fieldwork report for cali mohd ali

8/8/2019 Fieldwork Report for Cali Mohd Ali

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to the fieldwork

This report was 4 days activity done by STVS first year student to improve their practical skills and to

collect data from different sites visited. Initial planning of the fieldwork, student was divided into two

groups of 16 members each of which both group visited the same place with special questionnaires.

The student left to Burao on Sunday morning 04/07/2010 and come back 07/07/2010. Various areas

were visited during the fieldwork, they include.;- Livestock market, milk market, tannery, traditional

slaughter house burao animal quarantine, Burao holding ground and Mandeeq dairy farm

1.2 Background to the study area

Burao is the centre of togdheer region and it is second capital of Somaliland and it is highly populated

town that economically depends on mainly livestock production. It has functional livestock market,

Burao has functioning meat factory, livestock market, milk market, traditional slaughter house, camel

dairy farms, traditional and modern tanneries.

Burao livestock market is the largest one in Somaliland markets because it receives the livestock from

the whole regions of Somaliland, some of Somali regions and even Somali and Ethiopia

Burao the study area

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CHAPTER TWO: AIM, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

Aim, Objectives and methodology

2.1 Aim

The main purpose of the fieldwork is to expose the first year student into the field so as to practice

what they have learnt in the last two semesters.

2.2 Objectives

To practice what was learnt in the class

To learn and to interact with various stakeholders at visited areas

To learn how to collect data, analyse and report.

2.3 Methodology

Students were divided into two groups; each has collected data from different institutions, at different

times. Afterward discussed what they collected. I have used only observation, interview and

questionnaire. Even though there is many skills we used. These three methods were the main to be

mentioned that is mostly used.

Observation was used for the data that is easy to collect and report.

But interview was used in data that is not possible to collect easily so, student made questionnaire in

written form and collect the information by asking question to the various stakeholders of the visited

areas

2.4 Materials used in the fieldwork:

Camera, notebooks, pens, questionnaire, rubber boots, aprons, gloves, postmortem equipments and

disinfectants

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CHAPTER THREE: ACTIVITIES

Activities carried out in burao

3.1 Burao livestock market

The market is located west side of the town and it occupies an area 2 km square. The market is divided

into two sections, the export section that handles the male sheep and goat and local section that

handles both female and male. The market has two offices, one for the municipality and the other one

for veterinary officer.

3.1.1 Livestock market actors: Producers that is mainly pastoralist, market brokers, interregional

traders and export traders.

3.1.2 Sources of the animals for the market

Since the market is the largest in the region animals comes from different places in the country like

Oodweyne,BuuhodleLlascanood,Sheikh,beer and some times from Ethiopia.

3.1.3 Demand and supply for the market

The highest demand for sheep and goat are mainly during June and August and this is also the main

export for live animals to the Arabian Gulf. Supply of sheep and goat in the market is low from April

to June because it is time for breeding and milking

The price is charged according to age, demand, body condition and sex of the animals.

Table 1

species grades Price per animalSheep/goats 1 $50

Sheep/goats 2 $45

Sheep/goats 3 $40

Table2: that shows taxes and wages of brokers

species taxes Wages for brokers

goats $0.3 $0.5

sheep $0.4 $0.5

camels $0.5 $0.8

Cattles $0.6 $0.9

3.1.4 Role of municipality in the market:Collect taxes from market, provide certificate to animal sold, control activities in the market, maintain

hygiene of the market and maintain security of the market

3.1.5 Facilities of the market:

Has two shades used for the animals, one for disposal points, 5 toilets rumps holding grounds.

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3.1.6 Constraints of livestock market: Lack of good enough shading, lack of proper and enough

disposal points and lack of enough water points.

3.2 Burao traditional tannery

3.2.1. Alla-magan traditional tannery

Alla-magan is a private traditional tannery which was established in 2002 and it is located to the west

of Burao town, the tannery gets the skin from Burao slaughter houses and other areas of Somaliland

regions.

The tannery processes all ruminant skins although the cattle skins are few since the cattle are not

consumed normally by Burao communities in the town and the surrounding areas.

The small ruminant skin is the most abundant skin which the tannery processes they process about

6000 skin per month, the camel it skin is not so much about 100 camel skins are processed per month.

