Remote Client FlexiPanelWin30.exe fromhttp://www.flexipanel.com/WirelessSoftware.htm.

2. The client software is a standalone application and requires no

additional installation. Simply click on the saved file to begin using it.

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4.5.1 Interacting with the Interfaces

When you connect to one of the devices using a phone or pocket PC, the

controls are displayed on the screen in a list. Once a connection is

established, the controls will be displayed and can be used by the client.

Depending on the phone being used, the application will appear slightly

different. To interact with the button controls, simply scroll to the buttonicon using your mobile phones navigation keys and select the button using

the designated button on your phone. To interact with text controls, scroll to

the text icon using your mobile phones navigation keys and select the text

control. Then us the mobiles keypad to enter the value and press select.

To interact with the interface using a Windows personal computer, use the

mouse pointer to hover over the desired buttons and left click on the button

icons to activate the controls. To use the text box control, select the text box

with the mouse, use the keyboard to input the value, and press the OK button

to update the field.

5. Future WorkAlthough the final products were very successful at accomplishing the

objectives, it must be kept in mind that the products produced are simple

prototypes and much more work would need to be done to create a

marketable product. Several areas that need to be improved are the size of

the devices, the cost of the devices, the power sources used and the range of

communication.

Currently, the Blue Lite device is too large to fit easily into a pre-existing wall

switch electrical box. There are several ways this could be improved in future

work. The use of surface mount components would dramatically decrease

the overall size of the components. Surface mount components are also

often less expensive as they require less material to produce. For example

FlexiPanel offers the Toothpick microcontroller in a surface mount package

for $91.50. This would help reduce the overall cost of the devices as well as

the size. Another area to help improve the size is the circuit board that is

used. Currently for the prototype, a generic breadboard style board was

used. If this device were to be commercially produced, a more compact

circuit board could be designed.

The overall cost of the devices is also a major area of concern. One of the

key reasons that smart home technology has failed to be implemented in the

home is the cost to benefit ratio. Currently, with each devices prototype

costing over $150, it is difficult to justify the cost to the end user. There are

several reasons for the high cost of the devices but the main reason is that

every one of the components used was purchased through a middle supplier

in limited quantities. The cost would be dramatically reduced if the

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components were purchased through the manufacture in higher quantities.

Cost savings of over 400 percent can be made simply by purchasing in bulk.

For example, the LM7805 voltage regulator used in both applications was

purchased for 47 cents each. If the order was increased to 10,000

components, the unit price drops to only 11 cents.

The power sources used for both applications rely on batteries to power the

devices. This is a major issue for two reasons. Firstly, the running costs of

both devices increases as the user must purchase and replace batteries to

keep the device operational. Secondly, the device is not always easily

accessible, especially for those users with impairments. This could be

improved by using the existing power source, especially with the Blue Lite

device which could use the 110V AC source already being used to power the

device. Several digital thermostats also have a power source being provided

that could be tapped into to power the device.

The last area of improvement is in regards to the range of the devices. Theradio being used by the devices is a Class 1 Bluetooth radio which has a rage

of up to 100ft. However, most mobile phones today us a Class 2 Bluetooth

radio which has an operational range of only 30ft. This limits the users range

and requires that, if a mobile device is used, you must be within line of sight

of the appliance. A solution is to use a home computer with a Class 1

Bluetooth dongle to access the devices that are at a farther distance. Test

results indicated that the user had a range of over 80ft in this type of

application and could easily control devices in other rooms and on other

floors of the house.

6. ConclusionsThe goal of this paper was to outline the design and implementation of a

system to interface easily with pre-existing home appliances and

communicate with a mobile device such as a cell phone, laptop or PDA via

Bluetooth using a simple interface. Two innovative products were produced

called Blue Lite and Blue Heat. Blue Heat is a Bluetooth enabled thermostat

and Blue Lite is a Bluetooth enabled light controller. Both of these

applications rely on the use of cell phones and personal computers and

inexpensive sensors to collect signals through a wireless network to provide

users with a simple interface to interact with appliances in the home.

