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MOVING FORWARD IN 2016: Fifteen Years of Health Data for Blacks/African Americans in Utah June 2016

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Page 1: Fifteen Years of Health Data for Blacks/African Americans in Utah · 2016-06-16 · been reduced in fifteen of those indicators while it has increased in the other fifteen. 1U.S

MOVING FORWARD IN 2016: Fifteen Years of Health Data for

Blacks/African Americans in Utah

June 2016

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Table of Contents

  Page Number 

 Overview  3 

Blacks/African Americans in Utah  4 

 Summary    5 

Socio‐Demographics   6 

 Access to Health Care and Health Status    7 

 Preventive Services   8‐10 

 Physical Activity and Nutrition   11‐12 

 Health of Mothers and Infants    13‐14 

Risk Factors  15 

Injuries  16 

Infectious Diseases   17 

Chronic Diseases  18‐19 

Cancer Indicators  20‐21 

Acknowledgements   22 

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3

Overview 

This Moving Forward report presents data from the 2005, 2010, and 2015 editions of the Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity, published by the Utah Department of Health. There are four Moving Forward profiles which provide line graphs that illustrate specific health indicators and health risk factors for Asian, Black/African American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latino. 

 These profiles can serve as a useful tool for agencies and organizations with an 

interest in reducing health disparities in Utah, allowing them to make data‐supported decisions on their priorities and future activities aimed at improving health status in Utah populations.   Data Notes    The baselines for determining health status change were the point estimates for indicators reported in the 2005 edition of Health Status by Race and Ethnicity. The 2010 indicators were originally reported in Health Status by Race and Ethnicity 2010, and the 2015 indicators were reported in the 2015 edition of Health Status by Race and Ethnicity. It should be noted that throughout this profile, the years “2005,” “2010,” and “2015” refer to the publication dates of the Health Status by Race and Ethnicity report, and not necessarily the exact year that the presented data was collected. The actual years of data analysis varied depending on data availability. To find out the exact years of data collection for each indicator, refer to the Health Status by Race and Ethnicity 2005, 2010 and 2015 reports (links provided in the last page).                                                                             The data sources are listed at the bottom of each graph. Indicators that were not included in the three reports and data that were collected or analyzed differently in the three reports could not be used for comparison and change over time.   

Disparity Gap     For the purpose of this report:  

 "Disparity Gap" will be defined as the numerical difference between two values of the same indicator.  The first value represents the overall population and the second value represents a specific minority group.  

The disparity gap increases (⬆) when the difference between the overall population and the specific minority group for 2015 is higher than for 2005.  

The disparity gap decreases (⬇) when the difference between the overall population and the specific minority group for 2015 is lower than for 2005.  

If the minority group is doing as well as the overall population, there is not disparity.  

  The improvement in a health indicator over the years does not imply closing the disparity gap. If the minority group is doing well and the overall population is doing equally well, the health status will improve; however, the disparity gap will persist.  

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4

Blacks/African Americans (B/AA) in Utah  

Population 

  There are about 48,000 African Americans living in Utah1—with 70% living in Salt Lake (19,892), Davis (5,291), Weber (4,182), and Utah (4,006) counties.2 Between 2000 and 2010, Utah’s African American population experienced a 77% growth rate, from 24,382 to 43,209.3  

  Some of this growth may be attributed to the arrival of African Americans who relocated to Utah from Louisiana and Mississippi in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, as well as military families living near Hill Air Force Base. Community leaders emphasize Utah’s low cost of living, educational opportunities, and strong jobs and housing markets as factors that continue to draw people to Utah. In part due to the arrival of refugees from different countries, Utah’s Black/African American population has experienced a recent population boom and has grown to include a diverse array of cultures, languages, and nations of origin. 

 

 

 

Health Status 

  Data from the past 15 years indicates that health disparities are still prevalent in Utah's Black/African Americans (B/AA). Out of the thirty‐seven indicators summarized for this report, only seven show no disparity between B/AA and the overall Utah population. The other thirty indicators still show persistent disparities among B/AA; however, the disparity gap has been reduced in fifteen of those indicators while it has increased in the other fifteen.  

 1U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race Alone or in Combination, 2014 Population Estimates, Table PEPA SR5H. 2U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2006‐2010 Selected Population Tables, Table B01001. 3U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2), Table DP‐1; Census 2010 Summary File 2 (SF 2), Table DP‐1.  