The most preferable grade of skin is when the source skin is from well nourished animal which is not

so young and has no scars or other physical damages on the skin, but if the skin has those problems its

grade will be lower and the price of the skin depends on its grade. The tannery makes two methods of

processing the first one is salting the skin, for about 24 hours, drying for 12 hours and then packaging

the skin, this kind of skin is exported to the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

For local use after salting and drying the skin is soaked for a few hours to seven days in pure water to

eliminate salt, blood, dirt and to gain moisture lost during the course of curing process. After soaking

the flesh is then removed by mechanical scraping, the hair is them removed through immersing theskin in a solution of lime and sodium sulphide. After liming the skin is delimed by soaking in a weak

solution of acid which reduces the swelling caused by the lime. Afterdeliming the chlorine is added to

chromium which is used to colorize the leather. This leather is used by the local communities to make

it as by products like shoes

3.2.2 Constraints of the tannery

o Limited information on differential prices with respective quality

o Poor storage of hides and skins

o Weak competition among traders for hides and skins

3.3 Burao milk market

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3.3.1 Sources of milk in the market:

Burao milk market is located at the center of the town and it is where milk sellers and buyers meat in a

free competition. The methodologies used were observation and interview with the milk sellers and

buyers.

The market operates 9: 00 Am to 3:00 pm, milk reaches the market at around 900am because it is

transported from surrounding area of Burao town

The sources of milk are Hawd, Galooley, lebiguun, Qoyta, Oodweyne, Suuqsade and Gadheys, but

mainly are from Oodweyne, Suuqsade and Galooley.

The milk are brought to the market in to two ways, one way is that the milk producers transport their

milk directly to the market and the other way is that middle traders in the villages collecting the milk

from the producers and then transport the milk to the market.

The milk in Burao market is consumed by Burao town community.

3.3.2 The price and types of milk in the market

Different types of milk are sold in the market, camel cattle and goat milk but the camel milk is the

most abundant milk in the market.

The price of each type of milk (camel, cattle and goat milk) was 13,000 Somali shillings per milk cup

(which equivalent to around 800ml).

The price of the milk is high during dry seasons (summer and winter) and low in the rainy seasons

(sprig and autumn) because the rainy seasons most of the animals are in lactating period.

The price of each type depends on the availability of that particular type, if the supply of that milk type

is high their price will be low, but if they are in a same quantity the camel milk are the highest price

and the cattle milk are the least price.

3.3.3 Standard of milk at the market:

The most preferable grade of milk is the fresh milk (the early stage of the milk) and their price is

higher than the sour milk.

The amount of milk the sellers have is different and there is large and small sellers, the large sellers

sell about 200 up to 500 liters per day and the small sellers sell about 30 to 200 liters per day, the

amount of milk in the market is affected by seasons if it is rainy season the amount will be much but

less during the dry seasons.

3.3.4The supply and the demand of milk in the market

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The supply of the milk are affected by the seasons and they are allow at dry seasons because short

supply in lactation period. Supply of milk is high during rainy seasons.

3.4.The camel dairy farms of Burao city

Maandeeq camel dairy farm is located to the west of Burao, it is far from the town about 8km and it

has an area of 115 hectors. Maandeq is a mixed farm; it has two separate parts, part for crop farming

and part for the camel, there are four pens in the camel farm two of them are for the calves while the

other two for the adults. Maandeeq was established in 2003, the partners are two Somalis. About 90

camel were reared in the farm at the start of the project in 2003, normally some of them are lactated

they produce 65 liters of milk per day and they supply to Burao town alone even they are not sufficient

to Burao community. The most problems those were complained about were droughts which reduces

the growing level of the farm and it affects directly the nutrition and the production of the camels

Some times tick problems is experienced but they are helped by veterinary professionals. Because of

the insuffiency of feed, animals were moved to the other areas, because the owners cannot sustain a

population of 90 heads of camel

3.5 Burao traditional slaughterhouse

Burao slaughter house is located to the east of the city, it has an area of about 1.9km 2 and it is a mixed

of public and private slaughterhouse because its surrounded fences some of them are private and fee is

taken from the livestock owners.

The slaughterhouse functions from 11:00AM up to 5:00PM and it is operated by 50 workers, 40 of

them work at the slaughtering of the sheep and goat they are mostly women and wages are paid by

the animal owners while the other 10 are local Government staffs who is among them are

slaughterhouse administration, security and hygienic staffs.

The slaughterhouse has two sections, section for small ruminants which is mainly operated by the

women; the other section is for the camel and is operated by men. The cattle are not slaughtered to the

slaughterhouse because they are not consumed by the community. There are three public water pools

and drainages which carry the blood and other wastes from the slaughter house and pour into prepared

pits. During the slaughtering knives and crushing knives are used and there is no electricity in the

slaughter house the workers use torches. The body conditions of the slaughtering animals were good

and fair, there were no clinically diseased animals seen, but during the postmortem exanimation some

abnormalities were found.

