fifteen years of health data for blacks/african americans in utah · 2016-06-16 · been reduced in...
TRANSCRIPT
MOVING FORWARD IN 2016: Fifteen Years of Health Data for
Blacks/African Americans in Utah
June 2016
Table of Contents
Page Number
Overview 3
Blacks/African Americans in Utah 4
Summary 5
Socio‐Demographics 6
Access to Health Care and Health Status 7
Preventive Services 8‐10
Physical Activity and Nutrition 11‐12
Health of Mothers and Infants 13‐14
Risk Factors 15
Injuries 16
Infectious Diseases 17
Chronic Diseases 18‐19
Cancer Indicators 20‐21
Acknowledgements 22
3
Overview
This Moving Forward report presents data from the 2005, 2010, and 2015 editions of the Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity, published by the Utah Department of Health. There are four Moving Forward profiles which provide line graphs that illustrate specific health indicators and health risk factors for Asian, Black/African American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latino.
These profiles can serve as a useful tool for agencies and organizations with an
interest in reducing health disparities in Utah, allowing them to make data‐supported decisions on their priorities and future activities aimed at improving health status in Utah populations. Data Notes The baselines for determining health status change were the point estimates for indicators reported in the 2005 edition of Health Status by Race and Ethnicity. The 2010 indicators were originally reported in Health Status by Race and Ethnicity 2010, and the 2015 indicators were reported in the 2015 edition of Health Status by Race and Ethnicity. It should be noted that throughout this profile, the years “2005,” “2010,” and “2015” refer to the publication dates of the Health Status by Race and Ethnicity report, and not necessarily the exact year that the presented data was collected. The actual years of data analysis varied depending on data availability. To find out the exact years of data collection for each indicator, refer to the Health Status by Race and Ethnicity 2005, 2010 and 2015 reports (links provided in the last page). The data sources are listed at the bottom of each graph. Indicators that were not included in the three reports and data that were collected or analyzed differently in the three reports could not be used for comparison and change over time.
Disparity Gap For the purpose of this report:
"Disparity Gap" will be defined as the numerical difference between two values of the same indicator. The first value represents the overall population and the second value represents a specific minority group.
The disparity gap increases (⬆) when the difference between the overall population and the specific minority group for 2015 is higher than for 2005.
The disparity gap decreases (⬇) when the difference between the overall population and the specific minority group for 2015 is lower than for 2005.
If the minority group is doing as well as the overall population, there is not disparity.
The improvement in a health indicator over the years does not imply closing the disparity gap. If the minority group is doing well and the overall population is doing equally well, the health status will improve; however, the disparity gap will persist.
4
Blacks/African Americans (B/AA) in Utah
Population
There are about 48,000 African Americans living in Utah1—with 70% living in Salt Lake (19,892), Davis (5,291), Weber (4,182), and Utah (4,006) counties.2 Between 2000 and 2010, Utah’s African American population experienced a 77% growth rate, from 24,382 to 43,209.3
Some of this growth may be attributed to the arrival of African Americans who relocated to Utah from Louisiana and Mississippi in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, as well as military families living near Hill Air Force Base. Community leaders emphasize Utah’s low cost of living, educational opportunities, and strong jobs and housing markets as factors that continue to draw people to Utah. In part due to the arrival of refugees from different countries, Utah’s Black/African American population has experienced a recent population boom and has grown to include a diverse array of cultures, languages, and nations of origin.
Health Status
Data from the past 15 years indicates that health disparities are still prevalent in Utah's Black/African Americans (B/AA). Out of the thirty‐seven indicators summarized for this report, only seven show no disparity between B/AA and the overall Utah population. The other thirty indicators still show persistent disparities among B/AA; however, the disparity gap has been reduced in fifteen of those indicators while it has increased in the other fifteen.
1U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race Alone or in Combination, 2014 Population Estimates, Table PEPA SR5H. 2U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2006‐2010 Selected Population Tables, Table B01001. 3U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Summary File 2 (SF 2), Table DP‐1; Census 2010 Summary File 2 (SF 2), Table DP‐1.
