Final Nine Weeks study guide

January 21, 2015

Final study Guide: 1-21-15

• 1. challenged the rule of the American colonies by the King of England-GEORGE III

• G III was the cause of our problems. 2. Showed government was too weak to dealwith problems3. No further colonization by European powers on the American continents, Western Hemisphere countries were republics not monarchies.Any violation would be seen as a threat by the United States United States would not interfere in European affairs

4. Whenever government becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights, it breaks the social contract, and the people have the right to alter or overthrow it.

5. Constitution made Federal(national) law the supreme law of the land when constitutional ,but otherwise gave states somepower to govern themselves

6. Avoided a too-powerful central governmentby establishing three branches with checks and balances• 7. Wanted a strong (national)government- to

promote economic development and public improvements. Richer folks favored stronger state governments. Common man, Anti-Federalists favored stronger state governments.

8. Believed in a STRONG national government and commercial economy, Bankers and businessmen in the North –Richer folks, Supported Britain, Believed in a WEAK national government and an agricultural economy• Farmers, artisans, frontier settlers in

the South• Supported France

9. In the years following the Civil War westward movement increased between Mississippi River and Pacific Ocean, Aided by technology- railroad, mechanical reaper (Cyrus McCormick), John Deere-Steel plow

10. They were forced to march far away from their homes and be confined to reservations

• 11. British Interference with trade routes and westward expansion past App Mts.Impressment policy

**Federalists opposed war-talked of secession

12. Increased voter participation-poor white males could vote• Interest group politics-relating to common

man• Changing style of campaigning-must appeal

to common man

13. BEECHER STOWE “UNCLE TOM’S CABIN”• A-ABOLITIONISTS• D-DISAGREEMENTS-TARIFFS, SLAVERY, STATES

RIGHTS

• L-LOUSY PRESIDENTS-Pierce, Buchanan• U-U.S. Supreme Court-Dred Scott Decision• C-COMPROMISES FAILED-MO, 1850, KN• K-KICKED OFF WAR WITH SECESSION AND

FEDERAL TROOPS IN CHARLESTON-LINCOLN ELECTION

14. FREED SLAVES IN CONFEDERACY ONLY• A-ALLOWED ENLISTMENT AFRICAN

AMERICANS• M-MADE ABOLISHMENT OF SLAVERY

WAR AIM• E-ENDED INTERFERENCE FROM

FOREIGN NATIONS

15. STATES ARE PROHIBITED FROMDENYING EQUAL RIGHTS UNDERTHE LAW TO ANY AMERICAN(BLACK CITIZENS)• « Due process

• 16. The Missouri Compromise 1820-drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and allowed below, except slavery was allowed in Missouri, north of the line, Compromise of 1850-California enters as free state-while the new Southwestern Territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their own(popular sovereignty).

• Added Fugitive Slave Act• Slavery was outlawed in Washington, DC• Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854-repealed the Missouri Compromise

line, by giving Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in their states (popular sovereignty).

• This law produced civil war in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other

17. Natural resources and navigable rivers

2)Migration from farms to cities

3)Government support for businessLaissez-faire- Idea that encouraged the government not

to get involved in business affairs

Special Considerations-land grants to railroad builders

4)Cheap labor from immigrants

18. QUOTA LAWS-limiting immigration because of resentment

• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882• *Immigration Restriction Act of 1921• Gentlemen’s Agreement-1907-limited

Japanese immigration• **These laws cut off immigration to the

U.S. for several decades

• 19. Pittsburgh-steel, Chicago-beef, Detroit-car, and Cleveland-oil -grew around certain industries

• 2) Shortage of housing and need for public works such as sewer, trash service, and public transportation

• 3)NYC subway- world’s first subway • 4)Streetcars and trolleys• 5)Skyscrapers symbolize cities

20. Used government to reform problems created by the Industrial Revolution21. GOALS:1. Guaranteed economic

opportunities through government regulation

2. Elimination of social injustices3. Government controlled by the

people

• 22. U.S. MAY NEED TO EXERT ITS POWER IF• ANY OF STATES OR TERRITORIES ARE• THREATENED ECONOMICALLY.• ESPECIALLY IN LATIN AMERICA23. After Kennedy’s assassination 1963-Johnson continues buildup.

