feasibility of manufacturing paper-plastic laminates using waste paper
DESCRIPTION
Feasibility of Manufacturing Paper-Plastic Laminates Using Waste Paper. Chin-Yin Hwang. Taiwan Forestry Research Institute. 2007 IUFRO ALL DIVISION 5 CONFERENCE 11-02-2007 Taipei, Taiwan. Some Statistics. Waste Paper Recovery Rate in Taiwan. 69.7. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Feasibility of Manufacturing Paper-
Plastic Laminates Using
Waste Paper
Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
Chin-Yin Hwang
2007 IUFRO ALL DIVISION 5 CONFERENCE
11-02-2007 Taipei, Taiwan
Some Statistics. . . . .
0
20
40
60
80
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
(%)
1
Waste Paper Recovery Rate in Taiwan
(Taiwan Paper Industry Association, 2007)
69.7
Paper Recycling Procedures. . . .
1
Collection
Classification
Disintegration
Washing
Deinking
Cleansing
Bleaching
Forming
Drying
2
Some Questions. . . . .
3
Some Questions. . . . .
Is there other options for Paper Recycling?
3
Some Questions. . . . .
Is there other options for Paper Recycling?
Can other materials be reclaimed from the waste stream and combined with waste papers?
3
Some Questions. . . . .
Is there other options for Paper Recycling?
Can other materials be reclaimed from the waste stream and combined with waste papers?
Is woodfiber plastic composites a possibility?
3
Some Problems with Woodfiber Plastic Composites
Reduction in Composite S
trength
Inherent H Bond
Agglomeration of wood fibers
Heterogeneous fiber dispersion
Inferior interfacial adhesion
Vigorous mixing
Reduced fiber aspect ratio
Reduced fiber strength
4
Why Paper-Plastic Laminates?
• Avoid elaborated paper recycling procedures….
• Reduce agglomeration b/w fiber and plastic
• Preserve aspect ratio of fiber
• Preserve H-bond of paper
5
How PPL is Made?
＋ Interleaving
Hot Press
＋Impregnation
orCoating
SheetFormation
＋
6
How PPL is Made?
＋ Interleaving
Hot Press
＋Impregnation
orCoating
SheetFormation
＋
6
Material
• Paper: office paper
• Plastic: PE films, 0.03mm, 0.06mm, 0.09mm
NP, Not-Printed P, Printed
V, Virgin R, Recycled
7
Factors of Interest. . . . .
• Paper type (P, NP)
• Plastic type (V, R)
• Plastic film thickness (0.03, 0.06, 0.09 mm)
8
Methods: preparation
＋
OVEN
NP-R-3
NP-R-6
NP-R-9
NP-V-3
NP-V-6
NP-V-9
P-R-3
P-R-6
P-R-9
P-V-3
P-V-6
P-V-9
HP
IL
9
Typical Hot Press Scheme
10
cool off
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (min)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
set temperature
response temp.
Methods:
• Flexural Properties (MORb, MOEb)• Tensile Properties (MORt, MOEt)• Notched Izod Impact Bending• Hardness (Shore D)• Heat Deflection Temperature
Mechanical Properties
11
Sample Preparation SchemeFlexural
Izod
Hardness
Tensile
HDT12
Resulting PPLs
13
• Treatment combination: 12• Replicate: 5• Sp/Gr: 0.93 to 1.05 gm cm-3
• Compaction ratio: 1.17 to 1.23 • Fiber loading: 48, 60, and 72%
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rb
(M
Pa
)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MORb
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa, overall avg 56.1 MPa
14
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rb
(M
Pa
)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MORb
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa, overall avg 56.1 MPa
14
Different trends with different plastic groups
NP-R, P-R decreased with increasing plastic film thickness
NP-V, P-V showed highest MORb at 0.06mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rb
(M
Pa
)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MORb
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa
14
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa, overall avg 56.1 MPa
PPL 39.1~56.2 MPa (Michell et al. (1978) )
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rb
(M
Pa
)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MORb
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa
14
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa, overall avg 56.1 MPa
5.9~39.6 MPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rb
(M
Pa
)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MORb
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa
14
44.8 ~ 69.8 MPa, overall avg 56.1 MPa
5.9~39.6 MPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
1.41 times
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Eb
(G
Pa)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MOEb
4.2 ~ 7.3 GPa, overall avg 5.39 GPa
15
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Eb
(G
Pa)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MOEb
4.2 ~ 7.3 GPa, overall avg 5.39 GPa
15
Similar trends with the corresponding MORb results, except
that P-V remained unaffected at all PLFT levels.
i.e., NP-R, P-R decreased with increasing plastic film thickness
NP-V showed highest MOEb at 0.06mm
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Eb
(G
Pa)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MOEb
4.2 ~ 7.3 GPa, overall avg 5.39 GPa
15
PPL 5.8~7.6 GPa (Michell et al. (1978) )
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Eb
(G
Pa)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MOEb
4.2 ~ 7.3 GPa, overall avg 5.39 GPa
15
0.8~3.6 GPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Eb
(G
Pa)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Flexural Properties - MOEb
4.2 ~ 7.3 GPa, overall avg 5.39 GPa
15
0.8~3.6 GPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
1.49 times
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rt
(MP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MORt
16
30.4 and 56.9 MPa, overall avg 39.9 MPa
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rt
(MP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MORt
16
30.4 and 56.9 MPa, overall avg 39.9 MPa
Different trends with different paper types
NP-V, NP-R decreased with increasing plastic film thickness
P-V, P-R showed highest MORt at 0.06 mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rt
(MP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MORt
16
30.4 and 56.9 MPa, overall avg 39.9 MPa
10.0~27.0 MPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rt
(MP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MORt
16
30.4 and 56.9 MPa, overall avg 39.9 MPa
10.0~27.0 MPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Rt
(MP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MORt
16
30.4 and 56.9 MPa, overall avg 39.9 MPa
10.0~27.0 MPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
1.48 times
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Et
(GP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MOEt
17
45.6 ~86.2 GPa, overall avg 62.4GPa
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Et
(GP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MOEt
17
45.6 ~86.2 GPa, overall avg 62.4GPa
No specific trend was found
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Et
(GP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MOEt
17
45.6 ~86.2 GPa, overall avg 62.4GPa
1.0~2.7 GPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
MO
Et
(GP
a)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
Tensile Properties - MOEt
17
45.6 ~86.2 GPa, overall avg 62.4GPa
1.0~2.7 GPa
(Woodfiber-PE composites)
23 times???
Notched Izod Impact Properties
18
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
Izo
d Im
pac
t (J
/m)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
139.2~371.0 J/ m
Notched Izod Impact Properties
18
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
Izo
d Im
pac
t (J
/m)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
139.2~371.0 J/ m
Different trends with different paper types
NP-V, NP-R showed highest Izod at 0.06 mm
P-V, P-R showed no specific trend
Notched Izod Impact Properties
18
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
Izo
d Im
pac
t (J
/m)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
139.2~371.0 J/ m
14~27 J/m (Woodfiber-PE composites)
Notched Izod Impact Properties
18
0
100
200
300
400
500
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
Izo
d Im
pac
t (J
/m)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
139.2~371.0 J/ m
14~27 J/m (Woodfiber-PE composites)
>5 times
Hardness
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
Ha
rdn
ess
(Sh
ore
D)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
64.2 ~72.6
50 Shore D
Commercial LDPE
Hardness
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
Ha
rdn
ess
(Sh
ore
D)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
64.2 ~72.6
50 Shore D
Commercial LDPE
Different trends with different paper types
NP-V, NP-R showed lowest hardness at 0.09 mm
P-V, P-R seemed to converge at 0.06 mm
Heat Deflection Temperature
20
100
110
120
130
140
150
0.03 0.06 0.09
Plastic Film Thickness (mm)
He
at D
efl
ecti
on
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)
NP-R NP-V P-R P-V
HTD of LDPE: 47.0~50.0℃
121.6 ~130.0
Limitations
21
• Size and shape (length, width, thickness)• Processability (higher stiffness, HDT)• Anisotropy • Durability unknown• Applications
Conclusion
22
MORb, MOEb, MORt,and Izod of PPLs were better than re
ported WPCs.
The PPLs prepared in this study exhibited 1.5-times the fle
xural strength and stiffness and 5-times the notched Izod i
mpact strength over extruded woodflour-plastic composites.
Except for tensile stiffness, all the other mechanical propert
ies of the PPLs were affected by interactions among the 3 f
actors.
Conclusion
22
PPLs with the same plastic type tended to show s
imilar trends in flexural properties, whereas PPLs
with the same paper type tended to exhibit similar
trends in tensile strength at break, Izod impact str
ength, and hardness.
Conclusion
22
These results indicate that PPLs may be a viable
alternative method of paper recycling. However, f
urther studies to address the long-term performan
ce of PPLs under extreme conditions are recomm
ended.
Feasibility of developing PPL as a paper recycling
alternative seems to be encouraging.
tHE eND
Questions?