final ocean politic1

8/17/2019 Final Ocean Politic1

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Final Ocean politics

A. Political geography

1. Briefly discuss four sources of a nation’s wealth found in the ocean.

2. In the context of this course, what do we mean by ocean “space and

“place! "hat is the difference between the two!

#. Briefly state the main points of $lfred %hayer &ahan’s boo', %he

influence of sea power upon history.

(. "hat does &eini) mean when he states that nations can chan)e their

orientation from land to sea nations! "hy is this an important point!

*. "hy do we say that technolo)y can chan)e a nation’s relationship to its)eo)raphy! +ie one ocean example.

-. "hat is a nation’s “releant )eo)raphical ocean!

. "hat is res communes! "hy is this an important concept for ocean law!

/. "hat are mare liberum and mare clausum! "hy are these important

concepts for ocean law!

0. Briefly discuss +rotius’ 'ey beliefs as they relate to international ocean

law.

1. "ho was ohn 3elden and what important concept did he ar)ue!

11. "hat is the tra)edy of the commons! +ie one maritime example

B. The Law of the sea treaty

12. Briefly define the followin) terms 4includin), where appropriate, the

si5e67 a6 %erritorial sea, b6 8onti)uous 5one, c6 Baseline.

a6 %he soerei)nty of a coastal 3tate extends, beyond its land territory and

internal waters and, in the case of an archipela)ic 3tate, its archipela)ic waters, to

an ad9acent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea. $ccordin) to the :aw of the

sea, eery 3tate has the ri)ht to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a

limit not exceedin) 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines.


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b6 In a 5one conti)uous to its territorial sea, described as the conti)uous

5one, the coastal 3tate may exercise the control. %he conti)uous 5one may not

extend beyond 2( nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the

territorial sea is measured.

c6 %he normal baseline for measurin) the breadth of the territorial sea is the

low;water line alon) the coast as mar'ed on lar)e;scale charts officially reco)ni5ed

by the coastal 3tate.

1#. Briefly define7 a6 International strait, b6 $rchipela)o, c6 !

; ==> stands for exclusie economic 5one which means an area beyond and

ad9acent to the territorial sea, sub9ect to the specific le)al re)ime established in this

?art, under which the ri)hts and 9urisdiction of the coastal 3tate and the ri)hts and

freedoms of other 3tates are )oerned by the releant proisions of @A8:O3.

; %he exclusie economic 5one shall not extend beyond 2 nautical miles

from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

; In the exclusie economic 5one, the coastal 3tate has7


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4a6 soerei)n ri)hts for the purpose of explorin) and exploitin), conserin)

and mana)in) the natural resources, whether liin) or non;liin), of the waters

super9acent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with re)ard to other

actiities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the 5one, such as the

production of ener)y from the water, currents and winds

4b6 urisdiction as proided for in the releant proisions of this 8onention

with re)ard to7

4i6 %he establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and

structures

4ii6 &arine scientific research

4iii6 %he protection and preseration of the marine enironment

4c6 Other ri)hts and duties proided for in this 8onention.

1*. "hat )eneral ri)hts in the oceans do landloc'ed states hae!

:and;loc'ed 3tates shall hae the ri)ht of access to and from the sea for the

purpose of exercisin) the ri)hts proided for in this 8onention includin) those

relatin) to the freedom of the hi)h seas and the common herita)e of man'ind. %o

this end, land;loc'ed 3tates shall en9oy freedom of transit throu)h the territory of

transit 3tates by all means of transport.

:and;loc'ed 3tates shall hae the ri)ht to participate, on an eCuitable basis,

in the exploitation of an appropriate part of the surplus of the liin) resources of

the exclusie economic 5ones of coastal 3tates of the same subre)ion or re)ion,

ta'in) into account the releant economic and )eo)raphical circumstances of all

the 3tates concerned.

1-. Briefly define “transit passa)e and “innocent passa)e.

; “ transit passa)e means the exercise in accordance with this ?art of the

freedom of nai)ation and oer fli)ht solely for the purpose of continuous

and expeditious transit of the strait between one part of the hi)h seas or an

exclusie economic 5one and another part of the hi)h seas or an exclusie

economic 5one.


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;“innocent passa)e means that passa)e is innocent so lon) as it is not

pre9udicial to the peace, )ood order or security of the coastal 3tate. 3uch

passa)e shall ta'e place in conformity with this 8onention and with other

rules of international law.

1. ?roide a brief definition of piracy as stated in the :aw of the 3ea %reaty

4i.e., do not ma'e up your ownD6.

@A definition of ?iracy7 Ille)al act committed for priate )ain a)ainst a

ship, its crew, or its passen)ers in international waters.

1/. "hat are the )eneral ri)hts and obli)ations of all nations towards the

“liin) resources in the seas!

;

Ei)ht to fish on the hi)h seas

; uty of 3tates to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the

conseration of the liin) resources of the hi)h seas.

; 8ooperation of 3tates in the conseration and mana)ement of liin)

resources.

; 8onseration of the liin) resources of the hi)h seas

;

%he conseration and mana)ement of marine mammals in the hi)h seas.

10. :ist two actions that are expressly prohibited on the hi)h seas.

2. "hat is a landloc'ed state! "hat ri)hts does it hae in the :aw of the

3ea %reaty!

; Gland;loc'ed 3tateG means a 3tate which has no sea;coast

; Ei)ht of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit.

;

Ei)ht of land;loc'ed 3tates

21. "hat is a disadanta)ed state! "hat ri)hts does it hae in the :aw of the

3ea %reaty!

; G)eo)raphically disadanta)ed 3tatesG means coastal 3tates, includin)

3tates borderin) enclosed or semi;enclosed seas, whose )eo)raphical


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situation ma'es them dependent upon the exploitation of the liin) resources

of the exclusie economic 5ones of other 3tates in the subre)ion or re)ion

for adeCuate supplies of fish for the nutritional purposes of their populations

or parts thereof, and coastal 3tates which can claim no exclusie economic

5ones of their own.

; +eo)raphically disadanta)ed 3tates shall hae the ri)ht to participate, on

an eCuitable basis, in the exploitation of an appropriate part of the surplus of

the liin) resources of the exclusie economic 5ones of coastal 3tates of the

same subre)ion or re)ion, ta'in) into account the releant economic and

)eo)raphical circumstances of all the 3tates concerned.

22. "hat is the @3 position re)ardin) the :aw of the 3ea %reaty!

2(. "hy do we say the late 2th century is one of the first times in modern

times that the world economy has become )lobali5ed! "hy wasn’t the world

economy as )lobali5ed in the 10*s and 10-s!

2*. "hat is the lin' between rises in )lobal +? and maritime trade!

2-. "hat are the fie modes of transportation! "hich is the most important!


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lo)istics and naal forces. It is )enerally used in reference to naal

operations to ensure that 3:O8s are open, or in times of war, to close them

20. "hat are some economic ulnerabilities associated with sea lanes of

communication! +ie one example.#. "hat are some security ulnerabilities associated with sea lanes of

communication! +ie one example.

#1. "hat are some natural disaster ulnerabilities associated with sea lanes

of communication! +ie one example.

#2. "hy are we concerned that there mi)ht be a shut down in a sin)le sea

lane of communication!

##. "here is most of the maritime )rowth expected to be in the future!

8oncentrated 4lar)ely6 in which two countries!

#(. "hat is a maritime cluster! Aame two.

$ maritime cluster is a networ' of maritime business firms, research

deelopment and innoation firms and trainin) or)ani5ations supported by

national or local authorities which co;operate with the aim of increasin)

maritime industry’s performance.

#*. Is there currently an excess supply or demand of maritime officers!

#-. Is there currently an excess supply or demand of maritime ratin)s!

#. "hy, increasin)ly, do people from adanced industriali5ed countries7 a6

no lon)er wish to pursue sea)oin) careers, or b6 only remain at sea for a

ery few years!

#/. "here do most of the world’s current maritime officers come from!

"here are they li'ely to come from in the future! 4Aote7 I’m not loo'in) for specific countries, but re)ions of the world6.

#0. Briefly discuss 8hina’s current maritime expansion.

Flagging


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4Aote7 Hou may need to refer to the %reaty itself to answer some of these

Cuestions6

(. %he :aw of the 3ea %reaty reCuires a ship to fly the national fla) of the

country in which it is re)istered. "hat is one exception to this! 4Aote7 %hereare more than one, but I’m only as'in) you to state one6. @nder what

conditions may ships fly this fla)!

(1. "hy do some nations opt for fla)s of conenience oer their national

fla)! +ie at least two reasons.

(2. "hat is the difference between a forei)n fla) and a fla) of conenience!

(#. @nder what two fla))in) conditions is a ship considered a pirate ship!

((. :ist fie countries that maintain a fla) of conenience.

(*. :ist three land;loc'ed countries that maintain a fla) of conenience.

Maritime Piracy

1. Briefly, how do the @A and the I&B define maritime piracy! "hich

definition do we tend to use! "hy!

2. Briefly discuss the trends in )lobal maritime piracy since 22.

#. Briefly describe the )eo)raphical ran)e of the 3omali pirates. Be as

accurate as possible.

(. "hat is a “mother ship! "hy is it so difficult for the international

community to destroy mother ships!

*.


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#. "hat is the main difference between maritime piracy and maritime

terrorism!

(. Briefly state three types of maritime terrorism.

*. Aame the four terrorist )roups with the most adanced maritimecapabilities.

-. "hat is the “web of criminality! "hy is this a maritime problem!

. Briefly define human slaery. +ie one maritime example.

/.


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8i)uatera is a food;borne illness caused by eatin) reef fish

contaminated with a toxin called “ci)uatoxin. 8i)uatoxin is tasteless and

odourless. Fish contaminated with ci)uatoxin cannot be identified by

appearance. 8i)uatoxin is not destroyed by coo'in), smo'in), free5in),

cannin), saltin) or dryin).

/. ?roide a brief 4but complete6 definition of marine inasie species.

0. "hy are marine inasie species so problematic!

1. :ist four ways marine inasie species can be introduced by humans.

11.

final ocean politic1

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