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Summary  

Out of 37 indicators analyzed,

30 show disparities among Utah's B/AA

No Disparity ‐ 7  indicatorsRoutine medical check‐upPap‐testDaily fruit consumption Unintentional injury deathsSuicide Arthritis prevalenceProstate cancer deaths 

Disparity YES, but  disparity gap has DECREASED 

15 indicators

Cholesterol screening

Prostate cancer screening

Overweight or obese

Daily vegetable consumption 

Early prenatal care

Births to adolescents

Low birth weight

Infant mortality

Cigarette smoking

Tuberculosis 

Diabetes deaths

Stroke deaths

Lung cancer deaths

Colorectal cancer deaths

Prostate cancer incidence

Disparity YES, and disparity gap has INCREASED 

15 indicators

Poverty rate

Child poverty rate

No health insurance

Fair or poor health

Flu shot

No physical activity

Chronic alcohol drinking

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Asthma prevalence

Diabetes prevalence 

Coronary heart disease deaths

Lung cancer incidence

Colon cancer screening

Colorectal cancer incidence

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Socio-Demographics

 

9.1% 10.0%12.6%

8.2%19.6%

34.5%

0.0%5.0%

10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0%

2005 2010 2015

Percentage of Population Living in Poverty by Reporting Year (Crude Rate). US Census ACS

Poverty

Utah

B/AA

10.1% 11.1%

14.7%

23.9%

17.9%

30.9%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

2005 2010 2015

Percentage of Children Living in Poverty by Reporting Year (Crude Rate). US Census ACS

Child Poverty

Utah

B/AA

 Disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

 

 Disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

  

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Access to Health Care and Health Status   

      

       

11.0%12.7%

13.5%13.2%

14.4%

22.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

2005 2010 2015

Percentage of Adults Reporting Fair or Poor Health (Age-adjusted). UT BRFSS

Fair or Poor Health

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Reason: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

Note: BRFSS 2015 data is previous to ACA enrollment campaigns.   

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Reason: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

  

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Preventive Services     

       

         

80.7%

73.3%

81.8%

74.6%

68.0%

70.0%

72.0%

74.0%

76.0%

78.0%

80.0%

82.0%

84.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Women 18+ With Pap Test in the Past 3 Years (Age-

adjusted). UT BRFSS

Pap Test

Utah

B/AA

According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA. 

The rates of Utah B/AA who have had an annual checkup within the past year of being surveyed have consistently been higher than that of the overall state average. 

 According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA. 

The proportion of Black/African American women who had a Pap test within the past three years of being surveyed was higher than the overall state rate in 2005 and again in 2015. 

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67.6%69.8%

61.5%

66.8%

56.0%

58.0%

60.0%

62.0%

64.0%

66.0%

68.0%

70.0%

72.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Adults Screened for Cholesterol in the Past 5 Years (Age-

adjusted). UT BRFSS.

Cholesterol Screening

Utah

B/AA

35.2%

37.4%

32.1%

34.1%

29.0%30.0%31.0%32.0%33.0%34.0%35.0%36.0%37.0%38.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Adults Who Had a Flu Shot in the Past Year

(Age-adjusted). UT BRFSS.

Flu Shot

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇   

Rationale: Indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: While the indicator has improved in both populations, it has improved at a slightly faster pace in Utah overall.  

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50.8%

72.0%

47.4%

53.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

2010 2015Percentage of Adults 50+ With Colon Cancer Screening in Past 5

Years (Crude Rate). UT BRFSS

Colon Cancer Screening

Utah

B/AA

55.2%56.5%

37.4%

52.7%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Men 40+ Who Have Ever Had PSA Test (Age-adjusted). UT

BRFSS

Prostate Cancer Screening

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: While the indicator has improved in both populations, it has improved at a faster pace in Utah overall. 

 

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇    

Rationale: Indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

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Physical Activity and Nutrition

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇    

Rationale: while the percentage of B/AA who are overweight or obese has decreased, the percentage in Utah’s overall population has increased.  

  

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

 

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According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA. 

The daily fruit consumption rate for Black/African Americans has been consistently higher than the overall Utah rate; however, it has been slightly declining since 2005 in both populations. 

 

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in Utah’s overall population.

