final bioremediation
TRANSCRIPT
Eleyda Ruiz Fabienne Joseph Kayla Ross
Recent News
Oregon Group Uses Mushrooms for Bioremediation● Washington, DC--(ENEWSPF)--January 23, 2014. Putting ideas into
action, an Oregon-based restoration nonprofit group, Ocean Blue Project, is harnessing the power of mushrooms to clean up pesticides and other pollutants that plague Oregon and national waterways. Yes, mushrooms.
What is Bioremediation?
Use of bacteria, fungi, and plants to remove or degrade hazardous pollutants into harmless byproducts like carbon dioxide and water
Overall Goal: Overcome the factors that are limiting the natural degradation of the contaminants.
Causes of Bioremediation
Types of Bioremediation
In Situ The treatment of the contamination on
siteBiostimulationSimply by adding nutrients and oxygen to enhance the capabilities of any microorganisms already present at the contamination site.Bioaugmentation Cleanup crews apply specifically engineered microorganisms that are specially designed to break down the contaminants.
Ex Situ The physical extraction of the
contaminated media to another location for treatment.
Microbes Role
Aerobic In aerobic conditions, microbes
need oxygen in order to perform their duties. With enough oxygen, they will be to transform the contaminants in the soil into water and carbon.
(Aerobic bioremediation usually is preferred because it degrades pollutants 10 to 100 times faster than anaerobic bioremediation.)
Anaerobic In anaerobic conditions, microbes
work without oxygen. The chemical compounds that are in the soil are decomposed by the bacteria, which creates energy that the
Let’s Get Specific!
Pseudomonas Putida
Deinococcus radiodurans
Alcanivorax borkumensis
Microorganisms at Work
Pseudomonas putida-“Superbug” Gram-negative bacterium Aerobic Very versatile metabolism Degrade an array of toxic
chemicals, including gasoline components
Degrade toluene, a component of paint thinner
Degrade Styrofoam™
The electron micrograph
Microorganisms at Work
Deinococcus radiodurans-”The world’s toughest bacterium” Gram-positive bacteria that
usually forms in spherical pairs or tetrads
Aerobic Genetically Engineered
Microorganism Modified to consume and digest
toluene ionic mercury from highly radioactive nuclear waste An electron micrograph of Deinococcus radiodurans, an
extremely radiation resistant bacterium which produces potent antioxidant manganese complexes.
Microorganisms at Work
Alcanivorax borkumensis Gram-negative, rod-shaped
hydrocarbonoclastic (“oil-degrading”) bacterium
Thrives in halophilic, aerobic environments
Found in the upper layers of freshwater or marine environments: Mediterranean Sea, Pacific Ocean and Arctic Sea
Involved in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated aquatic environments.
Microorganisms at work
Inside The News
More Than Just MicrobesFactors of Bioremediation Type(s) of contamination Extent of contamination Toxicity of contaminants Location and characteristics of the site economic situation microbes source of carbon and energy electron acceptor availability. temperature and other weather conditions nutrients available to the microbes - this includes types of nutrients and amount of
nutrients pH of contaminated site - must be between 5 and 10 work in general. Optimal
conditions are pH 6-8. moisture content (for soil contamination)
Soil Sample Collection
Soil samples are collected from different depths
Lab Testing of the Soil
The soil sample is taken to a lab where it is tested
Bioremediation Can’t Win Them All
High Metal Concentrations - Metals that cannot be broken down include arsenic, cadmium, mercury, copper, chromium and zinc. Mercury is the most toxic of heavy metals.
Highly Chlorinated Organic Molecules - These are organic molecules that have multiple chlorine atoms attached to them.
Inorganic salts - This includes substances such as sodium thiosulfate, sulfur dioxide, sodium metabisulfite, trimethylamine hydrochoride, and ferric chloride.