AL-Hada Hospital

Nursing Institute

First year

Feeding Methods and Formula

By:

Waad Al-Jaayd

Reem Assiri

Importance of Feeding

• Provides superior nutrition for optimum growth.

• Provides adequate water for hydration.

• Protects against infection and allergies.

• Promotes bonding and development.

Methods of Feeding

1. Breast feeding

2. Formula feeding

3. Cup feeding

4. Finger feeding

Advantage of Breastfeeding

FOR BABY

Improve growth & development

1_ Due to the anti-infective properties of breastmilk, breastfed babies

tend to have less incidence of or less pronounced symptoms of ear

infections, respiratory illness, allergies, diarrhea, and vomiting.

3_Due to the digestibility of breastmilk, breastfed babies are rarely

constipated.

3_The stools of breastfed babies are mild-smelling.

4_ SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is less common in breastfed

babies.

5_ Breastmilk is constantly changing in its composition to meet the

changing needs of the baby. It has the exact combination of protein,

fats, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and sugars needed for the human

infant at various stages of his growth.

6_ Breastfed children are at less risk for chrohn's disease and

juvenile diabetes.

7_ IQ levels are an average of 8 points higher in children who

were breastfed.

Breast milk is always available, clean, and the right

temperature.

The bond between mother and child seems to be enhanced

with breastfeeding

Prevents infectious diseases for children

Adults who were breastfed have a lower risk for high

cholesterol and asthma

FOR MOTHER

Calories In mothers are burned while breastfeeding

2. The uterus of a breastfeeding mother shrinks to its pre-pregnancy size more

quickly.

3. Osteoporosis and cervical cancer are less common in women who

breastfed.

4. The return of fertility is delayed with breastfeeding.

5. Breastfeeding is more economical more easy not need for prepration

6. Breastmilk is always available, clean, and the right temperature.

7. Many mothers feel a special satisfaction in knowing that they alone are

meeting the nutritional needs of their babies.

8. Mothers daughters who were breastfed are at less risk for breast

cancer.

9. Mothers who were breastfed have a lower risk for high cholesterol

and asthma

HOW OFTEN TO BREASTFEED?

• After milk supply has increased

• Baby should have 5 to 6 wet diapers every day

• 3 to 4 dirty diapers every day

Benefits of Breast feeding after 6 months

• less risk of eczema

• lower blood pressure as an adult

• lower risk of childhood leukemia

• less likelihood of being overweight

• less likelihood of developing

childhood diabetes.

Mothers who breastfeed longer have:

• a lower risk of ovarian cancer

• a lower risk of developing Type II diabetes

• a lower risk of breast cancer – on average, for every

year spent breastfeeding

The Composition Of Breast Milk:

Breast milk, which is 90% water, consists

of: nutrient proteins, non-protein nitrogen

compounds, lipids,oligosaccharides, vitamins, m

inerals, hormones,enzymes, growth

factors and protective agents. It has 10% solids

for energy and growth

is a manufactured food designed and

marketed for feeding to babies and infants

under 12 months of age, usually prepared

for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from

powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or

without additional water).

Formula feeding

Indication of Artificial Feeding

• Baby’s mouth too small, nipple too big

• Baby’s mouth too large, nipple too small

• Socially more acceptable

•Maternal anxiety – baby not getting enough milk

• Maternal medication/infection

•Tried breast feeding, became exhausted

•Contraindication to breast-feeding, such as infant’s metabolic disorders (galactocemia) and mothers who have cancer and under radiation treatment

•Death of the mother.

Advantage & Disadvantage Artificial Feeding

Advantages of Artificial feeding

• If you bottle feed your baby, they may sleep for longer between

feeds.

• You can ask someone else to feed your baby, such as your

partner or a family member, if you need to take a break.

• Like breastfeeding, bottle feeding enables a strong bond and a

sense of closeness to develop between the baby and parent.

• Formula milk has added vitamin K

• If you are bottle feeding your baby, you know exactly how much

milk your baby has had.

• Your social life does not need to be curtailed. You can resume

your normal life.

RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL FEEDING

More diarrhoea and

respiratory infections

Persistent diarrhoea

Malnutrition

Vitamin A deficiency

More likely to die

More allergy and

milk intolerance

Increased risk of some

chronic diseases

Overweight

Lower scores on

intelligence tests

Slide 2.14

Not feeding enough

Feeding too much

Colic

Constipation

May become

pregnant sooner

Increased risk of anaemia,

ovarian and breast cancer

Interferes with bonding

Cup feeding (and similar vessels like spoon, etc) is a

method of feeding baby that has been around for a

very long period of time. It should be used to feed a

baby who is not yet taking the breast and is better

than a bottle . Usually be about 4-6 weeks after baby

birth.

Cup feeding

Finger-feeding, a substitute technique for

breastfeeding, has probably existed for thousands

of years as a way to keep a baby fed who has

difficulties going to breast or who needs to be

separated from mother for any length of time.

Finger feeding

Breast feeding unit :2 year but

after at 6 month is not enough so

must be introduced food gradually

this weaning.

It is a gradual addition of solid foods to the

infant’s diet according to infants’ diet according

to individual infant’s capacity and gradual

diminution of breast or artificial feeding in

frequency and /or quantity.

Weaning

When do I start weaning my child?

You should start giving your baby solid foods

when they are around six months old, as well as

breast or formula milk.

Before six months, your baby's gut is still

developing and they need only breast or formula

milk. Weaning too soon may increase the risk of

infections and allergies.