final findings of the based on the questionnaire survey in the four metropolitan areas rimed...

Final Findings of the Based on the Questionnaire Survey in the Four

Metropolitan Areas

RIMEDRegional Integration and

Metropolitan Development in SE Europe

INTERREG III B CADSES

WORK PACKAGE 2-4.November 21, 2004Tirana, Albania

Part A:Comparative Analysis of the Four Metropolitan

Areas

SEED-South East European Development Center - RIMED * 4th Workshop, Tirana, Albania


University of ThessalyDepartment of Planning and Regional Development

South and East European Development Center (SEED)Pedion Areos, Volos 383 34 Greece

Tel. +30 24210 74485Fax +30 24210 74385

Questionnaire survey in the Metropolitan areas of Skopje, Sofia, Thessaloniki and Tirana

Preliminary findings (261 questionnaires)

Respondents: Business, Administration, Academics

Age 25-54: 81.9%, Females: 32.5%

Graduate degree: 55.4% Two or more foreign languages: 67.2%

Allocation: Skopje 60 Sofia 67 Thessaloniki 67 Tirana 65

Significant, but differentiated level of interaction SEED-South East European Development Center - RIMED * 4th Workshop, Tirana, Albania

Table 1. Characteristics of the Respondents

Skopje Sofia Thessaloniki Tirana Average Score

Number of Respondents

Male 78,8% 54,7% 75,0% 62,9% 67,4%

Female 21,2% 45,3% 25,0% 37,1% 32,6%

Age of Respondents

25 – 34 31,0% 16,7% 23,1% 31,6% 25,2%

35 – 44 32,8% 21,2% 32,3% 17,5% 26,0%

45 – 54 29,3% 39,4% 32,3% 21,1% 30,9%

55 – 64 6,9% 19,7% 10,8% 19,3% 14,2%

> 65 0,0% 3,0% 1,5% 10,5% 3,7%

Education

Less than 12 years 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 6,8% 1,7%

High School 7,1% 0,0% 7,8% 16,9% 7,9%

College / University 21,4% 63,5% 34,4% 20,3% 35,5%

Post – Graduate Degree 71,4% 36,5% 57,8% 55,9% 55,0%

Foreign Languages

None 6,7% 7,5% 13,0% 26,2% 13,4%

One 30,0% 9,0% 23,2% 18,5% 19,9%

Two 40,0% 50,7% 47,8% 20,0% 39,8%

Three or more 23,3% 32,8% 15,9% 35,4% 26,8%

Number of Respondents

Skopje 60 23,0%

Sofia 67 25,7%

Thessaloniki 69 26,4%

Tirana 65 24,9%

Grand Total 261 100,0%

Table 2. Respondents living in (row) have ever visited (column)

Skopje Sofia Thessaloniki Tirana Average

Never 0,0% 6,7% 61,8% 22,8%

1-2 times 22,2% 16,7% 21,8% 20,2% Skopje

Many times 77,8% 76,7% 16,4% 56,9%

Never 33,8% 29,7% 82,4% 48,6%

1-2 times 46,2% 43,8% 17,6% 35,9% Sofia

Many times 20,0% 26,6% 0,0% 15,5%

Never 26,2% 32,7% 86,0% 48,3%

1-2 times 52,5% 34,5% 8,0% 31,7% Thessaloniki

Many times 21,3% 32,7% 6,0% 20,0%

Never 37,5% 70,6% 38,3% 48,8%

1-2 times 47,9% 26,5% 42,6% 39,0% Tirana

Many times 14,6% 2,9% 19,1% 12,2%

Never 32,2% 29,4% 24,0% 76,3% 40,5%

1-2 times 48,9% 28,0% 33,9% 16,0% 31,7% Total Sample

Many times 19,0% 42,7% 42,1% 7,7% 27,9%


The effects of internationalization, privatization and structural change

Regional inequalities have increased

Social inequalities have increased

Average citizen’s income has decreased



Table 5. The effects of internationalisation, privatisation and structural change.

Regions

Increased significantly

Increased Same / not

affected

Decreased Decreased significantly

On Regional inequalities

Skopje 25,4% 50,8% 13,6% 10,2% 0,0%

Sofia 43,1% 52,3% 4,6% 0,0% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 0,0% 50,7% 20,3% 27,5% 1,4%

Tirana 21,0% 43,5% 19,4% 12,9% 3,2%

Total 22,0% 49,4% 14,5% 12,9% 1,2%

On Social inequalities

Skopje 60,0% 28,3% 1,7% 8,3% 1,7%

Sofia 73,1% 26,9% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 17,6% 42,6% 10,3% 25,0% 4,4%

Tirana 35,4% 46,2% 3,1% 12,3% 3,1%

Total 46,2% 36,2% 3,8% 11,5% 2,3%

On Average citizen income

Skopje 1,7% 1,7% 18,6% 59,3% 18,6%

Sofia 3,0% 28,4% 19,4% 38,8% 10,4%

Thessaloniki 2,9% 49,3% 31,9% 8,7% 7,2%

Tirana 3,2% 42,9% 19,0% 28,6% 6,3%

Total 2,7% 31,4% 22,5% 32,9% 10,5%


Economic Performance in the last 10-15 years

Metropolitan areas and other large urban areas are performing better or much better than the national average

Small cities and villages/rural areas are performing worse or much worse than the national average



8. The economic performance of the following areas in the last 10-15 years in comparison with the average performance of the National economy.