• 24. Collapse of financial system Unemployment /Homelessness Rises to 25% within 4 years Farm foreclosures and migration Union Unrest• Decline in the demand for goods

25. directed towards China-give equal trading rights in China to US.26. BUSINESSES RETOOLED FROM PEACETIME TO WARTIME PRODUCTION EX. CARS TO TANK• RATIONING USED TO MAINTAIN SUPPLY EX.

RUBBER, GASOLINE, SILK, COFFEE ,SHOES

• WAR BONDS AND INCOME TAX USED TO HELP PAY FOR WAR-DID NOT COVER ENTIRE COST OF WAR

27. FDR COMPARED THE LEND LEASE ACT “TO LENDING A NEIGHBOR A GARDEN HOSE WHOSE HOUSE IS ON FIRE28. TRUMAN MADE DECISION TO DROP THE BOMBS BECAUSE JAPAN WOULD NOT SURRENDER AND HE DID NOT WANT MORE SOLDIER CASUALITIES • 29. -DEFEAT HITLER(GERMANY AND ITALY)

FIRST-ALL AMERICAN RESOURCES WILL GO TO EUROPE, ISLAND HOPPING WOULD GET ALLIES CLOSER TO JAPAN THEREBY CUTTING OFF SUPPLY LINES

30. Andrew Carnegie– Steel

• J.P. Morgan– Banking and Finance

• John D. Rockefeller – Oil

• Cornelius Vanderbilt– Railroads

31. Senate did not approve Treaty of Versailles• the US did not join the League of Nations• **because the US did not wants. foreign policy

decided by international organization.32. Invented the automobile and the assembly line33. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, stating racially segregated education was unconstitutional and overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

34. The Jungle-Upton Sinclair-led to the MEAT INSPECTION ACT35. HELPED INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION TO SUPPORT CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION• DEMONSTRATED THE POWER OF NON

VIOLENT PROTEST

36. Women went to work in factories to replace men-ROSIE THE RIVETER• NURSES• SERVED IN THE MILITARY (NON-

COMBAT ROLES)

37. Sherman Anti-Trust Act-PREVENTS MONOPOLIES (restraint of trade)

38. 1ST SUCCESSFUL RESISTANCE AGAINST GERMANY• GERMANY POUNDED BRITAIN FROM THE AIR -

DESTROYING BUILDINGS.• PEOPLE HID IN “TUBE” STATIONS AND SENT

CHILDREN TO THE COUNTRY

39. Public schools-assimilation (fitting in)

40. The Japanese strategy in attacking U.S. was to keep us from interfering with the Japanese conquest of Asia and the Pacific41. GERMANY’S SPECIFIC PLAN TO EXTERMINATE ALL JEWS42. TRAINED CUBAN EXILES BY CIA TO GO BACK AND TAKE CUBA BACK FROM CASTRO• INVASION FAILED-EXILES JAILED• EMBARRASSMENT FOR KENNEDY AND U.S.

43. separate but equal” accommodations were constitutional.

44. Self-determination-countries rule themselves Freedom of the Seas-unrestricted waterways• League of Nations- An international body

devoted to preventing war• Mandate System-league members would

govern colonies of defeated nations

45. U.S. STAYED NEUTRAL DID NOT WANT TO GET INVOLVED IN EUROPE’S PROBLEMS• 46. STRENGTHENED MILITARY• T-TAX CUTS• A-APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES -JUDICIAL

RESTRAINT• R-REDUCTION OF GOV’T PROGRAMS• T-TRANSFER RESPONSIBILITIES TO

STATE GOV’T’S

47. In Virginia, one county actually closed its public schools-PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY FOR 3 YEARS

Region Group/origin Reasons for settlement

Products/Commerce(economies

Present-day states

New England Pilgrims/Puritans/England

Religious persecution

Fishing, Shipbuilding, Manufacturing, Lumbering and Small-scale farming

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island

Middle Dutch, English and Germans/Europe

Economic opportunities and religious persecution

Shipbuilding, Small-Scale Farming and trading

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware

Southern English/England

Economic Opportunities

Cash Crops, Small-scale farming and trading

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia