feature space based watermarking in multi-images
DESCRIPTION
Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images. Xin Zhou. Outlines. Introduction Feature Space Based Watermarking Simulation Results Conclusion. Introduction. Goal: Implement the watermarking in a set of images or video based on eigen-decomposition or SVD (Singular Value Decomposition). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images
Xin Zhou
![Page 2: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outlines
Introduction
Feature Space Based Watermarking
Simulation Results
Conclusion
![Page 3: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
Goal: Implement the watermarking in a set of images
or video based on eigen-decomposition or SVD (Singular Value Decomposition)
![Page 4: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction(2)
Where to embed bits? Spatial Domain: Directly process original values of the
host image according to the watermark Frequency Domain: Transfer the host image into
another domain and change the corresponding coefficients according to the watermark
Is it possible to embed bits in the feature domain?
![Page 5: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction(3)
Other’s Work Using SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) to embed
bits in one image Using ICA (Independent Component Analysis) to
detect the watermark
What I want to do Find a method to use eigen-decomposition or SVD to
embed watermark in multi-images or video It will be more robust to embed bits in each images More difficult for others to estimate the watermark
![Page 6: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Feature Based Watermarking
Eigen-Decomposition and SVD
Embed one bit
Detection
Embed watermark in a set of images
![Page 7: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Eigen-Decomposition and SVD
mxn matrix A, of rank r, can be expressed as the product:
A = U * S * VT
U is mxr term matrix S is rxr diagonal matrixV is rxn document matrixIf A is nxn matrix, r=n, we have
A *U= U * S
![Page 8: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Embedding One Bit (1)
Assume the host image is a mxn matrixPerform the SVD to get S matrixEmbed one bit in the S matrix according to
where {si}: original coefficients{si’}: marked coefficients{b}: the bit to be embedded which is 0 or 1k : watermark strength, adjusted by the just-noticeable-
difference (JND) standard
'i is s k b
![Page 9: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Embedding One Bit(2)
After Embedding:
A’ = U * S’ * VT
where S’ is the watermarked singular matrix
A’ is the corresponding watermarked image
![Page 10: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Detection
Assume we get the watermarked image A’.
Perform eigen-decomposition or SVD to get the S’
Compare S and S’, we can get the watermark
'i is s
bk
![Page 11: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Embedding in Multi-Images
Method I: Generate a pseudo random codebook Decide which bit should be embedded to which
image based on the codebook For a specific image, use the previous method to
embed bits
Method II: Use QIM-like method to decide which bit should
be embedded to which image.
![Page 12: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Simulation Results (1)
![Page 13: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Simulation Results (2)
![Page 14: Feature Space Based Watermarking in Multi-Images](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56814495550346895db132fc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conclusion
Using eigen-decomposition or SVD to embed watermark into multi-images.
Implemented basic functions of the proposed method
Need to do more tests under various attacks