Regions Much better

than the national average

Better than the national average

Same as the

national average

Worse than the national average

Much worse

than the national average

Metropolitan areas*

Skopje 25,9% 50,0% 22,4% 1,7% 0,0%

Sofia 75,8% 21,2% 3,0% 0,0% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 16,2% 57,4% 16,2% 10,3% 0,0%

Tirana 46,2% 50,8% 3,1% 0,0% 0,0%

Total 41,2% 44,7% 10,9% 3,1% 0,0%

Other large urban areas

Skopje 0,0% 37,9% 44,8% 17,2% 0,0%

Sofia 1,5% 84,6% 13,8% 0,0% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 5,9% 51,5% 36,8% 5,9% 0,0%

Tirana 3,1% 45,3% 32,8% 18,8% 0,0%

Total 2,7% 55,3% 31,8% 10,2% 0,0%

Small cities

Skopje 0,0% 3,4% 25,4% 59,3% 11,9%

Sofia 0,0% 0,0% 37,9% 59,1% 3,0%

Thessaloniki 0,0% 10,3% 38,2% 51,5% 0,0%

Tirana 0,0% 1,5% 26,2% 63,1% 9,2%

Total 0,0% 3,9% 32,2% 58,1% 5,8%

Villages / rural areas

Skopje 0,0% 0,0% 8,6% 41,4% 50,0%

Sofia 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 36,4% 63,6%

Thessaloniki 0,0% 2,9% 13,2% 55,9% 27,9%

Tirana 0,0% 1,5% 10,8% 29,2% 58,5%

Total 0,0% 1,2% 8,2% 40,9% 49,8% * Skopje, Sofia, Thessaloniki and Tirana.


A Comparison analysis of metropolitan areas with other large/mall cities and rural areas

Indicators: Income, Life quality, Cost of living, social problems and housing cost

Better performance in economic indicators, life quality, LF quality, future prospects

Worse performance in terms of costs of living/housing and social problems



Table 9. A Comparison of Metropolitan Areas with other Large Urban Areas, Small Cities and Rural Areas

Regions Metropolitan

areas

Other large urban areas

Small cities

Villages / rural areas

Income per head is higher

Skopje 90,0% 8,3% 1,7% 0,0%

Sofia 86,4% 13,6% 0,0% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 79,7% 14,5% 5,8% 0,0%

Tirana 86,2% 10,8% 1,5% 1,5%

Total 85,4% 11,9% 2,3% 0,4%

Life quality is better

Skopje 78,0% 15,3% 5,1% 1,7%

Sofia 61,2% 37,3% 1,5% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 15,9% 23,2% 55,1% 5,8%

Tirana 89,1% 9,4% 1,6% 0,0%

Total 59,8% 21,6% 16,6% 1,9%

Cost of living is lower

Skopje 0,0% 1,7% 40,0% 58,3%

Sofia 1,5% 3,0% 35,8% 59,7%

Thessaloniki 0,0% 5,9% 30,9% 63,2%

Tirana 7,7% 10,8% 43,1% 38,5%

Total 2,3% 5,4% 37,3% 55,0%

Poverty is less wide spread

Skopje 52,5% 10,2% 16,9% 20,3%

Sofia 51,6% 27,4% 19,4% 1,6%

Thessaloniki 7,4% 14,7% 55,9% 22,1%

Tirana 66,7% 22,2% 1,6% 9,5%

Total 43,7% 18,7% 24,2% 13,5%

Uncertainty about the future is lower

Skopje 53,3% 10,0% 16,7% 20,0%

Sofia 58,7% 17,5% 11,1% 12,7%

Thessaloniki 41,8% 25,4% 20,9% 11,9%

Tirana 50,8% 20,6% 17,5% 11,1%

Total 51,0% 18,6% 16,6% 13,8%

Social problems are less serious

Skopje 39,0% 13,6% 28,8% 18,6%

Sofia 33,3% 23,8% 28,6% 14,3%

Thessaloniki 7,2% 10,1% 55,1% 27,5%

Tirana 42,2% 26,6% 23,4% 7,8%

Total 29,8% 18,4% 34,5% 17,3%

Housing cost is lower

Skopje 0,0% 1,7% 42,4% 55,9%

Sofia 0,0% 3,0% 28,4% 68,7%

Thessaloniki 1,4% 1,4% 26,1% 71,0%

Tirana 4,6% 1,5% 47,7% 46,2%

Total 1,5% 1,9% 35,8% 60,8%


A Comparison analysis of metropolitan areas with other large/mall cities and rural areas