5
Summary
Out of 37 indicators analyzed,
30 show disparities among Utah's B/AA
No Disparity ‐ 7 indicatorsRoutine medical check‐upPap‐testDaily fruit consumption Unintentional injury deathsSuicide Arthritis prevalenceProstate cancer deaths
Disparity YES, but disparity gap has DECREASED
15 indicators
Cholesterol screening
Prostate cancer screening
Overweight or obese
Daily vegetable consumption
Early prenatal care
Births to adolescents
Low birth weight
Infant mortality
Cigarette smoking
Tuberculosis
Diabetes deaths
Stroke deaths
Lung cancer deaths
Colorectal cancer deaths
Prostate cancer incidence
Disparity YES, and disparity gap has INCREASED
15 indicators
Poverty rate
Child poverty rate
No health insurance
Fair or poor health
Flu shot
No physical activity
Chronic alcohol drinking
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Asthma prevalence
Diabetes prevalence
Coronary heart disease deaths
Lung cancer incidence
Colon cancer screening
Colorectal cancer incidence
6
Socio-Demographics
9.1% 10.0%12.6%
8.2%19.6%
34.5%
0.0%5.0%
10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0%
2005 2010 2015
Percentage of Population Living in Poverty by Reporting Year (Crude Rate). US Census ACS
Poverty
Utah
B/AA
10.1% 11.1%
14.7%
23.9%
17.9%
30.9%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
2005 2010 2015
Percentage of Children Living in Poverty by Reporting Year (Crude Rate). US Census ACS
Child Poverty
Utah
B/AA
Disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
Disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
7
Access to Health Care and Health Status
11.0%12.7%
13.5%13.2%
14.4%
22.4%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
2005 2010 2015
Percentage of Adults Reporting Fair or Poor Health (Age-adjusted). UT BRFSS
Fair or Poor Health
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Reason: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
Note: BRFSS 2015 data is previous to ACA enrollment campaigns.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Reason: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
8
Preventive Services
80.7%
73.3%
81.8%
74.6%
68.0%
70.0%
72.0%
74.0%
76.0%
78.0%
80.0%
82.0%
84.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Women 18+ With Pap Test in the Past 3 Years (Age-
adjusted). UT BRFSS
Pap Test
Utah
B/AA
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA.
The rates of Utah B/AA who have had an annual checkup within the past year of being surveyed have consistently been higher than that of the overall state average.
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA.
The proportion of Black/African American women who had a Pap test within the past three years of being surveyed was higher than the overall state rate in 2005 and again in 2015.
9
67.6%69.8%
61.5%
66.8%
56.0%
58.0%
60.0%
62.0%
64.0%
66.0%
68.0%
70.0%
72.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Adults Screened for Cholesterol in the Past 5 Years (Age-
adjusted). UT BRFSS.
Cholesterol Screening
Utah
B/AA
35.2%
37.4%
32.1%
34.1%
29.0%30.0%31.0%32.0%33.0%34.0%35.0%36.0%37.0%38.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Adults Who Had a Flu Shot in the Past Year
(Age-adjusted). UT BRFSS.
Flu Shot
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: While the indicator has improved in both populations, it has improved at a slightly faster pace in Utah overall.
10
50.8%
72.0%
47.4%
53.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
2010 2015Percentage of Adults 50+ With Colon Cancer Screening in Past 5
Years (Crude Rate). UT BRFSS
Colon Cancer Screening
Utah
B/AA
55.2%56.5%
37.4%
52.7%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Men 40+ Who Have Ever Had PSA Test (Age-adjusted). UT
BRFSS
Prostate Cancer Screening
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: While the indicator has improved in both populations, it has improved at a faster pace in Utah overall.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
11
Physical Activity and Nutrition
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: while the percentage of B/AA who are overweight or obese has decreased, the percentage in Utah’s overall population has increased.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
12
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA.
The daily fruit consumption rate for Black/African Americans has been consistently higher than the overall Utah rate; however, it has been slightly declining since 2005 in both populations.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in Utah’s overall population.
13
Health of Mothers and Infants
78.0%74.2%
57.2% 54.5%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Infants Who Received 1st Trimester Prenatal Care (Crude
rate). UT Birth Certificate Database.