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The slaughter house has no electricity and the workers use torches which is difficult to see the small

things. And the other problem is that the animals are slaughtered in front of the live animal which is

against the animal welfare.

Liver abscess plastic bags in rumen

3.6 Burao holding ground/fattening

The holding ground is located north side of the town with an area of 360 hectare. It is far from the

town centre about 8km. it is foundation started on June 2009 and still the construction is under the

process. It has different places like the quarantine, the laboratory, and farms for fattening animals

where it is used as zero grazing.

The holding ground is divided into three quarantine for inspection, section for fattening and the

laboratory for further findings.. The pens are 6 for small ruminants each holds 10,000 animals.2 pen

for camels each holds 4000 animals and it has a place for storage of food for the animals. Watering

places like boreholes around the holding ground.

3.6.1 Function of the company

To enhance the quality of livestock

To separate the healthy one and unhealthy

To fatten life stock specifically for export

To create a disease free zone

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Conclusion

The field work was useful which improved the knowledge and the practical skills of the students and

there was no any problem the students met from the community.

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All planned sites were visited and the people commented how they desire an international assistance

towards the health and the veterinary services. Also student had opportunity to visit upcoming places

like holding ground /fattening (international livestock company) that encourage livestock export.

However some constraints were met in the places visited.For example Burao milk marker, for

instance the milk, sellers do not have enough containers to keep the milk the place was full of house

flies which can contaminate the milk. Further more the milk sellers get little profit from selling milk

they got a profit of less than 1000 Somali shilling per liter of milk sold

The traditional slaughter house lacks electricity supply all worker use touches to see at night this

will affect often when skinning because it is hard to avoid damaging the skin. There is no sufficient

water supply. The slaughter house lacks trained personnels and modern technology. The slaughter

house is lacking veterinary services and good hygienic conditions

4.2 Recommendation

To get electricity for Burao traditional slaughter and to train its workers about the hygiene and

the animal welfare

To assign meat inspectors in Burao traditional slaughter house

To build shade and feeding places for Burao livestock market since it is the largest livestock

market in Somaliland

Should improve infrastructure of live stock market like building more shades ., holding

grounds , toilets and disposal

To get encouragement activities for the camel dairy farmers or animal farmers

To produce sufficient veterinary technicians for the community

To ban the importing of the plastic bags and to motivate the community to collect them.

ANNEXES

Questionnaire form

The questionnaire of livestock Market

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1- How do you evaluate the animal buying andselling? .....................................................................................................................2- What are the main aspects you consider during buying andselling? ..........................................................................................................................3- How do the market agents and market actors work together?

..........................................................................................................................

4- Where do you get the animal that you supply?..........................................................................................................................

5- Do you take the producer directly or you take from middle traders?..........................................................................................................................

6- What changes animal demand?..........................................................................................................................

7- Which season demand is high?..........................................................................................................................

8- What changes animal supply?

..........................................................................................................................9- Which season supply is high and which is low?

..........................................................................................................................10- Does the government take role for supplying the livestock?

..........................................................................................................................11- Which kind of species do you prefer to buy?

..........................................................................................................................12- How many animals do you buy per month or per year?

..........................................................................................................................13- What is the purpose for selling the livestock?

..........................................................................................................................14- What are constraints meet from the buying of the animals?

..........................................................................................................................15- How does the animal price change?

..........................................................................................................................16- What change the animal price to be low or high?

..........................................................................................................................17- At what time the market is open or closed?

..........................................................................................................................

.Questionnaires of slaughter house

1. When was the slaughter house established?.

2. How many meters does the building of the slaughter house occupy?.

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3. Who established the slaughter house?.

4. How many people operate in slaughter house?.

5. When does the slaughtering starts?

.6. How many animals do you slaughter per day?.

7. Where do you get the animals?.

8. Which species do you slaughter mostly?.

9. Which disease do you experience mostly before slaughtering?.

10. At which age and sex do you prefer for slaughtering?.

11. How do you recognize whether the animal is sick or not ?.12. What are the most important facilities of the slaughter house?

.13. Are there any guidelines that GVT gives you?

.14. Where do you dispose the waste of slaughter house?

.15. Is there any support that you get from foreign aid?

.16. If yes what kind of support?

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Milk market traditional tannery

Livestock market certificate for animal movement

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fieldwork report for cali mohd ali

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