Unbalanced relations with smaller cities

Central government concentrates most powers

Strong public sector will reduce regional inequalities

The size of the metropolis in terms of population does not affect its growth

Growth of the metropolis will not affect positively the growth of the smaller cities

Cities closer to metropolitan areas are positively affected by their growth

Development of metropolis will increase immigration from smaller cities

Immigration will affect negatively smaller cities and rural areas



Table 11. The economic relations of the metropolis* with the smaller cities in each country are unbalanced, favouring mainly the metropolis Absolutely

true True Uncertain False Absolutely

false

Skopje 47,5% 47,5% 5,1% 0,0% 0,0%

Sofia 25,4% 49,3% 20,9% 4,5% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 29,0% 58,0% 11,6% 1,4% 0,0%

Tirana 53,8% 41,5% 4,6% 0,0% 0,0%

Total 38,5% 49,2% 10,8% 1,5% 0,0%

Table 12. Balanced development is more likely to take place if central government is strong and concentrates most powers Absolutely


false

Skopje 8,3% 11,7% 26,7% 41,7% 11,7%

Sofia 3,0% 19,4% 49,3% 25,4% 3,0%

Thessaloniki 7,2% 4,3% 11,6% 53,6% 23,2%

Tirana 18,8% 32,8% 28,1% 18,8% 1,6%

Total 9,2% 16,9% 28,8% 35,0% 10,0%

Table 13. Maintaining a strong public sector may be a way to reduce regional inequalities Absolutely


false

Skopje 5,1% 45,8% 27,1% 20,3% 1,7%

Sofia 7,5% 11,9% 53,7% 20,9% 6,0%

Thessaloniki 4,3% 33,3% 42,0% 13,0% 7,2%

Tirana 12,5% 54,7% 25,0% 7,8% 0,0%

Total 7,3% 35,9% 37,5% 15,4% 3,9%

Table 14. The metropolis* would be more developed if it was larger in terms of population size Absolutely


false

Skopje 1,7% 5,1% 16,9% 57,6% 18,6%

Sofia 1,5% 6,0% 40,3% 44,8% 7,5%

Thessaloniki 2,9% 17,4% 30,4% 39,1% 10,1%

Tirana 4,7% 23,4% 43,8% 26,6% 1,6%

Total 2,7% 13,1% 33,2% 41,7% 9,3%

Table 15. Further growth of the metropolis* will affect positively the growth prospects of smaller cities Absolutely


false

Skopje 3,3% 15,0% 25,0% 45,0% 11,7%

Sofia 3,0% 29,9% 35,8% 23,9% 7,5%

Thessaloniki 1,4% 30,4% 34,8% 30,4% 2,9%

Tirana 0,0% 30,8% 33,8% 23,1% 12,3%

Total 1,9% 26,8% 32,6% 30,3% 8,4%

Table 16. Cities closer to metropolitan areas are positively affected by their growth Absolutely


false

Skopje 3,3% 53,3% 30,0% 11,7% 1,7%

Sofia 9,0% 59,7% 22,4% 7,5% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 8,7% 73,9% 11,6% 4,3% 0,0%

Tirana 15,4% 76,9% 6,2% 1,5% 0,0%

Total 9,2% 66,3% 17,2% 6,1% 0,4%

Table 17. The development of the metropolis* is going to increase immigration from smaller cities and rural areas Absolutely


false

Skopje 48,3% 48,3% 0,0% 3,3% 0,0%

Sofia 19,4% 68,7% 11,9% 0,0% 0,0%

Thessaloniki 19,1% 75,0% 4,4% 1,5% 0,0%

Tirana 28,6% 52,4% 15,9% 3,2% 0,0%

Total 28,3% 61,6% 8,1% 1,9% 0,0%

Table 18. Emigration is going to affect negatively small cities and rural areas Absolutely


false

Skopje 40,0% 46,7% 11,7% 1,7% 0,0%

Sofia 43,3% 49,3% 6,0% 0,0% 1,5%

Thessaloniki 17,6% 38,2% 33,8% 7,4% 2,9%

Tirana 29,0% 33,9% 19,4% 17,7% 0,0%

Total 32,3% 42,0% 17,9% 6,6% 1,2%

Part A:Comparative Analysis of the Four Metropolitan

Areas



University of ThessalyDepartment of Planning and Regional Development

South and East European Development Center (SEED)Pedion Areos, Volos 383 34 Greece

Tel. +30 24210 74485Fax +30 24210 74385

Regional Integration and Metropolitan Regional Integration and Metropolitan Development of SE EuropeDevelopment of SE Europe

4th Workshop, Tirana, Albania

November 21, 2004

RIMEDRIMED


final findings of the based on the questionnaire survey in the four metropolitan areas rimed...

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