The devices produced enable the user to control the appliances using pre-

existing devices such as their mobile phone or home computer. The

interfaces are intuitive and easy to use and provide the user with a more

accessible interface then those found in the home. The devices are also very

easy to integrate into existing applications and require only a small amount

of expertise to install.

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Our research shows the many types of applications for implementing home

automation and the applications are not limited to those discussed in this

paper. The technology used could be implemented in a wide variety of

applications that require the use of sensors and appliances. This project

successfully designed a system that communicates with a mobile device such

as a cell phone or laptop via Bluetooth to control a thermostat and a lightswitch but has many possible applications that could benefit from this work.

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Appendix A Schematics

Blue Heat Schematic Diagram


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Blue Lite Schematic Diagram


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Appendix B Code Flow Charts

Blue Heat

Figure 10 - Blue Heat Flow Diagram

Blue Lite

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Figure 11 - Blue Lite Flow Diagram

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Appendix C Code

Main.c

#include "Toothpick.h"

#include

#include "BlueLite.h"

rom unsigned char * szOn = "ON\r\n";rom unsigned char * szOff = "OF\r\n";unsigned char * zero = 0;int set = 0;

void main( void ){

//if no BlueMatik, flash red led rapidlywhile ((ToothpickSemaphores&TPSF_LMTEXISTS)==0){

LedRed = ~LedRed;msDelay(50);

}FxPCommand( FxPC_Start, 0, 0 );

AwaitLMTComplete();

// main loopwhile ( 1 ){

// Flash LED to show we're aliveLedGreen = ~LedGreen;msDelay( 250 );

} // end of while ( 1 )

}

// HighInterrupt handler - nothing needs to be done

void HighInterrupt (void){}

// LowInterrupt handler - only thing to do is clear the once-per-second clock tickinterruptvoid LowInterrupt (void){

if (IsSWI( SWI_Tick ) ){

ClearSWI( SWI_Tick ); // Clear clock interrupt flagreturn;

}

}

// Error event handlervoid ErrorStatus( unsigned char ErrNum ){

// Flash error number for diagnositic purposes// For product releases, a Reset() is better for unanticipated errorsBreakpoint( ErrNum );

}

// LinkMatik Event handlervoid LMTEvent( unsigned char EventID, void *pData1, void *pData2 )

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{if ( EventID==LMTE_Syntax ){

// Flash error number for diagnositic purposes// For product releases, a Reset() is better for unanticipated errorsBreakpoint( ((unsigned char*)pData1)[0] );

}}

// FxPEvent handlervoid FxPEvent( unsigned char EventID, void *pData ){

if ( EventID==FxPE_Connect ){

// turn off red led during connectionLedRed = LedRedOn;

}else if ( EventID==FxPE_Disco ){

// turn off red led after disconnectionLedRed = LedRedOff;

}

// Check for control eventselse if ( EventID==FxPE_ClntUpdate )

{ // If the button was pressed...if (*((unsigned short*) pData) == ID_On_Off_3){//LedRed = LedRedOff;

//LedGreen = LedGreenOn;// Is the current text value F or O?if (set == 0) //turn light off{

//LedRed = LedRedOff;set = 1;DirAN9 = DirOutput; //setting the the direct out put to

AN9PinAN9Pin = 1; //setting the pin to high - light on

// set the text value to O and update the client//Set_Result_1( szOff, zero );

//FxPCommand( FxPC_CtlUpdate, ID_Result_1, 0 );

//Set_Result_1( szOn, 0 ) ;}else //turn light on{

//LedRed = LedRedOn;set = 0;DirAN9 = DirOutput; //setting the the direct out put to

AN9PinAN9Pin = 0; //setting the pin to high - light on

// set the text value to O and update the client//Set_Result_1( szOn, 0 ) ;//Set_Result_1( szOn, zero );//FxPCommand( FxPC_CtlUpdate, ID_Result_1, 0 );