Early Prenatal Care
Utah
B/AA
17.5
20.3
29.230.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2005 2015
Births per 1,000 Females 15-19 Years Old. UT Birth Certificate Database.
Births to Adolescents
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a slightly faster pace in Utah overall.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: B/AAs in Utah have consistently had a higher rate of births to adolescent mothers than the overall Utah rate and has followed the Utah trend since 2005. The indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in Utah overall.
14
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: The proportion of B/AA infants born with low birth weight has consistently been higher than the overall Utah rate and has steadily decreased since 2005 while it has slightly increased in Utah overall.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Infant mortality rates among B/AA has consistently been higher than the overall Utah rate. The Indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
15
Risk Factors
3.3%
4.0%3.7%
4.7%
0.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%3.5%4.0%4.5%5.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Adults Reporting Chronic Drinking in the Past Month
(Age-adjusted). UT BRFSS
Chronic Alcohol Drinking
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
16
Injuries
33.8 39.4
28.827.5
05
1015202530354045
2005 2015Deaths by Unintentional Injury per 100,000 Population
(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificate Database.
Unintentional Injury Death
Utah
B/AA
15.5
18.5
7.810.3
0
5
10
15
20
2005 2015Deaths by Suicide per 100,000 Population
(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificate Database.
Suicide
Utah
B/AA
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA.
B/AA have had a lower rate of unintentional injury death than the rate of Utah overall. The rate for B/AA has decreased since 2005, while has increased for Utah overall.
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA.
B/AA have had a lower rate of suicide than the Utah rate. The rate has increased since 2005 in both populations but has increased at a faster pace in Utah overall.
17
Infectious Diseases
16.5 16.8
85
107.5
020406080
100120
2005 2015Cases of Gonorrhea per 100000 Population (Crude Rate).
UDOH Bureau of Epidemiology.
Gonorrhea
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has remained practically the same in Utah overall while it has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
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Chronic Diseases
5.5%
8.9%6.3%
11.7%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
2005 2015Percentage of Adults with Asthma (Age-adjusted).
UT BRFSS
Asthma Prevalence
Utah
B/AA
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA.
The proportion of B/AA adults reporting a diagnosis of arthritis was higher than the overall Utah rate in 2005. The Black/African American rate decreased from 2005 to 2015.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Indicator has worsened in both populations but has worsened at a faster pace in B/AA.
19
99.4
67.6
103.9
88
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2005 2015Coronary Heart Disease Deaths per 100,000 Population
(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificate Database
Coronary Heart Disease Death
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in Utah overall.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
20
Cancer Indicators
41.332.8
50.3 47.4
0102030405060
2005 2015Cases of Colorectal Cancer per 100,000 Population
(Age-adjusted). UT Cancer Registry SEER
Colorectal Cancer Incidence
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: While the indicator has slightly improved in Utah overall, it has steadily worsened in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: The indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬆ Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in Utah overall.
21
16.1 10.8
35.8
26.9
0
10
20
30
40
2005 2015Colorectal Cancer Deaths per 100,000 Population(Age-adjusted). UT Death Certificates Database.
Colorectal Cancer Death
Utah
B/AA
167.7156.7
255.6
206.7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2005 2015Prostate Cancer Cases per 100,000 Males(Age-adjusted). UT Cancer Registry SEER
Prostate Cancer Incidence
Utah
B/AA
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
Health disparity: YES Disparity Gap: ⬇
Rationale: Since 2005, the indicator has improved in both populations but has improved at a faster pace in B/AA.
According to these data, there is not disparity in this indicator for B/AA
The rate of prostate cancer death among Black/African Americans has steadily decreased since 2005 to approximate the 2015 overall Utah rate.
22
Acknowledgments
Author Dulce Díez, MPH, MCHES, Office of Health Disparities Collaborators Jake Fitisemanu, MPH, Office of Health Disparities Tashelle Wright, Office of Health Disparities Charla Haley, Office of Public Information and Marketing The complete Health Status by Race and Ethnicity Reports cited throughout this report can be found at: Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity: 2015 Report Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity: 2010 Report Utah Health Status by Race and Ethnicity: 2005 Report For a demographic profile of this population visit: http://www.health.utah.gov/disparities/utah-minority-communities/black-african-americans.html