  

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Health of Mothers and Infants

78.0%74.2%

57.2% 54.5%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Infants Who Received 1st Trimester Prenatal Care (Crude

rate). UT Birth Certificate Database.

Early Prenatal Care

Utah

B/AA

17.5

20.3

29.230.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2005 2015

Births per 1,000 Females 15-19 Years Old. UT Birth Certificate Database.

Births to Adolescents

Utah

B/AA

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a slightly faster pace in Utah overall.

 

  

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: B/AAs in Utah have consistently had a higher rate of births to adolescent mothers than the overall Utah rate and has followed the Utah trend since 2005.  The indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in Utah overall.  

 

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 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: The proportion of B/AA infants born with low birth weight has consistently been higher than the overall Utah rate and has steadily decreased since 2005 while it has slightly increased in Utah overall. 

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: Infant mortality rates among B/AA has consistently been higher than the overall Utah rate. The Indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 

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Risk Factors

3.3%

4.0%3.7%

4.7%

0.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%3.5%4.0%4.5%5.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Adults Reporting Chronic Drinking in the Past Month

(Age-adjusted). UT BRFSS

Chronic Alcohol Drinking

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 

  Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

 

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Injuries

33.8 39.4

28.827.5

05

1015202530354045

2005 2015Deaths by Unintentional Injury per 100,000 Population

(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificate Database.

Unintentional Injury Death

Utah

B/AA

15.5

18.5

7.810.3

0

5

10

15

20

2005 2015Deaths by Suicide per 100,000 Population

(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificate Database.

Suicide

Utah

B/AA

 According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA. 

B/AA have had a lower rate of unintentional injury death than the rate of Utah overall. The rate for B/AA has decreased since 2005, while has increased for Utah overall.  

According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA. 

B/AA have had a lower rate of suicide than the Utah rate. The rate has increased since 2005 in both populations but has increased at a faster pace in Utah overall. 

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Infectious Diseases

16.5 16.8

85

107.5

020406080

100120

2005 2015Cases of Gonorrhea per 100000 Population (Crude Rate).

UDOH Bureau of Epidemiology.

Gonorrhea

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇

Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA. 

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has remained practically the same in Utah overall while it has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 

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Chronic Diseases

5.5%

8.9%6.3%

11.7%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

2005 2015Percentage of Adults with Asthma (Age-adjusted).

UT BRFSS

Asthma Prevalence

Utah

B/AA

According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA. 

The proportion of B/AA adults reporting a diagnosis of arthritis was higher than the overall Utah rate in 2005. The Black/African American rate decreased from 2005 to 2015. 

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

 

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.

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99.4

67.6

103.9

88

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2005 2015Coronary Heart Disease Deaths per 100,000 Population

(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificate Database

Coronary Heart Disease Death

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇

Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in Utah overall. 

  

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

 

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Cancer Indicators

41.332.8

50.3 47.4

0102030405060

2005 2015Cases of Colorectal Cancer per 100,000 Population

(Age-adjusted). UT Cancer Registry SEER

Colorectal Cancer Incidence

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: While the indicator has slightly improved in Utah overall, it has steadily worsened in B/AA.  

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: The indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆  Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in Utah overall. 

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16.1 10.8

35.8

26.9

0

10

20

30

40

2005 2015Colorectal Cancer Deaths per 100,000 Population(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificates Database.

Colorectal Cancer Death

Utah

B/AA

167.7156.7

255.6

206.7

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2005 2015Prostate Cancer Cases per 100,000 Males(Age-adjusted). UT Cancer Registry SEER

Prostate Cancer Incidence

Utah

B/AA

 Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇ 

Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA. 

According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA

The rate of prostate cancer death among Black/African Americans has steadily decreased since 2005 to approximate the 2015 overall Utah rate. 

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Acknowledgments  

Author Dulce Díez, MPH, MCHES, Office of Health Disparities  Collaborators Jake Fitisemanu, MPH, Office of Health Disparities Tashelle Wright, Office of Health Disparities Charla Haley, Office of Public Information and Marketing   The complete Health Status by Race and Ethnicity Reports cited throughout this report can be found at:  Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity: 2015 Report Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity: 2010 Report Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity: 2005 Report For a demographic profile of this population visit: http://www.health.utah.gov/disparities/utah-minority-communities/black-african-americans.html