}

}}

}

BlueLite.c

#include "Toothpick.h"#include

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#include "BlueHeat.h"

int setH = 0;int setF = 0;

int Channel = 0;unsigned long ADResult = 0;

ram signed long setTempResult = 0;signed long curTempResult = 0;

void main( void ){

SetAnalogAD0; //Sets AD0 as an analog input and all other ADx pins as digital I/OADConverterOn8bit; //Turn on A to D converter for 10-bit data conversionVRefNegIsVss; //Sets negative voltage reference to Vss groundVRefPosIsVdd; //Sets positive voltage reference to Vdd 5V

//if no BlueMatik, flash red led rapidlywhile ((ToothpickSemaphores&TPSF_LMTEXISTS)==0){

LedRed = ~LedRed;msDelay(50);

}FxPCommand( FxPC_Start, 0, 0 );

AwaitLMTComplete();

// main loopwhile ( 1 ){

// Flash LED to show we're aliveLedGreen = ~LedGreen;msDelay( 250 );

SetADChan( Channel ); // select a to d channelCyclesDelay3p2plus3p2times(4);StartAtoD; // start a to d conversionAwaitAtoDComplete; // await end of conversionGetADResult8bit( ADResult ); // get resultcurTempResult = (ADResult/5);

//Set_curTemp_13(0,&curTempResult);

//get the desired temp and convert to AtoD value assing to setTempResultGet_setTemp_16(&setTempResult);setTempResult = (255 - (setTempResult * 5));

if (setH == 1){

//if the heat button is turned on// set AN5 to low to turn AC off and disconnect RC and ODirAN5 = DirOutput;AN5Pin = 0;//set AN11 high to connect RH and BDirAN11 = DirOutput;AN11Pin = 1;

// if the heat is on and its temp is below desired temp by 1degree, start heating

if(ADResult > (setTempResult+5) ){

DirAN10 = DirOutput;AN10Pin = 1;

}// when the temp reaches above the desired temp by 1 degree, turn

the heat offelse if (ADResult < (setTempResult -5)){

DirAN10 = DirOutput;

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AN10Pin = 0;}

}// if the heat is turned off, shut down connection between RH and Belse if (setH ==0){


}

if (setF == 1){

//if the ac is on, set AN5 high to make connection between Rc and ODirAN5 = DirOutput;AN5Pin = 1;// if the temperature is below desired temp plus 1 degree, turn off

the ACif(ADResult >(setTempResult+5) ){DirAN3 = DirOutput;AN3Pin = 0;}// if the temp is above the desired temp by one degree turn off ACelse if(ADResult < (setTempResult-5))

{ DirAN3 = DirOutput;AN3Pin = 1;

}

}// if the AC is turned off, set AN5 to low to disconnect RC and 0else if (setF ==0){


}

} // end of while ( 1 )

}

// HighInterrupt handler - nothing needs to be donevoid HighInterrupt (void){}

// LowInterrupt handler - only thing to do is clear the once-per-second clock tickinterruptvoid LowInterrupt (void){

if (IsSWI( SWI_Tick ) ){

ClearSWI( SWI_Tick ); // Clear clock interrupt flag

return;}

}// Error event handlervoid ErrorStatus( unsigned char ErrNum ){

// Flash error number for diagnositic purposes// For product releases, a Reset() is better for unanticipated errorsBreakpoint( ErrNum );

}

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// LinkMatik Event handlervoid LMTEvent( unsigned char EventID, void *pData1, void *pData2 ){

if ( EventID==LMTE_Syntax ){

// Flash error number for diagnositic purposes// For product releases, a Reset() is better for unanticipated errors

Breakpoint( ((unsigned char*)pData1)[0] );}}

// FxPEvent handlervoid FxPEvent( unsigned char EventID, void *pData ){

if ( EventID==FxPE_Connect ){

// turn off red led during connectionLedRed = LedRedOn;

}else if ( EventID==FxPE_Disco ){

// turn off red led after disconnectionLedRed = LedRedOff;

}

// Check for control eventselse if ( EventID==FxPE_ClntUpdate ){

// If the button was pressed...if (*((unsigned short*) pData) == ID_Heat_10){

if (setH == 0) //turn light off{

setH = 1;setF = 0;

}else //turn light on{

setH = 0;}

}

if (*((unsigned short*) pData) == ID_Cool_E){

if (setF == 0) //turn light off{

setF = 1;setH = 0;

}else //turn light on{

setF = 0;}

}}

}

Appendix D - CostThe table below is a summary of the total cost of the products used for thisproject. These costs show the total amount for the creation of theprototypes used for this project. It does not accurately reflect the true cost tobuild these devices if they were to be mass produced.

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4.6.1 Blue Heat

Materials Cost

Toothpick

Module

$145.92

Prototype

Board

$3.50

Relays x4 $11.20

Thermistor $0.75

Voltage

Regulator

$0.47

Enclosure $7.50

TOTAL: $169.34

4.6.2 Blue Lite

Materials Cost

Toothpick

Module

$145.92

Prototype

Board

$3.50

Solid State

Relay

$26.00

Voltage

Regulator

$0.47

TOTAL: $175.89

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References

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[2] Shepherd, R. "BIuetooth Wireless Technology in the Home." Electronics &

Communication Engineering Journal 13 (2001): 195-203. IEEE/IEE Electronic

Library. 15 Oct. 2007.

[3] Beyond the Smart Home, Yamazaki, T.; Hybrid Information Technology, 2006.

ICHIT'06. Vol 2. International Conference on, Volume 2, Nov. 2006

Page(s):350 355

[4] Smart Home Research , Li Jiang; Da-You Liu; Bo Yang; Machine Learning

and Cybernetics, 2004. Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on,

Volume 2, 26-29 Aug. 2004 Page(s):659 - 663 vol.2

[5] Sensor/Actuator Networks in Smart Homes for Supporting Elderly and

Handicapped People

Dengler, Sebastian; Awad, Abdalkarim; Dressler, Falko; Advanced Information

Networking and Applications Workshops, 2007, AINAW '07. 21st International

Conference on, Volume 2, 21-23 May 2007 Page(s):863 868

[6] Dagtas, S, Y Natchetoi, and H Wu. "An Integrated Wireless Sensing and

Mobile Processing Architecture for Assisted Living and Healthcare

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Architecture for Assisted Living and Healthcare Applications (2007): 70-72.

ACM.

[7] T. Tamura, T. Togawa, M. Ogawa, and M. Yoda, Fully automated health

monitoring system in the home, Med. Eng. Physics, 20, pp. 573579, 1998.

[8] S. K. Das, D. J. Cook, A. Bhattacharya, E. O. Heierman, III, and T.-Y. Lin, The

Role of Prediction Algorithms on the MavHome Smart Home Architectures,

IEEE Wireless Communications (Special Issue on Smart Homes), Vol. 9, No. 6,

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[9] "IControl." IControl Networks Inc. 2007. 27 Nov. 2007 .

[10] Ascribe Newswire. University of Florida Smart Home Demonstrates

Concept of Automated Elderly Help and Care. Ascribe Newswire: Health.2003 29 November: 1-2.

[11] Kim, Nina. "Car Gadgets: Bluetooth Wireless Communication."

Cars.Com. 31 Aug. 2006. 6 July

2008.

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[12] http://www.telusmobility.com/content/clientcare/pcs_east/guides/nokia

_6265i/nokia_6265i_user_guide.pdf

[13] http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?

IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW0

07002

[14] http://www.flexipanel.com/Docs/Designer.pdf

[15] Shahriyar, Rifat, Enamul Hogue, Iftekhair Naim, S. M. Sohan, and

Mostofa Akbar. "Controlling remote system using mobile telephony." ACM

International Conference Proceeding Series - Proceedings of the 1st

international conference on MOBILe Wireless MiddleWARE, Operating

Systems, and Applications 278 Article 36(2008).
http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW007002http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW007002http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW007002http://www.flexipanel.com/Docs/Designer.pdfhttp://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW007002http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW007002http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en019469&part=SW007002http://www.flexipanel.com/Docs/Designer.pdf

final report home system for disable people via bluetooth

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